I. Canaanite influence on the religion of Israel is probable from the gradual and incomplete manner in which the conquest of Canaan was effected by the Hebrews. In regard to this event the Old Testament traditions are singularly contradictory. The Deuteronomic editor of Joshua and the Priestly writer in the same book hold that the twelve tribes entered the land together under the leadership of Joshua, captured all the cities in a rapid campaign, and destroyed all their inhabitants (Jos. 1o:28-43; Ii:io-I2: 24, D ; chaps. 13-22, mainly P). On the other hand, the older JE passages that are included by the Deuteronomic editor mention a number of cities that were not taken by Joshua, e.g., Jerusalem (15:63), Gezer (i6:io), Taanach and Megiddo (17:II1-18), or that were captured by other persons, e.g., Hebron by Caleb (i5:14), Debir by Othniel (15:i 5-17), the Highland of Israel by the tribes of Joseph (i7:14-18). J and E also agree that the Canaanites were not annihilated, but continued to dwell in the midst of Israel unto this day (Exod. 23:29 f.; 34:II-16; Jos. I3:Ib, 13; 15:63; I6:io; I7:I2 f.). There can be no doubt that the older conception of JE is the more historical. Jerusalem was not taken until the time of David (II Sam. 5:6-9; cf. Judg. 9:10o-I2; against Jos. I2:io). The Canaanites were not expelled from Gezer until the time of Solomon (I Kings 9:16; cf. Judg. I:29; against Jos. I2:12). Beth-shan remained in the hands of the Philistines until the time of David