Argemone Research Articles

An In-depth Review on Argemone mexicana in the Management of Liver Health and Liver Cancer.

Argemone mexicana, commonly known as the Mexican prickly poppy, has been historically employed in traditional medicine for various ailments, including liver disorders. Given the rising prevalence of liver diseases, including cancer, investigating the potential efficacy of Argemone mexicana in promoting liver health is of paramount importance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the hepatoprotective and anticancer properties of Argemone mexicana. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant botanical and pharmacological databases. Studies from various sources, including in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical trials, were included in the review. The search focused on articles published up to 2010-2023, encompassing research that explored the botanical characteristics, chemical composition, traditional uses, and pharmacological properties of Argemone mexicana, specifically emphasizing its impact on liver health and cancer. The review revealed a wealth of studies highlighting the diverse pharmacological properties of Argemone mexicana. The botanical composition includes compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, suggesting hepatoprotective effects. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models demonstrated promising outcomes regarding liver function improvement and inhibition of liver cancer cell proliferation. While some clinical studies supported the traditional uses of Argemone mexicana, further well-designed trials are warranted to establish its clinical efficacy. In conclusion, Argemone mexicana shows promise as a natural agent for promoting liver health and combating liver cancer. Bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties suggest potential hepatoprotective effects. However, translating these findings into clinical practice requires further rigorous investigation, including well-designed clinical trials. This review provides a foundation for future research efforts aimed at elucidating the full therapeutic potential of Argemone mexicana in liver health and cancer management.

Argemone Mexicana is a Plant with Anti-Cancer & Anti-Inflammatory Properties. A Review of its Traditional uses & Scientific Evidence

Argemonea Mexicana, generally known as the Mexican prickly poppy of the family Papavaraceae, is a plant that's well known for its medicinal quality. The plant is set up in tropical regions and is used in Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathic drug practies, Each part of the plant contains bioactive composites that help in treating a variety of affections similar as' HIV', malaria, ringworm infection, fungal Infections & cancer. The plant has been studied in vivo & in vitro the results have been positive. The Plant also contains composites like berberine, argemonine & protopine, which are known for their restorative action. It's considerably used traditionally for the treatment of multitudinous conditions.Aregmone Mexicana is reported to have antimicrobial exertion, crack mending capacity in rats, larvicidal and chemosterilant exertion, and Nematicidal & allelopathic eventuality. In Mexico Infusion of the upstanding part of the plant is used as hypoglycemic. Chemical disquisition of the plant has revealed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, phenolics, & adipose acids. The upstanding corridor of the plant contain" Isoquinoline" and" Benzylisoquinoline ” alkaloids. Medicinal plant are extensively used in the treatment of habitual conditions, metabolic conditions, and cancer. Argemone Mexicana L.(A. mexicana), substantially set up in the remains of Marathwada( Maharashtra, India), has been used in the treatment of speech diseases. In this research, cold water, and methanolic extricates were arranged from the Argemone mexicana stem and taken off. These extricates were tried for their antifungal and anticancer exercises. The antifungal action was tried exercising the Agar well dispersion strategy, whereas the anticancer motion against eternalized cell lines was examined by the Erythrosin blue experiment.

Modelling the current and future agro-ecological distribution potential of Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana L.) invasive alien plant species in South Wollo, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Argemone mexicana L. is an invasive alien plant species (IAPS) that belongs to Papaveraceae family. This study aimed to identify and map its current and future (2050 and 2070) potential distribution in South Wollo, Ethiopia. Eight Kebeles were selected using a stratified random sampling method that covered two agro-ecologies ranging 1500–3200masl for species presence data collection and 204 presences data were used for modelling. Climate, topography, and land use land cover change (LUCC) variables were used to build the species distribution model (SDM). An ensemble SDM model was run consisting of five algorithms into one single model. The area under the curve (AUC) and true skill statics (TSS) of the ensemble SDM score values of 0.89 and 0.7, respectively. The predicted result on its agro-ecological distribution showed 76.75% was non-suitable and 23.26% was suitable in varied extents, currently. Suitability will be increased after LUCC and climate change except the SSP5–8.5 2070 emission scenario. It will be highest under SSP1–2.6, 2050, and SSP2–4.5, 2070 emission scenarios possessing 28.67% and 28% suitability class, respectively. A. mexicana distributed in the mid and highland agro-ecologies from 1500–3200masl both in current and future time period. It urges effective coordination among actors to minimize its distribution potential.

Density, biomass, and fruit and seed production potential of Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana L.) invasive alien plant species under different land uses and agroecology in South Wollo, Ethiopia

Density, biomass, and fruit and seed production potential of Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana L.) invasive alien plant species under different land uses and agroecology in South Wollo, Ethiopia

Argemone ochroleuca Phytochemicals and Allelopathic Effect of Their Extracts on Germination of Soybean

Soybean is a high-value food source, and the invasive weeds Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone ochroleuca) could release allelochemicals that inhibit the growth of this crop. The impact of A. ochroleuca on the germination and growth of soybean is not well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the TLC profiles of different extracts of A. ochroleuca and assess the effects of extracts on the germination of soybean seeds. Shoots and roots of A. ochroleuca were weighed and 100 g of each was separately extracted with 1000 mL deionized water, hexane or acetone. Ten concentrations of water extracts ranging from 10 to 100 mL per 100 mL of deionized water and three concentrations of acetone and hexane extracts ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 g/L were separately used for seed germination bioassays. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was used to compare the chemical profiles in the shoot and root water, and in the hexane and acetone extracts of A. ochroleuca. The highest reduction was recorded from the water extract, at 100%. The TLC profiling of A. ochroleuca addressed different classes of compounds, including alkaloids, phenolic acids and flavanoids. There is, however, a need to identify the most active phytochemicals in the suppression of germination.

Isolation of Protoplasts from Tissues of Mexican Prickly Poppy (Argemone mexicana L.): An Alkaloid-Producing Medicinal Plant.

Protoplasts are plant cells from which the pectocellulosic cell wall has been removed, thus keeping the plasma membrane intact. For plant secondary metabolites research, this system is a powerful tool to study the metabolites' dynamics inside the cells, such as the subcellular localization of proteins, characterization of gene function, transcription factors involved in metabolite pathways, protein transport machinery, and to perform single-cell omics studies. Due to its lack of a cell wall, better images of the interior of the cell can be obtained compared to the whole tissue. This allows the identification of specific cell types involved in the accumulation of specialized metabolites, such as alkaloids, given their autofluorescence properties. Here is a simplified protocol to obtain protoplasts from leaves and in vitro cell cultures from Argemone mexicana, which produces the pharmacologically important alkaloids berberine and sanguinarine.

Evaluation of morpho-physiological and biochemical indicators of salinity stress in Argemone mexicana L., medicinal plant from Papaveraceae

Abstract Plant growth is significantly impacted by abiotic stress factors including soil salinity and plants do have different mechanism to nullify the effect of these stresses. The current study is to understand the various physio-biochemical characteristics of Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana L.), a medicinally valued species belongs to poppy family under different saline conditions (0 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM and 300 mM) to investigate the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance. The results showed that salinity caused a negative impact on number of leaves, stomatal index and chlorophyll content in plants. Decreased chlorophyll content suggests a decline in photosynthetic rate. The concentrations of stress specific amino acid proline, soluble sugar sucrose, and secondary metabolite phenol were increased in plants treated with increasing concentrations of NaCl solution. Sucrose helps to protect the isolated chloroplast from damage caused by salinity stress. The degree of bleaching seen in the leaf disc assay was an indication of the damage caused by stress. These findings indicated that higher proline, sugar, and phenol content could be the key factors, which offer advantage to Argemone under saline conditions.

Induction of apoptosis in A431 cells via ROS generation and p53-mediated pathway by chloroform fraction of Argemone mexicana (Pepaveraceae).

Argemone mexicana(Pepaveraceae) is an important medicinal plant commonly known as 'maxican prickly poppy' and is traditionally used to treat skin diseases. In the present study, the extract/fractions of aerial parts of A. mexicana after carrying out the organoleptic characteristics were sequentially extracted with the solvents of increasing polarities. Total fractions were examined for their radical scavenging activities in DPPH and DNA nicking assays. Among all, maximum antioxidant activity was shown by chloroform fraction (AmC) in DPPH assay with IC50 of 26.12 μg/ml, and DNA nicking assay showed 80.91% protective potential. The AmC fraction was analyzed for its antibacterial, cytotoxic potential, cell cycle analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using A431 cell line. The AmC fraction exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against bacterial strains in the order Klebsiella pneumoniae> Bacillussubtilis> Salmonella typhi> Staphylococcus epidermidis. The cytotoxic potential of the AmC fraction was analyzed in skin epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells, osteosarcoma (MG-63) and cervical (HeLa) cell lines with a GI50 value of 47.04 μg/ml, 91.46 μg/ml and 102.90 μg/ml, respectively. The AmC fraction was extended further to explore its role in cell death using A431 cell line. Phase contrast and scanning electron microscopic studies on A431 cells exhibited all the characteristics indicative of apoptosis, viz., viability loss, cell shrinkage, cell rounding-off, DNA fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies. Flow cytometric analysis revealed enhanced ROS level, decreased MMP and arrest cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase further strengthened cell death by apoptosis. Increased expressions of apoptotic markers (p53, PUMA, cyt c, Fas and Apaf-1) were confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. Furthermore, the AmC fraction was subjected to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed the presence of different polyphenols in the order: caffeic acid> epicatechin> kaempferol> chlorogenic acid> gallic acid> catechin> ellagic acid >umbeliferone> quercetin> coumaric acid. A critical analysis of results revealed that the AmC fraction induced cell death in epidermoid carcinoma cells via ROS and p53-mediated apoptotic pathway which may be ascribed to the presence of polyphenols in it.

A PANORAMIC VIEW ON ARGEMONE MEXICANA: ITS MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL POTENTIALS.

Argemone mexicana, a prickly plant commonly called as prickly poppy is found in sub tropical regions and is well known for its medicinal properties. Its potential as a medicinal plant has been practiced traditionally and been prescribed as medicines by Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathic practices since several years. Each part of plant posses bio active compounds that help in curing ailments like HIV, malaria, ring worm infections, fungal infections, cancer etc. These activities have been studied in vivo and in vitro set up and results have been obtained in favor. Further, phytochemical evaluation has unveiled the presence of compounds like berberine, argemonine, protopine etc, which show curative actions and could be used for treatment of diseases with future preception. This review is a sum up of all literature available through the internet and was searched using keywords ‘Argemone mexicana’, ‘phytochemical importance of Argemone’ and many other exclusive words with respect to different activities scanned for reviewing. The references provided in the papers were also given a thorough look and retrieved the respected data from them too. ‘Scopus’, ‘Pubmed’, ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Research Gate’ were used to search for the relevant papers through different journals available. The literature has then been framed in a way with up gradation about Argemone mexicana and its promising affects seen with the potential of the plant which is still undiscovered but could be utilized as curative methods

Characterizing the cytotoxic effects and several antimicrobial phytocompounds of Argemone mexicana.

Commonly called the Mexican prickly poppy, Argemone mexicana is a stress-resistant member of the Papaveraceae family of plants that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries by indigenous communities in Mexico and Western parts of the United States. This plant has been exploited to treat a wide variety of ailments, with reported antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, as well as cytotoxic effects against some human cancer cell lines. Due to its various therapeutic uses and its abundance of secondary metabolites, A. mexicana has great potential as a drug discovery candidate. Herein, the germination conditions of A. mexicana are described and the cytotoxic activities of different parts (seeds, leaves, inner vs. outer roots) of the plant from methanol or hexane extracts are preliminarily characterized against cells of seven unique organisms. When comparing 1 mg of each sample normalized to background solvent alone, A. mexicana methanol outer root and leaf extracts possessed the strongest antimicrobial activity, with greatest effects against the Gram-positive bacteria tested, and less activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and fungi tested. Additionally, using the MTT colorimetric assay, the outer root methanol and seed hexane extracts displayed pronounced inhibitory effects against human colon cancer cells. Quantification of c-MYC (oncogene) and APC (tumor suppressor) mRNA levels help elucidate how the A. mexicana root methanol extract may be affecting colon cancer cells. After ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the root and leaf methanol fractions, two main antibacterial compounds, chelerythrine and berberine, have been identified. The roots were found to possess both phytocompounds, while the leaf lacked chelerythrine. These data highlight the importance of plants as an invaluable pharmaceutical resource at a time when antimicrobial and anticancer drug discovery has plateaued.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the prickly blue poppy Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. & Thomson (Ranunculales: Papaveraceae)

The prickly blue poppy (Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. & Thomson) is a traditional Tibetan medicinal herb with high values. In this study, its chloroplast genome was determined to be 153,761 bp in length with an A + T-biased base composition, and comprises a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,030 bp), separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region (83,803 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (17,898 bp). A total of 113 gene species were annotated, with 20 of them being completely or partially duplicated and 18 of them harboring one or two introns. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that M. horridula is closely related to Meconopsis racemosa Maxim.

Studies on phytoconstituents, In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of Argemone mexicana Linn. (Family: Papaveraceae)

Background: The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity of Argemone mexicana. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts of the whole plant A. mexicana were screened for phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated through 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl -hydrazyl-hydrate, and ferric reduction activity potential assays. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined. Cytotoxic properties of the extracts were studied using the cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7, and HCT-15 through cell viability and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extracts contained phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The aqueous and solvent extracts of the whole plant exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro and antibacterial activity against the tested human pathogenic bacteria. The crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Phytoconstituents from the crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited higher antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities than earlier reported annotations.

Combined Studies on Aloe Vera and Argemone mexicana for the Management of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition, which results in the body attacking itself. It occurs in the age group of 30 years to ≥ 65 years. More than 100 million individuals around the world are affected with this disease. The main objective of this study is to provide patients with more effective and safer treatment to this disease. More than 10 million cases per year in India are being recorded. Around 15% of cases emerge before the age of 10 years. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells known as T cells mistakenly attack the skin cells. Around 80% of people have mild psoriasis, and the other 20% have moderate to severe psoriasis. There are different types of psoriasis they are Plaque psoriasis occurs in about 80-90% of people, it appears as raised, inflamed, red lesions, covered by a silvery, white scales, usually on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. Inverse psoriasis appears in the different parts like armpits, the groin, under the breasts, and in other skin folds such as the buttocks and around the genitals. Aloe vera originates from the Arabian Peninsula, but grows wild in tropical, semi-tropical, and arid climates around the world. It is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. The species is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant also used for herbal medicine and cosmetic products. Argemone Mexicana (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world.

First Report of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Biotype Q) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Dominican Republic

MED was detected for the first time in the Dominican Republic from 2 provinces (Santo Domingo and Santiago), 2 host plants (tomato and tobacco), and 2 environments (greenhouse and open field). All MED sequences were identical and determined to be of Eastern Mediterranean origin. MEAM1 was the predominant B. tabaci cryptic species present, and was detected in all but 1 sample, which was 100% MED. NW was detected twice on eggplant in different geographical regions, and once on Mexican prickly poppy in a native habitat, but always with MEAM1.

A Case Series of Ten Patients of Epidemic Dropsy June 2018 in a Tertiary Care Centre: Epidemic dropsy

Epidemic dropsy (ED) occurs because of intoxication with alkaloid sanguinarine of Argemone Mexicana, the Prickly Poppy. Here we report a case series of ten patients, belonging to the same family, residents of a northern district in Uttar Pradesh, India. All of these admitted in June 2018 with pallor and erythematous bilateral pedal edema. Our aim to report all these cases is to create awareness among people and to tell the importance of this malady, although it is illegal to sell mustard oil un-bottled in our country India. &nbsp

Ethnopharmacological Studies of Argemone Mexicana for the Management of Psoriasis Followed By Molecular Techniques: Focus on Plant Metabolomics & Mechanism of Action

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition which results in the body attacking itself. It occurs in the age group of 14 to ≥ 65 years. The average age is 28 years. More than 10 million cases per year in India are being recorded. Around 15% of cases emerge before the age of 10 years. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells known as T cells mistakenly attack the skin cells. Around 80% of people have mild psoriasis, and the other 20% have moderate to severe psoriasis. There are different types of psoriasis they are Plaque psoriasis occurs in about 80-90% of people, it appears as raised, inflamed, red lesions, covered by a silvery, white scales, usually on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. Inverse psoriasis appears in the different parts like armpits, the groin, under the breasts, and in other skin folds such as the buttocks and around the genitals. Argemone Mexicana (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant as it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. The flower has bright yellow latex, and though poisonous to grazing animals and is rarely eaten, but has been used medicinally by many people including those in its native area, the Natives of the western US, parts of Mexico and in Whole part of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, etc.

Intraspecific and interspecific variation in prickly poppy resistance to non-native generalist caterpillars

Background: Prickly poppies (genus Argemone , Papaveraceae) epitomize well-defended plants. With high prickle densities and exudation of bright yellow latex from glaucous leaves, there are few reports of herbivore damage on these plants. Yet, little ecological work has examined within-plant or among-species variation in levels of anti-herbivore defenses in prickly poppies.Questions: Are prickly poppies well defended against generalist herbivores? Does chemical defense vary within prickly poppy plants in a pattern consistent with optimal defense theory?Species study: Argemone glauca, A. mexicana , A. ochroleuca, A. platyceras were examined in bioassays using generalist caterpillars, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel and Chrysodeixis eriosoma Doubleday (Noctuidae).Study sites and dates: Seeds were collected from field populations in Mexico (2015) and Hawaii (2011); experiment was conducted at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Fall 2015.Methods: Using a pair of no-choice bioassays, variation in the quality of whole-leaf and chemical extract infused artificial diets for caterpillar development was assessed.Results: Survivorship was lowest on the control lettuce diet, and varied little between poppy diets although pupal mass was marginally lower for caterpillars reared on A. platyceras than A. ochroleuca . Isolating the effects of plant chemistry, C. eriosoma performance was most strongly reduced by seed extracts, with an extension in pupal development time by one week compared to herbivores reared on other diets, as well as a significant reduction in mean adult mass.Conclusions: These results are consistent with optimal defense theory, reflecting greater allocation of defense in tissues of high fitness value ( i.e., seeds). Future work with native herbivores, chemical analyses, and investigations into alternative functions for these plant traits would shed new light on this interesting group of plants.

Effect of Argemone mexicana active principles on inhibiting viral multiplication and stimulating immune system in Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot syndrome virus

Argemone mexicana called as Mexican prickly poppy is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world with broad range of bioactivities including anthelmintic, cures lepsory, skin-diseases, inflammations and bilious fevers. Plant parts of A. mexicana were serially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and performed antiviral and immunostimulant screening against WSSV and Vibrio harveyi respectively. The control groups succumbed to death 100% within three days, whereas the mortality was significantly (P < 0.5) reduced to 17.43 and 7.11 in the ethyl acetate extracts of stem and root treated shrimp group respectively. The same trend was reflected in the immunostimulant screening also. Different diets were prepared by the concentrations of 100 (AD-1), 200 (AD-2), 300 (AD-3) and 400 (AD-4) mg kg−1 using A. mexicana stem and root ethyl acetate extracts and fed to Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei weighed about 9.0 ± 0.5 g for 30 days. The control groups fed with the normal diets devoid of A. mexicana extracts. The antiviral screening results revealed that, the ethyl acetate extract of the stem and root were effectively suppressed the WSSV and it reflected in the lowest cumulative mortality of treated shrimps. After termination of feeding trials, group of shrimps from control and each experimental group were challenged with virulent WSSV by intramuscular (IM) injection and studied cumulative mortality, molecular diagnosis by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters. Control group succumbed to 100% death within four days, whereas the survival was significantly (P < 0.001) increased to 30, 45, 75 and 79% in AD1, AD-2, AD-4 and AD-5 diets fed shrimp groups respectively. qRT PCR results with positive correlation analysis revealed that, the WSSV copies were gradually decreased when increasing the A. mexicana extracts in the diets. The highest concentrations (300 and 400 mg g−1) of A. mexicana extracts in the diets helped to reduce the protein level significantly (P < 0.05) after WSSV challenge. The diets AD-3 and AD-4 also helped to decrease the coagulation time of maximum 64–67% from control groups and maintained the normal level of total haemocyte, oxyhaemocyanin level after WSSV challenge. The proPO level was significantly increased (Column: F = 35.93; P ≤ 0.001 and Row: F = 37.14; P ≤ 0.001) in the AD1-AD-4 diet fed groups from the control diet fed groups. The lowest intra-agar lysozyme activity of 1.63 mm found in control diet fed group and the activity were significantly (P < 0.05) increased to 4.86, 7.89, 9.12 and 10.45 mm of zone of inhibition respectively in AD1 to AD4 diet fed groups.

Infrared Spectrum and Sites of Action of Sanguinarine by Molecular Mechanics and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;ab initio&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Methods

Alkaloids occupy an important position in chemistry and pharmacology. Among the various alkaloids, berberine and coralyne of the protoberberine group, sanguinarine of the benzophenanthridine group, and aristololactam-b -d-glucoside of the aristolochia group have potential to form molecular complexes with nucleic acid structures and have attracted recent attention for their prospective clinical and pharmacological utility. Sanguinarine is an alkaloid studied in the treatment of cancer cell proliferation. Found in several plants, is used in traditional medicine from several countries with Mexico and India in the natural treatment of wounds, conjunctivitis and as hallucinogen. Is a toxic quaternary ammonium salt from the group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. It is extracted from some plants, including bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana Linn) Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata. It is also found in the root, stem and leaves of the opium poppy but not in the capsule. Sanguinarine is a toxin that kills animal cells through its action on the Na+-K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. Due to the diverse properties of this alkaloid, via computational methods was made using quantum chemistry to try to clarify some molecular properties that characterize its main sites of action as a drug. A study was made on a molecular structure of the sanguinarine, by Molecular Mechanics, PM3, Hartree-Fock, Density Functional Theory and Moller-Plesset. For calculations a cluster of six computers was used with Prescott-256 Celeron© D processors. The first principles calculations have been performed to study the equilibrium configuration of Sanguinarine molecule. Several physical properties have been calculated, including formation enthalpies, entropies, dipole moments, and the infrared emission/absorption spectrum. The results showed that the main site of molecular interaction was determined to be the hydrogen atoms. This has a strong antioxidant potential in its structure. It probably interacts with free radicals reducing their carcinogenic effect on cells. A study of the infrared spectrum complemented the paper. Absorption peaks in the infrared spectrum at 1000 cm-1, for calculation MP2/6-31G and, 1240 and 1450 cm-1 for B3LYP/6-311G ** were obtained. The MP2 and B3LYP methods showed good results for the infrared absorption spectrum. Although the base used in the MP2 method is less accurate, compared to the B3LYP whose base xxx has more accurate and broader functionalities, they are approximately equal for frequency peaks located in the 1060.6 cm-1 and 991.1 cm-1 range.

A Review on Argemone Mexicana

Argemone mexicana Linn belonging to family papaveraceae is widely distributed plant in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world.In India, It is found on road sides, across fields and water bodies. It consists of root, flowers & leaves. It is also called as Mexican Poppy. The present article reviews the morphological, microscopical characters, phyto chemical and pharmacological studies on the plant and determines a scientific base for novel study for future research to establish toxin free response of plant or its phyto constituents.