Previous Values Research Articles

Theory of soliton self-frequency shift in silica optical microresonators with a modified Raman response by the Boson peak.

We theoretically study the Raman-induced self-frequency shift of dissipative Kerr soliton in silica optical resonators by taking into consideration the Boson peak. We find that the Boson peak will greatly increase the soliton self-frequency shift and contribute even more than the shift induced by the Lorentzian response for certain pulse durations. We also show that the revised Raman shock time is associated with the pulse width even for a relatively long pulse. Moreover, we demonstrate that the background continuous wave decreases the self-frequency shift of the soliton via the interference with the soliton. Our theoretical and simulated results display excellent agreement with the previous experimental values in the silica-based Kerr-soliton microcomb.

Validation of a novel direct method to determine reduced adherence to atorvastatin therapy.

Objective methods to determine statin adherence are requested to improve lipid management. We have recently established a method to detect reduced adherence to atorvastatin therapy with cut-off values based on the sum of atorvastatin and its major metabolites in the blood. We aimed to validate this method in patients with and without cardiovascular disease, and optimize previous cut-off values. The pharmacokinetic study included 60 participants treated with atorvastatin 20mg (N=20), 40mg (N=20), and 80mg (N=20). Atorvastatin was then stopped and blood samples collected from day zero to day four. Quantification of the parent drug and its metabolites in blood plasma was performed with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. The cut-off values for reduced adherence were validated and optimized by calculating diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Our candidate cut-off value of dose-normalized six-component sum of atorvastatin plus metabolites <0.10nM/mg provided a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 93% for detecting ≥2 omitted doses. An optimized cut-off <0.062nM/mg provided a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. An alternative simplified two-component metabolite sum with a cut-off value <0.05nM/mg provided a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 76%. An optimized cut-off <0.02nM/mg provided a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 98%. This validation study confirms that our direct method discriminates reduced adherence from adherence to atorvastatin therapy with high diagnostic accuracy. The method may improve lipid management in clinical practice and serve as a useful tool in future studies.

Heat transfer optimization of uo2-mo fuel using genetic algorithms

Two genetic algorithm (GA) methods were applied to thermal finite element models to optimize the heat transfer efficacy of a UO2-Mo composite fuel pellet with typical pressurized water reactor fuel geometry. Mo additions to UO2 have been shown to increase the thermal conductivity, thus reducing centerline temperatures and temperature gradients. Previous studies evaluated uniformly dispersed Mo or continuous Mo internal geometries (e.g., fins, plates, discs) that were selected using engineering intuition. The current study uses two different implementations of the same GA to optimize Mo placement and minimize the fuel temperature with the only constraint being a maximum 10% Mo volume fraction. One approach superimposed Mo line elements onto the monolithic UO2 pellet model, and the other converted entire UO2 volume elements to Mo. The former method generated 1D heat transfer connections between nodes, whereas the latter method allowed for the formation of 3D structures. Features of the optimal fuel design produced by the GAs included dispersed Mo near the centerline that shifted the peak fuel temperature outward by 0.6 mm, Mo chains in the high-heat-flux region in the mid-to-outer radial zone, and a large continuous structure that spanned the full radius and height of the pellet and accounted for 87.7 % of the total Mo in the pellet. Analysis of this design indicates that the optimal Mo configuration is a balance between creating continuous heat transfer pathways and optimally dispersing Mo to minimize the heat transfer distance through UO2. This architecture ultimately produced an effective thermal conductivity of 11.3 W/m·K under the assumed boundary conditions. This result is higher than any previous values from the literature. Potential fabrication methods and challenges are discussed in addition to the implications on fuel performance.

Analysing the Connection between Economic Growth, Conventional Energy, and Renewable Energy: A Comparative Analysis of the Caspian Countries

The objective of this research paper is to apply a mathematical model to estimate and predict the economic growth of the Caspian countries in the period from 1995 to 2022. We use multiple regression by applying the OLS method to estimate the impact of global oil price, energy resource production per capita, trade, and renewable energy on GDP per capita. The mathematical approach uses fixed and random effects models to assess the overall impact of the independent variables on economic growth in this region and over the period analysed. This study also aims to investigate whether the explanatory variables are cointegrated in the long run; as such, we carry out several mathematical cointegration tests, namely the Pedroni and Johansen tests. The mathematical analysis is completed by the estimation of short- and long-run parameters using the stochastic VAR/VEC models, the impulse response function, and the causality test to assess economic growth in this region. This study’s main finding is that GDP per capita is increasingly influenced by its previous values, which is confirmed by considering lag 1 and lag 2. The results of the Granger causality tests identify several bidirectional relationships between GDP per capita and oil and gas production. These relationships are clearly positive evidence of the growth trend and progress of economic activity in the Caspian region. The practical implications of the study aim to promote and support the use of renewable energy sources. In this sense, policymakers in the Caspian countries should create favourable conditions for the transition to a green economy. An important aspect is the efforts of the government authorities to make their policies more environmentally friendly, as decarbonisation is a good practice in the current context of sustainability and related choices. As the Caspian countries are heavily dependent on conventional energy production, it is essential for them to increase their export earnings from energy resources via diversifying and strengthening new energy opportunities and partnerships.

Finite‐time stabilization for a class of more general p‐normal nonlinear systems with input and output nonlinearities

AbstractThis study investigates the global finite‐time state feedback stabilization for a class of more general p‐normal nonlinear systems subjects to input time‐delay and uncertain output function under rational powers. A novel control input compensation signal comprising a finite integral of previous control values is presented, and an equivalent system with control input dependent‐free time delay is obtained by introducing a variable transformation technique that includes the compensation signal. A suitable controller is designed in line with the homogeneous domination method to ensure the globally finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified through a numerical simulation and an induction heater circuit system.

Sequence of Surgical Approach in a Patient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Treated with Renal Transplantation

Introduction: Describe the surgical sequence in a 55-year-old woman with an Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney (ADPKD) Case Presentation: We performed three surgical procedures in a woman with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) secondary to ADPKD of 13 years of evolution from June to November 2023 which are as follows: Resection of 2 liver cysts and Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Related living donor renal transplant, and Bilateral open nephrectomy, all of them with the use of innovative technology. Result: The first procedure was performed for risk reduction and two cysts of 3.5 cm x 1.6 cm x 1.5 cm and 3.3 cm x 2.0 cm x 1.4 cm and chronic cholecystitis were reported. The second one was performed one month later; the patient had previous creatinine values of 4.73. The graft was positioned in the right iliac fossa where end-to-side anastomosis of renal vessels was performed with external iliac vessels and uretero-vesical anastomosis was executed with the Lich-Gregoir technique; the total ischemia time was 109 minutes and the kidney presented immediate function. At 48 hours, a Doppler ultrasound was performed, which reported a renal artery resistance index of 0.5, with homogeneous cortical perfusion, without collections, vessels, and ureter without stenosis or thrombosis; therefore, the patient was discharged 5 days after the transplant with optimal graft function and creatinine levels of 1.75. In the last procedure, two kidneys of 1.6 kg each were obtained and pathology reported adult polycystic disease with interstitial fibrosis, chronic inflammation, dystrophic calcification, tubular and glomerular atrophy. At the moment she has stable graft function and went from having creatinine levels of 4.73 to 1.2 and her glomerular filtration rate went from 9.68 to 50.84.

Intraovarian platelet-rich plasma injection in poor responders.

To evaluate if it possible to improve ovarian reserve parameters and oocyte retrieval in poor responders who undergo intraovarian injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Prospective cohort study. We included 148 poor responders who underwent PRP injection between October 2021 and December 2022 in our institution, comparing pre and post PRP ovarian function. In addition, the IVF outcomes of a subgroup of patients was studied after the intervention in contrast with the previous treatment. An improvement in ovarian reserve was observed in relation to previous values: FSH (13.57 vs. 11.32, p=0.11), AMH (0.39 vs. 0.48, p=0.06), antral follicle count (3.98 vs. 5.75, p<0.001); as well as a higher number of oocytes retrieved (2.63 vs. 3.65, p=0.01) and produced embryos (1.64 vs. 2.22, p=0.03); without a great impact on pregnancy rates. Although experimental, intraovarian PRP could restore ovarian function and be postulated as an alternative to oocyte donation in patients with low ovarian reserve who do not accept this treatment. There is a lack of randomized controlled trials to support these findings.

The application of blood flow sound contrastive learning to predict arteriovenous graft stenosis of patients with hemodialysis.

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) presents a significant public health challenge, with hemodialysis (HD) remaining one of the most prevalent kidney replacement therapies. Ensuring the longevity and functionality of arteriovenous accesses is challenging for HD patients. Blood flow sound, which contains valuable information, has often been neglected in the past. However, machine learning offers a new approach, leveraging data non-invasively and learning autonomously to match the experience of healthcare professionas. This study aimed to devise a model for detecting arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) stenosis. A smartphone stethoscope was used to record the sound of AVG blood flow at the arterial and venous sides, with each recording lasting one minute. The sound recordings were transformed into mel spectrograms, and a 14-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed to detect stenosis. The CNN comprised six convolution blocks with 3x3 kernel mapping, batch normalization, and rectified linear unit activation function. We applied contrastive learning to train the pre-training audio neural networks model with unlabeled data through self-supervised learning, followed by fine-tuning. In total, 27,406 dialysis session blood flow sounds were documented, including 180 stenosis blood flow sounds. Our proposed framework demonstrated a significant improvement (p<0.05) over training from scratch and a popular pre-trained audio neural networks (PANNs) model, achieving an accuracy of 0.9279, precision of 0.8462, and recall of 0.8077, compared to previous values of 0.8649, 0.7391, and 0.6538. This study illustrates how contrastive learning with unlabeled blood flow sound data can enhance convolutional neural networks for detecting AVG stenosis in HD patients.

Geoecological and economic consequences of creation, drainage and possible variants of restoration the Kakhovsky reservoir

In the article, in the aspect of engineering and geological safety of structures and communications, the long-term hydrogeological consequences of the support and drainage effects at coastal areas of destroyed Kakhovsky hydro node reservoir as a leading eco-forming component of a giant natural and man-made geosystem are considered. In particular, it included Zaporizhia NPP, the largest in Europe, and the largest irrigation systems in Ukraine. The consequences of the hydrodynamic disaster due to explosion of Kakhovskaya HPP, the dynamics and current state of drainage of the bed of its reservoir are briefly described, according to the data of GIS analysis of space images. And also – the state of hydrogeological and engineering-geological conditions in the reservoir support zone at the time of disaster and in retrospect. A calculated assessment of changes in hydrogeological conditions for the next 10-15 years has been carried out. Long-term natural and man-made threats that arose as a result of such changes in hydrogeological (geofiltration and geodynamic) conditions are named. The set of socio-economic threats that arose due to the negative consequences of Kakhovsky reservoir existence and draining is described. It is emphasized that the restoration of hydrotechnical and water management parameters of the reservoir in the previous values (according to the conservative version) will lead to secondary geospatial water saturation of subsiding loess-loamy silty-clay floatingable rocks that have already undergone deformations due to a decrease in geotechnical stability during the initial flooding and subsequent drainage. This will start a new stage in the formation of dangerous violations of stress-deformed state of coastal slopes, of Zaporizhzhya NPP responsible structures foundation and in nearby cities and towns. A socially and ecologically favorable option for the rehabilitation of affected region is possible only on the modern European ideological and technological basis of taking into account the maximum permissible changes in the hydrological network, i.e. by means of: creating a cascade of low support channel reservoirs with locks and small hydroelectric power stations, reconstruction of riverside ponds and water supply systems, transfer of domestic water supply to underground sources, irrigated lands – for drip irrigation, ecological reclamation and afforestation of drained lands.

An examination of retinal findings with optical coherence tomography in hypothyroidism patients with vitamin D deficiency: A comparative study

&lt;b&gt;Aim: &lt;/b&gt;This study aimed to examine the retinal layer before and after treatment in patients with hypothyroidism with vitamin D deficiency, since the vitamin also protects the retinal cells against inflammatory damage.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/b&gt;The free T3, free T4, and vitamin D levels of 104 patients with no ocular disease were first measured. Ophthalmological examinations of these patients, who were divided into three groups, were performed by specialist ophthalmologists, while retinal findings were examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and recorded. The first group was given vitamin D for three months, the second levothyroxine, and the third vitamin D + levothyroxine. After three months repeat OCT was performed, and the results were compared with the previous values.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The thickness of the left inner nuclear cell layer of the patients in the vitamin D group increased significantly compared to pre-treatment. Post-treatment right central macular thickness, right nerve fiber layer, right outer nuclear cell layer, right pigment epithelial layer, left central macular, and left inner nuclear cell layer thicknesses were all significantly higher compared to pre-treatment in the patients in the levothyroxine + vitamin D group, while right outer retinal layer and left retinal nerve fiber thicknesses decreased (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A greater increase in cell layer thickness was observed in the group using vitamin D and levothyroxine together compared to those in which vitamin D and levothyroxine were employed alone. However, further studies on the effect of vitamin D on retinal cell development and protection against injury are now needed.

Emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds from open burning of typical subtropical biomass in South China

Open biomass burning (OBB) is one of the largest primary emission sources for atmospheric carbonyl compounds, key precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol pollution. To clarify the carbonyl emissions, the comprehensive characteristics of C1–C10 carbonyl compounds from open burning of seven typical subtropical biomass in China were investigated in this study, which included subtropical plants and agricultural residues. Total 27 carbonyl compounds were detected. The total EFs were 2824 mg kg−1 with 95% confidence interval (CI) [2418, 3322] for burning subtropical plants and 4080 mg kg−1 with 95% CI [3446, 4724] for burning agriculture residues, respectively. The EFs were 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than previous values in China. Aliphatic aldehydes were the largest group of carbonyl groups, with acetaldehyde, as the most abundant carbonyl species (about 30% contribution). Formaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, butanone, isovaleraldehyde, and m-tolualdehyde were also found to be abundant and varying with the types of biomass burnt. Formaldehyde emission ratios to acetonitrile and CO were lower than those in previous studies both for burning plants and agricultural residues. There were significant variabilities in the emission ratios and factors among different types of OBBs. Strong positive correlations were found between carbonyl emissions and CO emissions and water content in biomass; furthermore, total carbonyl concentrations measured in the flaming stage were higher than those in the smoldering one. This study provides important fundamental measurement data on carbonyl emissions from burning typical subtropical plants and agricultural residues, which will help improve the quality of emission inventories and better understand the potential impacts of OBB on regional air quality in southern China.

ADVANCED DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATIONS BASED ON LAG MODELS

Research and forecasting of time series based on models with lags is offered, as well as calculation of a reliable forecast based on data on birth rates in Ukraine. Economic modeling is one of the important modern tools for assessing the impact of technologies on the economic sector in order to obtain an optimal solution. Economic evaluations can be based on several different modeling approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The relevance of the use of economic and mathematical models for the purpose of studying demography is connected with the need to study population and migration processes, as well as for further planning and implementation of the country's economic and social development. In every sphere of the economy, there are phenomena that are interesting and important to study in their development, as they evolve over time. Prices, economic conditions, industrial processes, and demographic data tend to change over time. The set of measurements of this kind of indicators depending on time is a time series. The goals of studying time series can be different. It is possible, for example, to try to predict the future on the basis of knowledge of the past, to control the process that generates the series, to try to find out the mechanism underlying the process, to clear the series of components that obscure its dynamics, or simply to briefly describe the characteristic features of the series. When studying the relationships between indicators or when analyzing their development over time, not only the current value of the variables, but also some previous values in time, as well as time itself, are used as explanatory variables. Models of this type are called dynamic. In economic analysis, dynamic models are used quite widely. This is quite natural, because in many cases the influence of some economic factors on others is not carried out immediately, but with some delay − a lag. The object of research is the mathematical model of the interdependence of the vector time series "Births in Ukraine for January 2005 − July 2012." The data are chosen quite relevantly, because without a preliminary demographic forecast it is impossible to imagine the prospects of industry and consumption of goods and services, housing construction, development of social infrastructure, health care and education, pension system and solutions to geopolitical problems.

Intraovarian platelet-rich plasma injection in poor responders

Objective:&#x0D; To evaluate if it possible to improve ovarian reserve parameters and oocyte retrieval in poor responders who undergo intraovarian injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP).&#x0D; Design:&#x0D; Prospective cohort study. We included 148 poor responders who underwent PRP injection between October 2021 and December 2022 in our institution, comparing pre and post PRP ovarian function. In addition, the IVF outcomes of a subgroup of patients was studied after the intervention in contrast with the previous treatment.&#x0D; Results:&#x0D; An improvement in ovarian reserve was observed in relation to previous values: FSH (13,57 vs. 11,32, p=0,11), AMH (0,39 vs. 0,48, p=0,06), antral follicle count (3,98 vs. 5,75, p&lt;0,001); as well as a higher number of oocytes retrieved (2,63 vs. 3,65, p=0,01) and produced embryos (1,64 vs. 2,22, p=0,03); without a great impact on pregnancy rates.&#x0D; Conclusions:&#x0D; Although experimental, intraovarian PRP could restore ovarian function and be postulated as an alternative to oocyte donation in patients with low ovarian reserve who do not accept this treatment. There is a lack of randomized controlled trials to support these findings.

Efficacy of clofazimine-containing regimens for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex–pulmonary disease in patients unsuitable for standard treatment regimen

ObjectivesPatients with Mycobacterium avium complex-pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) can exhibit contraindications in applying the recommended treatment regimens by the guidelines. Clofazimine (CFZ) is considered a promising drug for MAC-PD treatment and is frequently included in alternative regimens; however, its efficacy remains unclear. MethodsMAC-PD patients, unsuitable for standard regimens, were enrolled continuously in a prospective study at Beijing Chest Hospital. The treatment response of the CFZ-containing regimen was monitored. ResultsFifty patients were enrolled in the initial treatment, and 25 patients had a history of anti-TB treatment. Nodular bronchiectasis was observed in 34 patients, while 8 patients exhibited fibrocavitary changes. Additionally, eight patients displayed a combination of both patterns. In a multivariate analysis, MAC-PD patients with CFZ MIC < 0.25 mg/L were significantly associated with culture conversion [OR 8.415, 95% CI (1.983–35.705); P = 0.004]. Among patients who had previous TB treatment history, patients with CFZ MIC < 0.25 mg/L had a higher chance of acquiring culture conversion outcomes [(OR 7.737, 95% CI 1.032–57.989); P = 0.046]. In contrast, among patients with no previous TB treatment history, the RIF-containing regimen had a higher chance of acquiring culture conversion outcomes [(OR 11.038, 95%CI 1.008–120.888); P = 0.049]. ConclusionMAC-PD patients unsuitable for standard regimens could benefit from a CFZ-containing regimen, especially for patients with previous TB treatment history and baseline CFZ MIC values lower than 0.25 mg/L.

MTOR inhibitors a potential predisposing factor for chronic hepatitis E: Results from the prospective collaborative CHES study (Chronic Hepatitis EScreening in patients with immune impairment and increased transaminases levels)

BackgroundChronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) in persons with immune impairment has a progressive course leading to a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis. However, prospective data on chronic HEV is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for chronic HEV infection in subjects with immune dysfunction and elevated liver enzymes. Patients and methodsCHES is a multicenter prospective study that included adults with elevated transaminases values for at least 6 months and any of these conditions: transplant recipients, HIV infection, haemodialysis, liver cirrhosis, and immunosuppressant therapy. Anti-HEV IgG/IgM (Wantai ELISA) and HEV-RNA by an automated highly sensitive assay (Roche diagnostics) were performed in all subjects. In addition, all participants answered an epidemiological survey. ResultsThree hundred and eighty-one patients were included: 131 transplant recipients, 115 cirrhosis, 51 HIV-infected subjects, 87 on immunosuppressants, 4 hemodialysis. Overall, 210 subjects were on immunosuppressants. Anti-HEV IgG was found in 94 (25.6%) subjects with similar rates regardless of the cause for immune impairment. HEV-RNA was positive in 6 (1.6%), all of them transplant recipients, yielding a rate of chronic HEV of 5.8% among solid-organ recipients. In the transplant population, only therapy with mTOR inhibitors was independently associated with risk of chronic HEV, whereas also ALT values impacted in the general model. ConclusionsDespite previous abnormal transaminases values, chronic HEV was only observed among solid-organ recipients. In this population, the rate of chronic HEV was 5.8% and only therapy with mTOR inhibitors was independently associated with chronic hepatitis E.

Восстановление пространственной функции распределения неоднородностей покрытия по функции распределения на шлифе

In the experimental studies of the structure of the special coating layer overlaid on metal applying gas-thermal spraying technique, one of the main methods is the study of polished specimen micrography. According to the computer analysis of microphotographs, it is possible to obtain the distribution function of inhomogeneities in the sample. However, since micrography is a flat image, the resulting function will be two-dimensional, whereas in a real sample, the distribution of defects is described by a three-dimensional function. In this paper, the problem of the space function recovery for the distribution of defects in a gas-thermal coating is viewed on the basis of the analysis of polished specimen micrography. The actual inclusion of an irregular shape is replaced by an effective three-axis ellipsoid. The problem is solved in the general form of reduction of the space function f of inhomogeneities distribution according to their distribution function f P on the cross - sectional plane P, which includes some integral transformation I. It is shown that in the special case of spherical particles, the inversion I^(-1) exists and is an integral transformation of the same type as I. The space distribution of spherical particles is also viewed, which does not depend on the longitudinal coordinate z, where particle sizes are limited at each point by a function R(x,y), depending on the coordinates. This distribution is suitable in its essense to the stationary spraying technology, when in deep layers near the substrate, the coating material melts completely and forms a single melt, while closer to the surface and edges, the parts that are not completely melted form inclusions of noticeable sizes. The reduction of the Fuller distribution law, used to optimize the granulometric composition of powder materials, is viewed as a second example. It is found that the reduction of the density of the ellipsoid distribution function to the section of a flat strip transfers the density of the distribution of centers as original, and the product of Fuller distributions times independent parameters is transformed into the product of distributions times the opposite degree parameters and also the previous values of the parameters of the ellipsoid

The first ground-based detection of the 752 GHz water line in local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies using APEX-SEPIA

Abstract We report the first ground-based detection of the water line p-H2O (211–202) at 752.033 GHz in three z &amp;lt; 0.08 ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs): IRAS 06035-7102, IRAS 17207-0014 and IRAS 09022-3615. Using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), with its Swedish-ESO PI Instrument for APEX (SEPIA) band-9 receiver, we detect this H2O line with overall signal-to-noise ratios of 8–10 in all three galaxies. Notably, this is the first detection of this line in IRAS 06035-7102. Our new APEX-measured fluxes, between 145 to 705 Jy km s−1, are compared with previous values taken from Herschel SPIRE FTS. We highlight the great capabilities of APEX for resolving the H2O line profiles with high spectral resolutions while also improving by a factor of two the significance of the detection within moderate integration times. While exploring the correlation between the p-H2O(211–202) and the total infrared luminosity, our galaxies are found to follow the trend at the bright end of the local ULIRG’s distribution. The p-H2O(211–202) line spectra are compared to the mid-J CO and HCN spectra, and dust continuum previously observed with ALMA. In the complex interacting system IRAS 09022-3615, the profile of the water emission line is offset in velocity with respect to the ALMA CO(J = 4 − 3) emission. For IRAS 17207-0014 and IRAS 06035-7102, the profiles between the water line and the CO lines are spectroscopically aligned. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of directly conducting ground-based high-frequency observations of this key water line, opening the possibility of detailed follow-up campaigns to tackle its nature.

IODRNN - Incremental output decomposition for a valid traffic flow prediction with GNSS data

Traffic flow prediction, a crucial application of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), has become an increasingly prevalent research topic. However, existing models that achieved high prediction accuracy on selected metrics may suffer from time delay in prediction curves which has been rarely explored. These models may produce seemingly accurate but invalid predictions by merely tracking and replicating previous true values. To address this anomaly, we propose a highly interpretable prediction mechanism, the Incremental Output Decomposition Recurrent Neural Network (IODRNN). We also introduce a new metric called Shift Divergence Difference (SDD) to assess the degree of latency of the overall sequence and evaluate the effectiveness of IODRNN in reducing the delay phenomenon. Our experimental results using real-world GNSS traffic data show that IODRNN has the smallest degree of latency and improves MAE and RMSE by 16.8% and 17.4% on average, respectively, over most contrast models. Our study presents an effective approach to evaluate prediction latency, ensuring validity and robustness in traffic prediction.

Enlightening salt: enthalpy of formation of gaseous sodium chloride by photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy

An in-vacuum flash pyrolysis microreactor was used to seed a molecular beam with gaseous sodium chloride. The vapour was ionised with tuneable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet radiation to determine the 0 K appearance energy of the sodium cation from sodium chloride using photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. In addition to the Na+ and NaCl+ peaks, Na2Cl+ was also observed in the mass spectrum, as a tracer for gaseous (NaCl)2. Larger clusters were not observed. The breakdown diagram showed that the monomer underwent significant collisional cooling in the molecular beam, tentatively because of the increased stagnation pressure in the reactor. It also yielded an Na+ appearance energy of E 0 = 9.351 ± 0.007 eV. By the ion cycle, this leads to D 0(NaCl) = 406.4 ± 0.7 kJ mol−1 and Δf H o⦵ 0K(NaCl(g)) = −179.0 ± 1.0 kJ mol−1, which agree with but are better defined than the previous values. This enthalpy of formation is independent of the crystalline phase, and therefore confirms the literature sublimation enthalpy, as well.

Rail transport electric drive with intelligent control system

Purpose. The study of the conditions for the occurrence of frictional self-oscillations, the synthesis of a neuroregulator eliminating self-oscillation, the development of a system for automatic control of the of railway transport speed depending on the curvature of the track on the basis of computer vision technology. Methodology. Mathematical analysis and modeling. Findings. The paper presents the results of the development and research of an intelligent control system for the electric drive of a DS3 mainline electric locomotive. The developed systems have a single easily implemented motor speed feedback, which does not create difficulties in physical implementation. It is noted that a common feature of the electric drive of rail transport is a nonlinear load characteristic. It is shown that, under certain combinations of parameters, frictional self-oscillations are possible in the traction electric drive. Effective elimination of frictional self-oscillations is done by synthesizing the system with a neuroregulator. The neural network has three input neurons that receive a vector of input signals in the form of a voltage signal, a signal of the motor speed value of the current and previous energy speed values. The number of neurons in the hidden layer of the system is 20 and there is one output neuron.The control actions for the frequency converter are formed on the output neuron. Neural networks of this type are designated NN3-20-1. The genetic algorithm method is used for all optimization of neural network parameters. The simulation model of the electric drive of rail transport has the integration of a computer vision unit. Increasing the level of automation and safety of rail vehicles is possible on the basis of computer vision. A feature of this structure is the presence of an NN neural regulator in it. NN ensures the specified quality of the transient process over the entire load range and when the operating point is located on a falling section. A system for automatic control of the speed of rail vehicles depending on the curvature of the track has been developed to increase the level of automation and traffic safety. Modeling of the system showed its efficiency, which is manifested in a decrease in the speed of rail vehicles when moving along a section of track with curvature. Originality. Effective elimination of frictional self-oscillations due to the use of a neuroregulator. Practical value. A system for automatically adjusting the speed of rail transport depending on the curvature of the track has been developed to increase the level of automation and traffic safety.