Price Segments Research Articles

Особливості маркетингової політики просування товарів на ринку заморожених ягід

The aim of the article is to determine the features of the marketing policy for promoting goods in the market of frozen berries. The article analyzes the current state of the domestic and world market of frozen berries. It is determined that the market of frozen berries in Ukraine began to develop rapidly and actively in 2015. It is found that Ukraine today has a significant potential for berry growing and can ensure full domestic consumption of fruits and vegetables (including in winter) and send products for export. The article determines that the area of plantations of organic raspberries, blueberries and garden strawberries in 2022 increased by more than 2 times compared to 2021, in terms of the volume of plantations, the area of organic raspberries have increased the most. It is noted that in 2022, the importers of Ukrainian organic raspberries were Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic and Serbia. A study of respondents’ perception of innovative products – organic frozen berries – was carried out and recommendations for the formation of marketable products for a new product in the market of frozen fruits and berries have been developed. The authors also conducted a study on the varieties of frozen berries and fruits, packaging and price segments. According to the results of the carried out survey, it was found that 31% of respondents buy frozen berries and fruits from «Arti» LLC. According to the results of the formation of the Ansoff matrix for the development of «Arti» LLC, it was determined that among the possible directions of development of the enterprise is the supply of a new product (production of organic fruit and vegetable products with a full cycle) to the markets of the EU countries. It is concluded that it is expedient for «Arti» LLC to supply its products to the market of the EU countries not in the form of raw materials, but as a finished product of frozen organic raspberries. In order to bring this idea to life, it is necessary to certify the land and the enterprise.

Development of the domestic cider market

In the process of studying the development of the domestic cider market, an analysis was made of the market for alcoholic and non-alcoholic cider, a shift in demand for non-alcoholic products was revealed, statistics on the consumption of alcoholic beverages were given, in which a decrease in alcohol consumption by 43% was noted. As part of the work, the demand from 2018 to 2021 for non-alcoholic beer was analyzed, which shows an increase in the consumption of non-alcoholic beer by 7 times, the share of cider consumption relative to beer was calculated, which increased by 5% over 4 years and cider consumption was recorded from 2018 to 2022 g, which has increased by 7 times in 5 years. The market of non-alcoholic cider, as well as its analogues, is analyzed. According to the results of the analysis of the non-alcoholic cider market, it was noted that this product is in short supply, and manufacturers resort to the frequent use of various flavoring additives in order to enhance the organoleptic indicators. The price segment of this product is noted as above average compared to both alcoholic and non-alcoholic counterparts. Based on the revealed data, it should be assumed that the expansion of the production of non-alcoholic cider is a promising direction in the food industry, since the demand for non-alcoholic products has been recorded, and this drink is practically not represented on the Russian market or is presented in a high price category.

Pengaruh Harga Dan Segmentasi Pasar Terhadap Penjualan Hasil Laut Pada PT. Yasuriang Samudera Rezeki

This study aims to determine the effect of partially or simultaneously price and market segmentation on the sale of seafood at PT. Yasuriang Samudera Rezeki. The population in this study are customers of PT. Yasuriang Samudera Rezeki for 52 customers. The sampling technique in this study used saturated samples, which amounted to 52 customers. The research method used is the technique of collecting data through questionnaires. The analytical method used to solve problems and prove hypotheses is descriptive analysis, regression analysis. T test results indicate that the price of a positive and significant effect on the sale of marine products at PT. Yasuriang Samudera Rezeki and Market Segmentation has a positive and significant effect on the sale of seafood at PT. Yasuriang Samudera Rezeki. F test results indicate that the price and market segmentation has a positive and significant effect on the sale of seafood at PT. Yasuriang Samudera Rezeki. The coefficient of determination test results (R2) shows that 68% of the Sales variable is influenced by the Price and Market Segmentation variable, while the remaining 32% is influenced by other variables outside of this study such as service quality, distribution channels, and personal selling.

Real estate valuation based on big data

The paper considers the application of the web scrapping and machine learning algorithms for the assessment of the real estate price on the secondary housing market in Moscow. For this, we collect and process the data from the CIAN website and the data from “Reforma GKH”. To evaluate real estate objects, we consider such machine learning algorithms as Elastic Net, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting. We also apply Shapley vector-based approach to interpret the results of the black-box algorithms. The results suggest that the use of black-box algorithms in assessing the price of apartments on the Moscow secondary housing market allows to obtain more accurate price estimates both for different price segments and for the sample as a whole. At the same time, Gradient Boosting has demonstrated the best accuracy among other algorithms. Interpretation based on the Shapley vector shows that the total area, year of construction, ceiling height, renovation, as well as monolithic construction technology had a positive effect on the price. The price is negatively affected by the number of floors in the house, the possibility of mortgage and lack of repairs. Developed methodology can be applied in real estate insurance, mortgage, determination of cadastral value of real estate and others.

House Prices Segmentation Using Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Clustering

House is a place for humans to live and a main necessity for humans. For years, the need for houses is increasing and varied so that it affects the selling price of the house. Therefore, more research is needed to learn about the selling price of houses. This research is only focusing on house price segmentation in DKI Jakarta using the Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Clustering Method with the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The goal of this research is to make a house price segmentation model so that we can obtain useful information for the potential buyer. Clustering with GMM utilize the log-likelihood function to optimize the GMM parameters. The result of this research is houses in DKI Jakarta can be segmented into 3 different clusters. The first cluster is for the low-profile houses. The second cluster is for the mid-profile houses. The third cluster is for the high-profile houses. The silhouette score that was produced by the clustering method is 0.60866 meaning that this score is quite good because it’s close to a value of 1.

Implementation of European Experience in the Activities of Modern Domestic Enterprises of the Hospitality Industry

In the context of strengthening the European integration of Ukraine, it is relevant to study the practice of functioning of the enterprises in the field of hospitality in European countries in order to form recommendations for the implementation of similar experience in domestic enterprises. The purpose of the academic paper lies in analysing the European experience of enterprises in the field of hospitality, with the aim of its implementation in the activities of domestic companies. The methodology of the research is based on the case method for the experimental study of innovative practices of the two largest hotel chains in Europe: Motel One Group and B&B Hotels. The results demonstrate a combination of concepts of customer orientation by virtue of personalized products and customer experience, with a focus on unique modern design as a key competitive advantage. Hotel chains focus on the low price segment and increase dynamically due to the advantages as follows: unique design, organic food, concentration on the main needs of customers. The activities of the hotel network correspond to the trends of the European and global market. The theoretical value of the research lies in the fact that the analysis of the cases proves that in order to implement the paradigm of “unforgettable experience”, the enterprises of the hospitality industry can concentrate on one of the parameters: entertainment, aesthetics, escapism, education. At the same time, it is possible to indirectly provide an “unforgettable experience” for customers through staff recommendations (routes, events, places of interest).

Channel Conflict and Management of O2O Network Marketing Model Under E-Commerce Exploration of Ideas

With the continuous updating of Internet technology, the Internet has gradually become popular, and e-commerce has also ushered in new development opportunities. It has gradually evolved from electronic retail price segments and electronic trade to modern online. The transaction mode has become an important means of communication for the development of the industry. As a new type of activity, e-commerce forms a brand-new informatization model for the production, procurement, and sales of enterprises. Therefore, this paper will analyze the channel conflict of the offline to online (O2O) network marketing model under e-commerce, and propose specific management strategies.

A spatial autoregressive geographically weighted quantile regression to explore housing rent determinants in Amsterdam and Warsaw

A hedonic approach is typically performed to identify housing rental or sales price determinants. However, standard hedonic regression models disregard spatial autocorrelation of prices and heterogeneity of housing preferences across space and over price segments. We developed a spatial autoregressive geographically weighted quantile regression (GWQR-SAR) to address these shortcomings. Using data on the determinants of residential rental prices in Warsaw (Poland) and Amsterdam (The Netherlands) as case studies, we applied GWQR-SAR and rigorously compared its performance with alternative mean and quantile hedonic regressions. The results revealed that GWQR-SAR outperforms other models in terms of fitting accuracy. Compared with mean regressions, GWQR-SAR performs better, especially at the tails of the dependent variable distribution, where non-quantile models overestimate low rent values and underestimate high ones. Policy recommendations for the development of private residential rental markets are provided based on our results, which incorporate spatial effects and price segment requirements.

What can I do for you? Optimal market segmentation in service markets

This paper considers price competition in a market where two firms sell a homogeneous service to a continuum of customers differing with respect to some exogenous characteristic. Our paper's novelty consists of explicitly acknowledging a distinctive property of many services in that firms incur customer‐specific service costs after the contract is signed. Hence, not only the customers' willingness‐to‐pay and as such demand but also the firms' supply are related to customer characteristics. In this paper, we shed light on the implications thereof for optimal pricing and market segmentation strategies in a monopoly as well as a duopoly market. Importantly, we stress the profitability of services by demonstrating that firms in highly competitive industries still earn positive expected profits in equilibrium.

The Impact of Virtual Marketing Strategies on the Price-TOM Relation

Virtual tours such as pre-recorded videos or self-guided virtual reality (VR) tours represent marketing strategies that agents can use to promote homes for sale. Assuming agents aim at maximizing their net commissions, we expect virtual tours, which require more agent effort and are more costly, to be used for homes that are difficult to show due to being owner- or tenant-occupied. Using 34,359 single-family transactions from multiple US markets, we show that virtual tours impact the sales prices of occupied homes (1) directly (main effect) and (2) indirectly through an interaction with time on market (TOM). However, this impact differs in directionality and size across price segments and occupier type. The use of virtual tours has no effect on the sales prices of vacant homes. Our results suggest that virtual tours are effective strategies to overcome the difficulty of showing homes and moderate the price-TOM relation.

Analysis of Methodological Recommendations for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Commercial Banks

The article presents an analysis of modern methods for evaluating the effectiveness of commercial banks, taking into account the large-scale use of Internet technologies. The relevance of this article is due to sharp structural transformations in the context of widespread pressure on the financial sector. A competently constructed method of analyzing the state of a commercial bank is able to warn against significant losses. The sharply increased relevance of remote products and services in 2020 during the period of covid restrictions currently significantly complicates the work of a commercial bank using Internet technologies and software. At the same time, the change of the vector to remote channels of work is relevant regardless of the sanctions restrictions. In conditions of pressure on the leaders of the banking sector, the task of holistic monitoring of not only financial viability, but also the stability of innovative digital platforms arises, due to the importance of these services for customers. The necessity of a comprehensive analysis taking into account the basic evaluation criteria and digital products of a commercial bank is substantiated. Currently, the methodological apparatus is a block analysis, which is aimed either at financial stability, or the price segment, or qualitative evaluation criteria. In this case, it is proposed to evaluate one commercial bank without a uniform calculation structure, but individual independent methods. The purpose of the study is to form a holistic view of the methodological approaches to assessing the activities of a commercial bank, in order to form a unified methodology that will not only duplicate the indicators of the official methodology of the Bank of Russia, but also take into account industry trends, their qualitative component.Keywords: commercial bank, methodology, digital services, innovative products, financial analysis, competition.

Time on Market and the Cash Discount for Condos

We investigate whether the cash discount for condos is affected by time on market (TOM). Theoretically and empirically, we show that the cash discount has two components: First, condos purchased with cash sell at a discount compared to mortgage-financed condos, which is in line with the cash discount identified in the housing literature. The second component is a TOM-variable cash discount that increases the longer a condo is on the market. In addition, our empirical analysis suggests the cash discount only exists for low-price condos and disappears in higher price segments. In particular, for low-price condos, the cash discount comprises of a 9.42% fixed cash discount and 0.1% per day TOM-variable cash discount. Our results suggest TOM represents an additional explanation for the cash discount in condos and moderates the relation between cash purchase and sales price.

Features of development of hotel and restaurant economy of Lutsk territorial community

The geographical boundaries and composition of the Lutsk territorial community are characterized, namely the community includes 1 city, 1 urban-type settlement and 34 villages. We defined the dynamics of the number of tourists visiting Lutsk. The tourists number growth testifies to the strong promotion of the city and its environs, the development of tourist infrastructure and hotel and restaurant facilities, which are always ready to offer an interesting unique product to every visitor. We analysed the dynamics of the volume of tourist revenues to the budget of Lutsk from 2016 to 2019. There is an increase in the number of tourist revenues. If in 2016 this figure was 131,700 hryvnias, in 2019 it was almost 4.5 times higher and reached its peak - 587,609 hryvnias. 2020 is marked by a slight decline due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction in travel and hotel services. The number of temporary accommodation facilities of the Lutsk Territorial Community has been studied, they can comfortably accommodate more than 1340 guests: 1108 people - in 23 modern hotels, 233 people - in 7 modern hostels. We analysed the ratio of people who stayed and did not stay overnight in Lutsk TС. The length of stay of tourists in the city of Lutsk was studied, the number of people staying for the night is 25.2% in 2017 and 32.1% in 2019. We analysed the development of restaurants dynamics in Lutsk TС, 314 establishments operate on the territory of them: 35 units - bars, 73 units - restaurants and 206 units - cafés, cafeterias, pizzerias. The analysis of pricing policy and price segments of the Lutsk TС market is given. In the structure of hotel data, the largest share falls on enterprises whose average room price is in the range from UAH 425 to UAH 916, 1407 UAH to 2880 UAH ("Mojo" and "Noble"). These indicators show that each hotel has its own target segment of consumers, as evidenced by the cost and category of rooms. The main problems of the hotel and restaurant industry of the Lutsk territorial community are characterized, namely: insufficient level of satisfaction of consumer requirements; insufficiently well-developed quality management system at enterprises; the predominant focus of the restaurant industry is not on the quality of their products, but on the material support of the institution; insufficiently high level of management of institutions, low level of leadership qualities of heads of institutions; very often the prerogative of the institution is the quantity of products, not its quality; insufficiently qualified level of institutions staff, and hence low quality of service; insufficient advertising activities of institutions; imperfect image strategy of the restaurant. Solving and improving these problems will allow hotel and restaurant businesses to increase the number of consumers; will increase the efficiency of the enterprise, as a consequence of increasing the profitability of institutions; improving the efficiency of the institution's management; increasing the quality of services and the level of service; improving consumer perception of the company's image and reputation; will open opportunities for institutions to enter the international market and increase the number of consumers.

Tobacco industry pricing strategies for single cigarettes and multistick packs after excise tax increases in Colombia

IntroductionTaxes on tobacco products are an efficient way of reducing consumption. However, they are only effective if passed on to consumers with higher prices. This study aims to examine tobacco...

House price prediction with gradient boosted trees under different loss functions

ABSTRACT Many banks and credit institutions are required to assess the value of dwellings in their mortgage portfolio. This valuation often relies on an Automated Valuation Model (AVM). Moreover, these institutions often report the models accuracy by two numbers: The fraction of predictions within and range from the true values. Until recently, AVMs tended to be hedonic regression models, but lately machine learning approaches like random forest and gradient boosted trees have been increasingly applied. Both the traditional approaches and the machine learning approaches rely on minimising mean squared prediction error, and not the number of predictions in the and range. We investigate whether introducing a loss function closer to the AVMs actual loss measure improves performance in machine learning approaches, specifically for a gradient boosted tree approach. This loss function yields an improvement from to of predictions within of the true value on a data set of transactions from the Norwegian housing market between 2013 and 2015, with the biggest improvements in performance coming from the lower price segments. We also find that a weighted average of models with different loss functions improves performance further, yielding of the observations within of the true value.

Использование пищевых субпродуктов и немясного ингредиента в технологии производства рубленых мясосодержащих полуфабрикатов

Aim. Expanding the range of chopped semi-finished products of high degree of readiness with increased biological value and reduced fat content in the middle price segment of the consumer market. Materials and Methods. Raw materials were used: beef, chilled categories (GOST 34120-2017), pork, semi-fat and fatty (GOST 31476-2012), beef liver and beef heart (GOST 32244-2013), Persian lentils (TU10.61.32-003-99621687-2017), onion (GOST 34306-2017), salt (GOST R 51574-2018), ground black pepper (GOST 29050-91). The development and research of control and experimental samples were carried out according to generally accepted methods in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation. Sampling and organoleptic research methods in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7269-2015. The determination of organoleptic parameters was carried out according to the requirements of GOST 9959-2015. The mass fraction of fat was determined according to GOST 23042-2015, the mass fraction of protein – according to GOST 25011-2017, amino acid composition – according to GOST 34132-2017. The moisture content was determined according to GOST 9793-2016. Results. The formulation and technological scheme of the chopped meat-containing semi-finished product of a high degree of readiness have been developed. Conclusion. The created product expands the range of chopped semi-finished products of high degree of readiness with increased biological value and reduced fat content.

When and how to use a “fighter brand” to combat a low-price entry

PurposeManagers have become wary of launching fighter brands. But they should not give up on a fighter brand strategy altogether: under certain conditions a fighter brand can be effective, if it is correctly positioned.Design/methodology/approachThe authors’ decision-making framework to help managers think through the specific design of a fighter brand is supported by field experience in designing and successfully launching fighter brands. 10; The framework takes managers through four steps. 10;FindingsA fighter brand can be designed to combat, and ideally eliminate, low-price competitors while protecting an organization’s premium-price offerings.Practical implicationsIdentifying must-have features “must-haves” is at the core of the fighter brand framework.Originality/valueIf a company’s strategists can identify at least one unique must-have feature for the value segment with high certainty, and remove it from the fighter brand targeted at the price segment, the risk of cannibalization is minimal.

Analysis of pharmaceutical market of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract

The aim of work is to study the assortment of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract on the modern pharmaceutical market to further search for ways to improve and optimize pharmaceutical supply. Materials and methods. The assortment of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract was studied basing on the search of dietary supplements in pharmacies of Ukraine in the internet resources. For study of assortment of dietary supplements, the following methods were used: marketing, statistical, logic and graphic. Results. The assortment of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract has been analyzed. The results showed that the leaders in the number of manufacturers in the analyzed group of dietary supplements are the United States, Ukraine, and Poland, their part is 61 %, 16 % and 8 %, respectively. In terms of assortment, the United States ranks first – 66 %. Dietary supplements are presented in 6 dosage forms, most of them are capsules (60 %). It was determined that monopreparations predominate in the pharmaceutical market and account for 77 %. The price segmentation of the market of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract has been provided, the results showed that most of these are dietary supplements in the price range of 200–500 UAH. The study of the company structure made it possible to identify leaders among foreign companies; the top three companies included Now Foods (27 %), Swanson (20 %), Puritan’s Pride (14 %). Conclusions. There are 42 dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract at the beginning of 2022 in Ukraine. On the temporary pharmaceutical market of Ukraine 84 % of dietary supplements with green tea extract are presented by foreign manufacturers, mainly by monopreparations, in the form of capsules and in the price range from 200 to 500 UAH.

Nonlinear public transit accessibility effects on housing prices: Heterogeneity across price segments

Although numerous studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between public transit accessibility and housing prices, they often assumed a linear relationship. Using a dataset of 196,232 s-hand residential properties in Shanghai (China), this study applies the gradient boosting regression trees (GBRT) method to investigate the complicated relationships between public transit accessibility and housing prices across price segments. The results show that for low- and median-priced houses, the travel time by public transit to the central business district (CBD) contributes the most to housing prices while for high-priced houses, the systemwide metro accessibility contributes the most. Public transit accessibility has significant nonlinear and threshold effects on housing prices. Public transit accessibility has an overall positive effect on housing prices, though some negative effects occur within certain intervals. Different patterns are observed across price segments. High-priced houses receive a much larger premium from the closeness to CBD and systemwide metro accessibility but are more negatively affected by both local and systemwide bus accessibility, compared to low- and median-priced houses. The differences in transit's value-added effects across price segments may bring about inequity in accessibility across different income groups. Relevant policies on how to reduce such an inequity issue are finally discussed.

Glocal tnc product strategies in the international business management system

It is defined in this paper that the glocal business strategy enables the companies to strengthen their competitive position, attract customers and raise brand awareness, adapting their offer to each individual country and local scenario, while maintaining the emphasis on scale and global dimension. Glocalization strategy means the creation and distribution of products and services designed for the global or international market, and the ability to adapt them to local conditions. According to the objective of the paper, the peculiarities of the Ukrainian non-alcoholic beer market current state is defined as well as the substantiation of the commodity strategies development directions of transnational companies in the Ukrainian beer market, in particular on the segment of non-alcoholic beer for women, is proposed. Analysis of non-alcoholic beer supply in the domestic market revealed that the portfolio of the largest producers does not include craft non-alcoholic beer and beer, the taste of which would suit the tastes of youth and women's segments. The developed positioning scheme according to the price and taste characteristics of non-alcoholic beer offer in Ukraine revealed free niches in this category, especially beer with the taste of berries, fruits, aromatic herbs and spices. In addition, the niche of craft beer is free. Such product offers may be of interest to young people and women who do not like the smell of malt beer and its bitter taste. Taking into account the results of the survey and the conducted research, it is recommended that multinational companies adapt their product strategy by developing the segment of non-alcoholic beer for women. A strategy of positioning beer for women according to such characteristics as the content of required essential vitamins and microelements is proposed. The implementation of the proposed glocal product strategy will strengthen and increase the market share of the multinational company in non-alcoholic beer market due to the application of horizontal differentiation strategy by expanding the range of non-alcoholic beer flavors and vertical one by attracting consumers of different price segments.