Drop In Prices Research Articles

Amphoteric dry strength chemistry approach to deal with low-quality fiber and difficult wet-end chemistry conditions in the Asian and North American markets

With Japan’s high recycling rates and low access to fresh fiber sources, reaching strength targets in manufacturing packaging materials is a challenge. Declining quality of recycled fiber and minimal freshwater consumption results in difficult wet-end chemistry conditions in terms of high conductivity and elevated levels of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS). These trends are somewhat typical of other Asian regions. Due to global trade, Asian packaging materials have become a part of the North American (NA) raw material pool. The gradual closing of mill water circuits for fresh water and energy savings results in more difficult wet-end chemistry conditions experienced in North America. China’s ban on the import of mixed paper and the consequent ban on all waste-paper imports triggered a significant price drop in recycled raw material, resulting in plans for increased manufacturing capacity in North America. Between increased demand, decreasing fiber quality, and movement towards more closed white water systems associated with packaging grade paperboard (even a virgin fiber mill uses a fair amount of recycled fiber), new methods to overcome strength reduction in raw materials must be proactively considered for North America. Reviewing the strategies currently used in the Asian industry regarding strength development is an excellent starting place for NA producers. A clear difference between Asian and NA wet-end chemistry is the dominant position of amphoteric dry strength agents. This paper reviews the fundamentals of dry strength development that explain the trend towards the increased application of amphoteric dry strength technology for poor-quality fiber and highly contaminated water circuits in Asian markets. This paper discusses the development and application performance of the novel 4th generation amphoteric polyacrylamide (AmPAM) dry strength technology, based on selected laboratory and mill case studies.

Diversification of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Stock Optimal Portfolio for the Period 2018-2023

Investment is placing funds into an asset to gain profits in the future through changes in asset prices or capital gains. In Indonesia, stock investment, primarily through the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), is popular among the public. BEI offers various indices, including the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), which has garnered significant attention. JII comprises stocks of companies that adhere to Sharia principles. In investment, careful analysis is crucial to avoid errors in stock selection. Diversification is a strategy that involves spreading investments across several stocks, aiming to maximize profits while minimizing risks. While the easiest way for investors to enter the stock market is by purchasing the best-performing single stock, relying solely on one stock can be risky if its price drops. This research compares investment outcomes between single-stock and diversified portfolios of two or three stocks, selected based on the Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen indices. The research analyzes the closing stock prices within the JII index from March 2018 to February 2023. The study results show that diversifying investments across multiple stocks can reduce investment risks, even though it may reduce profit potential.

COVID-19 Pandemic and the Imperative of Functional Technology Education in Nigeria: A Historical Analysis

Nigeria has recorded great losses since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019. Over-reliance on oil as source of national revenue and inadequate human capital development have impeded the country’s response to the global emergency. This study examines how technology education can stimulate a diversified economy to boost Nigeria’s capacity to withstand future crises. It employed a historical research method, comprising mainly secondary sources. The pandemic exposed the morbidity and inadequacy of Nigeria’s health facilities. In addition, a sharp drop in the global price of crude oil worsened the country’s wobbling economy during the pandemic. At the micro level, the lockdown imposed by government turned many self-employed Nigerians to idlers. The COVID-19 pandemic could have been a platform to enhance researches in medical sciences and health technology but the extant problems in the country’s higher education sector such as poor funding, lack of motivation for teaching and research, brain drain, and poor curriculum prevented meaningful innovation in that regard. The study recommends reforms in technology education to create a work force for non-oil sectors like agriculture, solid minerals, small and medium enterprises, and indigenous industries. This would stimulate self-reliance and a diversified economy to keep Nigeria unperturbed during future emergencies.

Sustainable Performance Model and Strategy: A Conceptual Framework

This study is driven by the conditions of the energy sector, particularly the "oil field service industry" which serves as the main pillar of this sector. The significant oil price drop and the need for cost-cutting among oil and gas producers shows the vulnerabilities in this sector, necessitating improvement. Generally, industries that support key commodities must exhibit strong operational performance that intricately intertwines with the corporate strategy, mitigating potential obstacles, challenges, and business risks in order to achieve sustainable performance. Thus, this research aims to investigate how to develop a sustainable performance model for the industry in helping the industries the current and future business challenges. A systematic literature review was undertaken, encompassing prior studies on sustainable business, performance, and risk management strategies. This study investigates the dynamic interaction between three primary constructs: (1) context-business sustainability, (2) content-performance management, and (3) process-strategy formulation. Finally, gaps in the existing literature were identified and several future research directions were proposed.

Research on the Option Pricing of Tesla’s Stock Based on B-S Model and Binomial Tree Method

With the announcement of price drop of Tesla’s multiple vehicles during 2022 and 2023, its stock also entered a very unstable age which cause many investors meet significant loss, so did its option prices. In this article, B-S model, Binomial Tree, and Monte Carlo Simulation are implemented to do research on Tesla’s stock price and its call options. The results shows that B-S model has a much lower value of option prices when Binomial Tree does not have multiple division of time period. On the other hand, Monte Carlo Simulation indicates that it would be hard to predict the actual price trend since actual price went to a very low percentile among all simulations. The meaning of this research is to prove Binomial Tree is complementary to B-S model with introduce the concept of time whereas B-S model only uses actual stock prices and calculate the average. Monte Carlo Simulation also warns the investors to continue to pay attention to the news and incidents happened around the companies they invested to.

Beyond the merit order effect: Impact of the rapid expansion of renewable energy on electricity market price

A drop in the average electricity market price owing to renewable energy with low marginal costs has been identified and explored as merit order effect. However, diffusion of variable renewable energy leads to concerns about the need for flexibility, decline of supply capacity, and volatility increase of electricity prices. For both decarbonization and stable electricity systems, understanding the drivers of market price is critical, but it is challenging because electricity markets are non-linear and affected by multiple factors. Hence, this research proposes a model based on machine learning techniques and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and estimates the multi-directional impact of renewable energy on the Japanese electricity market. The results reveal that the contribution of demand to market price is the largest, followed by solar generation and operable power facility capacity. This research identifies a large decline in the price triggered by solar power during the daytime; however, the effect of solar power varies by the time of day, season, and demand. Additionally, the results suggest that the market price increases when demand is high and solar generation is low, such as during summer evenings. Using XAI, this study quantitatively and visually demonstrated that interactions between solar power, demand, and operable power facility capacity are the key factors behind the high market volatility and price surge. It is important to manage the pace of plant installation and energy transition. Our study provides insights into how and when the market price changes with variable renewable energy and other policy-making factors.

Assessing Mediterranean agroforestry systems: Agro-economic impacts of olive wild asparagus in central Italy

The intensification of Mediterranean farming systems has adversely affected the environment. As a result, climate change, soil and land degradation, and biodiversity loss have been exacerbated. A potential solution for addressing these challenges and enhancing farm sustainability is diversification, such as implementing agroforestry systems. Specific indicators are commonly used to evaluate the potential of diversification practices. However, agreement on a common set of assessment indicators is rarely reached. Moreover, the different biophysical and socio-economic conditions between regions make it difficult to adopt practices based on standardized assessments. This study aims at developing a practical methodology to assess the sustainability of Mediterranean agroforestry systems, using a three-dimensional evaluation concept for agro-environmental, economic and social performances. The steps in this study were, (i) define a set of relevant indicators and selection criteria, (ii) validate and select indicators through a participatory approach and (iii) apply the indicators to assess the performance of olive-wild asparagus agroforestry systems in central Italy. Expert opinions and stakeholders’ participation were found to play an important role in identifying relevant indicators for assessing farming systems. The results showed that intercropping wild asparagus within olive orchards provides agro-environmental benefits and economic profitability, but also causes a higher workload. With a land equivalent ratio above one, the agroforestry system is more productive and results in a 50% higher income than olive sole cropping. With similar management practices, both systems had a comparable energy use efficiency and pesticide load index value. However, the annual workload, during the full production phase, increases by 75% in the agroforestry system mainly due to manual labor required for asparagus harvest. Furthermore, the agroforestry system had better economic resilience (positive net present value) in the face of drops in crop prices and rising production costs by up to 15%, whereas olive sole cropping generated negative net present value if costs increased by 10% or prices fell by 5%.

Volatility of World Oil Prices Towards Venezuela's Economic Crisis

The drop in world oil prices, especially in 2014, caused Venezuela to experience a crisis. This is because oil is the country's main commodity and 95% of Venezuela's exports come from oil commodities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. By using the theory of International Political Economy, International Organization, and Price Liberalization, the author tries to find out the causes of the decline in world oil prices and efforts to stabilize world oil prices in this case OPEC and market mechanisms. The results of this study indicate that Venezuela's financial inability to deal with falling oil prices due to inappropriate government policies such as the Venezuelan Social Program has caused Venezuela to experience an economic crisis. This then causes further impacts in the form of a humanitarian crisis, namely poverty, hunger, unemployment, crime, and an increase in the number of Venezuelan refugees. The series of crises resulted in Venezuela becoming one of the countries that failed to overcome domestic crises.

Effect of Firms’ Soundness on Shareholders’ Earnings of Listed Firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

The global changes in the business environment and the increased demand for improved shareholder’s earnings have prompted big firms to re-examine their soundness. During the 2008 global economic crisis, many big institutions experienced challenges like liquidity challenges, poor leverage, and drop in share prices and decline in assets which led to the decline in the earnings of shareholders. current study was therefore necessary to analyse the effect of firm’s soundness on shareholders earnings of listed firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The specific objectives of the study were: To evaluate the effect of liquidity on the shareholders earnings of firms listed at Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya, to establish the effect of firm size on shareholders earnings of firms listed at Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya, to examine the effect of leverage on shareholders earnings of firms listed at Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya and to analyse the effect of firm’s age on shareholders earnings of firms listed at the Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya. This study is expected to assist businesses in comprehending the soundness that must be emphasized in order to avoid financial losses. As a result, it assist in informing the policies of listed companies in terms of liquidity, leverage, and assets, which is a measure of the firm's size. Firms should be able to develop a policy that improves shareholder earnings based on soundness. Finally, it is expected that shareholders and other potential investors will benefit from a clear understanding of the factors that influence earnings per share within the company. The Modigliani and Miller theory, as well as the Agency theory, were used to guide the research. A descriptive research design was used in this study. The study's target population was all listed companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange over the period 2015 to 2021. The 64 companies were analyzed using the census study. Data had been collected using a secondary data collection sheet. The study employed secondary data obtained from the published financial statements of the respective firms, from the Nairobi Securities Exchange and the Capital Markets Data. A panel regression model was employed in the analysis of data with the aid of the stata version 14. The study found out that Liquidity had a positive significant effect on the shareholders earnings In addition, firms’ size had a significant and positive effect on the shareholders ‘earnings. Moreover, Leverage had a non significant positive effect on the shareholders earnings .The firms’ age on the other hand has a positive and significant effect on the shareholders earnings.
 The study recommends the following based on the findings. First the listed firms should enhance its liquidity by investing more on liquid assets. This should entail more investments in treasury bills, treasury bonds and other liquid stocks. They should also diversify their investments by investing in money markets. Additionally it should enhance its liquidity by controlling its overheads through getting rid of unnecessary expenses. Secondly, the listed firms needs to expand its asset base. As seen from the findings, firms size had a significant effect on the shareholder’s earnings meaning that the higher the size in terms of total assets, the higher the shareholders earnings. Firms should therefore expand its assets base by developing new products for the customers, increasing its customer base while expanding to new markets. Thirdly, the findings also indicate that firm’s age has a significant effect on the shareholder’s earnings. To sustain its performance and shareholder’s earnings, firms that have been in operation for many years compared to the rest should harness on the experience and economies of scale to ensure that they are able to sustain their performance. This should entail a thorough trend analysis of its performance over the years and designing better strategies based on the past challenges and its internal strengths.

Changes in global, domestic, and stock price as a response to Indonesian CPO export ban: An opening door into a worldwide financial distress

In April 2022, Indonesian government decided to implement a policy to ban crude palm oil (CPO) exports due to the scarcity of cooking oil in domestic market, which was revoked after twenty-one days put into effect. Considering the important contribution of CPO trade particularly to food and consumer goods industries, a sudden cessation of CPO supplies might instigate financial distress across the globe. This research aims to measure changes in global and domestic CPO price as well as stock price of IDX-listed CPO companies in response to the enactment of CPO export ban under the Decree 22/2022. At the first stage, a descriptive measurement is employed to analyze the monthly changes in value for each price variable. At the second stage, the Pearson's correlation coefficient is applied to measure the statistical relationship between two price variables. The result shows that the domestic market responded more quickly with a 16.77% price drop in May 2022 while global price increased slightly by 2.03% due to the shortage of CPO supply. Nonetheless, a sharp decline in global price of 12.57% occurred in June 2021 shortly after the export ban policy lifted. A moderately strong correlation is found between domestic and global price, expressing a quite similar fluctuation trends for both. In relation to the stock price, neither global price nor domestic price is significantly correlated with. Notwithstanding, both variables are not significantly correlated with the stock price. Stock price shows a rapid return when the CPO trading reopened. This research may contribute to the development of science in economic and financial risk as well as to the government in making future CPO trade policies. As a relatively new issue, there is no similar scientific study to this research found which can be counted a novelty.

How can China’s coal cities achieve high-quality development?—An empirical study based on the “resource curse” hypothesis

The relationship between the utilization of natural resources and high-quality economic growth has always been a concern of the academic community. China’s coal cities to varying degrees suffer from population outflow, economic stagnation or even negative growth, precipitous drop in housing prices, serious environmental damage, and other problems. There is a negative correlation from the perspective of location between the enrichment of coal resources and economic development in China, confirming the existence of coal “resource curse” in China’s interprovincial scope. Through establishing quantitative models. This article analyzes the transmission mechanism of the nonlinear impact of coal industry development on regional total factor productivity (TFP) from the 2 paths of industrial structure evolution and factor allocation efficiency. The sample panel data of 44 coal cities in China from 2003 to 2017 are examined to empirically test the impact of coal industry development in China’s coal cities on TFP and its transmission mechanism. In the coal industry development, the service industry is being squeezed out to some degree, while the manufacturing industry is suffered from “double deindustrialization” and severe shrinkage. Such an industrial structure transformation is one of the transmission paths of “resource curse.” The development of human capital (HC) and finance has a threshold effect on the impact of the coal industry development on the TFP of coal cities. The excessive growth of coal industry has a restraining effect on the development level of HC and finance that influences the efficiency of resource allocation, resulting in failure of such industries to promote the TFP. With the improvement of HC and finance sectors in coal cities, the development of coal industry has promoted the TFP. Therefore, this article holds that the government should aim at improving the efficiency of factor allocation, formulate scientific and reasonable industrial adjustment policies, upgrade industrial structure, and actively develop manufacturing and producer services. Meanwhile, in the process of coal city development, it should pay attention to improving HC input, actively develop green finance industry to promote the development of capital market, and promote the green transformation of coal industry. Actively develop new sources of energy. The sustainable development of coal cities should be guided according to different life cycle stages in order to achieve healthy and sustainable development and break the “resource curse.”

Study of Potential Impact of Wind Energy on Electricity Price Using Regression Techniques

This paper seeks to investigate the impact analysis of wind energy on electricity prices in an integrated renewable energy market, using regression models. This is especially important as wind energy is hard to predict and its integration into electricity markets is still in an early stage. Price forecasting has been performed with consideration of wind energy generation to optimize energy portfolio investment and create an efficient energy-trading landscape. It provides an insight into future market trends which allow traders to price their products competitively and manage their risks within the volatile market. Through the analysis of an available dataset from the Austrian electricity market, it was found that the Decision Tree (DT) regression model performed better than the Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator (LASSO) models. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAE values considering wind energy generation and without wind energy generation for the Decision Tree model were found to be lowest (2.08 and 2.20, respectively) among all proposed models for the available dataset. The increasing deployment of wind energy in the European grid has led to a drop in prices and helped in achieving energy security and sustainability.

Collateral and reputation in a model of strategic defaults

This paper builds a finite-horizon model to study the role of physical collateral in a model of strategic defaults, when the borrower can develop reputation for honesty. Asset ownership increases attractiveness of the reputational channel: the borrower who would prefer to remain in autarky in the absence of the asset prefers to apply for collateralized debt. Pledging the asset as collateral facilitates reputation building, which is especially successful at the times of asset price drops, because these are the times when default is most tempting. The complementarity between secured and unsecured lending is especially pronounced when the ratio of the borrower's financial to non-financial income is neither too large nor too small.

Koronavirüs Çöküşü Sırasında Sürdürülebilirlik Endekslerinin Koruma Etkisinin İncelenmesi

This study aims to demonstrate that making sustainability investments benefits a firm not just in terms of enhanced investor trust and visibility, but also in terms of providing a safe haven for them during difficult times. For this purpose, the abnormal returns of the companies which are listed in the Sustainability Index of Borsa Istanbul are compared with the rest of the companies during the “Coronavirus crash” which took hold of every financial market in the world. To determine if the businesses represented by the BIST SI are less impacted by the Covid-19 crash than the rest, an independent samples t-test is used. The primary approach used is event study methodology, where the Leybourne, Newbold & Vougas (LNV) test for the BIST100 index is applied to confirm the impact of the "event" in question. Findings show that, like other financial markets, Borsa Istanbul had a price drop in March 2020. Also, it was observed that inclusion in the Sustainability Index reduced average loss. This implies that it is reasonable to make sustainable investments and, as a result, to be included in the sustainability indexes, as inclusion has been found to be particularly helpful in reducing loss during crisis times.

Prices of Orphan Drugs in Four Western European Countries Before and After Market Exclusivity Expiry: A Cross-Country Comparison of List Prices and Purchase Prices.

Increasing pharmaceutical expenditure challenges the sustainability and accessibility of healthcare systems across Europe. Confidentiality restraints hinder assessment of actual prices of Orphan Medicinal Products (OMPs). Hence, we assessed the real prices of brand-name OMPs around market exclusivity expiry (MEE). We aimed to explore developments in published list prices (LPs) and confidential hospital purchase prices (PPs) of brand-name OMPs relative to their market exclusivity status in Western European countries with similar GDPs. We analyzed LPs and PPs of 13 selected OMPs purchased by university hospitals in Western European countries between 2000 and 2020. For confidentially reasons, proportions were used, with the Dutch LPs of the selected OMPs at the year of MEE serving as reference values. PPs included pre-purchase discounts. Rebates were not considered. Data were analyzed from hospitals in Denmark (DK) (n=1), France (FR) (n=1), Germany (DE) (n=2), and the Netherlands (NL) (n=1). Average LPs and PPs of included OMPs dropped gradually but limited over time, with no explicit price drop after MEE. LP levels differed more per country than PP levels: LP range before MEE was 164% (DE)-101% (FR) and after MEE was 135% (DE)-82% (FR); PP range before MEE was 150% (DE)-102% (FR) and after MEE was 107% (DE)-80% (FR). Overall differences between LPs and PPs were <3% in all countries, except for Denmark. No evident price drops of included brand-name OMPs were observed around MEE and differences in purchase prices are modest in the selected Western European countries. Results were not subject to significance testing. More robust data are needed to strengthen negotiations with suppliers.

A Low-Cost, Sensitive Reporter System Using Membrane-Tethered Horseradish Peroxidase for Efficient Gene Expression Analysis.

Reporter gene assays are essential for high-throughput analysis, such as drug screening or determining downstream signaling activation/inhibition. However, use of this technology has been hampered by the high cost of the substrate (e.g., d-Luciferin (d-Luc)) in the most common firefly luciferase (FLuc) reporter gene assay. Although alternate luciferase is available worldwide, its substrate has remained expensive, and a more affordable option is still in demand. Here, we present a membrane-tethered horseradish peroxidase (mHRP), a new reporter system composed of a cell membrane expressing HRP that can preserve its enzymatic function on the cell surface, facilitates contact with HRP substrates (e.g., ABTS and TMB), and avoids the cell lysis process and the use of the high-priced luciferase substrate. An evaluation of the light signal sensitivity of mHRP compared to FLuc showed that both had comparable signal sensitivity. We also identified an extended substrate half-life of more than 5-fold that of d-Luc. Of note, this strategy provided a more stable detection signal, and the cell lysis process is not mandatory. Furthermore, with this strategy, we decreased the total amount of time taken for analysis and increased the time of detection limit of the reporter assay. Pricing analysis showed a one-third to one twenty-eighth price drop per single test of reporter assay. Given the convenience and stability of the mHRP reporter system, we believe that our strategy is suitable for use as an alternative to the luciferase reporter assay.

What future for organic farming? Foresight for a smallholder Mediterranean agricultural system

This study aims to foresee the future of organic farming in the smallholder agricultural systems of the Valencian Region (Spain), as well as to identify how different drivers of change may affect such a future. To do so, two qualitative methodologies were combined: The Delphi method and the participatory scenario development. The results estimate an upward trend for organic farming area and sales, which would contribute to a greener and more sustainable economy in the region, a slight drop in organic versus conventional food prices, the entrance of large operators and a “dualisation” of the models of production and consumption of organic food. The key role that the public sector plays for the future of organic farming is underlined by the stakeholders, who suggest that the civil society may counterbalance the lack of public support by way of collective action and an increasing awareness about health and sustainability. This study concludes by highlighting the main findings obtained, both regarding the expected evolution of organic agriculture in the region and the key factors that would influence such evolution, emphasising the applicability of the results to other similar smallholder Mediterranean farming systems.

The Mortality Effects of Winter Heating Prices.

This paper examines how the price of home heating affects mortality in the United States. Exposure to cold is one reason that mortality peaks in winter, and a higher heating price increases exposure to cold by reducing heating use. Our empirical approach combines spatial variation in the energy source used for home heating and temporal variation in the national prices of natural gas and electricity. We find that a lower heating price reduces winter mortality, driven mostly by cardiovascular and respiratory causes. Our estimates imply that the 42% drop in the natural gas price in the late 2000s, mostly driven by the shale gas boom, averted 12,500 deaths per year in the United States. The effect appears to be especially large in high-poverty communities.

COFFEE PRODUCTION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Coffee planters face competition with other cash crops and higher production costs. Besides that, the biggest issue in this sector is the labour required to select ripe coffee beans since not all beans in a single stalk of coffee mature simultaneously. Nonetheless, this well-known beverage is facing a sustainability dilemma. This paper uses previous studies on coffee production and sustainability in Malaysia. A continuous drop in global coffee prices has squeezed coffee growers and pushed many of them below the worldwide severe poverty level. This document discusses research on sustainability in the coffee industry, including past study findings, and makes various recommendations. These obstacles must be solved to achieve sustainable coffee production. All types of literature (including grey literature) were searched exploratively by including those published in the past ten years from 2011 to January 2022 and in the English language. The adoption of sustainable production practices is vital for ecosystem and biodiversity protection, as well as assuring long-term supply availability of coffee production in Malaysia. Implementing sustainability in the coffee certificate in Malaysia's coffee production system appears to be the most appropriate approach to addressing these challenges because it can synergise increasing productivity and farmers' income, implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation, and increasing farmer capability and credit access. The originality of this study is its reviews of how to sustain the coffee production in the Malaysian agriculture sector.

PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN BUAH NANAS PROGRAM KKNT DALAM MENDUKUNG MBKM GUNA MENINGKATKAN PELUANG BISNIS DESA TANJUNG BARU

Located in Muara Enim Regency, Tanjung Baru Village in Lembak Sub-district has an abundance of natural resources, one of which is a pineapple plantation that deserves attention. Thanks to the village's dry soil consisting of sand and low lime content, pineapple cultivation thrives here. In fact, locals often turn to pineapple cultivation for their livelihood. Unfortunately, the sheer number of people owning these plantations has led to a surplus of pineapples, resulting in a drop in prices and lost opportunities for profit. As students, our goal is to foster MSMEs in Tanjung Baru Village through hands-on training on how to make delicious pineapple jam. We strive to provide locals with essential knowledge to effectively utilize pineapple products and delve into researching key ingredients that have the potential to cultivate and trade high-quality pineapples at the best prices. Our goal is to assist the development of MSMEs in Tanjung Baru Village.