Previous Speakers Research Articles

Distinguishing From or Integrating Into—What Is the Relationship Between International Environmental Law and Public International Law?

I would like to begin my comments by addressing the theme regarding the nature of IEL. The idea of being distinct stands in contrast to the integration of IEL into general public international law. Is there a tension between having distinct characteristics and integrating fully into public international law that might lend more credibility to the field held among more traditionally minded international lawyers? Moreover, being a distinct area may be a disservice for an area of law with an overarching objective of integrating its subject matter (environment) into economic decision making. My question would be whether such distinctiveness, as mentioned by the previous speakers, undermines the credibility of international environmental law as perceived by public international lawyers by merely differentiating itself. As any good student of public international law would begin their analysis, I will briefly comment on the sources of IEL. This serves as a backdrop inferring a public international law perspective which arguably distorts the analysis of IEL. A number of the customary international law principles in IEL consist of a series of principles that are amorphous and difficult to operationalize and enforce, to say nothing about the challenge in demonstrating the existence of opinio juris. Yet such principles yield real outcomes that show their legitimacy. For instance, the principle of common-but-differentiated responsibility, of which there is no treaty-based hard-law obligation, has led to significant transfers of technology and finances to developing countries. The notion of sustainable development has engendered novel regulatory approaches such as the use of market based instruments. Professor Brunne also has remarked how the concept of common concern has engendered multilateral action and unique institutional structures to support such action. In some way, MEAs with their sophisticated decision-making machinery offer a fluid response to the shared problems among states. The proliferation of MEAs has enriched the corpus of IEL. Moreover, the Agreements have developed innovative regimes and sophisticated responses to environmental problems. But has this led to the disaggregation of the commonalities in MEAs, reduced the potential for MEA synergies, and contributed to the ensuing difficulty of international environmental law specialists to remain experts in their field? In looking at the opinion of jurists, since the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dispute representing the fulsome application of public international law principles and concepts to a predominantly environmental dispute, a number of nonenvironmental tribunals grappling with international environmental legal questions have surfaced. Some would argue that emergence of environmental issues in other tribunals may solidify the integration of international environmental law into general public international law. …

Former Olympic Gold Medalist Discusses Battle With Depression

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Association NewsFull AccessFormer Olympic Gold Medalist Discusses Battle With DepressionTara BurkholderTara BurkholderSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:15 Jul 2005https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.14.00400002Greg Louganis shares his story at the American Psychiatric Foundation's“ Conversations” event at APA's 2005 annual meeting. David HathcoxMore than 500 people attended a discussion between Olympic gold medalist Greg Louganis and former APA President Mary Jane England, M.D., at the American Psychiatric Foundation's fourth annual “Conversations” event held at APA's 2005 annual meeting in Atlanta. The two discussed Louganis's history of depression, substance abuse, abusive relationships, and HIV infection.For a long time, Greg Louganis appeared to have it all. At the 1976 Olympic games, when he was 16, he won a silver medal, and at 24 he was the first man in 56 years to win two gold medals in diving by winning both the platform and springboard events. But unbeknown to his worldwide audience, Louganis was suffering from depression.His depression was driven by late-detected dyslexia, prejudice about his dark skin color, and ambivalence about his sexual orientation, he said. Louganis told England that a lot of his success came from a desperate place. He felt that to be worthy of love, he had to win. Louganis said that when he won the silver medal, instead of feeling pride, he felt disappointment. Without the gold medal, he felt as though he had failed.Louganis's coping mechanisms included staying busy and getting plenty of exercise. In a follow-up interview with the APA News Network, he said,“ I had my dance, acrobatics, gymnastics, and diving to keep me physically active, which I think helped in basically my survival.”He learned that he was HIV-positive in 1988 as he prepared for the Olympic games in Seoul. For years, he did not talk about it out of fear that it would cost him his diving career. Eventually, he went public with his HIV status and began touring the country to share his life experiences.Today Louganis spends much of his time speaking to youth groups, drug and alcohol rehabilitation groups, and organizations that help people with dyslexia. His autobiography, Breaking the Surface, was first published in 1995 and spent five weeks at the top of the New York Times bestseller list.“Conversations” is supported by a grant from AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. The foundation launched the series at the 2002 annual meeting in Philadelphia to provide an opportunity for psychiatrists to hear from people whose lives are touched every day by mental illness. The event is conducted as an interactive interview to allow for freer conversation between the featured guest and an interviewer. Previous speakers included Tipper Gore, Carrie Fischer, and George Stephanopolous. ▪Tara Burkholder is the American Psychiatric Foundation's marketing communications manager. ISSUES NewArchived

Plato's dialectic at play: argument, structure, and myth in the Symposium

Contents Introduction 1. Apollodorus's Prologue: An Imitation of an Imitation 1.1 Historical Frame 1.2 Apollodorus and Mimetic Narrative 1.3 Force of Hybris 1.4 Malakos versus Manikos: Soft or Mad? 1.5 Anachronisms? 2. Aristodemus's Prologue: Destruction and Transformation of the Factual Frame of Reference 2.1 Story 2.2 Sufficiency and Beauty: Emerging Criteria for Judgment 2.3 Spatial Order? 2.4 Mimetic versus Hubristic: Destruction of the Factual Narrative 2.5 Sophistic Education in the Context of Other Dialogues: Protagoras, Phaedo, Republic 2.6 Between Religious Observance and the Cycle of Opposites 2.7 The Father of the 3. Order of the Speeches: Formulating the Problem 3.1 Eros 3.2 Encomium 3.3 Problem of the Significance of the Early Speeches 4. From Character to Speech: Early Speeches and Their Significance 4.1 Phaedrus: Ardent Apprentice, but Confused Mythologue 4.2 Pausanias: Sophistic Sociologue 4.3 Hiccups and Eryximachus, the Homogenic Doctor-Scientist 4.4 Aristophanes: Poet as Educator 4.4.1 Aristophanes' Speech and Socrates' Criticism of Mimetic Art in the Republic 4.4.2 Possibility of Anachronism and Plato's Vanishing Signature 4.4.3 Aristophanes' Speech as a Parody of Philosophical Dialectic 4.4.4 Aristophanes' Speech and Individual Identity 4.4.5 Aristophanes' Hiccups Revisited 4.5 Agathon: Sophistic Theologue as the Climax of an Unselfcritical Tradition 4.5.1 Advance over the Previous Speakers? 4.5.2 Agathon as Theologue Without Need 4.5.3 Shadow of the Good: Agathon's Portrait in the Context of the Republic 4.6 Conclusion 5. Diotima-Socrates: Mythical Thought in the Making 5.1 Introduction: Problem 5.2 Elenchus of Agathon and the Question of Truth 5.3 Role of Diotima 5.4 Eros-Daimon 5.5 Diotima and the Art of Mythmaking Revisited: Birth of Eros 5.6 Relation or Substance? 5.7 Rhetoric and Dialectic 5.8 Criticism of Aristophanes and Agathon 5.9 Curious Case of Procreation in the Beautiful 5.10 Concluding Sections of the Lesser Mysteries 5.11 Preliminary Conclusion 6. Greater Mysteries and the Structure of the Symposium So Far 6.1 Movement of Ascent: Structure 6.2 Movement of Ascent and the Earlier Speeches 6.3 Immortality and God-Belovedness 6.4 Overall Conclusion 6.4.1 Platonic Love: View So Far 7. Alcibiades and the Conclusion of the Symposium: Test and Trial of Praise 7.1 Figure of Dionysus and the Face of Socrates 7.2 Role of Alcibiades 7.3 Test of Praise 7.4 Trial of Praise 7.5 Eros, the Tyrant, and His Revelers 7.6 Identity and Diversity: Uniqueness of Socrates 7.7 Logoi Opened Up: An Image for the Symposium? 7.8 Concluding Scenes: Rest and the Self-Motion of Thought-Socrates Standing Seeking 8. Conclusion: Plato's Dialectic at Play 8.1 Character, Voice, and Genre 8.2 Bakhtin and the Dialogical Character of Novelistic Discourse 8.3 Symposium as the First Novel of Its Kind in History 8.4 Plato's Dialectic at Play: Art, Reason, and Understanding 8.5 Plato's Positive View of Art 8.6 Structure, Myth, and Argument 8.7 Soul-Body and Human Identity 8.8 Platonic Love and Plato Select Bibliography Index

Reminiscence of a teacher and a researcher

The names of previous after-dinner speakers at this conference read like a Who is Who of Quantum Optics and Photonics research. When the organizers of this conference asked me to present an after-dinner talk I felt honored by the invitation, but also humbled by joining such a distinguished company. This fact gives me a “Leitmotiv” for my present talk, because being humbled by, and feeling inferior to, all the brilliant minds one encounters in one's career is a necessary occurrence, which most of the younger listeners in this audience have either experienced or will experience. I have witnessed these feelings as advisor to students at MIT. Many of them fear that everything worth doing has already been done. There is a simple answer to this. Do not get discouraged, work harder and you will also make a respectable contribution to science or engineering.

Evaluation of efficient security for BGP route announcements using parallel simulation

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) determines how Internet traffic is routed throughout the entire world; malicious behavior by one or more BGP speakers could create serious security issues. Since the protocol depends on a speaker honestly reporting path information sent by previous speakers and involves a large number of independent speakers, the Secure BGP (S-BGP) approach uses public-key cryptography to ensure that a malicious speaker cannot fabricate this information. However, such public-key cryptography is expensive: S-BGP requires a digital signature operation on each announcement sent to each peer, and a linear (in the length of the path) number of verifications on each receipt. We use simulation of AS models derived from the Internet to evaluate the impact that the processing costs of cryptography have on BGP convergence time. As the size of these models grows, inherent memory requirements grow beyond what is normally available in serial computers, motivating us to use distributed memory cluster computers, just to hold the model state. We find that under heavy load the convergence time using ordinary S-BGP is significantly larger than BGP. We examine the impact of highly aggressive caching and pre-computation optimizations for S-BGP, and find that convergence time is much closer to BGP. However, these optimizations may be unrealistic, and are certainly expensive of memory. We consequently use the structure of BGP processing to design optimizations that reduce cryptographic overhead by amortizing the cost of private-key signatures over many messages. We call this method Signature-Amortization (S-A). We find that S-A provides as good or better convergence times as the highly optimized S-BGP, but without the cost and complications of caching and pre-computation. These experiments––whose memory demands easily exceed 10Gb––are made possible using parallel simulation. They show that it is is possible therefore to minimize the impact route validation has on convergence, by being careful with signatures, rather than consumptive of memory.

Second stories: the salience of interpersonal communication for mutual help in Alcoholics Anonymous

Second stories are stories told in a series in which later stories are designed to achieve a recognizable similarity with the first (or previous) story. This article explores therapeutic uses of second stories in meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). AA meetings are organized around a series of lengthy personal monologues. Overall, a second story is a procedure to display the speaker's analysis and understanding of the first story. In AA, second stories gain therapeutic relevance. They are the method that members use to display alignment and identification with previous speakers. Further, they are not only a procedure to engage in reciprocal revelations of personal problems, but also a means to transvaluate experiences. Systematically, second stories focus on problems related in the first stories, and then recontextualize and reinterpret these problems to provide resolutions. Thus, in mutual help second stories are a resource for empowerment.

Issues in the use of acoustic cues for auditory scene analysis

Issues concerning auditory scene analysis (ASA) raised by the previous speakers will be discussed: (1) Disorders of ASA in humans can tell us about the weighting of cues in ASA. (2) The apparent weakness of spatial cues for ASA may simply show that they interact strongly with other ASA cues (c.f., recent research in the author’s lab). (3) The power of harmonic relations among partials as a grouping cue is not guaranteed, but depends on many other factors. (4) Abstract models of ASA may require the peripheral auditory system to carry out analyses that are questionable, based on current psychophysical and physiological findings. Is this where psychologists and computational ASA (CASA) modelers part company? (5) The ‘‘old-plus-new heuristic,’’ one of the most potent ASA mechanisms, is neglected by existing CASA models. (6) The different roles of bottom-up and top-down processes (e.g., in ‘‘exclusive allocation’’ of sensory evidence) should be reflected in models. (7) Should the output of a CASA system be the reconstructed signal of a single source, as a front end to a recognition system, or should grouping mechanisms merely form an interacting part of a larger system that outputs a higher-level description (e.g., a series of words)?

The Right to Development: Sir Arthur Lewis Memorial Lecture

Previous speakers in this series addressed the celebrated contribution of Sir Arthur Lewis to intellectual and public life in the Caribbean: as scholar, teacher, administrator, and role model to a remarkably creative generation of West Indian economists. In his inaugural address, Rex Nettleford, reminded us that this eminent economist and Nobel Laureate was, in the final analysis, a great educator and guru to his people both in the Caribbean and the Third World who perceived their future and any hope of redemption to rest firmly on the exercise of their intellect and their imagination. I thank the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank for the opportunity to join Norman Girvan, Alistair McIntyre, and Lloyd Best in paying my respects to the memory of Sir Arthur Lewis-illustrious son of the Caribbean, public intellectual and development economist supreme.

75 years evolution in our climate research

Dear organizers, ladies and gentlemen, I am very pleased to be here today to commemorate an outstanding Norwegian scientist, and one of the great events in Norwegian research history. The previous speakers have given us interesting views of the Maud expedition, which was concluded 75 years ago, and of Harald Ulrik Sverdrup’s scientific influence as one of the founders of modern oceanography.

The search for new materials

I am delighted to be here, alive and participating in this symposium. I am very grateful to Paul Chu, Mac Beasley, Massimo Marezio and the organizing committee for conceiving of a symposium that provides opportunities to dwell on high risk, lively, and sometimes rewarding adventures that follow from searching for new materials. I thank the previous speakers tonight for giving such nice examples of the diverse and challenging new science that can emerge. The title of the symposium in the context used here should be taken as a shorthand way of meaning searching for new, likely unexpected properties in the materials that may or may not have newly synthesized. This definition captures the essence of the endeavor.

Deposition & Court - Quotes That Altered The Engineering Case

Previous Speakers At Nafe Seminars Have Discussed Matters Regarding Testimony At Depositions And Court, How To Approach Various Types Of Questions, And Above All To Be Unbiased In Our Opinions Even If The Opinions Are Of Limited Or Negative Value To Our Clients. However, We Have Rarely Referred To The Importance At The Reading Of Depositions, Which In Simple Terms Is Just The Reading Of A Transcript. However, In The Reading Of A Transcript It Is Easy To Overlook A Short Statement Or A Simple Question That Is Only Asked Once And May Occupy Only A Few Lines In A Transcript. This Paper Will Deal With Quotations From Several Depositions And A Cross Examination In Court Where The Full Facts Of A Case Were Not Revealed To The Expert.

Roundtable discussion: Cephalosporins in the 1990s and beyond

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Changing the transition - the Canadian experience

Ms Banner suggested that her role after the previous two lively and controversial presentations was to calm everyone down and present an alternative that delegates might quietly contemplate. She introduced herself as the executive director of the Canadian resident matching service, an organization that sits in the middle of all the medical education organizations in Canada and which in a way acts as an archive to the kind of changes that have been going on for the last 5-7 years. Much of what the two previous speakers discussed are the reasons why Canada is where it is today, and why it has taken the steps that it did. This paper describes the context of the transition from student to practising doctor in Canada, the pressures for change in this pre-registration period, the impact change has had on medical education and continuing challenges.

The 34th Rovenstine Lecture. 40 years behind the mask: safety revisited.

The 34th Rovenstine Lecture. 40 years behind the mask: safety revisited.

The Internationalization of International Arbitration: Looking Ahead to the Next Ten Years

### 1. Conjectures, Predictions, Hopes and Prescriptions In discoursing upon the internationalization of international arbitration in the next decade one is forced to oscillate among conjectures, predictions, hopes and prescriptions. This would be the case in any context but particularly so at a conference whose avowed aim is to explore the ways in which we can ‘make international arbitration respond to a changing world and changing commercial techniques’ and at which the aspiration is that ‘the seeds of new ideas for the future be sown’. In the field of international arbitration we know so little but have such pleasant and inspired dreams. No small amount of discipline therefore is required to maintain a rigorous distinction among conjectures, predictions, hopes and prescriptions. Accidental transgressions of this rule may, nevertheless, occur in the following. ### 2. The Past and the Future The past is always a guide to the future in the sense that we never start with a clean slate. In international arbitration, tomorrow is likely to be much like today. Nevertheless, many things can happen in ten years, particularly in our age. In fact, international arbitration may well be quite different in the year 2003 from what it is now, because the world will have changed. Previous speakers have dealt with the past, including what most people view as a distant past. However, a time span of several hundred years in reality is not so long in terms of numbers of successive generations. Orally communicated reminiscences of historical events are known to be traceable six centuries back. In such a perspective, the great public international law arbitrations over the past 200 years, and especially during the last century, are still a source of inspiration. In them unsurpassed heights were reached in certain ways, such as in the display of pomp and circumstance, dignity and forensic eloquence. On the other hand, incidences of some of …

Aortic and abdominal glomera.

Firstly, like previous speakers, I would like to pay tribute to John and Hazel Coleridge -both to their seminal research work in the field of cardiovascular receptors, and secondly to them personally. I have known John and Hazel for some 30 years and, over this time, despite the trans-Atlantic gulf between us, we have managed to keep in touch. On more than one occasion, I made visits to work with them in New York and San Francisco -from which our joint publications date. I would like to talk very briefly about some of the work we did together on the thoracic arterial chemoreceptors, the so-called “aortic bodies”, by way of introduction to some studies that I carried out subsequently on my own on the “abdominal paraganglia” -putative abdominal chemoreceptors -using the same investigative approach.

Research Priority Dynamics in Weed Science

For this presentation we would like to discuss some history of weeds and their control, the evolution of weed science, the development of herbicides and the changing dynamics of weed science research. As mentioned by previous speakers, weeds cause great loss to almost every crop production enterprise in the United States and around the world. Man has sought to control weeds by various methods including cultural practices, cultivation, hoeing, and with herbicides. Pioneer weed scientists were individuals trained in the areas of physiology, botany, and agronomy. They applied their knowledge and training to the understanding of growth, development, and control of weeds in the late 1800's and early 1900's.

The regulatory process for dental devices: a researcher's view.

Comments from the three previous speakers ranged from moderate satisfaction to strong dissatisfaction with the regulatory process. Three different types of research are identified that seem to predict the ease of compliance with the 510(k) process. No one expressed satisfaction with the PMA application. It seems that current evaluation procedures inhibit the developing and marketing of new devices, but foster only enhancements to existing devices. The development of new evaluation methods is advocated to provide fast, inexpensive, but rigorous assessment of the clinical safety and treatment value of new devices.

Spatial Thinking and Learning Astronomy: The Implicit Visual Grammar of Astronomical Paradigms

As several previous speakers have noted, astronomers are a rare breed. Even though we represent the oldest science, we are as rare as poets. The fact that our discipline is so distinct suggests that it should also have its peculiar pedagogical problems. I have been attempting to understand a pervasive element of all astronomical thinking — the use of spatial imagination to link celestial phenomena to terrestrial analogs. My work has two components — a theoretical explication of astronomical thinking and some practical use of these ideas in teaching situations.If one looks at some of the fundamental “facts” discovered by astronomers, we will find that we often do not, in fact, directly verify our discoveries as scientists supposedly do. Primary astronomical “truths” such as the sphericity of the Earth, the heliocentric orbit of the Earth, the identification of the stars as distant suns, and the recognition that galaxies are enormous collections of stars, were not discovered by direct verification. Thus, we note that the Greeks discovered the Earth’s sphericity nearly two millennia before its circumnavigation and that only a few thousand very bright stars in nearby galaxies have been resolved in our largest telescopes. Some of the primary objects of astronomical discourse, then, are not perceptible objects, but objects created by the spatial imagination.

Organized Veterinary Medicine Representing the Interests of the Bovine Practitioners

The previous speakers at this general session, "Consumer Concerns, Producer Demands, the Veterinarian's Responsibility", have provided you with a comprehensive overview of the generic subject of food safety from the view of drug use in bovines and as it applies to the bovine practitioner. It remains for me to provide you with an overview of organized veterinary medicine's role in providing for the interests of practitioners in this scenario.&#x0D; For purposes of this discussion, organized veterinary medicine is defined to mean the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and all of the constituent and allied organizations which legislatively govern AVMA through actions of its House of Delegates (HoD). The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) delegate to this body is Dr. Bob Keith; alternate delegate is Dr. Harold Amstutz.