Poultry Prices Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact of Sino-US Poultry Trade on China's Chicken Prices

Abstract: The trade relationship between China and the United States, two of the world's largest economies, is of significant global importance, particularly in the agricultural sector. This sector plays a crucial role in both nations' economies, contributing substantially to their GDPs and employment rates.This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of poultry trade between China and the United States, focusing on its impact on chicken prices in China. Utilizing comprehensive datasets spanning from 2007 to 2022 sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the study employs static economic analysis and regression techniques to explore the factors influencing poultry prices. The findings substantiated the hypothesis posited: a rise in poultry trade volume between the U.S. and China correlates with a decrease in chicken prices in China. Findings reveal a complex relationship between trade dynamics and price movements, providing insights into the broader economic and trade policies shaping agricultural trade between these two economic powerhouses.

Poultry feed fortified with moringa leaves and tumeric leaves to produce functional eggs: a review

Human population is growing every day, and their diets often contain far less protein per day than is advised. The poultry business has faced difficulties, particularly in the tropics and in developing countries, due to the shortage and high price of poultry feeds, which make up 60–80 percent of the total cost of poultry products. This reflects both the relatively low cost and the customer’s need for these high-quality and secure items. Eggs are one of the high food’s proteins. One of the advantages of egg protein compared to other animal protein its high digestibility, meaning every gram protein that enters will be digested in the body perfectly. A typical strategy to prevent these negative effects is to increase the intrinsic antioxidant content by the dietary insertion of natural antioxidants, such as feed fortification with a combination of moringa leaves and turmeric leaves. Nowadays, Moringa oleifera has mostly been employed on farm animals to improve their well-being and productivity. Because moringa leaves have well-established health benefits, they are frequently utilized as functional ingredients in chicken feed., the production of eggs that were higher in carotene and lower in cholesterol than the control eggs due to favourable impacts on the health of the hens and the quality of their eggs Turmeric, a plant with several medicinal use, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is known under the name Curcuma. Numerous research has documented the medicinal benefits of turmeric, notably its antioxidant properties. This review's objective was to analyse the antioxidant activity and cholesterol-lowering effects of functional eggs made with fortified moringa leaves and turmeric.

MALAYSIA’S MACROECONOMIC POLICIES RESPONSES TO COMMODITY CRISIS

The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1995) defined “crisis” as “a time of great difficulty or danger or when an important decision must be made”. According on the situation, there are many definitions for the term "crisis" in use. It was initially used in the field of medicine to indicate the stage of a disease at which a significant development or change had occurred that was either critical to survival or death. The word "crisis" has, nevertheless, become often used in the 20th century. Five significant crises have been identified to give huge impact on Malaysian economy namely were the "early commodity crisis" between 1956 and 1972, the "first oil crisis" between 1973 and 1974, the "second commodity/oil crisis" between 1980 and 1981, the "electronic/third commodity crisis" between 1985 and 1986, and the "financial and currency crisis" between 1997 and 1998 followed by the 2008 Financial Crisis. Commodity crisis is a crisis that extends from the initial commodity crisis of 1956-72, the first oil crisis of 1973-74, the second commodity or oil crisis of 1980-81 and the third commodity or electronics crisis of 1985-86. Recently, the price of the energy and food has been raising again which can results in the next wave of commodity crisis for the country. The prices of food as a whole had gone up as can be seen in the prices of vegetables and poultry. The global food price index tracked by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations showed that in March 2022, it was almost 30 per cent higher year-on-year, hence, result in a really bad food price inflation experienced globally. With reference to energy price, although the world is facing an energy crisis where the demand for energy commodities exceeds supply and this is causing volatility in short-term pricing with global spot prices for natural gas reaching the highest level this year, reports by the government claimed that the impact of the energy crisis on Malaysia has not been alarming. Yet, necessary macroeconomies policies need to be identified to prevent unforeseen impact on the economic growth and society.

English

The United States is the world’s largest poultry producer and exports about 18% of its total poultry production. With the global demand for poultry products projected to rise further, understanding key factors in world trade is essential for better trade.  We study the influence of key demand factors, that is, exchange rate, poultry price and income of importing country on US poultry products. We focused  on the top five importers namely, Mexico, Canada, China, Hong Kong, and Russia. A fixed effects model and a double-log multiple regression model are used.  All three demand factors in a country were significantly associated with the quantity of poultry. Exchange rate negatively influenced US exports to the five countries.  However, the magnitude, direction, and significance of these three variables varied for each country as shown in the country-level regression estimates.   Key words: Exchange rate, poultry trade, US poultry exports, poultry exports.

Towards a Win-Win Solution for Dietary Health and Carbon Reduction—Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta in China

Considering the contradiction between the need to change the food consumption structure of Chinese residents and the constraints of resources and the environment, as well as the changes in the consumption structure of Chinese residents in the Yangtze River Delta, we explore the path to achieve environmental sustainability while maintaining residents’ dietary health. Based on 1995–2019 Yangtze River Delta food consumption data, this paper uses the two-stage Engel–QUAIDS model to conduct an empirical analysis of the food consumption and carbon emissions of urban and rural residents in the Yangtze River Delta and simulates the impact of income growth and food price changes on per capita food consumption carbon emissions and nutrient intake. The results show that the residents of the Yangtze River Delta consume too much meat and poultry, and the carbon emissions are high; the consumption of eggs and fruits is obviously insufficient, and the carbon emissions are low. With an increase in income, the increase in food carbon emissions among rural residents (0.406%) is greater than that among urban residents (0.247%); higher prices of meat, poultry, and aquatic products can significantly reduce food carbon emissions, and higher prices of fruits will promote food carbon emissions. The nutritional intake of residents can still be guaranteed under the low-carbon policy. It is worth mentioning that after the price adjustment simulation, residents’ fat intake will be significantly reduced within the recommended range, which is also beneficial to residents’ health. Therefore, appropriately regulating food prices and increasing people’s income would not only ensure nutritional health but also contribute to reducing carbon emissions and creating a sustainable agricultural food system.

Epidemiological characteristics and financial losses due to avian aspergillosis in households in the Almaty region, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Aspergillosis is a severe fungal disease that affects all species and ages of poultry and leads to significant economic losses within the poultry industry. The economic significance of aspergillosis is associated with direct losses due to poultry mortality, a decline in the production of meat and eggs, feed conversion, and poor growth of recovering poultry. Although a decrease in the production of poultry meat and eggs in Kazakhstan due to this fungal disease has been widely reported, studies on the consequent financial losses on affected farms (households) have not been carried out. This study aimed to estimate the financial losses and epidemiological parameters of avian aspergillosis among households affected by the disease in the Almaty region. To achieve the objectives of the research, a survey was conducted involving affected households from February 2018 to July 2019. The affected poultry were diagnosed based on clinical, macroscopical, and microscopical procedures, and once the infection was confirmed, household owners were interviewed. Data were collected from 183 household owners. The median incidence risk and fatality rates were 39 and 26% in chickens, 42 and 22% in turkeys, and 37 and 33% in geese, respectively, with young poultry having a higher incidence risk and fatality rate than adults. Approximately 92.4% of the household owners treated the affected poultry using natural folk methods and 7.6% of household owners used antifungal drugs and antibiotics, spending a median of US $35.20 (min US $0; max US $400) per household throughout the course of the infection. Egg production was reduced by a median of 58.3% when households were affected. The price of poultry fell by a median of 48.6% immediately after recovery due to weight loss. The median of the overall financial losses of households was US $198.50 (min US $11; max US $1,269). The majority of household owners (65%) did not replace their poultry, 9.8% of household owners replaced all their poultry, and the remaining 25.1% replaced only a proportion of the poultry lost at the time of the study. Newly acquired poultry were purchased from neighbors (10.9%), fellow villagers (50%), and state poultry farms (39.1%). This study demonstrates that aspergillosis has an immediate impact on subsistence household owners' livelihoods in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan.

Spatial Dependence of Average Prices for Product Categories and Its Change over Time: Evidence from Daily Data

The price of market products is the result of the interaction of supply and demand. However, within the same country, prices can vary significantly, especially during crisis periods. The purpose of this study is to identify patterns in the changing spatial dependence of the prices of certain product categories, namely pasta, potatoes, sugar, candies, poultry and butter. We used daily data from 1 January 2019, to 31 March 2022, and analyzed two important indicators: spatial variation and spatial autocorrelation of average daily prices. The analysis showed that spatial dependency changes over time and follows its own pattern for each product category. We recognized cyclic changes in spatial autocorrelation and noticed the effect of legislative restrictions on spatial correlations. It has been shown that the spatial variation of prices and spatial autocorrelation can change in different directions.

Use of ultrafiltration in the separation of hydrolysates from mechanically separated chicken meat and evaluation of antioxidant activity

AbstractThe hydrolysate from mechanically separated chicken meat (MSCM) was separated by an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and the total protein and antioxidant activity of the resulting fractions were evaluated. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 58°C, pH 8.5, and 4.62% enzyme (w/w), with 3 h reaction time. For the separation, a flat membrane (4 kDa) of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used, operating tangentially, at pressures of 1.5 and 2.5 bar at 45°C. The retentate and permeate from the UF were analyzed in relation to total protein and antioxidant activity. The permeate flux was evaluated and experimental data fitted by Ho and Zydney's mathematical model to study the fouling phenomenon. The pressure of 2.5 bar resulted in high total protein content and low inhibitory concentration (IC50) value when compared with 1.5 bar. The UF pressures showed different permeate and fouling flux behavior. At 1.5 bar there was a flux reduction by simultaneous cake formation and pore blocking, while at 2.0 bar, there was pore blocking followed by cake formation during the process. The Ho and Zydney model showed the best fit at 1.5 bar with R2 of .9876. According to the results obtained, the hydrolysate showed antioxidant properties with potential for application in foods.Practical applicationsThe poultry industry has stood out in recent decades mainly due to technological advances, making poultry price very competitive, leading to a high consumption of this meat by the population. However, the preference for more noble cuts of chicken meat, such as breast, and thigh, means that in the processing carried out by the industries there is a large production of mechanically separated meat (MSM). MSM is usually used in the production of mortadella, sausages, and others. In addition, it is possible to use MSM to produce protein hydrolysates in order to obtain bioactive peptides, which have functional properties such as antioxidants. Bioactive peptides may have different characteristics due to their molecular size. Thus, the use of membranes can be interesting since they make it possible to separate hydrolysates from MSM to obtain peptides of different sizes which may have different properties, thus being able to add value to this by‐product.

Food markets performance under the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of meat industry in Iran

ABSTRACT This paper presents empirical evidence of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the price structure and dynamics within two food value chains. Different proxies are applied to high-frequency panel data of beef and poultry prices in Iran. Results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic increased markups are associated with reduced cost pass-through along the value chains of beef and poultry in Iran. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic induces market frictions on the supply and demand side, which decreases market performance.

Effect of Broiler Prices on Logistics and Supply Chains In Developing The Poultry Industry In Egypt

This study aimed to study the effect of changes of broiler prices on the profitability of broiler logistics under Egyptian conditions.
 This study was undertaken during the period 2016 – 2020 on random cycles of both broiler and layer farms in three different provinces which were Menofia, Kaliobia and Giza. The data were collected from a cross-sectional survey on the broiler and during the data collection the researcher was contact with the poultry holders and managers. The data were collected from the accurate records which available in the poultry farms of the study areas and from the structured questionnaires methods which established by the researcher and admitted to the farmers during the time of interview, also, the data collected from the Agricultural Directorates of governorates, Livestock development sector and Economic Affairs Sector. The data includes data about logistics costs, returns and net prpfits of broiler production, the data were analyized statistically and economically.
 The price of broilers considered as the main variable affecting the profitability of broiler production farms. The price of poultry affected by the costs of production costs that includes variable and fixed costs
 The results, concluded that, the higher prices of broiler prices observed during the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 than that of years 2016 and 2017 and in winter seasons than the summer seasons. The increasing of broiler prices causes increasing returns level for broiler sales, the summer seasons achieved a higher net profit than the winter seasons due to increasing the level of production costs in winter seasons than the summer seasons.

Price Forecasting Accuracy of the OECD-FAO's Agricultural Outlook and the European Commission DG AGRI's Medium-Term Agricultural Outlook Report

The OECD-FAO's Agricultural Outlook and the European Commission DG AGRI's Medium-term agricultural outlook report provide price forecasts. Users of these forecasts may be interested in their accuracy. This paper measures the accuracy for values forecast for the following year. These are very accurate as regards the AO EU price of poultry, the EC outlook price of common wheat and feed barley, but not so accurate as regards the EC outlookon beef prices. In some cases, discrepancies between the forecasts follow a systematic pattern. The paper also discovers how the OECD-FAO's outlook projections for a common wheat world representative price are changing from year to year. Usually they are positively correlated, but there are certain exceptions where their correlation is significantly negative. This means that the price projections of some commodities may vary dramatically.

Impacts of COVID-19 and Price Transmission in U.S. Meat Markets.

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused ongoing disruptions to U.S. meat markets via demand and supply‐side shocks. Abnormally high prices have been reported at retail outlets and meat packers have been accused of unfair business practices because of widening price spreads. Processing facilities have experienced COVID‐19 outbreaks resulting in shutdowns. Using weekly data on wholesale and retail prices of beef, pork, and poultry, we characterize the time series behavior and dynamic linkages of U.S. meat prices before the COVID‐19 pandemic. We model vertical price transmission using both linear and threshold autoregressive (AR) models and vector error correction (VEC) models. With the estimated models, we then compare price movements under COVID‐19 to model predictions. All three meat markets are well‐integrated and we observe unexpected, large price movements in April and May of 2020. Early COVID‐19 related shocks appear to be transitory with prices returning to expected levels at a pace consistent with the speed of transmission prior to the pandemic. This well‐functioning market process suggests a degree of resilience in U.S. meat supply chains.

Price interactions and causal relationships among corn, exchange rate and animal protein sources in Nigeria

Price transmissions between corn, exchange rate, poultry meat, and fish were investigated using the data from OECD-FAO for the years 1990-2019, to establish the existence of long-term relationships between them and identify their directions of causality, in order to elicit investmentaiding facts. The augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, the Johansen cointegration approach and the Granger causality test were employed. Following the ADF test, all series are I(1), while the cointegration test indicates short-run dynamics between them. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) system reveals that poultry meat price influences all variables, prices of poultry meat and exchange rate relate positively to their own lags, and exchange rate relates positively to lags of poultry meat prices. A positive relationship was noticed between fish price and lags of poultry meat price, while corn price relates positively with lags of poultry meat price. Granger causality tests indicate unidirectional drives from poultry price to fish price, the exchange rate to fish price and poultry meat price to corn price. Responses from prices of fish, corn and poultry to innovations from exchange rate are negative, while positive responses exist in other scenarios. Exchange rate stabilization will mitigate external risks, especially to the fisheries sector, while corn farmers can increase profits in the short-run by exploring knowledge of poultry meat price movements.

The Home and School Food Environments of Senegalese Adolescent Girls

Background: In West Africa, there is scarcity of data on the food environment of adolescent girls even though these factors impact their nutritional status. This study described the school and home food environment of Senegalese adolescent girls living in Dakar city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dakar city, Senegal over a two-month period among adolescent girls aged 13-18 years old (n = 136) years old attending two colleges. Dietary intake and food behaviours were assessed using three 24-hour recalls. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale was used to assess accessibility to food in the adolescents’ home environment. To assess the availability and access to food in their school environment, an inventory of all foods available and their prices was performed in all food outlets located near each college where adolescents purchased food. Principal findings: Two thirds of adolescent girls` households were food insecure. Overall, food outlets sold more unhealthy than healthy foods. The average price of meat, poultry and fish, as well as the average price of sweets were higher than that of other food groups. Conclusions: Results show that Senegalese adolescent girls’ home and school food environments do not support healthy eating. Actions at multiple levels of the food system are needed to improve adolescents’ availability and accessibility to healthy foods.

Experimental investigation and performance evaluation of a solar space heating/cooling and ventilation system for a poultry house in Egypt

AbstractThis research presents an experimental investigation of the space heating/cooling and ventilation system of the poultry houses in Egypt. High temperature and lack of proper environment, poultry production faced heat stress that reduced feed consumption, weight gain, and egg yield. This will lead to reducing production and consequently increased the price of poultry in the local market. The present work provided an experimental study to signify the effectiveness of the evaporative cooling system using several pads that made from low cost, and locally available materials. Designing a proper ventilation system is also introduced. The energy needed for heating and cooling purposes are provided by solar energy equipment. It can provide the system with the required electrical and thermal energy that derive the cooling/heating systems throughout the year. It was found that the system performance is affected by several parameters like type and thickness of pad materials, air temperature distribution inside the poultry house, meteorological conditions, temperatures of the hot water and cooling water. It was found that the highest ambient air temperature reduction is achieved by using pad materials of carton, linen, canvas, and rice straw respectively.

The effectiveness of a phase system feeding of pheasants when intensive rearing for meat

A new phase system of feeding pheasants at their intensive rearing for meat, enhanced by factors of amino acid and energy influence on the young poultry growth rate into account its feeding preferences has been developed and allowing to obtain the live weight of pheasants at the age of 17 weeks at the level of 900 g and more. With the use of this system the yield of gutted carcass of pheasant reaches 60–61 % of the pre-slaughter weight with a sufficiently high specific weight of valuable parts-breast (40–42 %) and legs (29–30 %). In the proposed system of poultry feeding the same type of corn grain component of compound feed is more effective when it is 55 % by weight,. The experimental data confirm that the corn type of feeding pheasants intensively reared for meat, contributes to the activation of feeding behavior of young poultry. At the same time, the total time of feed consumption by poultry per head in comparison with the use of a set grain feeds (wheat – 15 %, barley – 11 %, corn – 31 %, peas – 8 % by weight) significantly increases by 12–13 minutes per day. The increase in feed activity is one of the factors allowing to increase the live weight at 17 weeks by 112,9 g or 14.5 % (P < 0,001) and the weight of pheasant legs after slaughter by 20,0 g or 14,7 % (P < 0,05). At the same time feed expenditures per 100 g of growth are reduced: dry matter by 0,12 kg (22,2 %), metabolic energy by 1,51 MJ or 20,8 %, and raw protein by 0,03 kg or 25 %. The preferential use of corn for fattening makes it possible to reduce the sale price of young poultry of meat purpose in live weight by 53–54 rubles or 15–16 %, and in the form of gutted carcass by 58–59 rubles or 9,5–10,0 %, which increases the effectiveness of pheasant meat production technology.

TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF POULTRY INDUSTRY

Poultry farming is the natural practice of raising turkeys, chickens, ducks, or geese. The birds are raised for domestic or commercial use, for meat, eggs, and feathers. Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, ostriches and emus are main types of poultry farms. This paper encounters the problems of poultry formers and their opinions on various issues relating to production and marketing of poultry products. Based on available imperial evidence, the paper includes that it is production and marketing level to continue to promote poultry to contribute towards poultry farm owners and livelihood support but concerted efforts must bemade to find organizational solutions to minimize public health risks and government provide appropriate extension support on issues like disease prevention, predation, improving hatchability, etc,. Unfortunately most government extension programs in the developing countries are not addressing the needs of poor advice to poultry farmers. Poultry is one of the fastest growing fragments of the agricultural sector in India. The reasons behind the fast growth of the segment are growth in income level of the people, a growing urban population and falling real poultry prices. On the other hand increased investments in breeding,hatching, processing has also contributed significantly towards the growth of the industry. Total egg production in India in 2005 was 46 billion. The six southern states - Andhra Pradesh, Talangana, TamilNadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Punjab are the major producing centers.

Structural demand estimation of the response to food safety regulations in the Japanese poultry market

Since their implementation in 1995, the agreements on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade of the world trade organization have played an increasingly important role in the conduct of international negotiations. This study employs the method of moments estimator proposed by Berry et al. (RAND J Econ 25:242–262, 1995) and Nevo (Econometrica 69(2):513–548, 2001) to estimate the effect of Japanese pesticide residue standards on poultry consumption with a particular focus on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) on pesticide and veterinary drugs. The results confirm that more stringent MRLs on pesticide and veterinary drugs enhance the demand for poultry imports by ensuring higher food safety. The results shed light on Japanese consumers’ robust preference for food safety. The own- and cross-price elasticities further indicate the sensitivity of imported poultry meat to the change in domestic poultry price.

IMPACT OF CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY PRICES ON CHANGES IN RETAIL PRICES OF AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS IN POLAND IN 2007–2016

This paper presents the impact of changes in prices of agricultural products on changes in retail prices of agrifood products. The basis for the study was data on changes in prices of milk, wheat, pork and poultry and derived products in Poland in 2007–2016. A relationship was discovered between the variables, on one side, and lags between the examined time series, on the other. The cross-spectral analysis was used to study the periodicity of changes and lags between time series.

Determinants of Choice of Market Outlet Among Smallholder Poultry Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria

The study examined the factors that influence choice of market outlet among smallholder poultry farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 200 poultry farmers from two Agricultural Development Zones in Oyo state Nigeria. Multinomial logit results showed that household size, contractual agreement, road condition and total number of birds on the farm influenced the choice of local market outlet while years of formal education, years of poultry farming experience, price information and access to extension officers influenced the choice of urban market outlet. The study recommends that extension officers should provide market information to the poultry farmers regularly to enhance smallholder farmers’ commercialization