Diesel Prices Research Articles

Impact of diesel price reforms on asymmetricity of oil price pass-through to inflation: Indian perspective

High-Speed Diesel is a dominantly consumed fuel and, therefore, a major channel through which oil shocks directly affects the Indian macroeconomy. To protect the households and the economy from volatilities of external oil shocks, prior to market-linking of prices in 2013, they were channelled in a controlled manner by managing domestic diesel prices. This intervention, however, introduced asymmetricities in oil shock passthrough. Utilizing the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag model with the Augmented Phillips Curve framework, this study investigates the impact of diesel price deregulation reform on the asymmetric passthrough dynamics of oil shocks to sectorally disaggregated wholesale prices, retail diesel prices and aggregated consumer prices. The results reveal heterogeneous impact of reform across sectors. Broadly, it is found to have significantly reduced short and long-run asymmetricity of oil transmission, quickened propagation of oil shocks - especially of positive ones and reduced extent of passthrough. Moreover, the results exhibit a stronger preference towards passing oil hikes than declines to retail diesel prices in the long-run post-reform. On the aggregate consumer price, reduction in asymmetricity, increment in passthrough and no alteration to the speed of shock propagation has been observed.

Multivariate analysis of efficiency of energy complexes based on renewable energy sources in the system power supply of autonomous consumer

The aim of this study is a multivariate analysis of energy pools based on renewable energy sources in the energy supply system for the independent consumer. The research provides the mathematical formula for optimizing the main parameters and processes of the energy complex (EC) on the basis of renewable energy sources (RES) to supply energy to many independent rural consumers in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Methodology and computation models can take into account additional conditions and constraints, data, which give flexibility and versatility to the computation models. The use of methods and guidelines at the design stage will increase the competitiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Jordanian government based on reliance on alternative energy sources, and improve the overall cost to independent consumers of low energy in rural areas. The article is devoted to the solution of the problem of developing technical solutions for multivariate analysis efficiency of energy complexes based on renewable energy sources in the system power supply of autonomous consumers. However, current global trends are such that the cost of electrolyzes and fuel elements decrease, and their reliability increases. To study the economic efficiency of the application of the hydrogen accumulation system, two models were included in the calculation program. In the first of the model, the increase in diesel fuel prices corresponded to inflation, in the second, the increase in diesel prices fuel outstripped inflation by 5-10% per year. Paying attention to the first option showed that to use the system accumulation of hydrogen is not economically feasible.

A stochastic techno-economic comparison of generation-integrated long duration flywheel, lithium-ion battery, and lead-acid battery energy storage technologies for isolated microgrid applications

Different energy storage technologies can be potentially integrated into microgrids to support variable renewable energy generators. Long-duration flywheel energy storage is considered a new contender in the energy storage market. This energy storage technology has been previously evaluated in a techno-economic study, but it did not consider uncertainties in the model input data. In this work, stochastic techno-economic comparison is performed using microgrid modeling and Monte-Carlo methods to compare long-duration flywheels, lithium-ion batteries, and lead-acid batteries for isolated microgrid and industrial facility. Results generally show a relatively high probability for long-duration flywheels to yield a lower leveized cost of storage (LCOS) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) compared to lithium-ion batteries in 2020. Higher probability can be attained when the overnight component cost of long-duration flywheels is reduced or when overnight diesel prices are high. However, the chances of long-duration flywheels yielding lower LCOS and LCOE rapidly decreases as time progresses. Long-duration flywheel manufacturers and promoters must find ways to accelerate price reduction by 2.5× from baseline to secure a better chance of yielding a lower LCOS in 2050.

Analysing Monetary Factors that Influence the Coastal Fisherman Income during COVID-19 Pandemic in West Aceh Regency, Indonesia

This study analyses the fisherman’s income through monetary factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in coastal areas of West Aceh Regency in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study applied cross-section data over 2021 using descriptive quantitative research and OLS model analysis (Ordinary Least Square). Research revealed monetary factors in terms of the inflation of groceries price negatively influenced the fisherman income at West Aceh Regency. Meanwhile, the diesel price variable positively influenced fisherman’s income. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in groceries price (inflation) by 1,06 times or the consumer price index (CPI) of groceries price at 106 percent. However, diesel prices were still the same as before the COVID-19 pandemic because fishermen used subsidised fuel at IDR 5.150 per litre. However, the quota of subsidised diesel did not fulfil the fisherman needs, so they must buy non-subsidised diesel. It impacted the operational fishing cost, which was bigger than the fisherman’s income. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the average fisherman’s income decreased to IDR 1.500.000-IDR 3.000.000 each trip compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic at IDR 5.000.000- IDR 7.000.000 each trip. It was caused by low fish prices caused by the decreasing fish demand.

Integrating the Role of Green Fiscal Policies With Energy Prices Volatility and Energy Efficiency: Presenting a COVID-19 Perspective

Energy and other related sectors are changing in China. This study attempted to estimate the energy product price volatility with energy efficiency during COVID-19 with the role of green fiscal policies. For this, we applied unit-root tests, ADCC-GARCH, and CO-GARCH techniques to infer the study findings. The results showed that energy price volatility was significantly connected until 2018. More so, the green fiscal policies were significantly connected between energy product price volatility and energy efficiency during COVID-19 (2019–2020). From energy products, the crude oil price volatility was significant at 16.4%, heating oil volatility was significant at 18.2%, natural oil price volatility was 9.7%, gasoline price volatility was 28.7%, and diesel price volatility was 34.1% significant with energy efficiency, due to the intervening role of green fiscal policies. The findings of this study are robust in comparison to previous studies. Multiple stakeholders can take guidelines from the findings of the recent study. As per our best understanding and knowledge, if suggested recommendations are implemented effectively, these results will help to enhance energy efficiency through green fiscal policies in the post-COVID period.

Nontraditional sources for biodiesel production in Malaysia: The economic evaluation of hemp, jatropha, and kenaf biodiesel

Three feedstocks, hemp, jatropha, and kenaf, are economically evaluated to produce biodiesel for Malaysia and whether they could improve its sustainability and reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector. This study uses a partial equilibrium model, called the Malaysian Agriculture and Plantation Greenhouse Gas Model, to evaluate the potential feedstocks. The model represents the major agricultural commodities of Malaysia and forecasts market prices and quantities between 2024 and 2064. The results show that hemp and kenaf biodiesel can compete with the retail diesel price at the pump. Both hemp and kenaf are sustainable, and these two commodities produce two valuable coproducts: fiber and seed cake. The seed cake helps Malaysia offset some animal feed imports since Malaysia relies on imported feed to support its poultry and cattle industries. Furthermore, hemp and kenaf biodiesel production increases agricultural employment and mitigates some carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in the transportation sector. Jatropha biodiesel is not economically feasible because this commodity produces biodiesel and no valuable coproducts. If jatropha could be genetically altered to make less toxic seed cake or yield other valuable coproducts, then jatropha biodiesel could become economically viable.

Energy prices and the macroeconomy: new evidence from Hodrick–Prescott and Hamilton filters

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the cyclical associations among energy prices and key macroeconomic variables for the USA.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, the recently developed Hamilton filter (HF) and the oft-used Hodrick–Prescott filter (HPF) are used. The two methods produce starkly different results regarding the relationships between energy prices on the one hand and output and employment on the other.FindingsWhile the HF suggests that energy prices are acyclical, the HPF suggests they are procyclical. However, the associations between energy prices and inflation are robust across the two methods, indicating that energy prices are strongly correlated with – and lead – the consumer price index (CPI). Furthermore, unlike the results produced by the HPF, those produced by the HF are robust across seasonally adjusted and unadjusted data.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the inherent seasonality in energy prices and the differences in the underlying processes that generate macroeconomic and energy prices, the results obtained from the HPF filter should be interpreted with caution.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that uses the recently developed HF to examine the associations between the cyclical behaviors of three key macroeconomic variables in the USA – the industrial production index, the CPI, and total nonfarm employment – and the prices of natural gas, crude oil, gasoline, diesel, and heating oil. Second, this study presents a comparison of the results produced by the two filtering techniques. Third, recognizing that energy prices are characterized by seasonality, this study tests the robustness of the results produced by the two filters across seasonally adjusted and unadjusted data.

Achieving Diesel Powertrain Ownership Parity in Battery Electric Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicles Using a Rapid Recurrent Recharging Architecture

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Battery electric vehicles (BEV) in heavy duty (HD) commercial freight transport face challenging technoeconomic barriers to adoption. Specifically, beyond safety and compliance, fleet and operational logistics require both high up-time and parity with diesel system productivity/Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to enable strong adoption of electrified powertrains. At present, relatively high energy storage prices coupled with the increased weight of BEV systems limit the practicality of HD commercial freight transport to shorter range applications, where smaller batteries will suffice for the mission energy requirements (single operational shift). This paper presents an approach to extend the feasibility of BEV HD trucking for a broad range of applications. The concept is based on the leveraging rapid and recurrent recharging of a BEV HD truck that may either already make frequent stops due to shipment drop-offs/reloading or be required to make frequent stops along with longer missions for recharging. While the challenges of the latter are well appreciated, the concept proposed explores making minimal impact to overall mission time by targeting high C-rate charging while optimizing the frequency (miles) through which these events must occur. The concept optimizes battery size and chemistry, such that the expected life (years and total energy throughput) is balanced with the depth of discharge between recharging events, thus making complete use of the energy available through the life of the battery system. The solution is constrained to minimize the impact on payload capacity. The paper analyzes critical levers in achieving diesel price parity (based on a simplified vehicle TCO), achieved through different purchase options (including lease versus buy) and operational models (half-life swap out). Finally, the paper identifies the application design domain where these solutions are viable with limited impact on fleet operations.</div></div>

Data-driven optimal planning for hybrid renewable energy system management in smart campus: A case study

Academic and research institutions need to be at the forefront of research and development efforts on sustainable energy transition towards achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 7. Thus, the most economically feasible hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) option for meeting the energy demands of Covenant University was investigated in this study. Several optimal combinations of energy resource components and storage which have significant potentials within the university campus were modeled on HOMER software in grid-connected mode. The daily energy consumption data of Covenant University were measured using EDMI Mk10E digital energy meter for a whole year. Data for analyzing renewable energy potentials for several years were sourced from the NASA database through the HOMER platform. Significantly, due to the fluctuating price of diesel fuel in Nigeria, sensitivity analysis was carried out for each combination using diesel fuel prices ranging from 0.3 $/litre to 1 $/litre. The results of each projected combination which gave 32 simulation scenarios, were analyzed comparatively using eight important system performance indices which cover economic, technical, and environmental impact assessment with and without battery energy systems. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the PV-Diesel-Grid-BESS HRES is the best configuration for meeting the Covenant university load demands in terms of credible reduction in the net present cost and cost of electricity. However, deployment of the wind energy system is economically infeasible at the study site, while the diesel generator should be strictly a backup.

Determination by infrared spectroscopy of triacetin content in diesel: A tool for countering designer fuel frauds

Taxation on fuels is an important share of fiscal revenues of most countries. Among the most abundant petrochemicals in the market, gas oil, or diesel, is particularly important, and it is commonly used as fuel for heating systems and for vehicles such as cars and trucks, but also for farm machinery and boats. Due to its wide range of applications and to the fact that most of the final price of diesel is made up of taxes, the phenomenon of designer fuels is increasingly common. Designer fuels are fuels in which some chemical and physical characteristics are fraudulently modified in order to classify them as other goods, e.g. lubricating oils or solvents, which are subject to lower or no taxes.Triacetin is a frequently employed additive for changing the classification of heavy distillates into lubricant oils, and it is therefore important, for a customs office, to be able to assess its presence as quickly and easily as possible, both inside or outside the laboratory. This paper proposes a method based on IR spectroscopy for the detection and quantification of triacetin in diesel, in an inexpensive but effective way. The analytical protocol presented allows a limit of quantification as low as 0.3% v/v, it is robust, precise and accurate enough to yield data useful for the customs agent to take decisions without further lengthy procedures.

Microgrid System Evaluation Using Capacity Factor For an Off-grid Community in Nigeria

With the high rate of economic development, there is an increasing load demand even in rural communities and Obayantor in Nigeria. Obayantor, having zero connection to the primary grid, needs electricity. Following the community located in a tropical rejoin of Nigeria, it has enough solar energy sources. With the high price of diesel fuel, solar microgrid seems to be the best energy solution for the rural community. In this study, technical and economic analysis was carried out on the solar-based microgrid and compared with a diesel-only microgrid using MATLAB Software tool. The results show that the solar microgrid is more cost-effective and has a cheaper COE, affordable for the rural community compared with the diesel microgrid, which is more expensive to afford. The Annual system cost for the solar microgrid was lower compared with the diesel source. The result also revealed that the diesel-alone microgrid system is 4.71 times and 0.2 times more costly than the solar-based microgrid system in terms of the cost of energy and ASC, respectively. Thereby making the diesel microgrid not having technical and economic feasibility for the community.

End Fuel Prices and Their Drivers in the Czech Republic

This paper deals with understanding drivers influencing the end price of fuels in the Czech Republic and ramifications for relevant companies. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of all relevant elements that have been influencing end prices of gasoline and diesel during last 8 years, understand their leverage and uncover which of those were the most important for this development. These are then researched using mainly graphical analysis and statistical tools. The delivery is that both prices of gasoline and diesel are highly correlated with the price development of crude oil and the prices of their respective commoditized barges expressed in the nominal value of CZK. It was also discovered that there are visible tendencies for asymmetrical pricing reaction and reaction lags, which could serve as a basis for a follow-up work. We also tried to examine the level in which Czech crown as a national currency provides cushion against up and down swings in commodity markets. Based on these findings several conclusive recommendations for relevant companies were built and delivered.

Reducing carbon emissions of industrial large livestock farms using hybrid renewable energy systems

Industrial livestock farms emit greenhouse gases from various sources, including the milking parlor, the livestock storage environment, and the mass of manure stored. This research aims to reduce the emissions produced by large industrial livestock farms by implementing several hybrid renewable energy systems. To this end, various scenarios are simulated for a single case study, and the results are then generalized to all farms in the country. A novel approach is used in this study to cover a country's industrial livestock farms with a comprehensive plan. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) Pro software was employed to simulate and analyze energy configurations.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that both primary and deferred loads are considered. Throughout the project's duration, a multi-year sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the reliability of the obtained results. The degradation of photovoltaic panels, the price of diesel fuel, the electrical load, the inflation rate, and the discount rate are considered. The results indicate that by utilizing a solar/biogas/diesel/battery system while remaining connected to the grid, an average of 778 tons of carbon emissions per year can be avoided at a net present cost of $2.53m and an Cost of Energy of 0.083 $/kWh. This calculation was made by utilizing the biomass produced by all industrial livestock farms in a country to meet its energy needs, where 665,755 tons of carbon emissions could be avoided (average amount of 176.15 kg of CO2 per animal). Additionally, the research demonstrates that as solar panels degrade and diesel prices rise, biogas consumption increases by 7%, and diesel consumption decreases by 14% in the optimal scenario.

Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price and Income in Nigeria UEDT, 1980 – 2019: The NARDL Approach

The study adopted the NARDL model study transportation fuel demand and its asymmetric effects of oil price and income variation on demand for gasoline fuel and diesel fuel in Nigeria. It pays attention to the short-run and long-run nonlinearities demands and supply conditions via positive and negative partial sum decomposition of oil price and income. Variables used in the study are a mixture of I (0) and I (1) series which justified the use of the Bounds test approach to cointegration. Thus, the result of the Bounds test affirms the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship. Alternatively result of the NARDL model showed that both gasoline and diesel prices and income have short-run and long-run asymmetric effects on gasoline and diesel fuel demand by the transport sector in Nigeria. However, the degree of responsiveness of both gasoline and diesel fuel demand to changes in oil price and income is more on changes in income than changes in oil prices in the short run. It confirmed that population has a strong influence on passenger fuel demand than freight fuel demand which affirms the theory. It, therefore, recommends that government should embark on more structural policies that could control oil prices and stimulate economic activities in Nigeria. Keywords: Asymmetric oil price, income, Disaggregated Transpiration fuels Demand in Nigeria, UEDT and Nonlinear Auto Regression Distributed Lag (NARDL). DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-6-08 Publication date: March 31 st 2022

An Investigation on the Impacts of Fuel Carrier Price on the Consumer Price Inflation in Iran

Introduction: Oil is one of the primary commodities of all countries globally and is, in essence, the energy base of all that we know as transportation. Therefore, price fluctuations of derivatives, especially fuel and oil derivatives, are the policymakers’ main concerns because they can cause serious problems, such as inflation in commodity prices. Objective: The impact of fuel carriers’ prices on the consumer price index remains a subject of debate and research. This paper aims to develop a model to define the inflation regime in Iran and then investigate the impact of gasoline and diesel price on the total inflation rate. Method: In this study, using the central bank time series and available data on energy balance and World Bank data banks, a non-linear distributed online delay regression model is developed to analyze the relationship between fuel price and essential commodity inflation. Results: The results show that there is an impact of gasoline prices on inflation. It does not have much effect in the long term, but diesel can somewhat influence raising prices, which can exacerbate poverty in the community that needs special attention. Conclusion: It was also found that increase in diesel’s price is harmful to the economy because it can stimulate inflation in the long term. However, in the short term, diesel does not cause any significant inflation in the prices. While gasoline prices can have many short-term social effects, this paper suggests that the Iranian government's control of diesel fuel prices prevents long-term inflation and inflation in consumer price rate.

Impacts of Fuel Subsidy Rationalization on Sectoral Output and Employment in Malaysia

Large allocations for fuel subsidies have long put the Government of Malaysia’s budget under great strain. Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, this paper evaluates the impact of fuel subsidy rationalization on sectoral output and employment. Employment is classified into occupational categories and skill levels. Fuel subsidies were measured using the disaggregation of prices for petrol, diesel, and other fuel products. Findings show that removing fuel subsidies would hit economic performance through high input costs, specifically for industries closely attached to the petroleum refinery sector. The manufacturing sector has the largest reduction in output and employment. Nevertheless, high- and medium-skilled labor forces experience increased demand. To increase economic efficiency, the savings from the removal of fuel subsidies should be put toward policies such as sales tax reduction. This study provides useful information for policy makers in evaluating or updating current subsidy policies to reduce economic losses.

Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Off-Grid Applications in Chad

In this study, a techno-economic feasibility analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems for four household categories in rural areas of Chad was studied based on the multi-criteria assessment technique. The problem of this study is to know the best optimal solution in the technical and economic feasibility study of the decentralized mini-grids for the rural electrification of isolated villages in Chad. The main objective of the work is to assess technically, economically and environmentally the feasibility of six scenarios of hybrid systems in five isolated sites in Chad. The performance analysis involved six scenarios of possible hybrid solutions while achieving a supply-demand balance for sustainable electrification of the remote villages, using the HOMER software. The results have shown that the optimum combination of the hybrid system was the photovoltaic/battery system with a Net Present Cost (NPC) of US $ 328,146 and it was found at Etena village. The photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery hybrid configuration was the least optimum system and it has appeared in Mandelia village. In terms of energy cost, the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was estimated at US $ 0.236/kWh in a photovoltaic/Wind/Battery configuration at Koundoul site and the highest costs US $ 0.363/kWh in the photovoltaic/Battery configuration at the Linia site. It is established that hybrid solutions can be developed to make electricity available and accessible to the population of the remote rural areas in Chad. However, it is imperative that the local government must subsidize the diesel price to promote the adaptation of the abundant renewable solutions.

Techno-economic assessment of a hybrid solar PV/syngas/battery power system for off-grid application: Long Pahangai-Indonesia case study

This paper presents the design of the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) composed of photovoltaic, batteries, biomass gasifiers, and diesel generators to determine the optimal configuration of the system located in Long Pahangai, Indonesia. Long pahangai is one of the remote villages in Indonesia that has not enjoyed 24-hour electricity. This paper presents optimal modeling of the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) to find the most cost-effective configurations for electricity requirement of 1.219,1 kWh/day primary load. The results suggest that a PV-Diesel-Gasifier-Battery system is the best optimal design for Long Pahangai in terms of cost of energy (COE) and Total Net Present Cost (TNPC). The sensitivity analysis also identifies the influence of diesel price, biomass price, biomass gasification ratio, substitution ratio, and minimum fossil fraction.

Market fragmentation of energy resource prices and green total factor energy efficiency in China

This paper studies the market fragmentation condition of energy resource (such as coal, gasoline, diesel and electricity) prices by using the relative price method and analyzes its impact on China's green total factor energy efficiency. Results shows that: (1) Market fragmentation of China's energy resource prices presents an inverted U-shaped curve in 2004–2009, and then tend to be stable in 2010–2018 with a peak in 2007. The market fragmentation of China's energy resource prices of energy transfers out provinces is more serious than that of energy transfer in provinces. (2) The trend of China's green total factor energy efficiency presents N-shape curve in 2004–2014, and then it tends to be stable around 0.850 in 2015–2018. The green total factor energy efficiency of energy transfers out provinces is lower. Phenomenon of “energy efficiency curse” is significant in China. (3) Impact of market fragmentation of energy resource prices on green total factor energy efficiency also presents an inverted U-shaped curve. And at current stage, reducing the degree of market fragmentation of China's energy resource prices is conducive to the improvement of green total factor energy efficiency. According to the study results, we believe that reduce the market fragmentation of energy resource prices and promote the internal opening of the energy market, promote demand side management measures such as energy performance contracting, reduce the proportion of coal consumption in total energy consumption and improving energy efficiency, increase green total factor energy efficiency of energy transfer out provinces are all effective ways to improve China's green total factor energy efficiency.

Impact of Goods and Services Tax on Petroleum Products to Curb Prices in India — A Study

Prices of Petroleum Products i.e. Petrol and Diesel have gone up day by day. Still, petroleum products are out of the regime of Goods and Services Tax. Excise Duty, VAT and Dealers Commission are presently the three taxes in Petroleum Products. In our Study, we have seen that excise duty per litre of petrol and diesel increases by 248% and 793% in seven years. Collection of Excise Duty and VAT also increase over the years. So, in order to curb petrol and diesel prices, there is a huge need to include petrol prices under the regime of GST. In our study, we have found that if petrol and diesel come under the ambit of GST, then projected price per litre will come down. Similarly, State’s exchequer will lose revenue if petrol and diesel will come under the highest slab in GST. So, Govt. of India through the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has taken some initiatives to include the petroleum products under the regime of GST in order to curb the price hike.