Price Of Cassava Research Articles

Analysis of the volatility of the price of cassava in Cameroon: implications for food security

With a contribution of up to 71% to CEMAC production, Cameroon is one of the major producers of cassava and taro, accounting for more than 83% of root and tuber production. It is the 11th largest producer in the world and the 4th in Africa. Cassava is a vital food source for over 500 million people, ranking as the third-largest source of calories in the tropics after rice and maize. Its importance as a source of income for the majority of poor rural farmers in Cameroon cannot be overstated. However, there has been a persistent increase in the prices of cassava and other food commodities in Cameroon. This study was designed to investigate the determinants of cassava price volatility in Cameroon over the period 1994-2022. The TAR-MTAR method was employed in this study. Our results showed that cassava prices increased significantly by an average of 46% annually, with a volatility level of 30.8% annually and 177.8% over the entire period (1994-2022). This indicates that cassava prices have been rising rapidly and unpredictably, which can have various implications for consumers, farmers, and the economy as a whole. The research demonstrated that cassava price volatility occurred at the beginning, middle, and end of the year due to factors such as climate change, cassava yield, and interest rates. It has been suggested that the government should implement a mapping policy and selling models to ensure a stable supply of cassava.

NILAI TAMBAH DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK OLAHAN TAPE PADA AGROINDUSTRI RAJA TAPE 31 DI KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO

Raja Tape 31 agro-industry is a tape-processed agro-industry located in Nangkaan Village, Bondowoso Regency. It has a problem with decreasing sales volume due to the Covid-19 pandemic, while the price of cassava and its raw materials are getting expensive and difficult to obtain. This research aims to identify sales volume, added value, channels and marketing margins. The sampling method is purposive sampling method. Methods of data analysis using descriptive statistics, Hayami added value table, marketing channels and margins analysis. The results show that the sales volume of Raja Tape 31 Agroindustry experienced sales fluctuations and sales of dodol tape and pia tape decreased by 25-30%. The added value of processed tape products into dodol tape and pia tape at Raja Tape 31 Agroindustry provides positive added value where VA > 0. The added value of dodol tape is Rp.6,471.75/kg of raw tape and glutinous rice flour with a value added ratio of 18.34 %. Meanwhile, the added value of pia tape is Rp.46,202.61/kg of tape raw materials and wheat flour with an added value ratio of 40.62%. There are two marketing channel patterns for dodol tape and pia tape products in the Raja Tape 31 Agro-industry in Bondowoso Regency, namely: a. Marketing channel I (Level zero): Producers – Consumers. b. Marketing channel II (Level one): Producers - Retailers - Consumers. (4) The margin for marketing channel I for dodol tape is 0 and for marketing channel level II for dodol tape is Rp. 2,000 with distribution for a 45.00% profit share and 9.00% costs. The margin for marketing channel I pia tape is 0 and marketing channel II is Rp.3000 with a profit share distribution of 63.33% and costs 12.67%.

Assessment of lands for cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz; Euphorbiaceae, Magnoliopsida) cultivation using the AHP-GISRemote Sensing technique

The objective of present study was to assess the physical land capacity for an annual cassava crop, aiming to understanding spatial parameters and environment parameters required for locating potential areas of cassava cultivation. According to FAO guidelines, a spatial model was built to assess the potential land for facilitating sustainable cassava production through the integration of the AHP-GIS-Remote Sensing method. The present study showed that the land analysis indicatedthat the high potential land was 6101.1 ha (8% total area), concentrated in the middle and eastern part of the study area. These areas face limitations for the cultivation of cassava due to climatic conditions of the minimum temperature of the coldest month (P3 < 14°C), average annual sunny hours (P5 < 1500 h) and potential factors for providing quality products (LULC, annual precipitation and soil pH are the most significant factors). The areas of cassava crop cultivation were simultaneously reduced. Still, the reason for that has been not dependent on the physical environmental conditions, the limiting factors from the domestic market, backward processing technology, and the purchase price of raw cassava may possibly play a prominent role in the local farms.

SUPPLY OF CASSAVA IN MAGELANG DISTRICT CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

Cassava is a commodity that has the potential to be developed into a regional superior product. Cassava can be processed into other forms of food that are consumed by the community and one of the centers is in Magelang Regency. This study aims to analyze what factors influence the supply of cassava in Magelang Regency. The data used comes from secondary data. The data used from 2008 to 2022 comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The results of the study stated that the supply of cassava in Magelang Regency was jointly influenced by the previous year's cassava price, the previous year's sweet potato price, the previous year's cassava production, the harvested area of ​​the previous year's cassava, the previous year's corn price. Meanwhile, partially the supply of cassava in Magelang Regency was influenced by the price of sweet potatoes in the previous year and the cassava harvested area in the previous year. Based on the results of the analysis, the price elasticity of cassava in the previous year on cassava supply in Magelang Regency was inelastic for both short-term elasticity (0.701) and long-term elasticity (0.02).

Strategy of Development Cilembu Sweet Potato Farming Sustainably

Efforts to develop sweet potato farming in Cilembu Village are a form of adaptation by farmers in facing reduced productivity of the Neerkom variety. This study aims to explain efforts to develop ecological, economic, and socio-cultural factors in order to create sustainable Cilembu sweet potato farming. This research was conducted using qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques were carried out using questionnaires, in-depth interviews with farmers, traders, researchers, and agricultural extension workers from the Sumedang District Agriculture Service, as well as observation and documentation. Development of ecological factors, namely plant age, adaptability, cultivation techniques, physical cassava, and taste of cassava. The development of economic factors includes land area, productivity, production costs, cassava prices, income, and market demand. Development of socio-cultural factors, namely the age of farmers, education, farming experience, and habits. These three factors are interrelated, in which implementation requires good coordination among relevant stakeholders, namely farmers, traders, credit institutions, agricultural extension workers, and agricultural researchers in order to be able to drive sustainable agricultural development, especially in rural areas.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Petani Singkong Melalui Pemanfaatan Pangan Lokal di Desa Panaikang Kabupaten Gowa

Indonesia's food security program is one of the most important programs related to population growth in Indonesia and is expected to provide communities with adequate food in both quantity and quality. Foods that need to be covered include local staples, carbohydrate sources, or calorie sources. Cassava is a food source of carbohydrates and horticultural crops and is easily damaged by improper handling.The low price of cassava at the farm level results in losses. Therefore, there is a need for technology that can process cassava into products with higher economic value than raw cassava. Mocha flour making activity was held in Panaykan Village, Gowa District in December 2022 with a total of 24 participants from local farmer groups. This activity begins with a consultation, followed by a training session on how to make mocha flour. Optimizing the use of cassava as a mocha flour is expected to bring greater retail value, improving both economic income and public health.

Analysis of Transaction Costs and Market Participation among Cassava Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

This study examined the effects of transaction cost variables on market participation among cassava farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. This was with a view to providing insight into how transaction cost factors can be managed to ensure that cassava farmers in Osun State participate more in the market for the purpose of promoting cassava production and hence agricultural growth as well as reducing poverty among the rural community. Access to market information, non-farm work, road condition, credit availability, access to telecommunication facilities, personal transport, farm size, farming experience, price of cassava, market distance, transport cost, dependency ratio, as well as age were used as proxies for transaction costs. The study made use of primary data by administering copies of a well-structured questionnaire to 100 cassava farmers drawn from three local governments in the State. Data obtained were analysed descriptively using frequencies, tables, simple percentages as well as pie and bar charts. Data collected were also analysed by inferential statistical procedure using Logit regression model. Results of the logit regression showed that access to market information and farm size have significant positive effects on cassava farmers’ participation in the market (). Findings also revealed that cost of transportation and dependency ratio have weakly significant negative effects on the probability of cassava farmers participating in the market (). The study concluded that access to market information and farm size play significant positive roles in the participation of cassava farmers in the market. Thus, policies that are aimed at lowering transaction costs through the creation of an enabling environment in which farmers can easily access market information, cultivate more farmlands and incur low cost of transportation are recommended.

Forecasting and Clustering of Cassava Price by Machine Learning (A study of Cassava prices in Thailand)

Forecasting and Clustering the price of cassava is essential for agriculture, but the difficult part of forecasting is price fluctuation, in which the fact of prices is going up and down and be changed monthly. The paper proposes to forecast the price of Cassava by machine learning. The process had been calculated by the price of Cassava from January 2005 to February 2022, which has been collected for 17 years by the Office of Agricultural Economics, Ministry of Agriculture, and Cooperatives. The research on forecasting found that the method of Support Vector Machine including using add-on feature with Garlic Price and Potato Price showing the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) with the lowest point as of 0.10. If comparing to the Conventional method with the equal database. The result shows that the proposed method demonstrates the value of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as 3.35%, it displays more effectively as 0.61%. For the final process of clustering the price by analyzing with K-mean, the result came up with a peak pricing period in December of 14.08%. Subsequently, the agricultures would apply the research result to implement their planting plan for profit-making.

Analysis of the Trend and Determinants of Cassava Consumption in Nigeria (1970 – 2020): Implications for Food Security Goal of the Nation

Considering the rate at which the country’s population increases, there is need to match the level of food production with the population growth of the nation. Hence, assessing the trend and determinants of cassava consumption is an important step towards achieving the food security goal of the nation. This study therefore analyzed the determinants of cassava consumption in Nigeria from 1970 – 2020 with the aim of providing empirical results of the trend and determinants of cassava consumption in the country. Time series data collected, spanning from 1970 – 2020 were tested for stationarity using ADF unit root test and analyzed using trend and regression analyses and the Error Correction Model (ECM). The ADF test showed that only per capita income was stationary at level, I (0), other variables were stationary at first difference, I (1) while population was stationary at second difference, I (2). The trend analysis showed that cassava consumption was generally on the increase over the period of study. The coefficients of population, per capita income, cassava production and exchange rate were positively related to cassava consumption and statistically significant at 1% probability level while the ECM shows that the coefficient (-0.9359) was negative and statistically significant at 1% probability level (P < 0.01), which indicates a long run relationship between the variables in the model and cassava consumption. The study therefore concludes that there was a general increasing trend in cassava consumption over the period of study and that the major determinants of cassava consumption in Nigeria were population growth, per capita income, price of cassava and cassava production. Based on the research findings, it was recommended that cassava being one of the priority crops on the Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) should be given priority in order to increase the level of production of the crop.

POLA HUBUNGAN OPTIMAL PADA AGRIBISNIS UBIKAYU DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH (Kasus Pada PT XYZ, Kecamatan Rumbia, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah)

The decline in the performance of cassava production has resulted in a decrease in the level of income of the agro-industry and the high uncertainty of the tapioca agro-industry in recent years. Weak coordination between farmers and industry worsens the existing condition of cassava agribusiness. On the one hand, factories have shortages and surpluses of raw materials in certain months of the year, but on the other hand, farmers experience extreme fluctuations in the price of cassava. This study aims to identify the optimal relationship pattern between the tapioca agroindustry at PT XYZ and farmers by using a goal programming model. The research used a case study method at PT XYZ in Central Lampung Regency and a survey of 78 cassava farmers in Central Lampung Regency. The research was conducted in February 2019. The analytical method used is an optimal planning model with a goal programming mathematical model and a qualitative descriptive analysis method to find the right relationship pattern. The results showed the optimal solution in the absorption of raw materials and tapioca production, which was an average of 5,328,554 kg of cassava per month and 1,323,390 kg of tapioca per month, or an increase of 70% and 85% from the actual condition. In addition, the ideal optimal relationship pattern to be able to provide justice for both factories and farmers is a strong sustainable coordination pattern. Key words: Cassava, Optimal Relationship, Tapioca Agroindustry

Analysis of rice supply determinants in North Sumatera

The problem of rice supply is a continuous problem that continues to affect food security in North Sumatra every year. This study aims to find out the factors related to the problem of rice supply and what factors have a significant effect on rice supply. The study was conducted in North Sumatera with the consideration of a decrease in production that could interfere with food security. The results showed that several factors had a major influence on rice supply, including rice prices, rice production, rice consumption, rice imports, government rice reserves, land conversion, prices of production factors such as fertilizers, land conversion and food diversification. Some variables that have a significant effect on rice supply include North Sumatera Rice Price (NSRP), North Sumatera Harvest Area (NSHA) and North Sumatera Fertilizer Price (NSFP). Two variables that have a positive effect are NSHA and NSFP, while one variable has a negative effect, namely NSRP. Of the five variables, there are two variables that have no significant effect, namely North Sumatera Rice Consumption (NSRC), North Sumatera Cassava Price (NSCP).

Analysis of Food Expenditures of Rice Farmers in Flooding Prone Region in South Lampung District, Lampung Province

Flooding frequently happened in South Lampung District between January and February which caused loss of production significantly to rice farmers. This study aims at analysing model of food expenditures of paddy farmers using survey method. The study involved 120 farmers who were randomly selected from flooding prone area and was carried out in July-September 2020. Data were analysed using regression model where dependent variable is food expenditures, and independent variables include rice production, corn production, loss of production due to flooding, family income, number of owning livestock, price of rice, price of cassava, and number of family member. Before regression analysis was run, the study did standard test for ordinary least-squares (OLS) such as multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The data passed all the required tests. The study suggests that factors affecting food expenditures include rice production, corn production, family income, price of cassava, loss of production due to flooding, and price of rice. The model concludes R2 is 0.543 suggesting that there is still about 45% of other factors that were not included in the model. The t-test suggests that rice production, family income, and price of cassava have a highly significant influence in affecting the farmers’ food expenditure in South Lampung District.

Analysis of Vegetables Demand by “Warteg” Restaurants in Bandar Lampung City

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the demand pattern of vegetables (water spinach, cassava leaves, and eggplant) and the factors that affected the demand of vegetables by warteg restaurants in Bandar Lampung City. The location was determined purposely (purposive method). The number of the respondents in this study were 50 warteg restaurants, taken by proportional random sampling methods. Data were collected from December 2020 to February 2021, taken by interview techniques. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis methods and multiple regression analysis models. The results showed that the average of vegetables demand by warteg restaurant amount 8,5 kg of spinach water per week, 7,9 kg of cassava leaves per week and 3 kg of eggplant per week. The average purchase frequency amount 3,58 time per week for spinach water, 3,08 time per week for cassava leaves and 1,26 time per week for eggplant. The types of vegetables menu is stir-fried water spinach, cassava curry vegetables, and eggplant sauce. The restaurant owner usually buy the vegetables at the traditional market. Furthermore, factors which affect to the demand of vegetables are the price of water spinach, the price of cassava leaves, the price of eggplant, the price of tempe, the price of egg, the price of chicken meat, number of restaurant menu, restaurant income and the price of vegetables dishes.

Understanding changes in cassava root dry matter yield by different planting dates, crop ages at harvest, fertilizer application and varieties

Cassava is a perennial crop that can adapt to periods of drought at different times in a growing season, which permits scheduling planting and harvest to develop production systems supplying roots continuously. However, farmers plant and harvest cassava at the onset of rains which creates glut and results in unattractive root prices. Thus, farmers need to understand how cassava varieties respond to different planting dates and crop ages at harvest to be able to use opportunities in income generation that may arise from flexible planting and harvest dates resulting from price and dry matter (DM) variabilities. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the best time to plant and harvest cassava for different varieties (TME419 and TMS581) and to determine the effect of fertilizer on root DM yields in three locations (Idi-Ose, Moniya and Ido) in Nigeria, over two years. The overall objective was to provide information to guide farmers on how to schedule planting and harvesting in Nigeria. The trials were conducted using a factorial split-split plot design. Effects of early, mid and late planting dates combined with harvest at 9, 11 and 13 months after planting (MAP) were tested. Fertilizer treatments included a control (F0) and applications of 75 kg N ha−1, 20 kg P ha−1 combined with 90 (F1), 135 (F2) and 180 (F3) kg K ha−1. A root DM yield increase of 44.8% was observed when crop age increased from 9 to 11 MAP, and an increase of 13.1% when crop age increased from 11 to 13 MAP, indicating that delaying harvests does increase root DM yield across all planting dates. In contrast, root DM yield differences between planting dates were marginal, an increase of 8.1% was observed from early to mid-planting date and of 9.5% from early to late planting dates. Fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with location and the largest responses were observed at Ido. Fertilizer increased cassava root DM yields when compared with control at Ido by 15.38%, 23.1% and 16.7% in F1, F2 and F3, respectively. Responses were inconsistent at Moniya and Idi-Ose. With information on the effect of crop age and fertilizer, farmers could benefit from targeting seasons with shortage of cassava roots and high cassava prices, which would benefit processing industries securing year-round root supply.

The Effect of Technical Efficiency on The Competitiveness of Cassava Indonesia

Over the past 10 years, cassava imports in the form of semi-finished products have tended to increase. This study aims to analyze the comparative advantages and competitive advantages of fresh cassava at the farming and processed cassava level in the processing industry. The research used secondary data covering 2.595 cassava farmers in all provinces in Indonesia obtained from Agricultural Census 2013 - Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), while data on the cassava processing industry was obtained from the publication of Bank Indonesia. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method was used to measure cassava's comparative and competitive advantages and further analyzed based on the technical efficiency score of the farm allegedly by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Results from PAM Analysis showed that Indonesian cassava products both in the farming and processing industry levels were not competitive. The technical efficiency of cassava production becomes the determinant of competitiveness the more efficient the production at the farm level, the competitiveness of cassava the higher. The competitiveness of the cassava processing industry is determined by the government's intervention in the price of cassava. The cassava processing industry pays for raw materials higher than it should. The implications of this study are to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian cassava products need to increase the efficiency of cassava farming production and government policies related to the selling price of fresh cassava to protect farmers and the cassava processing industry. Keywords: competitiveness, policy analysis matrix, technical efficiency, cassava

Study of ENSO impact on agricultural food crops price as basic knowledge to improve community resilience in climate change

Climate change has become an pivotal issue and impacted on the socio-economic community because it contributes not only to prolonged land droughts and fires in the dry season but also to increased rainfall and flooding in the wet season. One of the climate change phenomena in Indonesia is El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) consisting of El Nino and La Nina. The ENSO phenomenon drives rainfall variability that impacts on the agricultural sector which depends on water availability. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of El Nino and La Nina on the prices of six agricultural food crops using static panel data. The data used consist of 23 provinces affected by El Nino and La Nina in 2010-2017. Rainfall is used as a proxy for El Nino and La Nina, supported by a negative and significant correlation between Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and rainfall. The results showed that El Nino has greater impacts on food prices than La Nina by increasing the price of rice, sweet potato, and mung bean. While La Nina has a significant impact in increasing the price of cassava. Considering the importance of food crops for Indonesians, efforts can be made to improve community resilience, such as using adaptive varieties of climate, developing agricultural insurance, time and planting patterns adjustment and agroforestry patterns for communities nearby the forests in the framework of climate change mitigation and adaptation. Ultimately, this study can provide important insights to formulate effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize the climate change impact.

Analysis of Cassava Farmers’ Revenue Who were Innovation Participants in Ogun State, Nigeria: 2016-2018

The net revenue from an activity is obtained by subtracting the cash expenses incurred in production from the gross revenue. Gross revenue is the sum of all receipts from the sale of a crop. This study was carried out in Ogun State, Nigeria (latitude 7o 00ꞋN and longitude 3o 35ꞋE) to analyse the revenue of cassava farmers who were involved in improved practices. The simple Random Sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 336 farmers from the study area. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, budgetary technique as well as Chow test. Results showed that there was a steady increase in the revenue until it reached the peak. Thereafter, it fell below the zero lines into the negative. Also, all (100.0%) of the participants had formal education and belonged to a farmers’ association. The average farm size was 1.64 hectares. The study, therefore, recommends regulation of cassava price so that it will not fall below a certain fixed point. It also recommends the government purchase of excess cassava output directly from farmers in order to avoid a market glut. Finally, value addition should be promoted to boost income derivable from cassava sales.

Farmers’ Preference of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties Introduced to Improve Plant Productivity in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

A varietal testing had been undertaken in Pematangsiantar regency, North Sumatra province, Indonesia in 2015-2016. The objective of the study was to determine the preference of cassava growers to the introduced varieties compared to the existing cassava varieties. Twelve cassava varities (UB1/2, UB1472, Adira1, Malang4, Cecekijo, Farsem, Gajah, Ketan Jabung, Caspro, Malaysia, Adira4, and Cikaret) were tested using a Randomized Block Design with four replications. The data were taken on aboveground characters and underground characters such as root number, root diameter, root length, root weight, and starch content based on factory criteria (A = 22%, B = 18%, C = 14% and D = 10% starch content). Results of the study indicated that Malang-4 had the highest root yield (49,830 kg ha-1) followed by Farsem variety (41,690 kg ha-1), and Malaysia Local variety (41,030 kg ha-1). The bitter taste of Malang 4 was an appropriate character to be developed as starch processing of cassava. Starch content is very important indigenous criteria for farmers and traders to know fairly about pricing in relation with starch content. The higher starch content coincided with higher root yield of Malang-4 is very interesting and will benefit the factory. There was no difference in factory price of cassava from farmers, although the starch content indicated different levels (B =18%, C=14% or D =10%). The Malang-4 could be introduced to the local goverment for being grown in a larger areas in the North Sumatera province.

Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Konsumsi Bahan Pangan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

he welfare level indicator of a household or population is the expenses allocation. The poorer of a household or population in a region, the higher expenses allocation for food. Howefer, the household expenses relatively in proportion to family income. The objectives of the research is to determine the factors influence the allocation of the household income for the food consumption. The expenses for consuming rice was affected by the hedonic price of cassava, family income and the amount of the family members. The parameter of cassava and corn hedonic prices is positive, means that the cassava and corn are rice substitution. The expenses for consuming cassava was affected by hedonic price of cassava, family income and location. The parameter of rice and com hedonic price is negative. means that the rice and corn are cassava complementary. The expenses for consuming corn was affected by hedonic price of corn, family income, the amount of the family members and location. The parameter of rice and cassava hedonic prices is positive, means that the rice and cassava are com substitution. Key words: Consumption, hedonic price, foodstuffs

Managerial implication of cassava farming in Lampung Province Indonesia

The problem of low productivity, quality, and price of cassava keep occurring over the years, from 2016 to 2019. This situation affected farmers’ income, both directly and indirectly, later causing reduction of welfare, especially of those in Central Lampung Regency, being the largest cassava production area in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the level of optimal solutions in cassava farming, in Central Lampung Regency, while also ascertaining the managerial implications on farmers. Furthermore, the study was conducted between the period of October-December 2019, applying a survey method on 78 cassava farmers in Central Lampung Regency. The optimal planning method used was an analytical technique with linear programming model, and qualitative descriptive analysis. The managerial implications of optimizing cassava cultivation were meant to increase the performances of farming and supporting subsystems, based on the use of seeds, fertilizers (urea, NPK, TSP, KCL, and organic fertilizer), labour, land intensification, and management in other substructures.