Previous Training Experience Research Articles

Mad Studies, Inclusive Education and Higher Education Participation – Critiquing Fitness to Teach

This article focuses on a critique of the UK’s policy directive related to fitness to teach particularly in relation to the experiences of disabled people attending teacher education. It utilises Mad Studies to raise a different set of questions in relation to teacher education and higher education participation. As ‘madness’ is ‘beginning to be reclaimed by the user/survivor movement’ (Spandler et al., 2015, p.6), and in conjunction with the struggle for an inclusive higher education system, this article drawing upon experiential knowledge, explores issues of access to support, disclosure, and recounts the coercive power relations that position mad students – students experiencing distress and anxiety aspiring to be teachers in disadvantaged and marginal spaces. It recognises that there are tensions in using various terminological descriptors that shape and reshape discourses of power/knowledge. Given the increasing number of students being and becoming identified as having mental health difficulties (an official term in the higher education lexicon of name-calling) the university is coming under increasing scrutiny. Policy directives such as ‘fit to study’, and ‘fitness to teach’ pose specific barriers and challenges. Alternatively, the disciplinary fields of Mad Studies, (Critical) Disability Studies, and Inclusive Education, offer different insights and questions about how institutions can disrupt traditional ableist/disablist structures of normalcy and systems of discrimination. Rather than typical ‘curative’ policy directives related to ‘self-help’, ‘self-improvement’, ‘self-confidence’, ‘self-efficacy’ and notions of ‘well-being’, this article argues that such discovery/recovery policies are inherently discriminatory and deficient. This article builds upon the findings from a postgraduate research study which explored the experiences of Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) trainee students in terms of their interactions with different staff whilst on school placements (Pattinson, 2021). This previous small-scale study specifically utilised the use of questionnaires and interviews with university tutors, school teachers and students situated within the Southwest of England. Alongside drawing upon the lived experiences of trainee students and university teachers, it includes a personal narrative of one of the authors, Sarah, who shares her own previous teacher training experiences which are situated alongside emerging concerns with ableist/disablist policy directives. Within this context, this article examines these interactions in context of the so-called ‘fitness to teach’ policy, a current disciplinary requirement under legislative duties.

Job Service Specialists’ Lifelong Learning Experience in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study

Lifelong learning is a key element that helps adults undergo and adapt to different career stages. This study analyzed job service specialists’ lifelong learning experience of successfully matching the needs between job seekers and employers. The researchers adopted the qualitative research method and conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 11 outstanding-performing job service specialists to collect their learning experiences. The findings were that: (a) Job service specialists improve their professional competencies through formal education (Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees), non-formal education (obtaining licenses and participating in training programs), and informal learning (self-directed learning and seeking others’ experiences). (b) Job service specialists’ duties include understanding job seekers’ backgrounds, needs, motivations, expectations, career plans, and previous training experiences; job application assistance; and regular follow-ups. (c) The greatest difficulties job service specialists encounter are insufficient understanding of job seekers’ physiological and psychological characteristics and job seekers’ and employers’ needs. (d) Job service specialists can effectively match jobs for job seekers and fulfill employers’ needs by learning continuously in workplaces. These results can provide a reference for government agencies to design continuing education programs for job service specialists to promote their professional competencies.

Impact of Live Tissue Training on Provider Confidence for Operative Trauma Management.

Readiness of military health care providers is essential to maintain a prepared fighting force and remains a central issue for today's military. Maintaining skills regarding operative management of trauma is becoming more difficult if not located at an urban trauma center. Live tissue training may be used to practice skills in a facility that does not have exposure to high acuity trauma. The goal of our live tissue skills course is to train health care providers and ancillary staff in the management of various injury complexes and improve confidence and familiarity with management using a porcine model. A live tissue skills course using a porcine model was offered to surgical residents, attendings, and operating room technicians. Before completing the course, each participant completed a survey assessing comfort level, previous training experiences, and deployments. Operative management was simulated with a standardized sequence of abdominal and thoracic injuries. After the course, each participant then completed a survey assessing comfort level, benefit of the course, and comparison to inanimate simulation training. Survey information was obtained via participant completion of a multiple-choice confidential questionnaire. Responses were collected from 34 participants at our institution. Average abdominal trauma comfort increased from 2.79 to 3.73, with no participants reporting feeling not comfortable at all post-lab. Average thoracic trauma comfort increased from 2.47 to 3.48, with one participant reporting feeling not comfortable at all post-lab. Overall, 85% of participants reported the course to be very beneficial in improving their knowledge, 83% reported the course to be very beneficial compared to inanimate simulators, and 92% reported high fidelity of the live tissue training course. Perceived as highly beneficial, live tissue training increased comfort with operative trauma management by surgical residents, attendings, and technicians supporting continued utilization. Further evaluation of live tissue courses would be advantageous in assessing surgical skill improvement, including comparison with simulation training.

Predicting one repetition maximum in novice males: An RPE-based bench press model

This study aimed to estimate one repetition maximum (1RM) of healthy males based on the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) in bench press movement and to provide a particular predictive equation. Seventy healthy males (Age: 24.93 ± 0.64 years; BMI: 25.04 ± 0.35 kg/m2) with no previous experience of resistance training performed 1RM of bench press with closed eyes and then chose a number to determine the intensity by RPE scale of 1–10 (CR1-10 scale). The intensity of this repetition was randomly selected based on the percentages of 1RM: 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% and 95%. A special prediction equation was provided based on a mathematical model using the weight lifted, RPE, and RPE coefficient. Moreover, the standardized testing protocol of 1RM (STP) and Brzycki equation protocol (BEP) were used to verify the validity of the RPE equation. Predictive equations were produced and cross-validated using repeated k-fold cross-validation by stepwise multiple linear regression. BEP and STP did not differ significantly from RPE-equation in predicting 1RM (p > 0.05). Based on the BEP and STP, a 1RM attempt for inexperienced males resulted in 74.20 ± 2.24 kg and 77.47 ± 2.17, respectively, while the RPE equation produced 77.86 ± 2.58 kg. There were significant results for linear regression (p = 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficients between BEP and STP with predicted 1RM were 0.99. The new method of 1RM based on RPE performed well in 1RM performance in inexperienced males, and it appeared safe, accurate, and time-effective.

"I feel like I'm changing people's lives, even if it's just two hours at a time": Understanding contingent instructors' emotion management in university teaching.

This article extends existing scholarship on contingent or temporary-contract university instructors' emotional agency by employing the Bolton's emotion management and Cottingham's emotional capital typologies in tandem. In interviews with 40 instructors from universities across Canada, participants described acquiring both primary and secondary emotional capital as an embodied psychosocial resource through past education, upbringing and culture, and knowledge and skills from previous work and training experiences respectively. They then deployed this capital through emotion management based in both social and organizational feeling rules in their capacity as professors. This allowed instructors to reinforce their own sense of purpose, authority and competence as instructors, and to establish fulfilling relationships with students through teaching and mentoring which they infused with personal meaning. However, instructors' agency was also curtailed to varying degrees, by both institutional attitudes around academic contingency and sexist, and in some cases, racist or otherwise patronizing attitudes from students. Despite this, instructors were often able to reaffirm their identities as instructors by using emotion management in self-affirming ways, such as by drawing on self-confidence gained through previous occupations and training, and facilitating cultural backgrounds shared with students through emotional management.

Awareness and Training Needs of Teachers in Inclusive Education

The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the awareness levels and identify the training requirements of educators in inclusive education. The study encompassed 73 teachers from the Grade School, Junior High School, and Senior High School divisions of a private university within the purview of the Division of Iloilo City, Philippines for the academic year 2023- 2024. An adapted questionnaire was utilized as the primary research tool. The analysis used frequency count, percentage, mean, rank, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The findings revealed that, when collectively considered, the educators demonstrated an intermediate level of awareness concerning inclusive education, mainly focusing on Professional Knowledge Regarding Inclusive Education and Exceptional Children, Knowledge of Instructional Practices and Content, and Knowledge in Planning and Managing the Teaching and Learning Environment. Moreover, the results emphasized the pressing need for training, with respondents emphasizing the significance of being effectively trained in areas such as Assessing Student Needs, Resourcing Classroom Learning, Enhancing Collaboration and Communication with Parents, Colleagues, and the Community, Evaluation of Student Progress, and Goal Setting. Furthermore, the study also explored potential differences in awareness levels across various demographic factors, including age, educational background, grade level taught, length of service, and previous training experiences. The analysis revealed that these demographic factors did not significantly influence the awareness levels among the teachers regarding inclusive education.

Social-cognitive Skills Training on Interpersonal Understanding of Social Norms During Adolescence.

Social-cognitive skills training (SCST) in a therapeutic setup can result in more positive outcomes when incorporated with psychotherapy, especially among adolescents with minor social-cognitive impairments in their social interactions. It may result in multifarious benefits to mitigate their social-cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to identify the effects of SCST on interpersonal understanding of social norms in adolescents with low social cognition. In this quasi-experimental research, 80 adolescents (10-19 years) with low social cognition, no previous experience of skills training, and absence of any psychological disorders, especially those that affect their social-cognitive functioning, with assent from the participants and written informed consent from the parents/guardian and a score below 58 on the Need For Social-Cognition Scale, were included. They were randomly allocated into SCST or waitlist control group. SCST consists of 20 sessions with indoor activities, games, and discussions, and it has been arranged for 1 hour per 3 days a week for 3 months. Edinburgh social cognition test (ESCoT) was used to assess the degree of interpersonal understanding of social norms among adolescents as part of pre and posttests. The Wilcoxon Sign Ranked Test showed that the interpersonal understanding of social norms after SCST is significantly higher than the interpersonal understanding of social norms SCST with a large effect size. The mean (standard deviation) scores in the ESCoT test improved significantly (P < 0 .001) following [W = 0.001, P < .001, r = -1.000]. SCST effectively improves the interpersonal understanding of social norms, an essential developmental milestone during adolescence. It highlights the importance of focusing on mental health as a developmental asset that can influence social-cognitive development in the future.

Effects of a Nonlinear Program on Different Health Parameters in the Elderly.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of a nonlinear training program on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, as well as the response of biochemical parameters such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). The nonlinear periodized program would produce greater improvements in outcomes than the linear periodized training program. Randomized cross-sectional design. Level 3. Older adults with no previous training experience (10 male and 8 female [age, 64 ± 2.1 years; height, 165.12 ± 7.5 cm; body mass, 72.5 ± 11.4 kg; body max index, 26.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2]) were randomized to linear (n = 9, TT) or undulating (n = 9, UT) periodization. After a 3-week familiarization period, all participants performed 3 sessions of resistance training per week; 8 weeks of training were conducted for each group. Dual x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure VAT, and SBP and DBP were measured using an OMRON M3 digital automatic blood pressure monitor. Blood samples were collected between 8:00 a.m. and 9:30 a.m. after 12-hour overnight fasting. Both interventions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased FPG, TC, LDL-C, and TG. A significant decrease in SBP and DBP was observed only in the UT group (P < 0.05). No significant between-group differences in outcomes were observed (P > 0.5). However, the effect size was marginally more pronounced for all outcomes in the UT group. An undulating periodization program was effective in improving VAT, TC, LDL-C, FPG, HDL-C, TG, and blood glucose levels in older adults. Resistance training can be programmed in an undulating or traditional way in older adults based on improvements in health parameters, considering adherence and individual preferences.

No sex differences in time-to-task failure and neuromuscular patterns of response during submaximal, bilateral, isometric leg extensions.

In general, it has been suggested that females are more fatigue-resistant than males, with the magnitude of difference being most pronounced during low-intensity sustained contractions. However, the mechanisms for the apparent sex difference have not yet been fully elucidated in the literature. This study aimed to examine sex-related differences in fatigability and patterns of neuromuscular responses for surface electromyographic (sEMG) and mechanomyographic (sMMG) amplitude and frequency (MPF) characteristics during a sustained submaximal bilateral, isometric leg extension muscle action. A sample of 20 young recreationally active males and females with previous resistance training experience performed a sustained, submaximal, bilateral isometric leg extension until task failure. Time-to-task failure was compared using a nonparametric bootstrap of the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between males and females. Additionally, patterns of response for sEMG and sMMG amplitude and MPF of the dominant limb were examined using linear mixed effect models. There were no differences in time-to-task failure between males and females. Additionally, neuromuscular responses revealed similar patterns of responses between males and females. Interestingly, sEMG amplitude and sMMG amplitude and MPF all revealed non-linear responses, while sEMG MPF demonstrated linear responses. These data revealed that time-to-task failure was not different between males and females during sustained submaximal bilateral, isometric leg extension. Interestingly, the parallel, non-linear, increases in sEMG and sMMG amplitude may indicate fatigue induced increases in motor unit recruitment, while the parallel decreases in sMMG MPF may be explained by the intrinsic properties of later recruited motor units, which may have inherently lower firing rates than those recruited earlier.

Neuromuscular Adaptations in Response to Disuse and Weight-Training Rehabilitation are Enhanced in Resistance Trained Individuals

INTRODUCTION: Lower-limb disuse from immobilization results in a decrease in muscle strength, volume, and function. However, muscle atrophy from disuse does not entirely account for the observed strength and functional declines. Additionally, prior engagement in resistance training (RT) has been linked to the preservation of muscular strength and neuromuscular function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a single-leg immobilization protocol, followed by structured RT rehabilitation protocol, on muscle strength, volume, and neural activation in healthy young adults with and without previous strength training experience. Methods: Participants (10 Trained (T): 8 men, 2 women; 11 Untrained (UT): 8 men, 3 women) underwent 2-weeks of left-knee immobilization at 90° knee-flexion with a hinged immobilizer knee-brace. Participants were given a pair of axillary crutches for ambulation during this time. Following immobilization, all participants underwent an 8-week structured RT rehabilitation protocol. Participants visited the laboratory for three testing sessions (baseline test on Day 0; post-immobilization at the end of week 2; and post-RT rehab at the end of week 10). Maximal knee extensor isometric strength at 45°was quantified using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex). Voluntary muscle activation was quantified as the root mean square (RMS) of the interference electromyography (EMG) signals derived from two indwelling fine-wire electrodes in the vastus-lateralis muscle. Additionally, a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was performed on the EMG to determine amplitude versus frequency characteristics of the signals and how this amplitude varied with time in the 13-30 (beta) and 30-60 (piper) Hz bands. Mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) and density were also quantified using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) during all testing sessions. Results: The T group was significantly stronger (p=0.019), had greater muscle density (p=0.005) and mid-thigh mCSA (p&lt;0.001) across all sessions when compared with the UT group. However, there were no significant time or interaction effects for strength or muscle density losses (p&gt;0.05). While both groups demonstrated increased muscle activation across sessions (RMS: p=0.04; CWT: p=0.021), the T group demonstrated a greater increase in the neural drive from baseline to week 10 when compared with the UT group (RMS: p= 0.002; CWT: p=0.027). CONCLUSION: In younger adults with or without prior strength training experience, we find that losses in knee extensor isometric strength, muscle density, and mid-thigh mCSA are minimal following a 2-week immobilization protocol. However, certain neuromuscular adaptations during immobilization and following weight-training rehabilitation are enhanced to a greater degree in those with prior training, which is seemingly indicative of greater synchrony in descending cortical drive and motor unit recruitment. These latter findings warrant continued investigation using additional innovative methodologies (e.g., fMRI, TMS, etc.) for assessing the mechanisms underlying the effects of prehab protocols on neuromuscular adaptations. PGRF and Nix family foundation scholarship to Marina Meyer. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Association between Serum Biomarkers of Muscle Damage after Isokinetic Eccentric Exercise in Trained Males and Females

Eccentric exercise is well-known to induce muscle damage, and biomarkers may be related to the magnitude of impact on muscle force and muscle soreness after exercise. However, this phenomenon still needs to be investigated in more detail. The present study aimed to analyze if a correlation between muscle force, soreness, and biomarkers after eccentric exercise exists in healthy, trained 11 males and females. Eleven volunteers with previous resistance training experience performed 6 x 10 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors in the muscle performance laboratory up to 72 hours after exercise. Peak torque was measured by maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and muscle soreness by visual analogic scale (VAS) before, 24h, 48h, and 72h after the isokinetic eccentric exercise protocol. A fluorescence immunoassay analyzer determined Myoglobin and C-reactive protein levels. The MVIC significantly decreased while muscle soreness increased 24h, 48h, and 72h post eccentric exercise. Myoglobin significantly increased 48h and 72h after exercise. Muscle soreness was inversely correlated with MVIC 24h, 48h, and 72h and positively correlated with myoglobin 48h and 72h after eccentric exercise. The myoglobin was not correlated with muscle force. No significant correlation between C-reactive protein and muscle soreness and MVIC was found. In conclusion, our data suggest that myoglobin could be a valuable biomarker to be assessed alongside exercise-induced muscle soreness.

Knowledge and Confidence Level among Emergency Healthcare Workers in Airway Management and Resuscitation of Suspected Covid-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Penang and Kelantan

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 cases in Malaysia have followed a never-ending course of spike and fall since it was first detected. Though the prominent role of infection control standard precautions were strictly applied, cases among emergency healthcare workers (EHCW) contracting the disease continue to rise. Our study aims to evaluate the knowledge and confidence level and the factors that may influence the knowledge and confidence level among EHCW in airway management and resuscitation of suspected COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary hospitals in Penang and Kelantan using a validated questionnaire. The territories evaluated include the possible method of transmission, proper steps during resuscitation, airway management and intubation, intensive care management, and etiquette of personal protective equipment. RESULTS: Out of 543 EHCW eligible for the study, only 300 participants responded to the questionnaire. Our study showed only 15.3% of respondents had good knowledge and 62.3% had high confidence in airway management and resuscitation of suspected COVID-19 patients. Significant associations were seen in knowledge and confidence level among respondents with previous experience attending continuing medical education (F=7.041, P=0.008 and F=19.398, P&lt;0.001 respectively). Significant associations were also demonstrated in confidence level among respondents with previous simulation training experience (F=13.905, P&lt;0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that most EHCW had poor knowledge and moderately adequate confidence in the airway management and resuscitation of suspected COVID-19 patients. A more comprehensive and strategized training program needs to be conducted to help in improvement of the knowledge and confidence level among EHCW.

Optimizing military mental health and stress resilience training through the lens of trainee preferences: A conjoint analysis approach

ABSTRACT Effective mental health and stress resilience (MHSR) training is essential in military populations given their exposure to operational stressors. The scarcity of empirical evidence supporting the benefits of these programs emphasizes the need for research dedicated to program optimization. This paper aims to identify the relative importance of MHSR training attributes preferred by military members. Conjoint analysis (CA), an experimental method used to prioritize end-user preferences for product feature development, was conducted using an online survey with 567 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel. Participants made a series of choices between hypothetical MHSR training options that were systematically varied across seven training attributes. Each training attribute consisted of 3–4 variations in the nature of the attribute or its intensity. Participants also completed questions on health beliefs, mental health and previous MHSR training experiences, and demographics, to assess whether preferences varied by individual characteristics. CA demonstrated that instructor type, leadership buy-in, degree of skills practice, and content relevance/applicability were attributes of highest and relatively equal importance. This was followed by degree of accessible supplemental content. Lowest importance was placed on degree of behavioral nudging and demographic similarity between the trainee and trainer. Sociodemographic factors were not associated with MHSR training preferences. Programs that incorporate expert-led instruction, demonstrate leadership buy-in, embed practical applications within simulated stress environments, and provide a digitally-accessible platform to augment training may be well-received among military members. Understanding and accommodating personal preferences when designing MHSR training programs may increase relevance, foster acceptance and trust, and support sustained engagement.

How can we help? A training needs assessment for non-health professionals and volunteers working with asylum seekers and refugees

Abstract Aim To understand the perceptions of volunteers and non-health professionals who worked, work, or will work with refugees and asylum seekers, about their training needs and to know if these perceptions are influenced by the training and/or experience background. Subject and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Ninety-one worldwide participants completed the online survey. The survey consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire collecting data on previous working and training experience, and four experimental questionnaires assessing organizational management-, cultural abilities-, health-, and communication-related needs. Results Approximately 80% of participants had previous working experience with asylum seekers and refugees, although only 48% had some kind of training in this area. The training received was quite diversified in terms of format and content. Of the total sample, 74% agreed that volunteers should undergo training to enhance their ability to assist vulnerable populations and cope with stressful situations. All the participants, regardless of training background or working experience with asylum seekers and refugees, considered it important that training programs included content related to organizational management, cultural, communication, and health. Conclusion Non-health professionals and volunteers receive limited training and possess no disciplinary knowledge to perform their work, even though it has a huge social impact. It is crucial to develop more inclusive programs, capable of being used and adapted to different contexts where people are working with asylum seekers and refugees. Future studies could explore the effectiveness of innovative training methods and compare the training needs between non-health and health professionals.

Contributing Risk Factors to Self-Contamination During the Process of Donning and Doffing Personal Protective Equipment.

The goal of this study is to explore the risk factors associated with self-contamination points during personal protective equipment (PPE) donning and doffing among health care workers (HCWs). In total, 116 HCWs were randomly sampled and trained to don and doff the whole PPE set. We smeared the whole PPE set with the fluorescent powder. After each participant finished PPE doffing, the whole body was irradiated with ultraviolet light in order to detect contamination points and record the position and quantity. Sociodemographic characteristics and previous infection prevention control (IPC) training experience, among others, were collected by using electronic questionnaires. Poisson regression was used in identifying risk factors that are associated with the number of contamination points, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. About 78.5% of participants were contaminated. Ever training experience (RR = 0.37; 0.26, 0.52), clinical departments (RR = 0.67; 0.49, 0.93), body mass index (BMI) (RR = 1.09; 1.01, 1.18), and shoulder width (RR = 1.07; 1.01, 1.13) were associated with the number of contamination points. Previous IPC training experience, department types, BMI, and shoulder width were associated with self-contamination points after the PPE was removed.

Preparing for epidemics. A strategy for strengthening social science skills in Africa

The Covid pandemic was a reminder of the need to be prepared for epidemics and pandemics and to take into account their socio-political dimensions by developing socioanthropological and interdisciplinary approaches. In the post-crisis era, the challenge is one of operationality. How can these dimensions be made more visible? How can we develop analyses that can help to humanize institutional responses, make inequalities visible to limit them during the crisis, reveal structural determinants of transmission, and define interventions that are scientifically sound, ethically just and respectful of diversity?Three strategies are relevant to meet these challenges: (1) more social scientists in Frenchspeaking Africa must get expertise on epidemics to investigate associated issues before, during and after epidemic crisis; (2) public health professionals, health and social workers must get informed about social, historical, economic and political aspects of epidemics that shape risk, care and control; (3) collaborations between researchers and those involved in responding to epidemics on the basis of shared knowledge must develop.This article presents a capacity-building initiative developed in French-speaking West Africa by the Anthropology of Emerging Epidemics Network (RAAE), in conjunction with other networks (Sonar-Global) and institutions (CRCF, IRD). It describes and analyzes a program that combines a working method, a scientific content and teaching tools. This program benefited from previous training experiences and gathered expertise from about 25 social scientists, mainly medical anthropologists, who have worked on various epidemics and pandemics such as AIDS, Ebola, plague, Covid and dengue in West Africa and beyond. The process to develop the course was based on workshops followed by redaction periods, then testings for content and tools during training sessions.The course focuses on two audiences: social science researchers (with a Master degree level and above) and social and health workers (public health, community health, NGOs, social workers). For the former, the course aims at reinforcing theoretical and methodological skills through the presentation of issues, key concepts, selected theoretical developments, themes and bibliographical references. For the latter, the course is based on modules about operational issues that can be taken separately, to better adapt the content of trainings to local teams' needs. For both, a glossary includes 100 definitions of public health, medical and social science vocabulary, relevant to epidemics. The content in terms of skills to be acquired (knowledge, know-how) is presented briefly in the article. Both the scientific content and learning methods and tools are presented in a manual (Desclaux et al., Anthropologie appliquée aux épidémies émergentes, 2022 [5]) as well as on Sonar-Global (English) and RAEE (French) websites (www.sonar-global.eu, www.raee.fr).The knowledge to be imparted is organized into 13 modules: introduction; the framework for responding to epidemics; emergence and One Health; antimicrobial resistance; infectious risk (inequalities, stigmatization and prevention); knowledge (circulation and interpretation); health services (places of risk and care); public health measures (lockdown and distancing); experiences (suffering of the sick and mobilization); death (meaning and rituals); vaccination (innovation, equity and hesitation); epidemic cycles (preparation, response and recovery); challenges, methods, ethics and governance; and conclusion.The first training courses held in Senegal and Burkina Faso for university researchers and young scholars from Africa and France were positively evaluated by the participants. They report that they have acquired knowledge in epidemic social science, but also in public health, which has given them the necessary basis for communicating and developing collaborations (in research and intervention) with social and health actors. The model could be duplicated with adaptation for new training sessions organized by other institutions, for which a manual is available.

ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN ABACUS ARITMATIKA BAGI GURU MADRASAH

This research aims to analyze the training needs for arithmetic abacus skills, particularly among teachers at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Bandar Lampung. The focus is on minimizing errors and failures in achieving expected goals, as well as addressing training outcomes that do not align with the participants' objectives and needs. Through the analysis of training needs for arithmetic abacus skills, the research seeks to identify effective and efficient strategies, methods, materials, and techniques for conducting training that meets the specific needs of teachers at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Bandar Lampung. The study adopts a qualitative approach with a case study method, selecting research subjects purposively. Data collection involves interviews, observations, and documentation, with the results analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The findings of this research emphasize the crucial importance of analyzing the training needs for arithmetic abacus skills in implementing training programs. Prior to conducting training for arithmetic abacus skills, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of participants' initial skills, the methods typically used in their previous training experiences, participants' interests and responses to the upcoming training, as well as any challenges they face in arithmetic abacus skills. This ensures that the training outcomes align with the goals of the training program and meet the specific needs of Madrasah teachers, particularly at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Bandar Lampung

A Single Dose of Microencapsulated Cocoa Supplementation Does Not Speed up Muscle Force Recovery after Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study

Exercise-induced muscle damage is associated with symptoms such as inflammation, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and impaired muscle performance. The intake of cocoa polyphenols has been suggested to improve muscle recovery due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. However, their bioavailability presents a challenge. Therefore, food microencapsulation may be an alternative to protect polyphenols, ensuring their biological effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single dose of microencapsulated cocoa on the changes in muscle damage markers after eccentric exercise. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, fourteen healthy volunteers with previous resistance training experience performed 6 × 10 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of their elbow flexors using an isokinetic dynamometer after ingesting 25 g of microencapsulated cocoa or placebo. Peak isometric torque was measured using maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and pain was measured using a visual analogic scale both before and 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after the damage protocol. Plasma glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, and concentrations of myoglobin and C-reactive protein were determined using a fluorescence immunoassay analyzer. Significant decreases were seen in the peak isometric torque and pain measures from pre- to 72 h post-eccentric exercise. A significant main effect for time was found only for plasma myoglobin at 2 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and for C-reactive protein at 2 h, compared to the pre-eccentric exercise values. No significant time-treatment effects were observed (all p &gt; 0.05). This study demonstrated that microencapsulated cocoa cannot improve muscle recovery after eccentric exercise, at least when a single dose is consumed.

A23Wrapping a gastroschisis baby: an MDT simulation programme

Gastroschisis is a congenital defect of the anterior abdominal wall characterized by the herniation of abdominal contents through a defect usually located to the right-side of the umbilical cord [1]. Team-working, collaboration and clear communication between the obstetric, neonatal, and paediatric surgical teams are critical to achieving optimal outcomes in gastrochisis [2]. A national cohort study of all surgical units in the UK and Ireland identified primary closure as the optimal surgical management for antenatally detected cases of simple gastroschisis [3]. A local retrospective audit in RBHSC identified a higher rate of staged gastroschisis repair in the last 10 years with 66% of patients requiring initial silo placement, when compared to 45% national average. Data also demonstrated that patient with silo placement took longer to achieve full feeds, prolonged TPN, delayed discharge, and increased complications rates. To create an interprofessional simulation programme for the preparation and management of a gastroschisis delivery, resuscitation, and initial stabilization. Aims of this project are to improve awareness of optimal stabilization management, efficiency of bowel wrapping and clear communication amongst the MDT with the overall goal of improving the rate of primary closure and outcomes in our unit. A gastroschisis simulation model was created using vegan-sausage casings, jelly, and food colouring to create the bowel. The simulation programme focused on; team education of optimal gastroschisis management, team and delivery room preparation, primary resuscitation and bowel wrapping with clingfilm. Following a lecture of gastroschisis management and demonstration of delivery room stabilization participants were divided into teams of five, given a scenario, asked to prepare equipment, allocate roles and work in sync to achieve effective resuscitation and stabilization of the new-born. Pre and Post simulation feedback was collected and course adapted using a PDSA cycle. For continued learning a post-course video for delivery room management of gastroschisis was created and available for everyone to reference at any time in any location. Pre-simulation: 56% of participants had no previous training or clinical experience of the management of gastroschisis and 78% didn’t feel confident in providing delivery suite management and stabilization. 100% of attendees felt the simulation training improved their confidence of initial management and stabilization of gastroschisis and all would recommend this course to their peers. Simulation-based interdisciplinary team training can serve as a channel for the acquisition and maintenance of clinical skills. It is crucial to improving the management of complex neonatal conditions. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

A4Development and evaluation of a chest cavity simulation model for teaching surgical chest drain insertion

Surgical chest drain insertion is indicated in pneumothorax or haemothorax secondary to thoracic trauma. It is a mandatory emergency procedure that is incorporated as a part of the core medical training curriculum [1]. However, sparse training opportunities result in low clinician competency and increased risk of complications. While simulation training can offer a solution, the affordability of commercial models and hygiene and ethical implications of animal carcasses are significant limiting factors. The aim of this project is to build a reusable, high-fidelity, low-cost human chest cavity model excluding animal use for simulation-based teaching of surgical chest drain insertion. To construct the model, plaster gauze, metal wires and u-channel rubber trims were used to build a ribcage. Soy-protein-based sausage casing was used to create the pleural layers, and the muscles and subcutaneous fat were represented with ADAMgel (Aqueous Dietary fibre Antifreeze Mix gel), a novel material with tactility and dissection sensation similar to human soft tissue [2]. Synthetic chamois leather was used to represent skin. The resulting model allowed locating the safe triangle using anatomical landmarks, blunt dissection of muscles, pleural puncturing and advancement and suturing of the chest tube. The model cost less than £130, and it could be repaired after over 20 uses with less than £15. Verbal consent on study participation was obtained from all participants who performed chest drain insertion on the model and evaluated its fidelity and educational value using an anonymized Likert scale questionnaire. All questionnaire responses were converted to numerical values for data quantification, as shown in Median and range of questionnaire responses collected from study participants Sixteen senior clinicians with multiple experience on chest drain insertion and 11 junior clinicians with limited experience took part in the study. Anatomical and haptic fidelity of the model was evaluated very highly amongst experienced clinicians. Junior doctors stated increased confidence in performing the procedure, overall assessing the model as an appropriate learning tool. Twenty participants with previous training experience compared the quality of this model to other commercial or animal-based models, and 18 rated this model to be of the same or superior quality. This chest cavity model is suitable for simulation training of chest drain insertion. Importantly, the model excluded the use of animals under the principle of replacing, refining and reducing animal use in research [3]. Further training opportunities that utilize this model can increase clinician competence in the procedure, which can improve clinical practice and reduce patient mortality. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.