Previous Period Research Articles

Assessment of the ecological state of the middle Irtysh based on the development of zooplankton at the present stage

Observations in 2021–2022 showed that the zooplankton community of the Irtysh River was formed by 33 species and two forms from three systematic groups: rotifers — 19, Cladocerans were represented by 12, copepods by 2 species from the order Cyclopoida and 2 species from the orders Harpactiformes and Calaniformes. The planktofauna of the river is represented by species common to water bodies of Western Siberia. The main part of rotifers belonged to typically planktonic eurythermal species. Among the cladocerans, along with planktonic species, there were also phytophilic and benthic forms. Average zooplankton indicators for the growing season of 2021 reached 3646 specimens/m3 in numbers and 70.7 mg/m3 in biomass. In 2022, the quantitative values were slightly lower: 2237 specimens/m3 and 40.4 mg/m3. Asplanchna priodonta Gosse and Mesocyclops leuckarti Claus were dominating species in spring, Bosmina longirostris O.F. Müller in summer, Alona intermedia Sars and Ceriodaphnia affinis Lillijeborg in autumn of both years accordingly. Waters of the Irtysh River is characterized mainly by the values of indicators corresponding to the α-mesosaprobic zone. The saprobity index in spring was 1.5, in summer and autumn — 1.6, which corresponds to moderately polluted waters. In terms of a set of zooplankton indicators, the water of the Irtysh River at the present stage is somewhat different from the previous low-water period in the beginning of this century. Currently, the number of species has increased, the structure of the community has changed, in which the dominance of branchous crustaceans has been noted, the biomass has significantly increased and the saprobity index has decreased, that is, the purity of water has increased. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of zooplankton, as well as the level of saprobity, are more consistent with the period of the second half of the last century.

Association between magnesium, erythropoietin resistance and mortality: the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS).

Limited data are now available to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium level, anemia and mortality in the dialysis population. Using data from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS) phases 5 and 6, we analyzed the association between serum magnesium (s-Mg) levels and the erythropoiesis-stimulating agents resistance index (ERI) as the primary outcome. To estimate the longitudinal relationship, a mixed-effect model was used with ERI at each 4-month period as the dependent variable and quintiles of s-Mg at the previous 4-month period as the independent variable. We also examined incidence of infectious events, and the all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths as secondary outcomes by Cox regression with quintiles of s-Mg at baseline. Of the 4776 participants in J-DOPPS, 1650 were included in the analysis. The median of s-Mg at baseline was 2.5 mg/dL. A significant linear association of s-Mg with ERI (P for trend <.001) was revealed. Low and high s-Mg levels were not associated with the clinical outcomes of interest, except for the highest quintile of s-Mg being significantly associated with lower incidence of all-cause mortality and CVD-related deaths compared with the middle (reference) quintile. We observed that lower s-Mg levels subsequently induced higher ERI and that mild higher s-Mg levels were possibly associated with good rather than poor outcomes in Japanese hemodialysis patients. Adjustment of s-Mg levels may be proposed as a new strategy at a low cost and risk to reduce the risk of premature mortality.

Exploration of the Reform of Applied Linguistics Course Under the “Internet+” Platform and the BOPPPS Model

The teaching of linguistics courses in traditional teaching mode brings students problems such as cognitive burden, insufficient learning motivation, and lack of understanding of the course setting. According to the established problems and students’ learning situation, we analyze the students’ learning situation, select an experimental control class among the classes of the same grade and the same major studying the course, and carry out the course teaching reform by combining the characteristics of the applied linguistics course. The experimental class that adopts the BOPPPS model in teaching design relies on the “Internet+” Bodoudou platform to assist in teaching quizzes and carry out classroom teaching reform. The control class adopts the traditional teaching mode. At the same time, in the final results and pre- and post-questionnaire surveys, it was found that after adopting the BOPPPS model of teaching, students have made greater progress in absorbing and applying knowledge than in the previous period. The use of BOPPPS model teaching improves the absorption and mastery of knowledge, and the cultivation of learning habits is better than that of traditional teaching.

Perceptions and Challenges of Undergraduate EFL Students’ towards Audiobooks and Textbooks on the Xreading Website

Based on PISA literacy test in 2022, Indonesia gains rank 70 which 5 points higher than previous period in 2018. However, it still needs more efforts to maximize the level of students’ literacy in Indonesia. The use of X-reading as the web-based book technology becomes the alternative tools to improve EFL undergraduate students’ literacy level. This research aims to explore the undergraduate students’ perception and challenge in using audiobook and textbook, that are provided by Xreading website during extensive reading activity. This research is conducted to EFL undergraduate students through qualitative method and purposive sampling technique. Three undergraduate students in Surabaya are involved by using descriptive qualitative method. The use of audiobook and textbook in Xreading website have some positive and negative impacts for students in developing their literacy competence. Audiobook is able to improve the students’ listening skill and understand the unfamiliar vocabularies. However, it has some weaknesses such as it needs strong internet data and connection and cannot control the audio speed. The textbook gives the students experience as reading the physical book and the grammatical understanding. Nevertheless, textbook is more time consuming especially for students who have the lower reading skill. Hopefully, this research will be developed into the low level of education not only in undergraduate level, but also in the secondary school and this website expanded into the intensive reading.

AGRICULTURE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION – RESULTS OF ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Agriculture represents the “cause” and the “victim” of climate change. Almost 30 percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from the agricultural sector. They contribute to global warming and therefore significantly affect the sustainability of agricultural production systems. The aim of the paper is to determine which factors have the greatest influence on the greenhouse gas emission from agriculture. For this purpose, a dynamic panel analysis for 26 members of the European Union in the period from 2013 to 2021 in the paper is conducted. The results of the analysis suggest that the capacity for biofuel production, organic agricultural production and greenhouse gas emissions from the previous period have the greatest impact on the same emissions from agriculture. The results of this research can serve policy makers in formulating strategies for the development of food systems that will pollute the environment to a lesser extent and use available resources more rationally.

Depression in the Perinatal Period: Course and Outcome of Depression in the Period from the Last Trimester of Pregnancy to One Year after Delivery in Primiparous Mothers.

Background and Objectives: One of the most significant psychiatric problems in women is depression related to the perinatal period. Our study aims to determine the frequency and course of depressive symptomatology in the perinatal period with particular reference to objective rate and outcome of postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-eight pregnant/postnatal women were included in a prospective, longitudinal, observational study during which the depressive symptomatology was estimated at the third trimester of pregnancy, and the first, sixth, and twelfth month' postpartum. All participants completed a semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire constructed for research purposes, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and The Mood Disorder Questionnaire at each time point. Postpartum depression diagnosis was confirmed by a trained and certified psychiatrist with long-standing experience. For a better understanding of the trajectory of depressive symptomatology and genuine postpartum depression, we classified depression into those with new-onset and those left over from the previous observation period. Results: In general, 48.9% of participants in the study were depressed at some point during the investigation. A total of 10.6% of women were depressed in the third trimester. The highest percentage of new-onset depression (25%) was in the first month after giving birth and was maintained for up to six months, after which the appearance was sporadic. Most of the postpartum depression resolved in the period from the first month to the sixth month after childbirth (20.7%). The episodes mainly had characteristics of unipolar depression. Conclusions: Our results imply that a new onset of depression is most intensive during the first six months, and after that, it is sporadic. Further studies are needed to explore whether all depressive symptomatology in the postnatal period is the same, or perhaps postpartum depression, classified in this way, has specific characteristics, etiology, and consequently different treatment and preventive options.

Perbedaan Manajemen Laba Untuk Menghindari Penurunan Laba Berdasarkan Tipe Direktur Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Profit is one of the indicators used to assess company management performance. Management tends to carry out earnings management when there is a decline in profits compared to the previous period. This study analyzes earnings management to avoid decreasing profits based on director type (professional-director and owner-director) in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 - 2022. This research uses secondary data, namely financial statements and annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sample in this study was 541 companies. The samples were analyzed using two earnings management measurements, namely accrual management (discretionary accruals adjusted for performance) and real activities management (abnormal operating cash flow). The sample was divided into two groups based on director type to analyze earnings management to avoid decreasing profits for each group. The results show that all directors types carry out earnings management. Companies managed by owner-directors tend to manage discretionary accruals to avoid profits decline. Meanwhile, companies led by professional-directors tend to manage earnings by performing real activities management.

The impact of green bond issuance on carbon emission intensity and path analysis.

Reducing carbon emission intensity is crucial for achieving sustainable development. Carbon emission intensity is expressively affected by the issuance of green bonds. Thus, it is imperative to assess the influence of green bond issuance on carbon emissions and examine their correlation. Such research holds great potential to expedite the overhaul and modernization of businesses and to construct a circular economy system. This paper uses the spatial Durbin model to draw empirical conclusions by using data from 26 provinces in China between 2016 and 2021. Firstly, under different spatial matrices, it has been analyzed that an increase of 1% in the issuance of green bonds leads to a reduction of 0.306% or 0.331% in carbon emission intensity. It shows that green bonds have the potential to substantially reduce carbon intensity. Additionally, the intensity of emissions in the current period is driven by the intensity of emissions in the previous period. Secondly, the analysis of mediated transmission suggests that green bonds can ultimately reduce carbon emission intensity by changing the energy consumption structure or improving the efficiency of green technology innovation. Thirdly, the analysis of heterogeneity shows that the inhibitory effect of green bond issuance on carbon emissions is stronger in less economically developed regions than in economically developed regions. There is a significant inhibitory effect of green bond issuance in neighboring provinces on local carbon emission intensity. This effect is present only in provinces in less economically developed regions and not in economically developed regions.

Trends in drug overdose deaths in Mexico (1999–2019). A national descriptive analysis and interstate comparison

BackgroundWe assess trends in overdose mortality rates in Mexico from 1999 to 2019 and identify the states with the highest overdose mortality rates over time. MethodsThe analysis using mortality statistics examined deaths related to drug use. We estimated general overdose mortality rates at the national and state levels and calculated specific mortality rates associated with opioid and stimulant use using central rate estimation. We used joinpoint regression to analyse national and state-specific trends in overdose mortality from 1999 to 2019. FindingsNationally, the general overdose mortality rate increased annually by 10.49 % (p < 0.01, CI=11.4–18.9) from 2015 to 2019. The northern states of Baja California and Chihuahua were the states with the higher annual increases (18.6 %, p < 0.01, CI=4.2–29.6; and 15.6 %, p < 0.01, CI=12.9–19.7, respectively). By substance type, the national opioid-related mortality rate increased by 29.82 % per year from 2014 to 2019 (p < 0.01; CI=20.1–40.3), compared with an annual decrease of 11.43 % in the previous period (2005–2014) (p < 0.01; CI=-14.7- 8.0). Baja California was the state with the highest rise in opioid-related mortality from 2013 to 2019, with an annual increase of 15.84 % (p < 0.01; CI=1.4–32.3). Stimulant-related mortality increased by 21.79 % per year since 2013 (p < 0.01; CI=16.9–26.9), but it was not possible to calculate state-level trends. ConclusionsDrug-related mortality rates have increased in Mexico since 2015, particularly in the northern states of Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora and Sinaloa. Improving harm reduction programmes and local surveillance of fatal and non-fatal overdoses is essential to address the silent escalation of overdose mortality.

Reducing extrauterine growth restriction in very preterm neonates: A before-after intervention study.

Focus on preterm nutrition strategies is imperative. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a clinically relevant, but seemingly elusive consequence, often used to benchmark and compare outcomes. This before-after observational study was designed to study the effect of a multipronged updated "nutrition care bundle" in very preterm infants on rate of EUGR compared with a cohort from a previous period. Eligible participants were neonates born at <32 weeks' gestation who completed care in the unit; a retrospective group from a previous period and a prospective cohort after implementation of the bundle were included. The bundle constituted of three key areas: (1) aggressive parenteral nutrition with high-dose amino acids and lipids from day 1, (2) "rapid-escalation" enteral feed regimens including earlier introduction of human milk fortifier (at 40-ml/kg/day feeds), and (3) colostrum mouth paint and structured oromotor stimulation to promote oral feeding. EUGR was defined as a z score difference of >-1 in weight for postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge and at birth. Data of 116 infants were retrieved for the retrospective group; 103 infants were included in the prospective group. EUGR was reduced from 71% to 58% (P = 0.039) after implementation of the bundle. Infants in the prospective group achieved full oral feeds at earlier PMA (P < 0.001) and were discharged at earlier PMA (P = 0.002). The proportion of neonates with EUGR was reduced significantly after implementation of the revised nutrition care bundle. Achievement of full oral feeds and discharge readiness were earlier in the prospective group.

Distribution of the causes of fever of unknown origin in China, 2013-2022.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has long been a cause for concern among clinicians, and its spectrum has evolved with progress in medicine. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of causes of FUO in China between 2013 and 2022 to facilitate the clinical understanding of the etiology of FUO. Case series of FUO in China published between 2013 and 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Wanfang Data, and CNKI databases and retrospectively analyzed. The rates of different causes of FUO were calculated, and these data were compared with previously published distributions of causes of FUO in China. The causes of FUO with the highest rates from the 51 identified case series (n = 19,874) were infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases (59.6%, 14.3%, and 7.9%, respectively). A comparison of a subset (43 case series subdivided by disease category, n = 16,278) with previously reported data revealed an increased rate of FUO attributed to infectious diseases in the past decade, with a significantly higher rate attributed to bloodstream infections (10.0% vs. 4.8%) and a significantly lower rate attributed to tuberculosis (9.3% vs. 28.4%), compared with the rates from the previous period. In contrast, the rates of FUO attributed to both autoimmune and neoplastic diseases decreased, with significantly decreased rates attributed to adult-onset Still's disease among autoimmune diseases (4.6% vs. 8.5%) and lung cancer among neoplastic diseases (0.6% vs. 1.6%). Despite an overall increase in the rate attributed to infectious diseases, that attributed to tuberculosis has decreased. The rates attributed to both autoimmune and neoplastic diseases have also decreased.

Strategies for involving patients and the public in scaling initiatives in health and social services: A scoping review.

Scaling in health and social services (HSS) aims to increase the intended impact of proven effective interventions. Patient and public involvement (PPI) is critical for ensuring that scaling beneficiaries' interests are served. We aimed to identify PPI strategies and their characteristics in the science and practice of scaling in HSS. In this scoping review, we included any scaling initiative in HSS that used PPI strategies and reported PPI methods and outcomes. We searched electronic databases (e.g., Medline) from inception to 5 February 2024, and grey literature (e.g., Google). Paired reviewers independently selected and extracted eligible reports. A narrative synthesis was performed and we used the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews and the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2). We included 110 unique reports out of 24,579 records. In the past 5 years, the evidence on PPI in scaling has increased faster than in any previous period. We found 236 mutually nonexclusive PPI strategies among 120 scaling initiatives. Twenty-four initiatives did not target a specific country; but most of those that did so (n = 96) occurred in higher-income countries (n = 51). Community-based primary health care was the most frequent level of care (n = 103). Mostly, patients and the public were involved throughout all scaling phases (n = 46) and throughout the continuum of collaboration (n = 45); the most frequently reported ethical lens regarding the rationale for PPI was consequentialist-utilitarian (n = 96). Few papers reported PPI recruitment processes (n = 31) or incentives used (n = 18). PPI strategies occurred mostly in direct care (n = 88). Patient and public education was the PPI strategy most reported (n = 31), followed by population consultations (n = 30). PPI in scaling is increasing in HSS. Further investigation is needed to better document the PPI experience in scaling and ensure that it occurs in a meaningful and equitable way. Two patients were involved in this review. They shared decisions on review questions, data collection instruments, protocol design, and findings dissemination. Open Science Framework on 19 August 2020 (https://osf.io/zqpx7/).

Evaluation of the ODISEA APP for improving a STEMI regional network

BackgroundThe use of technological innovations in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care networks has been shown to be effective in improving information flow and coordination, and thus reducing the time to reperfusion. We developed a smartphone application called ODISEA to improve our STEMI care network and evaluated the results of its use. MethodQuasi-experimental study that compared the outcomes of STEMI suspected patients with an alert and indication for transfer to a cath lab during a previous period and a period in which the ODISEA APP was used. The main objective was to examine differences in reperfusion time and the proportion of patients with a final diagnosis other than acute coronary syndrome. ResultsA total of 699 patients were included (415 before and 284 during the ODISEA-APP period). No differences were observed in patient characteristics, infarct type, or acute complications. We observed a reduction in the time from diagnostic ECG to wire crossing with the use of the ODISEA APP (117 vs 102 min, p < 0.001) and a reduction in the percentage of patients with a final diagnosis other than acute coronary syndrome (17.1% vs 9.5%, p = 0.004). ConclusionsThe use of the ODISEA APP in the management of patients with suspected STEMI may be useful for reducing the time from diagnostic ECG to wire crossing and the percentage of patients with a final diagnosis other than acute coronary syndrome.

COVID-19 pandemic and the consumption of self-care products for pediculosis capitis in Portugal: an interrupted time-series analysis

This study aims to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of self-care products for pediculosis capitis management, in Portugal. A segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series (March 2020) was performed from January 2017 to August 2023 to analyze the short- and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of pediculicides and related products. Monthly rates of absolute consumption were estimated by community pharmacies’ dispensing records. Portuguese municipalities were organized into quintiles according to their purchasing power index and percentage of youth, to study the association of these social and demographic variables on the sale of these products. COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the sales of products indicated for pediculosis. Since the start of the pandemic, an absolute decrease of 21.0 thousand packages was observed in the monthly average consumption (p < 0.0001) compared to the pre-pandemic period. After this reduction, the average monthly trend increased in the pandemic period in comparison with the previous period, although not significant (267.0 packages per month, p = 0.1102). Regions with higher disposable income and more young people were associated with higher sales of these products. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a notable impact on the sales of self-care products for pediculosis capitis in Portugal, in the short term. The lockdowns and other isolation measures implemented to control the spread of the virus may have led to a decrease in the number of head lice cases, consequently resulting in a reduction in sales of products.

Overview of the support of geothermal energy investments in the programming period 2014-2020 in Hungary

Geothermal energy has great potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the energy sector, thus contributing to the realization of EU targets and, of course, those ones set for Hungary. The country has excellent geological and geographical conditions, well known due to the existing databases as well as the know-how to guarantee a high-level utilization of this renewable energy source. Still, only a small part of the estimated potential is utilized and the previous programming period, 2014-2020 did not change this situation significantly. On one hand, the poor planning of the Széchenyi 2020 Programme, on the other hand, the lack of risk management measures, discourage investors and provide a competitive advantage for other renewable energy systems over geothermal, especially for biomass. The present paper pro- vides a comprehensive overview of the EU co-financed support of geothermal energy in the period 2014-2020, identifying relevant calls and successful projects. A questionnaire survey among successful applicants is the other pillar of the article. The critical analysis and recom- mendations of the development policy may contribute to a more efficient support of geother- mal energy in the following programming period(s).

Buryatia Scientific Book Publishing in 2017–2021

The purpose of the article is to consider the state of scientific book publishing in Buryatia in 2017– 2021 for to determine the basic directions of its development when compared with the previous period, characteristics of specious diversity presented in the scientific book publishing’ repertoire and to expose basic publishing houses engaged in the release.The work contains a historiographical analysis of publications devoted to the studied problem on the example of Siberia and the Far East, including the national republics of the region: Tyva, Sakha (Yakutia), Buryatia. Statistical data on the release of various types of documents related to scientific publications (monographs, collections of scientific papers, conference materials, abstracts and abstracts of dissertations) are presented. They reflect the dynamics of books issuing by publishing houses of higher educational institutions of the republic, including the D. Banzarov Buryat State University, the East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, the V.R. Filippov Buryat State Agricultural Academy, the East Siberian Institute of Culture, the publishing house of the Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS, other state and commercial publishing organizations of the republic (“Belig”, “NovaPrint”, “IP Balzhinimaev AB”). The author notes that publishing houses of universities and scientific organizations annually demonstrate high rates of scientific publications. Their publishing repertoire includes various types of works, most of which are monographs, conference materials and dissertation abstracts.At the same time, collections of scientific papers are practically not represented in the documentary stream of publications, and abstracts are completely absent. The peak of scientific publications was in 2018, when 102 publications came out of print. In the subsequent period, we state a decrease in the number of books published.

PIF transcriptional regulators are required for rhythmic stomatal movements

Stomata govern the gaseous exchange between the leaf and the external atmosphere, and their function is essential for photosynthesis and the global carbon and oxygen cycles. Rhythmic stomata movements in daily dark/light cycles prevent water loss at night and allow CO2 uptake during the day. How the actors involved are transcriptionally regulated and how this might contribute to rhythmicity is largely unknown. Here, we show that morning stomata opening depends on the previous night period. The transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) accumulate at the end of the night and directly induce the guard cell-specific K+ channel KAT1. Remarkably, PIFs and KAT1 are required for blue light-induced stomata opening. Together, our data establish a molecular framework for daily rhythmic stomatal movements under well-watered conditions, whereby PIFs are required for accumulation of KAT1 at night, which upon activation by blue light in the morning leads to the K+ intake driving stomata opening.

The Social Determinants of Health Industry: Two Years On.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) have been insufficiently addressed by payers and providers despite increased prioritization at the national level. This led to the development of a separate, for-profit "SDOH industry" found to have a valuation of $18.5 billion (all dollar amounts in U.S. dollars) with $2.4 billion in funding as of July 2021. The purpose of this article is to determine the growth of the industry from 2021 to 2023 and provide a multifaceted explanation for this development. The authors conducted an analysis of 57 SDOH industry companies using a third-party market research platform. Over the previous two-year period, 10 out of 57 (18%) companies were acquired, and the industry gained an additional $1.1 billion (46% increase) in funding and $13.7 billion (74% increase) in valuation. The authors propose four contributing factors to explain the nature of this industry's evolution. They include developments in national health care policy favoring SDOH, standardization of SDOH information as actionable claims data, multi-source investment in SDOH, and improved methods of industry intervention measurement. These trends appear likely to continue, requiring additional scrutiny by all relevant stakeholders to ensure maximum improvement of rampant SDOH disparities that impact millions of individuals daily.

The dilemmas of Russian diplomacy in the context of fundamental geopolitical changes

The strategic goals formulated in the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2023, pose complex and non-standard tasks for our diplomacy, the achievement of which requires a deep understanding of the essence of the ongoing geopolitical changes, as well as a critical understanding of the previous period of our foreign policy. The dynamics of international processes are very high, and the transatlantic community, despite the weakening of its dominance, is making incredible efforts to maintain its positions. In fact, Russia and the countries of the world majority are carrying out a peace enforcement operation, limiting the West's ability to unleash a global military conflagration.

Response of vegetation phenology to climate factors in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

Abstract Exploring the impact of climate factors on vegetation phenology is crucial to understanding climate–vegetation interactions as well as carbon and water cycles in ecosystems in the context of climate change. In this article, we extracted the vegetation phenology data from 2002 to 2021 based on the dynamic threshold method in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Trend and correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between vegetation phenology and temperature, precipitation and their spatial evolution characteristics. The results showed that: (i) From 2002 to 2021, the multi-year average start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS) and length of growing season (LOS) for plants were concentrated in May, October and 4–6 months, with a trend of 4.9 days (earlier), 1.5 days (later), 6.3 days/10 a (longer), respectively. (ii) For every 100 m increase in elevation, SOS, EOS and LOS were correspondingly delayed by 1.8 days, advanced by 0.8 days and shortened by 2.6 days, respectively. (iii) The impacts of temperature and precipitation on vegetation phenology varied at different stages of vegetation growth. Influencing factors of spring phenology experienced a shift from temperature to precipitation, while autumn phenology experienced precipitation followed by temperature. (iv) The climate factors in the previous period significantly affected the vegetation phenology in the study area and the spatial variability was obvious. Specifically, the temperature in April significantly affected the spring phenology and precipitation in August widely affected the autumn phenology.