Product Price Research Articles

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Lelang Barang Bekas

This research aims to determine the influence of product quality and price on purchasing decisions at used goods auctions. The method in this research uses quantitative methods with a survey approach as the research design. The research population was all auction participants in Bekasi City, totaling 40 auction participants. The sampling technique is a saturated sampling method so that all members of the population are used as samples. Data collection in this research was carried out through the use of a questionnaire. For data analysis, various tests were carried out, including data quality tests (which include validity and reliability tests), classical assumption tests, and the application of multiple linear regression techniques, including the coefficient of determination test. The research results show that simultaneously and partially there is a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions.

The Influence of Iconnet Product Personal Selling on the Purchase Interest of Housing Residents in Medan City

This study aims to analyze the influence of ICONNET product personal selling on the purchase interest of housing residents in Medan City. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 150 respondents who are housing residents in Medan City. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to test the influence of personal selling on purchase interest. The results of the study indicate that personal selling has a positive and significant influence on the purchase interest of housing residents. Effective personal selling increases consumer purchase interest in ICONNET products. These findings have implications for marketing management that personal selling strategies can be an effective tool to boost sales, particularly in the telecommunications industry in residential areas. Recommendations for future research include adding other variables such as product quality and price to see their effects on purchase interest more comprehensively.

A Multi-Model Output Fusion Strategy Based on Various Machine Learning Techniques for Product Price Prediction

In the digital era, precise product price prediction becomes crucial for enhancing competitiveness in the online marketplace. This paper presents a hybrid model framework that enhances the accuracy of online product price predictions by integrating several machine learning algorithms, including Linear Regression, Decision Trees, and Gradient Boosting. The objective of this approach is to leverage the distinct advantages of each model to address their individual limitations and create a robust unified predictive model. This integration allows for improved handling of complex data relationships and diverse market dynamics that are typical in online sales environments. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model achieves superior prediction accuracy, as reflected in reduced Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metrics, and an exceptionally high R ² value compared to single-model approaches. These outcomes underscore the efficacy of combining multiple predictive models to enhance the precision of price forecasts in the highly competitive online marketplace. This model fusion strategy not only provides more accurate pricing predictions but also offers strategic insights into the optimal pricing strategies for businesses looking to enhance their market position.

Pemanfaatan Chi Square dan Ensemble Tree Classifier pada Model SVM, KNN dan C4.5 dalam Penjualan Online

This research aims to assist MSMEs in overcoming problems in online sales. Currently, sellers only prepare stock without knowing how well the products are sold in their market segment. In the city of Tangerang alone, there are 222,602 MSMEs with various product categories. Therefore, besides utilizing offline sales, business actors should also engage in online sales. This research conducts feature selection using the Chi-Square method and Ensemble Tree Classifier to select the top 6 and 10 features. The SVM, KNN, and C4.5 algorithms are used to build prediction models based on the selected features. Using feature selection, it was found that the influential features are Estimated Shipping Cost, Shipping Cost Paid by Buyer, Total Product Price, and Estimated Shipping Cost Discount. The evaluation results using the three algorithms, SVM, KNN, and C4.5, indicate that the highest accuracy value is obtained when using the C4.5 model with data from the ensemble tree classifier with 6 features at 0.86%, followed by the C4.5 model with 10 features, KNN with 6 features, and KNN with 10 features, all of which source data from the ensemble tree classifier with an accuracy value of 0.85%.

Higher cost of gluten-free products compared to gluten-containing equivalents is mainly attributed to staple foods.

The high cost of gluten-free products (GFPs) is being discussed as a potential barrier to adherence to a gluten-free diet, rendering monitoring of their pricing an ongoing demand in a market subject to continuous fluctuations. The current study aimed to assess the current pricing status of GFPs in the Greek retail market, with a focus on differences between staple and non-staple foods. The retail price and packaging weight of all available GFPs and their gluten-containing (GCPs) counterparts of a GFP-shopping basket (formulated based on the results of a preceding online survey) were recorded by visiting one store of the five most popular reported supermarket chains. The food categories were grouped into staple (e.g. breads, pasta and flours) and non-staple (e.g. chips, sweets and sauces) foods. Adjusting for supermarket chain and product type, a quantile mixed regression model was applied to assess the extent to which median product price (per 100 g) differed between GFPs and GCPs. The unique products recorded were 1058 (of which 408 GFPs), with a total of 2165 retail price recordings. While the overall median price/100 g of GFPs was not found to be significantly different from that of GCPs, the median price of staple GFPs was estimated to be higher than staple GCPs (+€1.03 [95% CI: €0.93; €1.13] per 100 g), whilst that of non-staple GFPs was slightly lower (-€0.20 [95% CI: -€0.37; -€0.02] per 100 g). In conclusion, the persisting higher cost of staple GFPs suggests the need for ongoing financial support for people with coeliac disease.

SERVICE QUALITY AND CONSUMER PATRONAGE IN ROBAN STORES, AWKA ANAMBRA STATE-NIGERIA: CONTENT ANALYSIS

<p>This study explores the relationship between service quality and consumer patronage at Roban Stores, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, employing a qualitative research approach through content analysis. Service quality is conceptualized as the provider's ability to meet customer expectations and enhance business performance through dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Consumer patronage is defined as the consistent preference of consumers to repeatedly choose a particular firm's products or services over competitors', influenced by factors including product quality, price competitiveness, customer service, and overall satisfaction. The study investigates these dynamics at Roban Stores, high lighting factors such as quality products, competitive pricing, excellent customer service, strategic location, diverse product offerings, promotional activities, store ambiance, word-of-mouth, loyalty programs, and social media presence as crucial in shaping consumer perceptions and fostering patronage. Findings underscore the significance of managing service quality to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty, recommending strategies for continuous improvement to sustain competitive advantage in the retail market.</p>

Marketing Strategies and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Ikare Akoko Ondo State

Marketing strategies has been a functional desire and a method for attaining all-inclusive business success. This paper examined effect of marketing strategies on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Ikare Akoko. A descriptive research design was employed. Sample size of 350 was drawn from a population of 2825 which comprised selected registered SMEs owners in Ikare Akoko. Multiple Regression Technique was used to test research hypothesis. The findings obtained revealed that marketing strategy (promotion marketing strategy, price marketing strategy, place marketing strategy, and product marketing strategy) significantly influence performance of SMEs in Ikare Akoko. The research concluded that marketing strategy (product strategies, promotion strategies, price strategies and place strategies) have a significant and positive impact on performance of SMEs in Ikare Akoko. Hence, the paper recommended that SMEs in Nigeria should establish varieties of quality products with new features and design. This will increase many customers to patronize their products. They should also charge equitable price, position suitably to the final consumers. More so, Management of the SMEs in Ikare Akoko should ensure that they increase effort in product advertisement in order to enhance promotional strategy in the organisation. Finally, SMEs should continually ensure goods and services produced reach final consumers or users by locating convenient place for their varieties products. Keywords: Marketing Strategies, Performance, Price Strategies, Promotion Strategies, SMEs,

Financial Analysis of Apple's Product Pricing Strategy

Abstract: Due to the rise of other domestic mobile phone brands, iPhone updates have slowed down and become less attractive to consumers, resulting in excess iPhone inventory. In response to this situation, in early 2024, Apple began to implement a price reduction strategy, and the price of Apple's iPhone dropped significantly. Given this phenomenon, this paper studies the financial status of Apple in the past three years, including profitability, operating ability and debt-paying ability, and puts forward the problems of Apple's declining cash flow ability in recent years, weakening short-term debt-paying ability, and unsalable inventory products. However, gross profit margin increased slightly and net profit margin on sales was also little changed. Finally, the paper analyzes the reasons for the sharp price reduction of the iPhone and puts forward some suggestions for Apple's future development, such as strengthening product innovation, promoting old products, and reducing the backlog of old products.

The Influence of a Regional Public Brand on Consumers’ Purchase Intention and Behavior Toward Eco-Agricultural Products: A Chinese National Park Case

Transforming ecological value into economic value is an important challenge regarding China’s protected natural areas. The key strategy is to develop a regional public brand and increase the premium of eco-products. A brand–quality–price model was proposed to analyze the factors influencing consumers’ purchase intention and behavior toward eco-agricultural products from China’s protected natural areas. The data came from a questionnaire survey sample of 300 consumers in Zhejiang Province. The results show that there is a gap between purchase intention and actual behavior: (1) For purchase intention, brand awareness, brand trust, perceived quality, and perceived price had significant positive influences. (2) For purchase behavior, brand awareness, and purchase intention had direct impacts. However, brand trust did not directly affect behavior. (3) Age, monthly income, and marital status had significant effects on purchase intention and behavior. However, purchase intention and behavior were not affected by gender, and the educational level had significant effects on purchase intention but had no significant effects on purchase behavior. (4) Consumers were willing to pay 17.13% more than the price of the ordinary products. This study provides important references for brand development and valuable experience for establishing ecological product value realization mechanisms in other protected natural areas.

A novel integrated prediction method using adaptive mode decomposition, attention mechanism and deep learning for coking products prices

Accurate prediction of coking product prices is crucial for enhancing production efficiency, cost optimization, and profit maximization in smart coking facilities. To address the volatility caused by nonlinear factors such as raw material costs, substitutes, macroeconomic indicators, sudden events, policy changes, and market behaviors, we propose a novel integrated prediction method for coking product price prediction. This method combines Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) for signal decomposition, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for natural language processing, attention mechanisms (AT) to weigh feature importance, and an ensemble of Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, and Gated Recurrent Unit, abbreviated BBG, for robust feature extraction. We design a feature selection strategy to avoid data leakage and improve the predictive ability of the model, and describe a method to maintain textual data information integrity when combining data from different sources. Experimental results on coke and methanol datasets show that our approach retains multi-source text richness improves predictive capability, and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, providing an effective tool for developing smart coke plants.

Developing a robust indicator to evaluate circular economy through reuse strategy: A case study of using water treatment sludge as a coagulant for dewatering of iron ore tailings slurry

Due to the lack of tools, which are simple enough to assess the reuse strategy in the concept of circular economy (CE), in the present paper, reuse efficiency index (REI) was introduced as a new indicator, inspired by previously developed indexes, namely circular economy index (CEI) and value-based resource efficiency (VRE). The REI, as a measure of economic efficiency of reuse strategy, is the ratio of the net value obtained from the reuse of end of life (EOL) product instead of using a new product over the value of materials and energy inputs required to reproduce the EOL product. To calculate REI for any specific EOL product, information regarding mass, physicochemical properties and operational data on the consumption of energy, which are mainly available in the financial archives of companies, is crucial and the market price of EOL product must also be predicted. In another part of the study, the reuse of ferric chloride-based water treatment sludge (FCS) as a coagulant, instead of using high cost polymeric coagulant, for iron ore tailings slurry dewatering was evaluated through REI. The results showed that depending on the market prices of energy and materials as well as the iron (FeCl3) content in the FCS, the REI could vary between 0.51 and 1.04, corresponding to 51–104% added value. Overall, REI is based on accessible information and its simplicity and comprehensibility makes it applicable for managers and policymakers to invest and create technologies for reaching closed-loop cycles in the concept of CE through reuse action.

State of Food and Nutritional Security of Urban Households in Grand Lome: Approach by Measuring Household Indicators.

In West Africa, the number of people facing food crises increases each year in both rural and urban areas, due to interdependent factors. The city of Grand Lome in Togo faces an increasingly large population that must ensure access to food, which it hardly produces anymore, because of the establishment of housing and infrastructure. In addition, the increase in the price of food products in this city further weakens the purchasing power of city dwellers in the context of poverty. The objective of this article is to determine the state of food and nutritional security of households in Grand Lome. The methodology adopted is based on documentary research and field surveys. A total of 310 households were interviewed on questions allowing the construction of indicators of food and nutritional security. The results show that despite the availability of food in urban markets, the food situation of households in Grand Lome is not very good. Nearly 49% of households do not have good dietary diversity, and 48% have adopted stress and crisis strategies to access food. Similarly, in Grand Lome, the prevalence of global acute malnutrition is 2.6% of children under 59 months.

Attitudes and preferences of the Chinese public towards products made from recycled materials: A text mining approach

Products made from recycled materials, as an environmentally friendly option, have attracted public attention. Understanding public attitudes and preferences towards such products is crucial for their market development. In order to explore the Chinese residents’ attitude and emotional tendency, we analyzed public discussions and topics on products made from recycled materials from Sina Weibo. Meanwhile, LDA and BERT deep learning models were employed to assess the level of public attention, hot topics, and sentiment tendencies in China. Results show a significant upward trend in public interest in products made from recycled materials. Although the fact that most people have a positive attitude towards the environmental concept of products made from recycled materials and support such products, there is not a significant demand for products made from recycled materials, i.e., there is a green attitude-behaviour gap. Results further reveal that factors such as the price of products made from recycled materials, branding, and public skepticism about the sustainability of the products are the main reasons for the gap between environmental awareness and consumer behaviour. By analyzing the public's cognitive structure and psychological characteristics regarding products made from recycled materials through social media data, this paper can help recycling manufacturers understand consumers' needs and expectations, as well as assist policymakers in formulating better circular economy policies.

Pricing policies of dual-channel green supply chain: considering manufacturers’ dual behavioural preferences and government subsidies

As the green economy and e-commerce evolve, some manufacturers begin to engage in green production and use online direct channels to enhance competitiveness. However, the additional cost of green production makes manufacturers often show dual behavioural preferences of fairness concern and risk aversion when making decisions. Based on this, this study constructs the optimal pricing model of a dual-channel green supply chain, considering dual behavioural preferences of manufacturers’ fairness concern and risk aversion. In addition, no government subsidy, government research and development cost subsidy and green degree subsidy are also considered. This paper uses the Stackelberg game to find the optimal solution for the model. The findings illustrate that (1) Government subsidy mechanisms cannot coordinate the effects of manufacturers’ dual behavioural preferences on pricing policies of a dual-channel green supply chain. (2) Under the three different government subsidy conditions, manufacturers’ fairness concern and risk aversion will all reduce the green degree of products and online direct price of products. (3) The government research and development cost subsidy and green degree subsidy can both improve the green degree of products, offline retail price, market demand and members’ expected profits.

A New Framework for Food Catering Price Determination

This article aims to propose a reasonable quantitative (mathematical) expressions for the price calculation of food-manufacturing products. Little research has been conducted on the validity of food product pricing; thus we have identified a need for a thorough, systematic investigation in this area. The suggested three methods are also applicable for developing the artificial intelligence system to solve raw food material (resources) quantity management and other inventory issues in collaboration with the food suppliers. We consider the option of an appropriate pricing strategy in the profit-making catering and other food production firms to be a relevant scientific issue, which we have have addressed and proposed solutions for in this article. By analyzing different scientific assumptions and attitudes, informed quantitative decisions were made. We also developed and described quantitative expressions for determining the price of food products using mathematical formulas. Also, we found that a simple three-digit rule, based on logic and proportional modeling of actions, as the main instrument is the most effective approach for formulating these pricing models. Original and innovative mathematical methods for the price accounting of food production have been created and explained. We have also explained how each of the three suggested methods works, along with their advantages and disadvantages in certain situations. Using these recommended methods of pricing will allow food companies to achieve more appropriate commercial results and to make less expenditure for decisions regarding the pricing of food products. In the article, we explained how to calculate the prices of food and catering companies using simple math. The application of any of the three mentioned techniques regarding existing circumstance will enable food production companies to ensure a straightforward yet accurate determination of the product price that aligns with the current situation.

Reuse of Textile Waste: Products Presentation and User Acceptance Analysis

Objective: This research evaluateded the potential use of clothing produced from textile waste generated. In addition to showcasing products made from reused materials, the study investigated the public's knowledge of these practices and assessed consumer acceptance. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. The discussion on sustainability and the brazilian panorama of textile waste stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The research was descriptive and predominantly quantitative. Data were collected using a questionnaire answered by 215 people. Results and Discussion: It was noted that clothing made from textile waste is well accepted by society. However, the difficulty in finding these items and the price of products represent a challenge for many people. Although many participants said they were aware of the possibility of making garments from this waste, many did not know how to identify the origin of the waste. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of textile waste utilization. These implications may cover areas such as waste management and the development of the brazilian economy. Originality/Value: The adoption of alternatives for using textile waste is extremely important. Although there are already people working in this segment, its market share is still small. These issues affirm the relevance of this research for strengthening this segment.

Cooperation mode selection strategies in platform ecosystems: analyzing brand value, cross-selling, and platform empowerment

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the vertical cooperative relationship between the core enterprise and the manufacturer within the platform ecosystem, specifically analyzing the optimal decision-making processes of both parties under the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and original brand manufacturer (OBM) modes. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses game theory to analyze the problem, considering factors such as brand value difference, cross-selling and platform empowerment. It constructs the game models for both OEM and OBM modes and discusses the selection strategies for the cooperation mode. Findings The results indicate that the choice of cooperation mode by the manufacturer and the core enterprise depends on the relative size of their brand values. In cases of inconsistent choices, cooperation can be improved by designing a transfer payment contract. When the brand value is constant, the product price is comprehensively affected by cross-selling revenue, price elasticity coefficient, cost coefficient of sales effort and cost coefficient of platform empowerment. The enterprise reduces the price only when the potential revenue brought by increasing product sales exceeds the marginal profit brought by increasing product pricing; otherwise, it raises the sales price. Originality/value The platform ecosystem is emerging as a future direction for business mode development. However, there is a paucity of research on the cooperation modes between manufacturers and core enterprises within the platform ecosystem.

MARKETING FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS MEDITERRANEAN MARKET OF TOURIST SERVICES

The article analyzes the system of marketing factors of the competitiveness of the Mediterranean leisure industry since the promotion of tourist services today becomes impossible without the use of modern technologies. It is noted that the digitalization of marketing communications allows for the formation of unique competitive advantages of the Mediterranean tourism industry through the use of an integrated approach to the most effective combination of classical marketing provisions and the potential of modern technologies in the competitive environment of the tourism industry. Classical marketing techniques and digital technologies offer enormous potential for maximizing tourism revenues, increasing tourism demand, improving the quality of supply and facilitating communication. The influence of marketing elements on the competitiveness of the tourism industry of the Mediterranean countries is evaluated. It has been proven that this influence is uneven and differs according to the destination and the stage of creation and provision and implementation of the tour service. This influence is observed most in the sphere of pricing in Spain and least - in the sphere of tourism product promotion in such European countries as Albania and African countries - Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Directions for the analysis of the competitiveness of destinations in the Mediterranean region are proposed, which can be carried out according to different criteria and through different perspectives, such as: customer expectations, tourist satisfaction and service value, tourist and destination motivations, branding, destination attractiveness, destination sustainability and destination value. It is emphasized that, in contrast to classical marketing, modified tourism marketing was formed as a mix that includes seven elements: tourism product, tourism product pricing, distribution of tourism services, tourism promotion, human potential, service provision process and customer service, and which to varying degrees provide competitive advantages of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. It is shown that the competitiveness of the Mediterranean tourism industry has a double structure. Its first element is the process of positioning tourist products on the market of leisure services, the second is the efficiency of the operational activities of tour operators. It has been confirmed that the drivers of the main changes in the market of tourist services of the Mediterranean that have occurred recently are the intensive introduction of information technologies in marketing activities, where the main trends in the development of the leisure industry have become the globalization of the tourist business and the dominance of Internet technologies in the system of promoting tourist services.

The Effect of Product Quality and Price on Purchase Intention of Event Package at the Apurva Kempinski Bali

The data analysis method used in this study is Multiple Linear Regression, Coefficient of Determination, t test and F test. According to the results of the study, it can be observed that product quality has a positive and significant impact on interest in buying event packages, prices have a significant positive effect on interest in buying event packages and product quality and prices, simultaneously have a significant impact on interest in buying event packages. The high impact of product quality variables and prices on buying interest in event packages is 65.2%. The input that can be conveyed by researchers is that it is hoped that The Apurva Kempinski Bali Hotel will evaluate the services provided, so that later it can provide more responsive services, evaluate the prices offered, always provide good service, maintain good product quality, and prices such as the benefits received by buyers.

Consumer Purchase Decision and Brand Image Analysis Through Product Quality and Price: Study Case Frozen Pastry in Jakarta - Indonesia

The study investigates the effects of product quality and price on the purchasing decisions of Bonpatis Danish pastry sheets, with brand image acting as a mediator. Indonesia's food and beverage industry, mainly retail, is experiencing significant growth as modern retailers like Hypermart introduce competitive products. A quantitative approach was used, applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) to data collected from 83 respondents, mainly Hypermart bakery employees in DKI Jakarta. Results indicate that product quality and price positively influence brand image and purchasing decisions. Specifically, product quality boosts brand image and directly affects purchase decisions, whereas price influences purchase decisions directly but not via brand image. The study emphasizes the role of product appearance and packaging in shaping brand perceptions and suggests improving these elements to attract more consumers. Due to a limited sample size, the study recommends future research to explore broader aspects like customer satisfaction and loyalty. Keywords: Danish pastry sheet, product quality, price, brand image, purchase decision.