Price Variables Research Articles

The Cost of Safe Injection: Insights on Nonprescription Syringe Price Variability From Systematic Secret Shopping.

Although the sale of nonprescription syringes in pharmacies is legal in most states, people who inject drugs (PWID) continue to face obstacles to syringe purchase like stigma, prohibitive costs, restrictive policies, and stocking issues. We examined the consistency of syringe pricing as another possible barrier. We analyzed data on syringe prices and other relevant variables from 153 unique secret shopper visits to 2 retail chain pharmacies in Massachusetts (MA), New Hampshire (NH), Oregon (OR), and Washington (WA) as part of the fidelity component of a large pharmacy-focused intervention study. Pretax prices from purchases made between August 2019 and May 2021 were adjusted for inflation to 2022 dollars, and a linear regression of the price of a 10-pack of syringes was constructed to examine the determinants of syringe pricing. The average real price of a 10-pack of syringes across all states was $4.53 (SD = 0.99), with wide variability between pharmacies (max = $11.44, min = $1.70) and between states (mean OR = $5.76, WA = $4.74, MA = $4.33, NH = $4.30). Forty-seven percent (n = 72) of the purchases were taxed despite syringes being tax exempt in MA and WA, and not having a sales tax in NH or OR. The results of the regression suggest that certain needle gauges were associated with lower overall prices, while 1 pharmacy chain and 2 syringe brands were associated with higher overall prices. The high variability in syringe pricing presents another barrier to pharmacy-based syringe access since high prices may leave PWID no choice but to reuse or share needles, especially in areas with limited alternatives or without a syringe service program. Leadership from healthcare systems, pharmacy chains, and state and local policymakers is essential to reduce stigma and to implement policies that streamline syringe purchases, eliminate the taxation of exempt syringes in accordance with state laws, and reduce the variation in syringe prices.

Pengaplikasian Prosedur Perhitungan untuk Menentukan Produksi Batik Tulis Madura Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Database Model Tahani

One of the subdivisions of fuzzy logic is the study of the fuzzy database with Tahani model which is described as a model used to process data searches based on operations in fuzzy set theory to obtain appropriate information so that the data search process becomes accurate. The research aims to implement the Fuzzy Database with Tahani Model in determining the appropriate variant of batik tulis with the specified criteria. The initial step of the research is fuzzification, namely determining the domain of each complete variables with intervals of numerical variables and linguistic variables. In this research some variables were used: the price of the cloth, the number of colors and the work durations. Each variable is divided based on the interval between the lowest data and the highest data so that the variable price of the cloth is divided into 4, the number of colors is 3, and the work durations is 5. Then determine the membership function, the variable price of cloth, the number of colors, and the work duration using a linear model and triangle in determining the degree of its membership. Data tabulation from strict sets to fuzzy sets with numerical variables and linguistic variables. In preparing the criteria, 60 rule bases are based on the theory of consumer needs for batik tulis. Not all rule bases occur, because the data collects only a few criteria. Determining the value of fire strength, using the AND rule means selecting the minimum degree of membership from the available. The recommendation results determine to sort the washing machine data that has the highest fire strength value to the smallest fire strength value from each criterion.

Sharia Property Business Development Strategy (Case Study: Tasnim Property)

Abstract. The Sharia property industry in Indonesia has increased exponentially in recent years. Many Association of Sharia Property Developers (ADPS) members have recorded significant home sales. However, it is different with Tasnim Property, which has experienced a decline in home sales. This research aims to analyze consumer behaviour in making home purchase decisions, analyze internal factors, analyze micro and macro external factors, formulate alternative strategies and formulate strategic priorities that can be applied to Tasnim Property's business development strategy. This research was conducted from November 2022 to September 2023 with quantitative and qualitative approaches. In consumer behaviour analysis, the sampling technique used voluntary sampling through an online survey involving 75 respondents, and data analysis used SEM-PLS to determine the direct effect of product, price, place and promotion variables on home purchase decisions. In the strategic management analysis, the sampling technique used purposive sampling involving 6 respondents. Data analysis used the IFE matrix, Porter's Five Forces, PESTLE, EFE matrix, IE matrix, SWOT and QSPM matrix. The results showed that the product and promotion variables significantly affected home purchasing decisions. In contrast, the price and place variables did not significantly affect home purchasing decisions. There are 8 alternative strategies that have been formulated, namely: (1) increasing cooperation with a large number of Sharia Property Agency partners, (2) a home sales strategy with a unit booking system through Virtual Reality technology, (3) increasing marketing activities through B2G, B2B and B2C cooperation offers, (4) recruiting professional and experienced CEOs in the property sector, (5) introducing Tasnim products by enlarging marketing areas, (6) implementing simplified licensing procedures through the OSS (Online Single Submission) application, related agencies in local governments and online PBG, (7) a strategy to buy materials directly from factories/distributors, and (8) establishing a research & development division. The priority strategy that can be recommended for Tasnim Property is to increase cooperation with many Sharia Property Agency partners. This strategy is essential for the company to increase the market share of Sharia property with more massive and vigorous marketing efforts. Keywords: Business development strategy, sharia property, strategy formulation, consumer behaviour, purchase decision

Challenges and Strategies in Digital Marketing of Microentrepreneurs During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Digital marketing plays a pivotal role in expanding products and organizations, especially amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the marketing challenges faced by microentrepreneurs and how digital marketing strategies alleviated their businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thirty-one microentrepreneurs from the City of Imus, Cavite, participated in the study, providing information as to their demographic profiles, digital marketing strategies, and challenges encountered. The researchers employed purposive sampling and utilized a descriptive-correlational method to assess the relationship between digital marketing challenges and strategies. Questionnaires were distributed to the respondents through Facebook, Messenger, and Instagram, and data were analyzed using SPSS. Findings revealed limited issues related to product demand, loss of customers to competitors, or reaching target consumers, which may be attributed to the convenience and efficiency offered by digital marketing platforms. However, microentrepreneurs need to reassess their marketing approaches to address specific difficulties such as demand fluctuations, competitive pressures, and target consumer preferences. The correlation analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between price and other variables of the study. However, a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.483) was observed between platform and promotion, indicating that increased platform utilization is associated with higher levels of promotional activities. Furthermore, while demand showed weak positive correlations with promotion (r = 0.039) and price (r = 0.150), there was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.564) between demand and competitors, suggesting that heightened competition corresponds to increased demand.

Pengaruh Sales Growth dan Struktur Modal terhadap Harga Saham Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Non-Cyclical yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2017-2022)

This research aims to determine the influence of Sales Growth and Capital Structure on Share Prices with Firm Size as a Moderating Variable in the Consumer Non-Cyclical sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2022 period. Based on the purposive sampling method, the population used in this research was 112 companies with a selected sample of 34 companies. Statistical testing uses Econometric Views 12. The results of this study show that (1) Partial sales growth does not have a significant effect on stock prices, (2) Partial capital structure has a significant effect on stock prices, (3) Partial sales growth and capital structure simultaneously has a significant effect on the Stock Price variable, (4) Firm Size is not able to moderate the influence of Sales Growth on Stock Prices, (5) Firm Size is able to moderate the relationship between the Capital Structure variable and Stock Prices.

The Impact of Tax Aggressiveness, Enterprise Value, Thin Capital, and Company Performance on Share Price on Jakarta Islamic Index Category Companies

This research is part of a continuation of previous research, namely about the Jakarta Islamic Index, but currently researchers want to know the level of influence of JII category stock prices can be influenced by Tax Aggressiveness, Company Value, Thin Capital and Company Performance of the Jakarta Islamic Index Issuers. The analysis used in this study is a Quantitative Method, with the analysis used by conducting normality tests and multiple regression tests, so that from the test results can be known the level of influence of these independent variables on the JII stock price variable. The conclusion of the study is that partially or simultaneously the variable Change in Stock Prices of issuers indexed as the Jakarta Islamic Index is positively and cynically influenced by all independent variables which include tax aggressiveness, Enterprise Value, Thin Capital and Company Performance.

Pengaruh Digital Marketing, Brand Image, dan Price Terhadap Keputusan Masyarakat dalam Memilih Produk Umroh pada PT. Mahabbah Islamic Tour dan Travel

Umrah is a series of worship that can be performed at any time. This research aims to find out how much influence digital marketing, brand image and price have on pilgrims' decisions to perform Umrah. The analysis technique used is the multiple linear regression analysis technique. The results of the research analysis carried out with an alpha of 5% show that the results of simultaneous multiple linear regression analysis between digital marketing, brand image, and price variables influence the decision to perform Umrah and together influence the congregation's decision to perform Umrah. Likewise, partially the digital marketing variables, brand image, and price each influence the congregation's decision to give zakat online. The magnitude of the influence contained in the coefficient of determination is 0.812, meaning that 81.2% of the congregation's decision variable chooses the Umrah product (Y) which can be explained by the variables digital marketing (X1), brand image X2), and price (X3). Meanwhile, the remaining 18.8% can be explained by other variables not used in this research.

The Influence Of Product Price And Quality On Consumer Satisfaction In Local Clothing Brand In Indonesian E-Commerce

This research aims to see the influence of price and product quality on consumer satisfaction with local clothing brands in Indonesian e-commerce in the city of Semarang. Partially analyzing the influence of price on consumer satisfaction, analyzing the influence of product quality on consumer satisfaction. simultaneously analyzing price and product quality on consumer satisfaction. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear analysis were also used in this research. Descriptive analysis of each variable item. Multiple linear test analysis looks at the overall impact of the independent variable and dependent variable. This research data uses a questionnaire with a sample size of 100 respondents spread across all cities in Semarang. The sampling technique is convenience sampling.The results of the partial analysis can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between the price variable on consumer satisfaction. There is a positive and significant influence of product quality variables on consumer satisfaction. The results of simultaneous or joint analysis show a significant influence between price and product quality variables on consumer satisfaction. Competitive prices and good product quality will provide consumer satisfaction with local clothing brands in Indonesian e-commerce in the city of Semarang.

The Influence Of Product Quality, Price, Location And Service Quality On Purchasing Decisions At Matahari Department Bengkulu Store

Factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions are product quality, price, location and service quality. Consumers will tend to choose outlets that have excellent service. The research aims to determine product quality, price, location and dominant place/location influencing purchasing decisions at Matahari Department Store Bengkulu. The sample in this study was 70 customers of Matahari Department Store Bengkulu. Data collection uses instruments in the form of questionnaires and the analysis methods used are multiple linear regression, determination tests and hypothesis tests. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis obtained are as follows: Y= 9.747 + 0.897 X1 + 0.832 X2 + 0.829 X3 + 0.802 Product Variable (X1), shows t count of 2.954 > t table 1.66140 with a significance level of 0.004 < 0.050. So it can be concluded that the Product variable has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions. Price influences purchasing decisions. The price variable (X2), shows t count of 2.525 > t table 1.66140 with a significance level of 0.014 < 0.050. So it can be concluded that the price variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Location influences purchasing decisions. The location variable (X3), shows t count of 2,800 > t table 1.66140 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.050. So it can be concluded that the service quality variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Location influences purchasing decisions. The place/location variable (X4), shows t count of 2.125 > t table 1.66140 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.050. So it can be concluded that the service quality variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

The Effect Of Prices And Service Facilities On Loyalty Guests In Rooms Inc Hotel Semarang

The aim of this research is to determine and analyze theinfluence of price and facilities partially and jointly on guest loyalty at Rooms Inc Hotel Semarang and to determine the variables that most influence guest loyalty at Rooms Inc Hotel Semarang. This research uses a quantitative type of research. Quantitative research. The population in this study was 8,833 guests taken from data from November 2022 to December 2022 at Rooms Inc Hotel Semarang. The sample in this research was 100 respondents. Data collection techniques are questionnaires and observations. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research state that price and facilities partially have a positive and significant effect on Rooms Inc. Hotel guest loyalty. Price and facilities jointly influence guest loyalty at Rooms Inc Hotel. The price variable is the variable that has the most influence on Rooms Inc Hotel guest loyalty

Analisis Pengaruh Harga dan Pendapatan Konsumen Terhadap Permintaan Handphone Pada Lingkup Karyawan

This research aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of smartphone demand among employees. Employing an economic approach, the study seeks to explore the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of permanent employees at PT. CMS MAJU SEJAHTERA, utilizing a descriptive statistical analysis approach. The research sample consists of 65 permanent employees at PT. CMS MAJU SEJAHTERA, and variable measurements are conducted using a Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). The research findings indicate that the demand for smartphones among permanent employees at PT. CMS MAJU SEJAHTERA is significantly influenced by income and price variables. Interestingly, the level of education did not prove to affect smartphone demand in this research context.

Detection Methods of Counterfeit Drugs: A Systemic Review

Counterfeit medicines are one of the major challenges facing pharmaceutical supply chains and patient safety and are a serious problem in countries around the world. These drugs represent a major threat to the patient’s life, to the real drug manufacturers, and to the country’s image. The problem of substandard/ counterfeit/counterfeit/counterfeit medical products is more serious in countries with weak health regulatory systems and fragile health infrastructure. These characteristics increase the risk of manufacturing and/or distributing medicinal products that do not comply with national and regional health regulations, putting patients at risk. High and variable prices, insufficient access to affordable medications, and drug shortages are incentives for actions, activities, and behaviors that lead to SSFFC medical products. These problems must be addressed from a public health perspective. In this paper, the authors will provide a direct and simple comparison between the five most popular detection techniques used to analyze and characterize various genuine and generic pharmaceutical brands, as an approach to analyzing counterfeit pharmaceutical products, as many genuine and generic products are classified as counterfeit and vice versa. The combination of analytical results provides a comprehensive characterization of counterfeit medical products. This information is essential for patient safety and to assist authorities in their mission to combat counterfeit products. The findings could help police, regulatory, and health bodies reduce the burden of combating counterfeit medicines and the consequences that occur if they are not detected and used.

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Pelanggan

This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality, price, and service quality on customer satisfaction at PT Kanefusa Indonesia. The population of this research consists of PT Kanefusa Indonesia's customers, with a sample size of 75 individuals. The data analysis method used is Multiple Linear Regression. The results of the study indicate that the simultaneous hypothesis test shows that the variables of product quality, price, and service quality significantly affect customer satisfaction. Additionally, the partial hypothesis test demonstrates that each variable, namely product, price, and service quality, significantly influences customer satisfaction. This research provides valuable insights for PT Kanefusa Indonesia in understanding the factors that affect customer satisfaction. By paying attention to and improving product quality, offering competitive prices, and providing excellent service quality, PT Kanefusa Indonesia can better meet customer expectations and strengthen long-term relationships with customers. The findings of this study can also serve as a basis for designing more effective marketing and management strategies to enhance customer loyalty and achieve a competitive advantage in their industry.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DRIVER GRABCAR TERHADAP KEPUASAN WISATAWAN NUSANTARA DI BADUNG, BALI


 
 
 GrabCar is an internet-based transportation service that can be accessed through an online application that rejuvenates users/tourists, but there are some complaints from users or tourists when using GrabCar. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of GrabCar Driver service quality on the satisfaction of domestic tourists in Badung Regency, Bali. The operational definition of variables used in this study is X, Y and characteristics. The sampling technique uses accindental sampling with a total of 100 respondents, namely domestic tourists who have used GrabCar in Badung Regency, Bali. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, questionnaires, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. This research is quantitative descriptive by using simple linear regression analysis as data analysis. This study uses descriptive data analysis which is processed using the SPSS 25.0 application for windows. The results of simple linear regression analysis through partial testing of the effect of variable X on Y show that the t test obtains a significant value of 0.000 <0.005, which means that the service quality variable has a positive effect on tourist satisfaction. The R square determinant coefficient value is 0.630, service quality affects domestic tourist satisfaction, while the remaining 37% is influenced by other variables such as competition variables, price variables, trust variables, for the Grab manager must improve facilities, maintain the company's image, hospitality to tourists/ passengers, and improve CHSE standards.
 
 

Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Buah Jeruk Siam di Kota Surakarta

Increasing public awareness of the importance of fulfilling nutrition and vitamins has resulted in people consuming fruit more massively. One popular fruit is siam citrus because it tends to taste sweet and is readily available on the market, including in Surakarta City. Surakarta City is a potential market for siam citrus because the public consumption of the fruit increases yearly. In contrast, public consumption of siam citrus fluctuates from year to year. The fluctuating level of public consumption means that the demand for siam citrus is also uncertain. Considering this, it is imperative to understand the variables influencing Surakarta City's demand for siam citrus. One hundred respondents who purchased siam citrus from "Pasar Legi, Pasar Gede, Pasar Kadipolo, Pasar Gading, and Pasar Harjodaksino" provided the primary data for this study. The demand function was converted into a multiple linear regression function for data analysis. The analysis's findings indicate that the variables of siam citrus price, mandarin orange price, apple price, mango price, family earnings, number of family members, and taste all affect the siam citrus demand in Surakarta City. The variable price of siam citrus, mandarin orange price, mango price, family earnings, and tastes partially significantly affected the siam citrus demand. Therefore, the demand for siam citrus in Surakarta City was not considerably impacted by the apple price and the number of family members. Taste is the most critical factor influencing the demand for siam citrus.

The Climate Effect on Colombian Coffee Prices and Quantities Based on Risk Analysis and the Hedging Strategy in Discrete Setting Approach

This paper provides a risk-hedging strategy for coffee markets including climate impact in the context of Colombian Coffee producers, companies, regulators, and policymakers. From the intermediaries' perspective, we present a hedging price and quantity risks using financial instruments based on price and weather variables (El Niño and La Niña phenomena). The coffee price and quantities produced are mitigated by the inclusion of climatic variables in two ways: first, through analysing the changes observed in the forward curve against spot price measuring the deterministic effect, known in this market as the forward risk premium. Second, including the weather index in the hedge structure on price and quantity in the coffee market improves the agent's result; this latter aims to improve the hedging claim's performance due to the link between demanded volume and weather-linked index. An experiment shows the strategy profit over the best-performing claim price derived only and without hedging.

PENGARUH PERSAINGAN TERHADAP HARGA DAN PRODUKSI

Competition is a condition where many sellers are offering similar products or services. Competition can occur in perfectly competitive markets, monopolistic competitive markets, and oligopolistic markets. The effect of competition on prices and production can be analyzed using microeconomic theory. Microeconomic theory suggests that competition will tend to lower prices and increase production. This study aims to determine the effect of competition variables on price and production variables. The research conducted associative research to understand whether there is a causal relationship or association between the variables of competition, price, and production. The data used in this research is quantitative using secondary data obtained through library research. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results show that competition can affect prices and production. Competition will tend to reduce prices and increase production. This is due to the competition between sellers which causes many choices for buyers.

Pengaruh Harga Produk, Kualitas Produk, Gaya Hidup Terhadap Minat Beli Ulang (Body Scrub Scarlett Di Aplikasi Shopee)

The economic, cultural, and technological developments impact lifestyles, particularly in the fashion and beauty sectors, leading to significant changes in Indonesia's beauty product market. This study aims to identify factors influencing the repurchase intention of Generation Z consumers for Scarlett body scrub products on the Shopee application. The population and sample selection targeted Generation Z consumers in Semarang, with an unknown number, within the age criteria of 17–30 years. The researcher applied criteria within the Generation Z category with an age range of 13–33 years, as specified. The sample size taken was Sample = (number of indicators x 8) = 14 x 8 = 112 due to the unknown population size. The research method used was quantitative, applying multiple linear regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results of statistical analysis indicate that the product price, product quality, and lifestyle variables have a positive and significant impact on repurchase intention. This study provides valuable insights for companies in designing effective beauty product marketing strategies, focusing on price and understanding consumer lifestyles. The conclusions drawn from this research can serve as a basis for formulating better marketing strategies to enhance consumer repurchase intention in the Indonesian beauty industry. Keywords: product price; product quality; lifestyle; repurchase intention.

KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA DAN CITRA MEREK: PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN

Indonesian's consumption on milk has increased by year to year. Bear Brand is considered as one of qualified brands for its benefits. Compared to other brands, Bear Brand is continously increasing on its sales even it has the same quality and higher. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of product quality, price, and brand image on purchasing decisions, and which the most dominant variable influencing on purchasing decisions. This research used quantitative research. The populations were consumers of Bear Brand in Yogyakarta. This research sample was determined by purposive sampling technique as many as 100 people. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis. The results showed that product quality and, price had an effect on the decision to buy Bear Brand in Yogyakarta, while brand image had no effect on the decision to buy Bear Brand milk in Yogyakarta. The result showed that the most dominant variable influencing on purchasing decisions is the price variable.

Analysis of the Influence of the Marketing Mix on Consumer Purchasing Decisions Using the Structural Equation Modeling Method

This study aims to determine the effect of the 7P marketing mix, namely product, price, location, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process on Budiman Swalayan Jembes’s consumers that affect their decision-making when purchasing at Budiman Swalayan Jembes. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the Smart PLS version 3.0 program. The data used in this study are data obtained from respondents totaling 155 people through filling out questionnaires. Data analysis conducted in this study is an evaluation of the measurement model (outer model), evaluation of the structural model (inner model) and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that of the seven variables studied, three of them influence consumer purchasing decisions. The three variables that influence consumer purchasing decisions of Budiman Swalayan Jembes are product variables, price variables and location variables. As for the other four variables, namely the promotion variable, the people variable, the physical evidence variable and the process variable, the analysis shows that there is no influence on consumer purchasing decisions at Budiman Swalayan Jembes.