Price Of Labor Research Articles

Kajian Kebutuhan Tenaga Kerja Proyek Bangunan Gedung Menggunakan AHSP 2016

Construction work can run well if it is supported by good human resource selection factors. If a job without the support of good human resources in terms of quality and productivity, the results obtained will not be optimal and will not be satisfactory. Not only that, the inappropriate use of human resources can cause huge losses to construction projects. To regulate or manage the use of human resources to be more efficient, the contractor must know the level of productivity of each worker. This study aims to determine the coefficient of analysis of the unit price of labor in the field and SNI 2016 and to compare the coefficient of analysis of the unit price in the field and SNI 2016. The research was conducted on a rehabilitation project for facilities and infrastructure in the Sungai Gelam campground area, Jambi province. The data used consists of primary data, namely interview data and secondary data, which consists of work drawings, reports, analysis of work unit prices and RAB. The data obtained were analyzed using the Time & Motion Study method. From the results of the analysis, the results of the evaluation of the need for labor in the field were based on SNI, namely for the coefficient of labor in the field for plastering Ad 1:4 work, it was 0.1411 OH, while based on SNI it was obtained. 0.2550 OH. for the coefficient of labor in the field on the work of Stone Pair 1 stone Ad 1:4 it gets 0.3025 OH while based on SNI it gets 0.4250 OH. Based on the calculation, the coefficient in the field is smaller than the coefficient of the analysis of the SNI work unit price.

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

Algorithmic Personalized Wages

This article explores algorithmically created personalized wages: what they are, what they mean, and what we can do about them. First, it establishes a taxonomy of five different forms of algorithmic wage differentiation: productivity-based wage adjustments, wages shifted through incentive bonuses and demerits, behavioral wages, dynamic wages, and wages shifted to conduct an experiment. It argues that these techniques are likely to spread from gig work to the formal employment context. Second, it argues that the spread of these techniques has democratic implications. They will increase economic and racial inequality. They will harm labor solidarity. Perhaps most importantly, they put workers in a profoundly humiliating position in relationship to their boss, one where speech and autonomy are discouraged because they can lead to lowered pay. Finally, it argues that we should understand these developments as innovations in power and domination and use old antimonopoly strategies as ways to limit the democratic downsides of these tools. We should explore bans or limits on first-degree labor pricing discrimination and enhanced antitrust enforcement.

The impact of labor market trends on consumer and savings behavior of the population

In the article, the author makes the assumption that the state and trends in the modern labor market affect the consumer and savings behavior of the population. As indicators that allow us to identify patterns of formation of consumer and savings behavior of the population, such indicators as employment, unemployment, labor productivity, labor price, average unemployment period, the participation rate of women, men, youth, pensioners, migrants in the workforce, education level, place of residence (city, countryside) can be used, region of the country), consumer spending and savings.The article identifies the main current trends in the Russian labor market that shape the labor behavior of the population and determine the personnel policy of employers. It is in the labor market that the equilibrium price of labor is formed, which is the main component of the current consumption of Russian households.The author also considers the main factors determining the ratio of propensity to consume and save.

Reconstruction of Marx's Theory of Foreign Trade: How Rich Countries Got Rich

Ricardo's theory of comparative advantages is considered to be the only classical theory of foreign trade. In terms of Marx's six books, "Foreign Trade" was supposed to be the fifth book. But the logic of the model – from the abstract to the concrete – allows us to detect elements of the theory of foreign trade in the published volumes of Capital. In volume I, a provision is put forward according to which countries exporting high-tech goods increase national value wealth.Volume III examines at the national level the law of the average rate of profit, which is carried out by redistributing the value created in labor-intensive industries in favor of capital–intensive industries through prices: prices for labor–intensive goods decrease, and prices for capital–intensive ones increase.The law of the average rate of profit operates at the international level. The wealth of nonindustrial countries is redistributed in favor of industrial ones. The reconstructed theory of Marx explains «How rich countries got rich... and why poor countries stay poor» (E. Reinert).

Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Profit Efficiency of Maize Farmers in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria

This study evaluates the adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP) and its effect on the profit efficiency of maize farmers in Oyo and Ogun State of Nigeria. The use of a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 174 and 196 maize farmers from Oyo and Ogun State respectively. Primary data were obtained through questionnaire administration. Analysis of data was done with descriptive statistics, Multivariate Probit Model and stochastic profit frontier model. The result of the study indicated that farmers’ mean age was 40 years, and were operating on a small scale of 5.1 hectares on average. Sustainable practices were adopted by less than half of the farmers. However, improved seed utilization was adopted by more than two third of the farmers. Age, educational level, size of household, extension contact, association membership, and farm size were the determining variables influencing sustainable practices adoption. Multivariate probit results indicated that significant correlations exist between adoption options. Rent on land (β = 0.9919, p<0.01), price of seed (β = -0.5583, p<0.10), price of labour (β = 1.1910, p<0.01), and price of herbicide (β = 0.1639, p<0.01) were the significant variables in the profit efficiency model. SAP factors affecting profit efficiency were the use of organic manure, cover cropping, and zero tillage. This study proved that policy strategies geared towards farmers’ adoption of sustainable agricultural practices should consider farmers’ specific socioeconomic factors and emphasize the complementarities and substitutability between different SAPs to broaden farmers’ options.

Removing Harmful Pericarp Character of Weedy Rice as the First Step of Domestication towards Direct-Seeding Rice Using CRISPR/Cas9-Targeted Mutagenesis

With the scarcity of fresh water resources and the increase in labor prices, rice cultivation is changing from transplanting to direct seeding. Weedy rice is a malignant weed with strong drought tolerance in seed germination in direct-seeding rice fields. As the same species of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) has the potential of domestication into direct-seeding rice with strong drought tolerance in seed germination by changing a few unfavorable traits. The red pericarp, one of the harmful traits of weedy rice, seriously affects the quality and commercial value of cultivated rice. The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regular Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology can accurately edit the function of genes, providing a possibility for the directed evolution. Weedy rice (WRL-162) with red pericarp was used as a mutant material. Two mutation sites, upstream and downstream of the 14 bp differential fragment of exon 6 of Rc gene, were designed using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technique. Consequently, three mutant types in T1 generation weedy rice with CRISPR-Cas9 vector changed from red to white pericarp. One mutant type in T1 generation weedy rice with CRISPR-Cas9 vector maintained red pericarp. Comparing the wild type of weedy rice and rice variety control (Nipponbare), mutant types in T3 generation weedy rice without CRISPR-Cas9 vector significantly improved the drought resistance in seed germination. In addition, there was no significant difference in panicle number, seed setting rate per plant, grain length and width between wild type and T3 generation mutant weedy rice without CRISPR-Cas9 vector. Comparing the wild type, some mutant types in T3 generation weedy rice without CRISPR-Cas9 vector significantly decreased plant height, decreased spikelet number per main panicle, decreased plump seed number per main panicle, and increased 1000-grain weight. Our results showed that the Rc gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology can not only remove the harmful pericarp character of weedy rice, but also improve drought tolerance in seed germination. This study might provide new insights for the utilization of weedy rice as germplasm resources for direct-seeding rice by precisely editing genes to remove unfavorable traits.

Profitability of grazing no‐till established winter cereal pasture and summer cover crops

AbstractNo‐till establishment (NT) and cover crops (CC) are two agricultural practices promoted to reduce externalities with clean‐till (CT) and fallow practices, better soil health, and improve producer profitability. Some research reports economic value for NT on water‐limited cropland acres, helping to advance farmer adoption; however, economic research associated with CC is limited. This study determined the economics of NT and CC for small grain pasture grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains (SGP). Data from a 5‐year, completely randomized design (CRD) grazing experiment were used in mixed‐effects regression models to estimate the effects of establishment method (CT and NT) and either summer fallow (SF) or summer CC on average daily gain (ADG), steer grazing days (SGD), and total gain (TG) ha−1. Enterprise budgeting was used to determine the relative net benefits of CTSF, NTSF, CTCC, and NTCC systems. Winter TG was the same for CTSF and NTSF systems; however, the NTSF realized 39 and 21 kg TG ha−1 more (p ≤ 0.01) than the CTCC and NTCC systems, respectively. TG on CC was 11 kg ha−1 greater (p ≤ 0.01) for NT than CT. NT realized lower costs for machinery labor and fuel than CT, giving it an economic advantage; however, revenues from grazing CC did not outweigh the additional costs of seed, fuel, and chemical applications. Overall, the NTSF system produced US$34.04 ha−1 greater net returns than the next best system. This result was not sensitive to relative changes in prices of glyphosate, labor, fuel, or cover crop seed.

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

Typical measures of wages, such as average hourly earnings, fail to capture cyclicality in the effective cost of labor in the presence of (i) cyclical fluctuations in the quality of worker-firm matches, or (ii) wages being smoothed within employment matches. To address both concerns, we estimate cyclicality in labor’s user cost exploiting the longrun wage in a match to control for match quality. Using NLSY data for 1980 to 2019, we identify three channels by which hiring in a recession affects user cost: It lowers the new-hire wage; it lowers wages going forward in the match; but it also results in higher subsequent separations. All totaled, we find that labor’s user cost is highly procyclical, increasing by more than 4% for a 1 pp decline in the unemployment rate. For large recessions, like the Great Recession, that implies a decline in the price of labor of about 15%.

Impact of Intelligent Manufacturing on Total-Factor Energy Efficiency: Mechanism and Improvement Path

Intelligent technology is the core driving force of the fourth industrial revolution, which has an important impact on high-quality economic development. In this paper, the panel data of 30 provinces from 2006 to 2019 were selected to construct a regression model to conduct an empirical analysis on the role and mechanism of intelligent manufacturing in improving total factor energy efficiency. The research results show that first, the productivity effect, scale effect and resource allocation effect of intelligent manufacturing can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the total factor, and the conclusion is still established after endogenous treatment and robustness testing. Second, the results of the action mechanism show that labor price distortion and carbon emission trading policy are important mechanisms for intelligent manufacturing to improve total-factor energy efficiency. Specifically, the corrected labor price can enhance the motivation of enterprise research and development and innovation and solve the dilemma of the low-end industrial structure, thus improving the efficiency of total-factor energy efficiency. The carbon emission trading policy strengthens the willingness of enterprises to improve the process, eliminate backward equipment and increase the research and development of green technology, and it has a positive regulatory role in the process of improving total-factor energy efficiency in intelligent manufacturing.

Organizational constraints and outsourcing under demand uncertainty: Evidence from the Brazilian electricity distribution industry

This paper examines how public firms’ organizational constraints affect the sensitivity of labor outsourcing to demand uncertainty. We focus on a single industry in which state-owned firms are subject to additional organizational constraints that private firms are not. We mitigate omitted variable bias by considering the endogenous trade-off between insourcing and outsourcing by measuring average labor prices for each firm. We find that, on average, private firms with strong incentives for profit and flexibility rely more on outsourcing; moreover, their outsourcing is more sensitive to relative prices of insourced and outsourced labor. However, when demand uncertainty arises, state-owned firms increase outsourcing more, making their outsourcing less sensitive to input prices. The results suggest the organizational constraints of state-owned firms, such as multiple objectives other than profit maximization and strong labor protection of insourced labor, exacerbate the downside risk of hiring insourced labor under fluctuating demand, leading state-owned firms to rely more on outsourcing.

Technical Efficiency Analysis at BUKU 1 Banks in Indonesia Using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Method Period 2016 – 2017

This study began with an observation of the financial performance of banks in assessing the efficiency of commercial banks in Indonesia in the 2016 period and found inefficiency problems in BUKU I banks based on efficiency values (BOPO) as an indicator of bank efficiency. This study is an analysis of the measurement of bank efficiency values using quantitative analysis with secondary data obtained from the balance sheet and income statement for each bank sample (DMU) for the period 2016 - 2017 using a math-ematical model (linear program) with the Non-Parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) measure-ment method oriented to Input and assume Variable Return to Scale (VRS) with a sample of 17 Bank sam-ple data during the period 2016-2017. In each DMU there are two variables namely input and output, where the input variable consists of Price of Labor (X1), Price of Fund (X2) and Price of Physical Capital (X3) while the output variable consists of Credit (Y1), Interest Income (Y2) and other Operating Income (Y3). From the results of the measurement of efficiency using the DEA method of the 17 bank samples there are 6 efficient banks while 11 other banks are inefficient. The DEA method measurement results also get an inefficient output variable projection value, from 34 inefficiencies of output variables found there are 4 inefficiencies in the given credit variable, 15 inefficiencies in the Interest Income variable and finally 15 inefficiencies in other Operating Income variables. From the measurement of the efficiency value using the DEA method, the Bank's efficiency and inefficiency values are obtained and the factors causing the Bank's inefficiency so that these factors can be used as material for the Bank's evaluation in improving the Bank's strategic planning .

Beef cattle farming with a shepherd system in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the economic efficiency of beef cattle farming with a shepherd system. The study was conducted in Sukabumi District, West Java Regency in 2020. The research respondents were beef cattle farmers with a shepherd system, as many as 25 people. Data were collected using observation and survey methods. The survey was conducted by interview and filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive, economical analysis, and t test. The results showed that the profit of beef cattle business with a shepherd system was $ 609.82/head/year with an R/C ratio of 1.7. Factors that affect the profits of farmers are the price of feed and labor. The conclusion of the study shows that the beef cattle farming with a shepherd system is feasible to be developed.

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

GLOBAL OUTSOURCING DYNAMICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DRIVING BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) TO INDIA AND BANGLADESH, WITH A FOCUS ON INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR LEADING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE

This study examines the complexities of offshore outsourcing undertaken by important corporations in Singapore and Indonesia, whereby they engage in subcontracting their activities to Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) firms located in India and Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to comprehensively examine the various factors that drive, shape, and impact the strategic decision-making process. This study utilises a content analysis approach to thoroughly examine textual data obtained from annual reports, press announcements, business statements, and industry publications. This systematic approach facilitates the provision of qualitative insights pertaining to the determinants of offshore outsourcing decisions, hence contributing to a thorough comprehension of the complex offshore outsourcing environment. The primary conclusions of this study highlight the prevailing rationale behind offshore outsourcing, which is the pursuit of cost effectiveness. Prominent corporations place a high emphasis on the reduction of operational expenses by leveraging the cost advantages associated with lower labour prices in India and Bangladesh. Concurrently, they endeavour to get entry to a proficient pool of talent, acknowledging the presence of specialised talents and domain expertise within certain geographical areas. Additionally, the study emphasises the growing tendency to prioritise core capabilities, resulting in improved productivity and operational efficiency. Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis on the implementation of efficient business continuity planning and risk mitigation techniques, which serve as crucial measures to counteract unexpected interruptions by offering geographic diversity and redundancy. The firms employ many tactics in offshore outsourcing that involve cost optimisation, talent recruiting, risk management, and quality control. Notwithstanding the benefits, overseas outsourcing poses various problems, encompassing cultural and linguistic hurdles, ongoing quality control and data security apprehensions, as well as intricate legal and ethical deliberations. The future implications underscore the need for a balanced approach that effectively reconciles considerations of both cost and quality. In order to effectively navigate the intricate offshore outsourcing landscape, it is advisable to employ strategies that handle cultural and language obstacles, as well as demonstrate vigilance in resolving compliance and ethical problems. This study provides practical recommendations for organisations, while also acknowledging its limitations, particularly the reliance on textual data analysis, which may not fully capture real-time nuances. This study highlights the wider economic and social consequences associated with offshore outsourcing choices, which have an impact on employment markets and corporate strategies in both the nations that outsource and those who receive the outsourced work. This research makes a valuable contribution to the current knowledge of offshore outsourcing by highlighting its varied nature within the context of the global business landscape.

Research on the Operation Mechanism and Optimization Path of Wechat Gig Group

The rise of platform economy accelerates the diversification of labor market forms and makes the combination of labor and capital more diversified. Among them, wechat gig group meets the needs of low-end labor market and provides employment opportunities for homogenous low-end labor groups. In actual operation, wechat gig group, as a small urban labor market in the digital economy, has the advantages of transaction costs, the convergence of labor prices, and the gradual transformation of the working relationship between group owners and group members into community embedments. It is found that there are problems in the operation process such as information overload, man-post mismatch, gray level management that reduces the standardization of labor dispatch and information technology application may inhibit the employment of low-end labor, and puts forward optimization paths from community awareness, man-post dynamic optimization, interest perception and other ways to help the harmony of labor-capital relations in the platform economy period.

GLOBAL OUTSOURCING DYNAMICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DRIVING BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) TO INDIA AND BANGLADESH, WITH A FOCUS ON INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR LEADING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE

This study examines the complexities of offshore outsourcing undertaken by important corporations in Singapore and Indonesia, whereby they engage in subcontracting their activities to Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) firms located in India and Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to comprehensively examine the various factors that drive, shape, and impact the strategic decision-making process. This study utilises a content analysis approach to thoroughly examine textual data obtained from annual reports, press announcements, business statements, and industry publications. This systematic approach facilitates the provision of qualitative insights pertaining to the determinants of offshore outsourcing decisions, hence contributing to a thorough comprehension of the complex offshore outsourcing environment. The primary conclusions of this study highlight the prevailing rationale behind offshore outsourcing, which is the pursuit of cost effectiveness. Prominent corporations place a high emphasis on the reduction of operational expenses by leveraging the cost advantages associated with lower labour prices in India and Bangladesh. Concurrently, they endeavour to get entry to a proficient pool of talent, acknowledging the presence of specialised talents and domain expertise within certain geographical areas. Additionally, the study emphasises the growing tendency to prioritise core capabilities, resulting in improved productivity and operational efficiency. Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis on the implementation of efficient business continuity planning and risk mitigation techniques, which serve as crucial measures to counteract unexpected interruptions by offering geographic diversity and redundancy. The firms employ many tactics in offshore outsourcing that involve cost optimisation, talent recruiting, risk management, and quality control. Notwithstanding the benefits, overseas outsourcing poses various problems, encompassing cultural and linguistic hurdles, ongoing quality control and data security apprehensions, as well as intricate legal and ethical deliberations. The future implications underscore the need for a balanced approach that effectively reconciles considerations of both cost and quality. In order to effectively navigate the intricate offshore outsourcing landscape, it is advisable to employ strategies that handle cultural and language obstacles, as well as demonstrate vigilance in resolving compliance and ethical problems. This study provides practical recommendations for organisations, while also acknowledging its limitations, particularly the reliance on textual data analysis, which may not fully capture real-time nuances. This study highlights the wider economic and social consequences associated with offshore outsourcing choices, which have an impact on employment markets and corporate strategies in both the nations that outsource and those who receive the outsourced work. This research makes a valuable contribution to the current knowledge of offshore outsourcing by highlighting its varied nature within the context of the global business landscape.

CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS OF THE PARADIGM FORMATION AND REGULATION OF THE LABOR MARKET

Introduction. In modern conditions, the economic development of Ukraine is connected with many factors, first of all, with the functioning of the labor market. It is characterized as a complex socio-economic phenomenon of society. Therefore, the study of the conceptual provisions of the paradigm of formation and regulation of the labor market is relevant and timely, given that their results will significantly affect the reproduction and development of labor resources of both enterprises, regions, and the state in general. The purpose of the article is a thorough analysis and systematization of scientific approaches to the creation of a modern paradigm of formation and regulation of the labor market. Research methods. During the writing of the scientific article, the historical method, methods of logical generalization, theoretical analysis and synthesis were applied. The results. Attention is focused on definitions of the concept of "labor market", taking into account that in modern economic literature there is no single interpretation of this concept, sometimes it is defined as "labor market". Different views of the authors on these concepts are due to the purpose of researching specific aspects of labor activity. The analysis of literary sources makes it possible to assert that for the first time the definition of the essence of the labor market was developed in the works of modern researchers who used the scientific results of A. Smith, D. Ricardo, D. S. Mill, K. Marx, A. Marshall, A. Pigou, L. Walrasom, V. Pareto, J. Keynes, P. Samuelson and others.The analysis of the evolution of scientific views on the essence of the concept of "labor market" makes it possible to determine the main stages of its formation and regulation in the context of ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of labor activity in modern conditions. Conclusions. As a result of the generalization of scientific sources, domestic and foreign studies regarding the essence of the "labor market", it was established that there is no unified opinion regarding the definition of the meaning of this concept. This is explained by the complexity and multifaceted nature of the concept, which is in a state of transformation, associated with rapid changes. Defining the conceptual provisions of the paradigm of formation and regulation of the labor market will contribute to the development of economic theory and provide the essence of its conceptual apparatus. Key words: labor market, division of labor, labor price, labor cost, supply and demand, wages.

Determinants of adoption and preferences for Aman rice mutant variety Binadhan-7 cultivation in Bangladesh

This study was conducted in fourteen agricultural regions of Bangladesh namely-Mymensingh, Jashore, Cumilla, Bogura, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Dhaka, Khulna, Chattagram, Rangamati, Barishal and Faridpur. The specific objectives of the present study were: i) to examine the determinants to adoption of rice mutant variety Binadhan-7; and ii) to identify the major preferences and constraints of rice mutant variety Binadhan-7 cultivation; A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Marginal coefficients indicate that if male farmers increased by 100%, the probability of adopting Binadhan-7 variety would increase at 38 times more likely to adopt the variety. If the farm size of Binadhan-7 increased by 100%, the probability of adopting the variety would be increased by 0.07%. A farmer who has access to agricultural extension service is about 39 times more likely to adopt the variety. Again, if the yield increased by 100%, adopting the varieties would increase by 0.08%. The marginal coefficients of duration and soil fertility are negatively significant, indicating that if these two variables increased by 100%, the probability of adopting the varieties would decrease by 0.18% and 28%, respectively. Among the preferences, the highest preference was 88.93% for short duration followed by poverty reduction (88.57%), and lastly high yielding (81.43%). Among the constraints, the highest constraint was 80.71% for high labour price followed by lack of godown (69.64%), marketing problem (67.50%), destroy by bird (66.79%) and lack of quality seed (48.93%).

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS MANAGEMENT

The article considers socio-labor relations as a complex of economic, social, political, legal, socio-cultural, psychological and administrative methods and norms aimed at the effective inclusion and adequate reproduction of the workforce in the labor process on a market basis. Management of social and labor relations is a complex of relations between employees and employers, formed on the basis of market demand, supply and price of labor. It is noted that managerial activity is one of the oldest manifestations of social relations and social interaction of people. It is directly related to inequality in all its manifestations, which requires certain organizational actions, the implementation of conscious decisions, certain volitional efforts. And this leads to the emergence of an appropriate field for management-subordination relations, that is, the basic relations of managerial activity. It is substantiated that the decisive role in the management of social and labor relations belongs to the state, which guarantees citizens a free choice of types of labor activity, promotes employment and employment of workers in accordance with their education and qualifications, abilities and vocations, as well as the real needs and requirements of employers for the quality of employees and the state of the market labor "Management-subordination" relationships can be manifested in any form: voluntary or forced, desired or forced, internal or external, development of managerial decisions and their implementation in practical activities.
 It is emphasized that there are ongoing disputes among specialists regarding the relationship between the categories of "management", "leadership" and "management". Sometimes they are used as synonyms. The article determines that the current state of the theory and practice of management requires the development of new methodological approaches regarding various aspects of management, social mechanisms for making and implementing management decisions, features of management in various types of social organizations, criteria for the effectiveness of management activities, etc. Specialists pay attention to the diversity and variety of existing management approaches: "pulsating management", "innovative management", "transformative management", "self-management", "anti-crisis management", etc.