Primary Communication Research Articles

Design of Enhanced Document HTML and the Reliable Electronic Document Distribution Service

Electronic documents are becoming increasingly popular in various industries and sectors as they provide greater convenience and cost-efficiency than physical documents. PDF is a widely used format for creating and sharing electronic documents, while HTML is commonly used in mobile environments as the foundation for creating web pages displayed on mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. HTML is becoming a more critical document format as mobile environments have been raised as the primary communication channel nowadays. However, HTML does not have the standard content integrity feature, and an electronic document based on HTML consists of a set of related files. Therefore, it has a vulnerability in terms of reliable electronic documents. We have proposed Document HTML, a single independent file with extended meta tags, to be a reliable electronic document and Chained Document, a single independent file with a blockchain network to secure content integrity and delivery assurance. In this paper, we improved the definition of Document HTML and researched certified electronic document intermediaries. Additionally, we designed and validated the electronic document distribution service using Enhanced Document HTML for real usability. Moreover, we conducted experimental verification using a tax notification electronic document, which has one of the top distribution volumes in Korea, to confirm how Document HTML provides a content integrity verification feature. Document HTML can be used in an enterprise that must send a reliable electronic document to a customer with an electronic document delivery service provider.

Crises information dissemination through social media in the UK and Saudi Arabia: A linguistic perspective.

This study investigates health-promoting messages in British and Saudi officials' social-media discourse during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Taking discourse as a constructivist conception, we examined the crisis-response strategies employed by these officials on social media, and the role of such strategies in promoting healthy behaviors and compliance with health regulations. The study presents a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of the tweets of a Saudi health official and a British health official that focuses on keyness, speech acts, and metaphor. We found that both officials utilized clear communication and persuasive rhetorical tactics to convey the procedures suggested by the World Health Organization. However, there were some differences in how the two officials used speech acts and metaphors to achieve their goals. The British official used empathy as the primary communication strategy, while the Saudi official emphasized health literacy. The British official also used conflict-based metaphors such as war and gaming, whereas the Saudi official used metaphors that reflected life as a journey interrupted by the pandemic. Despite these differences, both officials utilized directive speech acts to tell audiences the procedures they should follow to achieve the desired conclusion of healing patients and ending the pandemic. In addition, rhetorical questions and assertions were used to direct people to perform certain behaviors favored. Interestingly, the discourse used by both officials contained characteristics of both health communication and political discourse. War metaphors, which were utilized by the British Health official, are a common feature in political discourse as well as in health-care discourse. Overall, this study highlights the importance of effective communication strategies in promoting healthy behaviors and compliance with health regulations during a pandemic. By analyzing the discourse of health officials on social media, we can gain insights into the strategies employed to manage a crisis and effectively communicate with the public.

Analysis of Types in Business Communication using the TOPSIS Method

Information interchange between employees and others outside the corporation is referred to as business communication. To accomplish organizational objectives, managers and staff interact with one another through effective communication. This seeks to reduce mistakes and enhance administrative procedures. The four basic types of communication are verbal, non-verbal, visual, and written communication. The four primary business communication styles are typically upstream, downward, sideways, and external. Within a company, there is no "correct" method of communication. Therefore, communication is a means to make communication between people easier, understandable, and, above all, clear. In everyday language, means of communication are often equated with media. Communication is key in business to provide bold, concise statements regarding branding, strategy, and customer service. A company builds a brand that conveys a consistent message that is specific to its target market. Internal communication fosters teamwork and cooperation and helps employees and management get along. Relationship building with your team, consumers, and stakeholders demands good communication. Poor communication can destroy relationships, which may also result in lost sales and a tarnished reputation. Improving your communication skills with your team, suppliers, and customers is crucial for workplace interaction and raising employee productivity. Through communication, different programs and policies, crucial issues, organizational goals, and other topics are communicated to employees, improving their knowledge and enhancing their ability to carry out their duties more effectively. Communication research is at the cutting edge of theory and research in the communication field. It serves as a global forum for academics and professionals interested in recent findings in the domains of communication and related areas. Three different types of communication can be distinguished: verbal communication, which involves asking questions; textual communication, which involves interpreting someone's meaning and asking them to clarify what they mean; and nonverbal cues, which entail observing someone and inferring their intentions. Communication is fundamental to self-expression and meeting one's needs. The ability to communicate effectively is crucial for career progress. Effective communication abilities can help you comprehend and understand others, easing your path and interactions with people in your daily life. The TOPSIS method of ranking is evaluated based on enhanced ambiguity comparison with weighted average. Multiple response is one of the typical approaches used in TOPSIS to improve problems, reduce uncertainty, determine the weight of each response, and manage it continuously. Types of business communication include personal communication, external communication, formal communication, informal communication, mass communication, vertical communication, horizontal communication, and downward communication. Communication can be categorized based on the parties involved, formality, and other types. Personal communication ranks first, while formal communication has the lowest rank among the types of business communication

Code Choices Among Multilingual Families: a Pilot Study

Living in a multi-ethnic and multilingual country, Indonesian citizens have the privilege of being exposed to different languages and using them in various degrees of proficiency. As it becomes typical for an individual to mix and/or switch languages in everyday interaction, there is certainly room for more in-depth investigation, especially in determining the pattern of code choices among multilingual families. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, we observed how code choices occur in the family of two multilingual young adult speakers in Universitas Negeri Malang. The data of this current study were collected from two interview videos as a part of a larger project (Family Language Policy) we carried out in 2021 with a focus on how language selection processes work in their families. The results showed that there were different code choice patterns practiced in these two families; for example, the first family used Javanese as a primary communication code among family members, while the second family chose to use Indonesian. However, interestingly both families communicate in Indonesian when speaking to very young members or children. The findings of this current paper are important particularly in predicting the language shift phenomena in Indonesian contexts.
 Keywords: code choices, family language policy, multilingual families, Indonesia

Enhancing Spam Message Classification and Detection Using Transformer-Based Embedding and Ensemble Learning.

Over the last decade, the Short Message Service (SMS) has become a primary communication channel. Nevertheless, its popularity has also given rise to the so-called SMS spam. These messages, i.e., spam, are annoying and potentially malicious by exposing SMS users to credential theft and data loss. To mitigate this persistent threat, we propose a new model for SMS spam detection based on pre-trained Transformers and Ensemble Learning. The proposed model uses a text embedding technique that builds on the recent advancements of the GPT-3 Transformer. This technique provides a high-quality representation that can improve detection results. In addition, we used an Ensemble Learning method where four machine learning models were grouped into one model that performed significantly better than its separate constituent parts. The experimental evaluation of the model was performed using the SMS Spam Collection Dataset. The obtained results showed a state-of-the-art performance that exceeded all previous works with an accuracy that reached 99.91%.

Multi-cue temporal modeling for skeleton-based sign language recognition.

Sign languages are visual languages used as the primary communication medium for the Deaf community. The signs comprise manual and non-manual articulators such as hand shapes, upper body movement, and facial expressions. Sign Language Recognition (SLR) aims to learn spatial and temporal representations from the videos of the signs. Most SLR studies focus on manual features often extracted from the shape of the dominant hand or the entire frame. However, facial expressions combined with hand and body gestures may also play a significant role in discriminating the context represented in the sign videos. In this study, we propose an isolated SLR framework based on Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ST-GCNs) and Multi-Cue Long Short-Term Memorys (MC-LSTMs) to exploit multi-articulatory (e.g., body, hands, and face) information for recognizing sign glosses. We train an ST-GCN model for learning representations from the upper body and hands. Meanwhile, spatial embeddings of hand shape and facial expression cues are extracted from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) pre-trained on large-scale hand and facial expression datasets. Thus, the proposed framework coupling ST-GCNs with MC-LSTMs for multi-articulatory temporal modeling can provide insights into the contribution of each visual Sign Language (SL) cue to recognition performance. To evaluate the proposed framework, we conducted extensive analyzes on two Turkish SL benchmark datasets with different linguistic properties, BosphorusSign22k and AUTSL. While we obtained comparable recognition performance with the skeleton-based state-of-the-art, we observe that incorporating multiple visual SL cues improves the recognition performance, especially in certain sign classes where multi-cue information is vital. The code is available at: https://github.com/ogulcanozdemir/multicue-slr.

Social media for academic libraries

Social media platforms are the primary communication mechanism among students on college campuses in the United States. Libraries using social media channels to promote services and connect with their communities may wish to expand their social media presence by creating innovative content to support their teaching initiatives. YouTube is a powerful and popular social media channel libraries can use to post a range of content to enhance their presence in their community. This column provides an overview of current college students' use of social media, highlights some advantages of YouTube, and provides some best practices libraries can follow with social media initiatives.

Palliative Care Communication Among Home Health Interprofessional Staff: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness.

Skilled home health care (HH) is the largest and fastest growing long-term care setting in the United States. Patients in HH are served by an interprofessional team, and may have little direct contact with physicians, when discussing their progress, prognosis, and goals of care. Such conversations are part of primary palliative care communication. Evidence on primary palliative care communication training in the non-physician HH interprofessional team is lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of using a palliative care communication model known as COMFORT© to provide palliative care communication training to HH staff. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a regional health system in the southeastern U.S. to test online training modules (n = 10) (Group 1) and online training modules plus face-to-face training (n = 8) (Group 2). Measures included training completion rates, staff acceptability ratings, comfort with palliative and end-of-life communication (C-COPE) and moral distress (MMD-HP). Results showed that COMFORT© training was feasible (92%), highly acceptable (>4 on a 6-point scale), and positively correlated with improved C-COPE scores (P = .037). There was no significant difference in moral distress scores pre- and post-intervention or in effectiveness between the groups. However, acceptability of COMFORT© was positively correlated with history of leaving or considering leaving a job due to moral distress ( = 7.6, P = .02). Preliminary findings from this pilot study suggest that administration of COMFORT© training was feasible, and it was correlated with increased HH staff comfort with palliative care communication.

Urgensitas Komunikasi Antarbudaya dalam Menjalin Hubungan Inklusif Masyarakat di Kota Mataram

This inclusive relationship between religious adherents in the City of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara must continue to be built so that people always get along harmoniously in the diversity of cultures and religions they adhere to. The purpose of this study is to find out how important intercultural communication must be built in the cultural and religious diversity that exists in the city of Mataram. This type of descriptive qualitative research uses a phenomenological approach, namely trying to understand the meaning of a human event through interviews. The data sources in this study are primary data sources and secondary data sources. Collection methods are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the importance of intercultural communication in urban life is to create inclusive relationships between religious adherents in the city of Mataram whose population is balanced between Hindus, Muslims and Christians based on openness and mutually associative processes both celebrating holidays such as Nyepi, Christmas, Eid, Eid al-Adha and Weddings. In social interaction, the community uses primary communication to create harmony in society and uses linear communication which tends to use persuasive communication in changing people's attitudes and behavior as expected by religious leaders, community leaders, government and all stakeholders and stakeholders. The implication of this research is the importance of communication that must continue to be built in inclusive relationships between religious adherents in the city of Mataram, which used to be a step event, now it tends to be easy to fulfill due to communication, awareness and willingness of the community to build fraternal relations characterized by primary communication. and linear. In other words, the two models of communication tend to be humanist which is an investment or provision in creating interfaith brotherhood relations. Therefore, it is hoped that the city government, religious leaders and all stakeholders will continue to maintain inclusive and peaceful relations between religious communities.

Postural and Gestural Synchronization, Sequential Imitation, and Mirroring Predict Perceived Coupling of Dancing Dyads

Body movement is a primary nonverbal communication channel in humans. Coordinated social behaviors, such as dancing together, encourage multifarious rhythmic and interpersonally coupled movements from which observers can extract socially and contextually relevant information. The investigation of relations between visual social perception and kinematic motor coupling is important for social cognition. Perceived coupling of dyads spontaneously dancing to pop music has been shown to be highly driven by the degree of frontal orientation between dancers. The perceptual salience of other aspects, including postural congruence, movement frequencies, time-delayed relations, and horizontal mirroring remains, however, uncertain. In a motion capture study, 90 participant dyads moved freely to 16 musical excerpts from eight musical genres, while their movements were recorded using optical motion capture. A total from 128 recordings from 8 dyads maximally facing each other were selected to generate silent 8-s animations. Three kinematic features describing simultaneous and sequential full body coupling were extracted from the dyads. In an online experiment, the animations were presented to 432 observers, who were asked to rate perceived similarity and interaction between dancers. We found dyadic kinematic coupling estimates to be higher than those obtained from surrogate estimates, providing evidence for a social dimension of entrainment in dance. Further, we observed links between perceived similarity and coupling of both slower simultaneous horizontal gestures and posture bounding volumes. Perceived interaction, on the other hand, was more related to coupling of faster simultaneous gestures and to sequential coupling. Also, dyads who were perceived as more coupled tended to mirror their pair's movements.

Perspectives towards Communication Options among Parents of Children with Hearing Impairment

Introduction Intervention and educational approaches ranging from oral language only to oral language combined with various forms of sign language have evolved. The aim of this study was to understand the choices of language for the deaf/ hearing impaired child for communication by the parents using a survey questionnaire. The objectives were to adapt the questionnaire given by to obtain the information about the choices of communication mode and the process of selection. Materials and Methods Participants included in this study were parents of hearing impaired and deaf children in Bengaluru. Modified and shortlisted 31 questions given to ten teachers of deaf and sign language users for content validation and those suggestions were incorporated. Questionnaire was provided to parents of hearing impaired and deaf children. Results Study showed majority were fitted with devices to help their hearing – hearing aid and cochlear implant and joined oral school for education. Age of Intervention was early only in small number of children. Sign language as a mode of communication was reported in only 20.3% and 59.3% reportedly not used sign language at all. The families that used sign language reported the reason for the choice being ease of use. Regardless of competence of children in oral language, majority of parent’s aspiration was oral language, followed by sign and oral language. Choosing sign language as a primary communication mode is seen in minority of parents. The survey also showed though children are in oral school, mode communication is not always oral. Peer group interaction and interaction with family members require sign and actions-gestures along with oral language. Conclusion The study emphasized the importance of learning oral language and sign language for deaf and hearing-impaired children. Parental concerns revolved around educational opportunities of deaf/ hearing impaired child population may be reduced.

Interpersonal communication patterns of facilitators for child victims of sexual violence in Aceh Province

Cases of sexual violence against children in Aceh are increasingly worrying. The data collected from SIMFONI-PPA of the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection recorded that in 2021 there were 5,463 cases of violence against children nationally. The impacts felt by the victims of sexual violence who needed psychological assistance included hatred, revenge, rebellion, and trauma. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the communication patterns used by the facilitators at the Protection of Women and Children of Aceh Province in handling child victims of sexual violence and the obstacles faced in the assistance process. By using a qualitative and phenomenological approach, the study collected the data through in-depth interviews and documentation. The researcher interviewed two lawyers, two counsellors, and one psychologist. At the same time, documentation data was acquired from records and relevant documents in the UPTD PPA Aceh office. The results of the study revealed that there were two patterns of communication used by the facilitators of UPTD. Psychologists and counsellors used primary communication patterns through verbal and non-verbal communication simultaneously. On the other hand, lawyers used a circular communication pattern by having more communication with the victims’ families. Moreover, the obstacles experienced by the facilitators included requiring extra approaches and assistance for child victims with special needs. Other obstacles include frequent threats and terror, the dysfunction of the safe house for victims who needed temporary shelter, and the unavailability of a special treatment section or room in the hospital for victims of sexual violence.

Deep Learning-based Bangla Sign Language Detection with an Edge Device

Sign language, often referred to as silent conversation, serves as a visual gesture-based primary communication medium for hearing-impaired individuals. People unable to speak or hear communicate with themselves and general persons with static and dynamic sign languages. To ensure that people who are deaf and unable to talk do not feel excluded from this fast-paced world, it is even more crucial that sign language is incorporated into our culture and that a cost-effective and straightforward method of detecting it be developed. With this goal in mind, an automatic Bangla sign language (BSL) detection system has been developed in this work using deep learning approaches and a Jetson Nano edge device. The deep learning models have been trained with Okkhornama, an open-source database and a custom author-curated dataset of 49 categories and 3,760 images have been used to validate these techniques. These images are preprocessed by auto-orienting and resizing into 416 × 416 pixels in the Roboflow framework. Next, we implemented Detectron2, EfficientDet-D0 with TensorFlow and the PyTorch-built YOLOv7 models. Jetson Nano, a portable and sufficiently dynamic NVIDIA microprocessor, is also utilized in this project to generate an object detection model and infer it from test images in real-time. The Dectectron2 model performed best concerning detection accuracy, with a mAP@.5 of 94.915 and an AP of 54.814. The YOLOv7 model achieved mAP@.5 accuracies in detecting various classes from 85 percent to 97 percent and mAP@.5-.95 from 41 percent to 53 percent. Finally, the YOLOv7 Tiny approach has been used in the Jetson Nano edge device for real-time Bangla sign language detection because of its lowest total training time and frame rate. The proposed system is expected to provide an effective solution for Bangladeshi people suffering from hearing disabilities and the inability to speak in a simple and affordable approach.

A Comparison of Voice Amplifiers and Personal Communication Systems for Hypophonia: An Exploration of Communicative Participation.

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate how individuals with hypophonia (HP; also referred to as HP participants) and their primary communication partners (PCPs; also referred to as PCP participants) rate communicative participation before and after experience with a speech amplification device. A secondary purpose was to evaluate pre- and post-device effects on self-rated communicative participation for each of the three speech amplification devices trialed outside of the laboratory. Seventeen individuals with HP and their PCPs participated in a crossover design study that compared three different amplification devices: a wired belt-pack amplifier, a wireless stationary amplifier, and a personal frequency modulation (FM) system. Both the individuals with HP and their PCPs self-rated communicative participation at baseline and after trialing each device following 1-week device trial periods at home. Patient-reported outcome measures included the Communicative Effectiveness Survey (CES) and the Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP). Following study completion, participants indicated whether they would like to select a specific device to continue using. Overall, HP participants rated communicative participation following device use higher than that in the pre-device condition, with the FM system resulting in the overall highest VAPP ratings and second highest CES ratings. Furthermore, HP and PCP participants rated these measures similarly. Finally, HP participants who selected a device to continue using self-reported lower total communicative effectiveness scores and greater voice activity limitations and participation restrictions at baseline in comparison to the nonselectors. This study contributes to an increased understanding of how communicative participation is experienced within this clinical population resulting from speech amplification. It is suggested that the inclusion of participation-based outcome measurement is essential to ensure a multidimensional and comprehensive approach to device prescription for individuals with HP.

The impact of subtle language and communication difficulties on the daily lives of autistic children without intellectual disability: Parent perspectives.

Autistic children without intellectual disability will likely experience higher level language and communication difficulties. These may appear subtle, in that they are not immediately evident to those who do not know the child well and may not manifest in all environments. Because of this, the impact of such difficulties may be underestimated. This phenomenon has similarly attracted little research attention, meaning the extent to which subtle language and communication difficulties contribute to the needs of autistic individuals without intellectual disability may be underspecified in clinical services. To offer a detailed exploration of how relatively subtle language and communication difficulties impact on autistic children without intellectual disability and what strategies parents recognize can mediate those negative effects. Twelve parents of autistic children from the target group (aged 8-14 years, attending mainstream school) were interviewed about how subtle language and communication difficulties impact their autistic child. Rich accounts were derived then analysed using thematic analysis. Eight of the children discussed had previously been interviewed independently in a parallel study. Comparisons are discussed in this paper. Parents reported heterogeneous but pervasive higher level language and communication difficulties which universally impacted key areas of the children's function: peer relationships, developing independence and performance in education. Communication difficulties were also universally associated with negative emotional responses, social withdrawal and/or negative self-perceptions. While parents identified a range of ad hoc strategies and naturally occurring opportunities that improved outcomes, there was little mention of the means to address primary language and communication difficulties. The current study showed a number of parallels with child accounts, demonstrating the benefits of collecting data from both sources in clinical and research investigations. However, parents were more concerned about longer term implications of language and communication difficulties and highlighted their impact on the child developing functional independence. Subtle language and communication difficulties, typically identified in this higher ability autistic group, can impact significantly on key areas of childhood function. Support strategies seem to be parent generated and inconsistently applied across individuals, without the benefit of coherent specialist services. Dedicated provision and resources targeting areas of functional need may be beneficial to the group. In addition, the commonly reported association between subtle language and communication difficulties and emotional well-being indicates the need for greater exploration using empirical methods, and joined-up clinical working between speech and language therapy and mental health services. What is already known on the subject There is now a wide understanding of how language and communication difficulties can impact the individual. However, where those difficulties are relatively subtle, for example, in children without intellectual disability and where difficulties are not immediately evident, less is known. Research has often speculated on how identified differences in higher level structural language and pragmatic difficulties might impact on the function of autistic children. However, to date dedicated exploration of this phenomenon is limited. The current author group explored first-hand accounts of children. Corroborative evidence from parents of the same children would add further weight to understanding this phenomenon. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge This study provides a detailed exploration of parents' perspective relating to the impact of language and communication difficulties on autistic children without intellectual disability. It provides corroborative detail that support child accounts of the same phenomenon, indicating the impact on peer relationships, school outcomes and emotional well-being. Parents also report functional concerns around the child's ability to develop independence and this paper demonstrates how parents and children might deviate in their accounts, with parents reporting increased concerns around the longer term implications of early language and communication difficulties. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Relatively subtle language and communication difficulties can have a significant impact on the lives of autistic children without intellectual disability. Greater service provision for this group is therefore indicated. Interventions could focus on areas of functional concern where language is implicated, for example, peer relationships, developing independence and school success. Additionally, the relationship between language and emotional well-being points to further integration between speech and language therapy and mental health services. Differences found between parental and child reports highlight the need to collect data from both parties during clinical investigations. Parental strategies may offer benefits for the wider population.

Resonant wireless charging scheme

In order to reduce the number of switching devices and passive components in the hybrid topology charging system based on resonant power transmission technology, and simplify the control strategy of primary and secondary sides, a hybrid self switching resonant topology based on LCL-LCL/S is proposed. The structure does not need primary and secondary side communication and adds any passive components, and only changes the topology network through the self switching operation of LCL structure can be realized constant current and constant voltage switching of wireless charging system. Then, according to the characteristics of battery charging curve, resonant current threshold and voltage jump threshold, a parameter optimization design method for hybrid resonant topology network is proposed, which can avoid the parameter uncertainty caused by the limitation of empirical selection of resonant network parameters, and provide theoretical basis for parameter selection. In the constant current and constant voltage mode, the input impedance is pure resistance, and the zero phase angle(ZPA) is between the input current and the voltage. The experimental results show that the hybrid self switching wireless charging system with optimized resonant network parameters has better constant current and constant voltage output characteristics. The system realizes ZPA and constant frequency soft switching characteristics, which meets the requirements of constant current and constant voltage charging.

Nano and micro-vesicle diffusion through proteins, electrostatics mediate its interactions.

The primary biochemical communication in the body is mediated by vesicles, from energy transport to neural signals. Understanding the driving forces of its diffusion will proportionate light to comprehend the nature of some diseases. In this work, we investigate the diffusion of nano and microvesicles in a bovine serum albumin solution, as we alter their temperature and electrostatic charge. Their molecular interactions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and its short-long range interactions by dynamic light scattering and video tracking. Results showed that the phase transition of the lipids alters its diffusion drastically and that the nano-size vesicles with net negative electrostatic charge are the most reactive to the protein.

Evaluation of GBT-FPGA for timing and fast control in CBM experiment

Timing and Fast Control (TFC) system for the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is being developed with focus on low and deterministic data transmission latency. This helps to minimize data corruption in the free-streaming Data Acquisition (DAQ) system during occasional data bursts caused by the expected beam intensity fluctuations. Proven in latency-optimized experimental data transport applications, the GBT-FPGA core is expected to positively contribute to the TFC system performance. In this work, the core has been integrated as the primary communication interface and its effect on transmission latency and quality of time distribution has been evaluated.

POLA KOMUNIKASI ANTARA GUGUS TUGAS DAN TIM RELAWAN PERCEPATAN PENANGANAN COVID-19 DI DESA BALANGTAROANG KECAMATAN BULUKUMPA KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

In an organization, communication has a very great influence on achieving goals. Communication flow would go well if the parties involved in the organization were able to cooperate. This study aims to determine (1) communication patterns between the task force and the volunteer team for the acceleration of covid-19 handling and (2) factors that affected the communication pattern between the task force and the volunteer team for the acceleration of covid-19 handling in Balangtaroang Village, Bulukumpa District, Bulukumba Regency. The research method used qualitative description. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used methods of reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed (1) communication patterns between the COVID-19 task force and a team of volunteers in Balangtaroang Village using primary, secondary, linear, and circular communication patterns. These four patterns were considered the most routine and appropriate to be applied in an effort to deal with covid-19 (2) Factors supporting communication patterns between the task force and the volunteer team for the acceleration of handling covid-19 include the involvement of a number of parties consisting of health workers, security, religious leaders, youth leaders, and the community. The obstacles encountered in their communication process were the activeness of the sub-district task force in communicating with volunteers and the sub-district task force, as well as the difficulty of volunteers in convincing the community of the truth of covid-19.

Determinants of maternal satisfaction with focused antenatal care services rendered at public health facilities in the West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia: A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Every woman has the right to receive quality care during pregnancy. It is proven that antenatal care (ANC) reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The government of Ethiopia is also making intense efforts to increase the coverage of ANC. However, among pregnant women, the levels of satisfaction with the care provided are overlooked, as the percentage of women who complete all ANC visits is below 50. Therefore, this study aims to assess maternal satisfaction with ANC services rendered at public health facilities in the West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women who were receiving ANC in public health facilities in Central Ethiopia between September 1 and October 15, 2021. A total of 411 women were selected using the systematic random sampling method. The questionnaire was pretested and the data were collected electronically using CSEntry. The collected data were exported to SPSS version 26. The characteristics of the study participants were described using frequency and percentage. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with maternal satisfaction with focused ANC service. This study revealed that 46.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) (41.7%-51.6%)] of women were satisfied with ANC service. Factors such as the quality of the health institution [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 5.10, (95% CI: 3.33-7.75)], place of residence [AOR = 2.38, (95% CI: 1.21-4.70)], history of abortion [AOR = 0.19, (95% CI: 0.07-0.49)], and previous mode of delivery [AOR = 0.30, (95% CI: 0.15-0.60)] were significantly associated with women's satisfaction with focused ANC service. More than half of pregnant women who received ANC were dissatisfied with the service they received. This should be a cause for concern, as the level of satisfaction is lower than that of the findings of previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Institutional variables, interactions with patients, and previous experiences of pregnant women have an impact on the level of satisfaction. Due attention should be paid to primary health and communication of health professionals with pregnant women to improve the levels of satisfaction with focused ANC service.