Price Labels Research Articles

The effects and mechanism of discounting unit price

PurposeSupermarket promotions typically use a standard label, which displays the regular price, discounted price and discounted unit price. Visits to supermarkets across multiple countries found that none used a price label that also contains the regular (i.e. pre-discounted) unit price. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a dual unit-price label that includes the regular unit price as a reference price, and what underpins its efficacy in enhancing promotion attractiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors executed four studies, supported by three supplemental studies. Study 1 established external validity through a natural instore experiment. Studies 2 and 3 tested the dual unit-price label with different pack sizes and assortment sizes, respectively. Finally, Study 4 tested the underpinning mechanism of the efficacy of the dual unit-price label.FindingsIn Study 1, daily sales records over four weeks showed that dual unit-price label promotions had larger sales volume than standard-label promotions. Study 2 showed a larger pack size, a heuristic cue for greater economy and increased preference for dual unit-price label promotions. Study 3 similarly found that the dual unit-price label was preferred more as cognitive load was increased by assortment size. Finally, Study 4 demonstrated the dual processing of the dual unit-price label, using a conscious preference measure (information provided) and an unconscious implicit attitude test.Research limitations/implicationsUnit-price research has mainly considered a cognitive process. The authors demonstrated the importance of considering a heuristic process.Practical implicationsSupermarkets can use this simple and yet effective tool to improve promotion effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates that the dual unit-price label is a new and easy tool to enhance sales promotions, which academic research and managerial practice had never considered previously.

Investigation of bisphenol S (BPS) in packaged fish, meat, cheese, and price labels on their corresponding packages

As an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) has been used as an ink developer in thermal paper products including price labels on food packaging which have been suggested as the sources of BPS found at high levels in packaged fish samples. BPS in the printed price labels glued onto the outside of plastic film could migrate indirectly from the printed surface through the paper, adhesive and film into the food. In order to investigate if price labels could also be the sources of BPS detected in the meat samples in our previous studies, meat and other food samples packaged under different conditions were collected, and BPS in these samples together with the price labels on the corresponding packaging were extracted with solvent followed by solid phase extraction and stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS analysis. BPS was detected at very high levels (161.7–222.4 µg/cm2) in all the five sticker type of price labels, indicating BPS being the dominant if not the sole ink developer. BPS was also detected in all the 26 continuous roll type of price labels but at very low levels (0.017–18 ng/cm2), indicating that the dominant ink developer is likely one of the other alternatives, rather than BPS. Despite BPS being detected in all price labels on packaging of fish, meat, and cheese samples, BPS was not detected or detected in only a few fish, meat, and cheese samples at levels considerably lower than the current EU specific migration limit (SML) of 50 ng/g food for BPS authorised under Regulation (EU) 10/2011.

Analysis Of The Influence Of Fake Discount Price Labels For A Product In The Marketplace On The Concept Of Business Competition And Responsibility

: This study examines the fulfillment of the defendant's human rights during the judicial process in a premeditated murder case, based on Decision No. 319/Pid.B/2023/PN Smr. The case revolves around the defendant, who was accused and found guilty of premeditated murder. The study delves into various aspects of the judicial process, including the arrest, detention, trial proceedings, and the final verdict. It evaluates whether the defendant's rights were upheld in accordance with national and international human rights standards. Key findings highlight areas of compliance and potential violations, providing insights into the judicial system's handling of serious criminal cases. The research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on human rights within the Indonesian judicial framework, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding the rights of all individuals involved in criminal proceedings. This comprehensive analysis seeks to shed light on the effectiveness of existing legal protections for defendants, drawing attention to both strengths and weaknesses in the current system. Ultimately, the study underscores the necessity of continuous improvement in ensuring justice and human rights for all parties in criminal cases.

Analysis Of The Influence Of Fake Discount Price Labels For A Product In The Marketplace On The Concept Of Business Competition And Responsibility

The influence of fake discount price labels on products in the marketplace on the concept of business competition and liability for losses experienced by consumers is an interesting topic to discuss in the ins and outs of marketplace problems in Indonesia. One of the famous marketplaces in Indonesia, namely Shopee, harbors many fraudulent practices in product sales by sellers, such as the use of fake discount price labels. Due to this, consumer trust is damaged and unhealthy business competition occurs. This research uses normative juridical legal research methods and collects secondary data from scientific sources, regulations and websites. Including fake discount price labels that do not match the actual price can harm consumers immaterially. This action violates various regulations, such as the Consumer Protection Law. The parties responsible for the losses experienced by consumers are sellers who promote fake discount prices in the marketplace. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the influence of fake discount price labels on the concept of business competition and how to be held accountable for losses experienced by consumers

Modification of Milk Coffee Jam Using Low-Grade Coffee Based on Consumer Acceptance (Coffee Grade 4-6)

Garut is a city with abundant agricultural wealth. One of the commodities produced by Garut plantations is coffee. Many entrepreneurs are looking for the best quality coffee so that poor- quality coffee does not sell on the market, even if the selling price is meager. Efforts made to increase the selling price of low-quality coffee are to process the product into new, valuable products. This research aims to improve the selling price of low-quality coffee by modifying the product in the form of milk coffee jam by determining the recipe formula, packaging and selling price label, form of promotion, and consumer acceptance of the milk coffee jam product. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a quantitative approach through organoleptic tests on 30 semi-trained panelists by giving three samples of coffee milk jam products to get the best with the SK1, SK2, and SK3 formulations. The research results show that the SK1 formulation is the best product. Next, a consumer acceptability test was carried out on 100 consumer panelists. The resulting score for coffee milk jam is 4,507 on a class interval scale of 4,200 – 5,000, where the scale shows that consumer panelists can accept the product with a calculated selling price for coffee milk jam of IDR 34,000.

Money talks! The role of parents’ discussion of money for preschoolers’ math knowledge

Children’s participation in cultural, everyday practices and social interactions involving math and money can contribute to the development of their knowledge and skills in these domains. Further work is needed to uncover what features of these activities, such as aspects of the conversations that may occur (e.g., number and money talk), facilitate and/or are shaped by children’s understanding of money concepts and skills. The present study examined the extent to which parents engaged in conversations about numbers and money with their four-year-old children during pretend grocery play and the relations to children’s math skills. We found that talk about price labeling and exchanging currency or goods occurred most frequently and that money and number talk were not significantly related to children’s broader math skills. However, parents’ money talk was positively associated with children’s money-related math skills, and this association was driven by the co-occurrence of talk about money and numbers. Our results suggest that parent-child conversations in familiar contexts such as grocery shopping provide rich opportunities to discuss culturally relevant practices surrounding money and practice math skills in the context of monetary exchanges. Thus, it is critical to consider how existing family practices and everyday contexts support children’s early math learning.

Analyze the Marketing Strategy of Mixue Ice-cream&Tea Based on 4C Theory

With the accelerated development of the national economy, people began to pay attention to the quality of life and pursue higher requirements of life, under the satisfying conditions of daily food and clothing. The birth of milk tea industry catches this opportunity and was created. With the increasing popularity of the milk tea market, the competition is gradually fierce. In recent years, although Mixue Ice-cream&City even as a high popularity brand, but still inevitably affected by the impact of AUNTEAJENNY, Chabaidao, HEYTEA etc. This Brand is limited by low price labels, high brand homogenization and low media utilization. These problems have gradually weakened the brand advantage of Mixue Ice-cream&Tea. This text takes Mixue Ice-cream&Tea as the research object, searching and sorting out the relevant research of experts and scholars. Through the information analysis of the existing literature and brand data, analyzed deeply the current marketing methods of Mixue Ice-cream&Tea. This text discusses the main difficulties and marketing problems of this brand at present, and puts forward corresponding optimization suggestions for 4c research theory to improve the market share of Mixue Ice-cream&Tea.

Kajian Strategi Bersaing Ritel Tradisional di Kota Payakumbuh

Payakumbuh City is inhabited by 141,184 people, most of whom have a labor force participation rate of 71.73 percent, most of whom work in the trade sector, especially traditional retail. However, the increasingly rapid development of modern retail means that traditional retail is starting to be abandoned by consumers, so according to researchers there must be a competitive strategy. needed to help traditional retail survive. The methods in this research are 1). Identification stage evaluation of internal factors, evaluation of external factors, 2). Matching stage with Internal-External Matrix, SWOT, and 3). Conclusion stage with SQPM. The research results can explain that the internal and external conditions of traditional retail in Payakumbuh City are quite good because the total EFI value is 2.89 and EFE is 3.2. This is in quadrant II on the IE matrix with a general strategy of growth and development, on the SWOT matrix it gets 7 Alternative strategies were then ranked by the seven strategies using the QSPM matrix, so the highest score was in strategy 1, namely providing comfortable shopping services for motorists with free and safe parking with a score of 5.12 and strategy 2, providing neater product displays, price labeling with better lighting. enough with a score of 4.87.

The Effect of Halal and Price Labels on MSME Culinary Products: An Experimental Study of the Purchase Decision of the Pandahalungan Community

This study aims to analyze the effect of halal prices and labels on consumer purchasing decisions in the Pandahalungan community. The research method used in this study is to use laboratory exper imental methods. The experimental design used was a 2x2 between subject design, with the factorial studied being the halal label and product price. The participants in this study were consumers of MSME products in the culinary sector in the horseshoe area with a Pandalungan cultural background. The results of the study show that the price label has a main effect on consumers' decisions to buy culinary products from MSME in the Pandalungan community. In contrast, the halal label has no significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions. However, if both are tested simultaneously, it turns out that there is an interaction effect.

The Effect of Halal and Price Labels on MSME Culinary Products: An Experimental Study of the Purchase Decision of the Pandahalungan Community

The Effect of Halal and Price Labels on MSME Culinary Products: An Experimental Study of the Purchase Decision of the Pandahalungan Community

How price labeling strategy affects consumers' purchase intention? The role of perceived price difference in price assessment

PurposeBy conducting an online experiment, this paper proposes and tests a conceptual model about the impact of price labeling strategy on consumers' perceived price difference and purchase intention. The authors also analyze differential influences of shopping channels and price levels on documented effects. The paper provides strategic suggestions for online grocery store managers to adopt profit-maximizing labeling decisions.Design/methodology/approachIn a between-subject experiment, the authors simulated a shopping task with eight scenarios by exogenously manipulating price labeling strategies (unit price/retail price), sales channels (online/offline) and price levels (higher/lower than the average price). Participants are randomly assigned to one of the eight scenarios and asked to report their perceived price difference between the stimuli product and the average market price and their purchase intention on the stimuli product.FindingsExperimental results show that compared to the unit price, the retail price increases the perceived price difference. It shows that the unit price increases consumers' purchase intention when the product price is higher than the average market price. However, these effects only exist in the online shopping context.Originality/valueThis paper extends the study of price labeling strategy to an online shopping context and examines the mediation effect of the perceived price difference.

The Impact of Marking Itemized Prices in the Package on Consumers' Spending Pain and Satisfaction

In the shopping scenario, price is undoubtedly a very important factor for consumers. From the psychological level, how price affects consumers' judgment is a constantly updated topic. A further study is that the way prices are presented will subconsciously affect consumers' judgments and ultimately affect the trading volume. For enterprises, under the same cost, different presentation methods of prices can affect consumers' consumption behavior. Therefore, research on the presentation methods of commodity prices is conducive to revealing consumers' preferences, and ultimately, under the same conditions, different presentation methods of prices can directly affect the final trading volume, and to a certain extent, affect consumers' experience. To examine the impact of itemized prices on spending pain and consumer satisfaction, this study was based on the manner of the questionnaire survey, design of simulation experiments with relevant scenarios, and then analysis by the experimental results. In analyzing the realistic situation in which the total par price has been determined, the sum of prices is significantly higher than the total price, impact on consumer spending pain and consumer satisfaction, and it follows that, in this context, itemized price labeling can reduce consumer’s spending pain.At the same time, the conclusion of improving consumer’s consumption satisfaction, According to the present study, This conclusion can provide guidance for the price labeling of business sites.

Comparison of the importance of beef price labelling aspects: An eye-tracking approach

Self-reported approaches such as surveys are a common way in which consumers' preferences and needs can be assessed but this approach can provide incorrect results. Few studies combine data from cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and marketing. Among these techniques, eye-tracking can be used to elucidate how observers' overt visual attention is acted upon, and it can also be employed to evaluate and compare individuals' graphic search behaviour in a number of settings. Using eye-tracking technology, the purpose of this article is to identify how beef consumers pay attention to the information on price labels and to compare that to their self-reported attention ratings. The dataset used in this study consists of 307 participants. Kendall's W tests were used to identify and rank consumers' preferences from eye-tracking and post-test questionnaires. Pearson's correlations were used to correlate consumers' demographic information against their eye-tracking data. Results from the eye-tracking test showed that the aspects that received the most attention from the participants were the price of the pack, butchery name, and classification of the meat. The price of the pack was looked at more times by the largest share of consumers, and for the most extended period of all labelling, aspects presented. Results also showed that the butchery's name was the labelling aspect consumers mostly paid attention to first. Fewer consumers tended to look at the packaging date, sell-by date and cut name. A difference was found between the aspects that the participants indicated were the most important when buying red meat and what aspects they actually paid attention to when looking at packs of beef. Correlation results suggest that younger consumers are more likely to pay attention to the price labelling aspects and for a longer period. However, it will be at a later stage than older consumers. Also, price label information seems to be more important to higher educated beef consumers. The vital role that eye-tracking can play in improving the accuracy of research has been highlighted in the study. Marketing agents will also be able to use eye-tracking to ensure that products meet the demands of their customers. Future studies must be performed to confirm the results of this study before they can be generalised. It would be worthwhile to also test consumers' understanding of beef price label information.

Legal Implications of Differences in Goods Price Labels in Shop Cashier Showcases for Entrepreneurs

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze about iThe legal implication is that there is a difference in the price tag of goods on the window display and the shop cashier for entrepreneurs, which has implications for the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act and Permendag No. 35 of 2013 which can result in criminal sanctions and administrative sanctions as well as payment based on the lowest price tag. Based on the aspect of responsibility as a business actor, namely public accountability and private responsibility, it has implications for law enforcement (criminal sanctions and administrative sanctions). The problem of price differences in shop windows and during the payment process at the cashier also has implications for the course of the buying and selling process in social life, among other things, has implications for price uncertainty, injustice for consumers, and has implications for benefits that only benefit business actors...

LMurky moralities: performing markets in a charitable food aid organization

ABSTRACT This paper explores how competing moralities are brought together in the performance of a market for charitable food aid. Markets, rather than functioning as neutral technologies for bringing together supply and demand, are thoroughly moral phenomena. In markets, calculative devices are crucial for realizing exchange, by facilitating mutual agreement on price and quality. However, such practices of calculation can violate moralities of charity. This paper examines what happens when market practices and moralities are introduced in charitable settings. This is done through an in-depth case study of a food aid organization in the Netherlands that is organized as a supermarket, and part of a broader trend in re-organizing the provision of emergency food aid through the introduction of practices and technologies that shape a market. The case study shows how the socio-technical arrangements which organize market exchange, such as price labels and budget cards, are entangled with neoliberal moralities encouraging financial responsibility. At the same time, the findings show that moralities assowith charity are also present, which can lead to contestations over ‘good’ market performances. Such shifting moral judgements require participants to navigate conflicting moralities to be recognized as deserving recipients of aid.

The Effect of Instagram Ads, Prices and Halal Labeling of KFC Fast Food Restaurants on Purchase Decisions

This study aims to determine the effect of Instagram advertising variables, prices, and halal labeling KFC fast food restaurants on purchasing decisions of students at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo using quantitative methods. The sample size was taken as many as 99 respondents with stratified random sampling method. The results of this study indicate that there is a simultaneous influence between Instagram Advertising, Price and Halal Labeling variables on purchasing decisions with a fcount value of 26.933 > ftable 2.70 and a sig value of 0.000 <0.05. While the partial results of the Instagram Ads variable have a tcount value of 3,391 > ttable 1,988, the Price Variable has a tcount value of 4.708 > 1,988 and the Halal Labeling Variable has a tcount value of 2,978 > 1,988. So it can be concluded that the three variables in this study have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions for students at the Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo

The influence of price and funding source disclosure on medication labels: Implications for intended adherence, perceived value and efficacy, and feelings of burden and guilt.

To examine if informing people in free-at-the-point-of-use medical systems of the financial value of medicines, and priming them with the fact that the medication is funded by taxation, influences people's perceived value and efficacy of the medicines, feelings of burdensomeness and guilt, and intended adherence. An experiment was implemented to examine the impact of medication labelling featuring the presence (vs. absence) of the phrase 'funded by UK the taxpayer' and pricing information (absent vs. £20 vs. £200) on outcome measures. A total of 257 UK participants (age: M = 29.10 years, SD = 9.15; 89 males, 167 females, one undisclosed) who were currently taking medication were recruited from an online participant pool (prolific academic). Participants viewed an image of a medication with the manipulated price and taxation message on the label. They then completed a number of measures to gauge perceived value and efficacy of the medicines, feelings of burdensomeness and guilt, and intended adherence. Findings point to both positive and negative consequences of such labelling of medication, with the taxpayer label increasing perceptions of value but also increasing feelings of guilt. The price labels demonstrated a positive effect on perceived value and intended adherence. Discussion of results is centred on potential policy implications, applied recommendations, and future directions for study.

The Impact of Product Quality and Service Quality in Product-Service System on Economic Value : Focusing on Mediating Effect of Experience Value for Electronic Shelf Labels

In recent years, Electronic Shelf Labels (ESL) is attracting attention as an innovative price information system for offline retail stores. Paper price labels, which have been used in retail stores for a long time, are an inefficient system in delivering price and product promotion information to shoppers. The paper price label system, which is produced solely by the hand of the employees, does not provide a satisfactory experience to shoppers by frequently creating situations where inaccurate prices are displayed or prices are not announced in a timely manner. Moreover, as a large part of the work time is spent on replacing the paper price label, the productivity of the employees is lowered and the job satisfaction level is also lowered. This study aims to present indicators and models for measuring the performance of ESL system, which has recently begun to be introduced as an infrastructure for operation innovation of price information in offline retail stores. To this end, Product Quality and Service Quality factors based on ESL attributes were derived through previous studies and used as independent variables, and items related to Economic Value, one of the PSS value factors, were used as dependent variables as performance indicators. And, as mediators, the elements of Experience Value were defined from the perspective of ESL users. As a research method, a structural equation model was used to analyze the data collected from the employees of medium-sized stores of the large-scale brands that introduced ESL in Korea. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that Experience Value was completely mediated in the relationship between Product Quality and Economic Value. On the other hand, Experience Value was partially mediated in the relationship between Service Quality and Economic Value. According to the results of these, it was found that the product quality attributes of ESL have low influences on directly solving the problems of the existing price information operation, but it can affect performance through the user’s individual use experience. In contrast, Service Quality has the direct effects on performance by including the operating factors of ESL. This study developed the measurement indicators through previous researches on ‘Product Quality’, ‘Service Quality’, ‘PSS’, and ‘Experience Value’ in grasping the introduction performance of ESL. Survey data was collected from retailers who introduced ESL in Korea. This study suggests the significant academic implications in that the results of research reflecting the PSS attributes of ESL were derived through the analysis of the collected data. In addition, the results present as the practical implications that ESL suppliers and retailers must make strategies and efforts to improve the experience value and service quality of products in order to enhance the performance of ESL introduction. In particular, in the context of intensifying competition with online/mobile shopping malls today, this study has implications in that it deals with the introduction results of ESL, an automated system for delivering price information, from the viewpoint of enhancing the productivity of offline retail stores. This study has significance as an early empirical study on ESL. It is expected that there will be follow-up studies targeting stores in various sizes, types, and regions in the future.

Blender as a tool for generating synthetic data

Acquiring data for neural network training is an expensive and labour-intensive task, especially when such data isdifficult to access. This article proposes the use of 3D Blender graphics software as a tool to automatically generatesynthetic image data on the example of price labels. Using the fastai library, price label classifiers were trained ona set of synthetic data, which were compared with classifiers trained on a real data set. The comparison of the resultsshowed that it is possible to use Blender to generate synthetic data. This allows for a significant acceleration of thedata acquisition process and consequently, the learning process of neural networks.

MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN MUTU KOMPETENSI LULUSAN BIDANG KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM MEMENUHI STANDAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN DI SMK ANNUQOYYAH GULUK-GULUK SUMENEP JAWA TIMUR

Three problems become the main topic in this research, that is the description of management implementation, supporting factors, and inhibiting factors that are all related to improving the competency quality of graduates in entrepreneurship in meeting the national standards of vocational education An-Nuqoyyah Sumenep Guluk-Guluk East Java. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological descriptive type. Sources of data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that in implementing a program to improve the quality of graduates in the field of entrepreneurship at the Annuqoyyah Vocational School used four stages, that is (1). Planning by making school programs, organizing the division of tasks related to the field of entrepreneurship by using price labeling in the Marketing Laboratory. (2). The implementation consists of the preparation, follow-up, and evaluation stages of the entire program which is carried out mid and end of the semester. Supporting factors are (1). Openness and involvement of all teaching staff in building schools are even better; (2). There is support from Annuqoyyah boarding school caretakers. Furthermore, the inhibiting factors are inadequate infrastructure so that it can hinder students' learning and teaching processes; (2). Institutions that are not independent because there are still dependencies with pesantren foundations; (3). low student motivation and interest in learning results in neglect in the learning process; (4). The recruitment of less professional teachers makes some teaching staff do not match their expertise.