Previous Literature Research Articles

RAGAM METODE PENYULUHAN PEMBANGUNAN MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PELAKU AGRIBISNIS PADA POKLAHSAR BATUANG SRIKANDI NUSANTARA

Development in all sectors continues to be encouraged, including in the agribusiness sector. One of the efforts to develop the agribusiness sector is through development extension in community empowerment which aims to realize the independence of agribusiness actors. There are many types of development outreach methods, especially in community empowerment efforts. Mardikanto in his book entitled "Agricultural Development Extension" states that there are 13 types of development extension methods. In this research, the thirteen types of extension methods will be analyzed regarding development outreach carried out by the NGO Human Initiative West Sumatra on the empowerment of agribusiness actors by Poklahsar Batuang Srikandi Nusantara in Bungus Teluk Kabung District, Padang City. This research was conducted through deep interviews with key informants. This research was analyzed qualitatively by comparing previous literature. The research results show that there are 10 types of extension methods applied by the West Sumarera NGO Human Initiative, including: key individual method; correspondence; anjangkarya-anjangsana; demonstration; meeting; public meeting; exhibition; film; print media; and campaigns. Meanwhile, the kelompencapir method, performances and radio cassettes have not been implemented. The various methods used in community empowerment must also be adapted to the beneficiary community. So that the goal of development extension in empowering the community to realize independence can be achieved

Weakly restoring forces and shallow water waves with dynamical analysis of periodic singular solitons structures to the nonlinear Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-modified equal width equation

In this study, the nonlinear two-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-modified equal width (KP-MEW) equation is under investigation, which is described as a nonlinear wave model in weakly restoring forces and shallow water waves in the way of ferromagnetic, solitary waves in two dimensions with short amplitude and long wavelength and are also helpful in the investigation of various behaviors in nonlinear sciences. We successfully found the interesting and novel solitary wave results in bright solitons, kink solitons, dark solitons, anti-kink solitons, periodic singular solitons for nonlinear two-dimensional KP-MEW equation on the base of extension of simple equation technique under symbolic computational software Mathematica. The created solitons play an important role in nonlinear engineering and physics such as nonlinear optics, nonlinear dynamics, soliton wave theory, optical fiber and communication system. We are sure that these constructed results are novel and interesting which does not exist in the previous literature works. The graphical representation of constructed results is shown by 2D, 3D and contour graphs. The investigated research work proved that utilized technique is more concise, straightaway and efficient for study of other nonlinear partial differential equations.

Differential cognitive correlates in processing symbolic and situational mathematics

AbstractSymbolic and situational mathematics are the two major representations of mathematical knowledge. Although previous literature has studied the relationship between the two from the perspective of teaching practice, learning effectiveness and behavioural performance, there is still a lack of empirical psychological research on cognitive mechanisms to explore the psychological processes of the two. The current study investigated the relationship between symbolic and situational mathematics by determining the differences in cognitive correlates between the two in fourth‐grade children. Their symbolic and situational mathematics abilities were assessed using symbolic and situational enumeration tests under the same conditions. Several types of general cognitive abilities, language processing and academic achievements were also examined. Results showed that both situational and symbolic mathematics are crucial for mathematical achievement. Arithmetic computation is closely correlated with symbolic mathematics, whereas spatial processing and inductive reasoning ability are uniquely correlated with situational mathematics. The results suggest that situational and symbolic mathematics have separate cognitive correlates, which means the two are distinct in terms of psychological processing.

Free vibrations of functionally graded porous hanging and standing cantilever beams

The free oscillations of a functionally graded (FG) porous vertical cantilever beam in the frame work of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is investigated. The beam is subjected to the gravity-load and the properties of the FG material such as the modulus of elasticity and the density are supposed to change through the thickness of the beam according to power-law relations. The equation of motion is derived using Newton’s second law. The Numerical Chebyshev collocation method is utilized to determine the transverse frequencies of the FG porous hanging and standing cantilever Euler–Bernoulli beams. A parametric study is conducted to determine the effects of various factors such as the transverse functionally graded index, the porosity factor, and the elastic and the mass density ratios on the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the FG porous vertical hanging and standing cantilever thin beams under their self-weight. The accuracy of the proposed numerical method is evaluated through comparisons of the frequencies obtained from the present approach with those available in previous literature. In general, it was observed that the elastic ratio has a softening impact on the frequencies except for the fundamental frequency which remains constant as the elastic ratio increases. Moreover, the porosity parameter and the power-law index may have a softening or hardening impact on the frequencies, and the behavior of these frequencies depends on the values of the elastic and the mass density ratios.

Biochemical characterization of the NTPDases family and thrombosis

This paper provides insight into the key role of the Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) family in thrombosis and its therapeutic potential. Thrombosis is an important mechanism to prevent bleeding, but its abnormal formation can lead to serious health problems such as myocardial infarction and stroke. This paper employs the method of literature analysis, obtaining materials through the investigation of previous literature, thereby conducting a literature review on the biochemical characteristics of some members of the NTPDase family. This paper begins with a description of the basic mechanisms of thrombosis and the biochemical characterization of the NTPDase family, including the structure, function, and specific substrate specificity of its members. The NTPDase enzymes regulate platelet activation by hydrolyzing extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), thereby preventing excessive thrombosis. The article describes in detail the catalytic roles of the NTPDase family members, their relationship to platelets and thrombosis, and discusses their role in regulating platelet function and blood coagulation. Finally, the article identifies NTPDase family members as promising targets for the treatment of thrombosis and explores the possibility of utilizing these enzymes in the clinical prevention and treatment of thrombosis-related diseases, highlighting their therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory vascular diseases.

The Factors Affecting Poverty in Malaysia: Macroeconomic Perspectives

The poverty issue is important because it is the first goal of the SDG in Malaysia. Since income level is not a reliable indication of poverty because it does not consider someone to be living in poverty if their income is below the poverty line. Based on previous literature, the researcher recognises the deficiency. Due to a lack of data and studies from earlier studies and literature reviews in Malaysia, it is still unclear how inflation, unemployment, and economic growth are affected by poverty. Therefore, this paper provides the conceptual review on how the macroeconomic factors affect the poverty incidence in Malaysia. However, the study examines the association between poverty which inflation, unemployment and economic growth using multiple regression estimators. Results show that inflation, unemployment and economic growth has a positive significant relationship with poverty incidence in Malaysia.

STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF VANADIUM DOPED DELAFOSSITE CUGAO2: AN AB INITIO STUDY

Delafossite copper gallium oxide (CuGaO2) is one of the most important copper-based delafossite materials reported. It has variety of applications that include but are not limited to; photo catalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells. However, due to the wide band gap of this material, it appears very attractive as transparent conductive oxide (TCO). Thus, it is very important and applicable in optoelectronic device technologies. In this paper, the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of vanadium (V) doped delafossite CuGaO2 are investigated using first principle study based on density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the QUANTUM ESPRESSO simulation package. We used Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation (GGA) exchange-correlation scheme for the undoped and vanadium (V) doped structures. There is no structural transition after the doping. The results indicated that the V doping reduced the band gap of the undoped delafossite CuGaO2 by 0.8 eV. It also contributed more to the conduction band states. However, our results also revealed that the 50 % V doping induced significant changes to the magnetic properties of the undoped CuGaO2. It was found that the undoped CuGaO2 is slightly paramagnetic similar to the same group member CuAlO2, whereas the V doped CuGaO2 system is slightly ferromagnetic. This result is in agreement with previous literature concerning the effect of doping semiconductor material with magnetic metals. Thus, based on our results, V doped CuGaO2 material may be considered as an important candidate for spintronics and other related applications.

Strangers’ property

Abstract Why are impartial institutions such as formalized property rights so important for the emergence of impersonal trade? Previous literature has stressed the role of such institutions in providing third-party enforcement to shield strangers from locals’ opportunism. We document the existence of a second mechanism based on the role of formalized property rights in inducing respect for the property of strangers, regardless of enforcement. Ten years after the randomized introduction of formal property rights across rural Benin, we conducted a taking-dictator-game experiment in which participants could appropriate the endowment of an anonymous stranger from a different village. Even if enforcement institutions are absent and peer effects are silenced by design, participants from villages where the reform was implemented took significantly less than those in control villages. We further give consideration to several possible transmission channels and discuss their plausibility (JEL: D02, D91, K11, K42).

Consumers confused 'Where to dispose biodegradable plastics?': A study of three waste streams.

Biodegradable plastics, either fossil- or biobased, are often promoted due to their biodegradability and acclaimed environmental friendliness. However, as demonstrated by previous literature, considerable confusion exists about the appropriate source separation and waste management of these plastics. Present study investigated this confusion based on manual sorting analyses of waste sampled from packaging waste (P), biowaste (B) and residual waste (R) in an urban area of Austria. The results were evaluated relative to near-infrared sensor-based sorting trials conducted in a German urban area. Although existing literature has focused on waste composition analyses (mostly in stand-alone studies) of the three waste streams, the present study focused on identifying the specific types of biodegradable plastic items found in each of these streams. Supermarket carrier bags (P = 90, B = 14, R = 33) and dustbin bags (P = 2, B = 46, R = 6) were found in all three waste streams in the Austrian urban area. Similarly, in the German urban area dustbin bags (P = 1, B = 106, R = 3) were the common items. The results indicate that certain bioplastic items were present in more than one bin; thus, hinting that consumers are not necessarily aware of how-to source-separate the biodegradable plastics. This suggests that neither consumers nor current waste management systems are fully 'adapted' to bioplastics, and the management of these plastics' waste is currently not optimal.

Self-supervised learning for Formosan speech representation and linguistic phylogeny

Formosan languages, spoken by the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, have unique roles in the reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian Languages. This paper presents a real-world Formosan language speech dataset, including 144 h of news footage for 16 Formosan languages, and uses self-supervised models to obtain and analyze their speech representations. Among the news footage, 13 h of the validated speech data of Formosan languages are selected, and a language classifier, based on XLSR-53, is trained to classify the 16 Formosan languages with an accuracy of 86%. We extracted and analyzed the speech vector representations learned from the model and compared them with 152 manually coded linguistic typological features. The comparison shows that the speech vectors reflect Formosan languages' phonological and morphological aspects. Furthermore, the speech vectors and linguistic features are used to construct a linguistic phylogeny, and the resulting genealogical grouping corresponds with previous literature. These results suggest that we can investigate the current real-world language usages through the speech model, and the dataset opens a window to look into the Formosan languages in vivo.

The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in United Arab Emirates

Aims Our study aims to provide an enhanced comprehension of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) burden in United Arab Emirates (UAE), over a five-year period from payer and societal perspective. Materials and methods A Markov model was established to simulate the economic consequences of SLE among UAE population. It included four health states: i) the three phenotypes of SLE, representing mild, moderate, and severe states, and ii) death. Clinical parameters were retrieved from previous literature and validated using the Delphi panel—the most common clinical practice within the Emirati healthcare system. We calculated the disease management, transient events, and indirect costs by macro costing. One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results The estimated number of SLE patients in our study was 13,359. The number of SLE patients with mild, moderate, and severe phenotypes was 3,914, 8,109, and 1,336, respectively. Disease management costs, including treatment of each phenotype and disease follow-up, were AED 2 billion ($0.89 billion), whereas the costs of transient events (infections, flares, and consequences of SLE-related organ damage) were AED 1 billion ($0.44 billion). The productivity loss costs among adult-employed patients with SLE in the UAE were estimated at AED 7 billion ($3.1 billion). The total SLE cost over five years from payer and societal perspectives is estimated at AED 3 ($1.3 billion) and 10 billion ($4.4 billion), respectively. Additionally, the costs per patient per year from the payer and societal perspectives were AED 45,960 ($20,610) and AED 148,468 ($66,578), respectively. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the burden of SLE in the UAE is enormous, mainly because of the costly complications and productivity loss. More awareness should be created to limit the progression of SLE and reduce the occurrence of flares, necessitating further economic evaluations of novel treatments that could help reduce the economic consequences of SLE in the UAE.

Process control of chemical dynamic system based on multi-strategy mayfly optimization algorithm

Dynamic optimization problems exist widely in chemical industry, and its operational variables change with the evolution of both space and time. Therefore, dynamic optimization problems have important research significance and challenges. To solve this problem, a multi-strategy mayfly optimization algorithm (MMOA) combined with control variable parameterization method(CVP) is proposed in this paper. MMOA introduces three improvements on the basis of the original algorithm, namely, circle chaos crossover strategy, center wandering strategy and boundary correction strategy. The hybrid strategy can better balance the exploration and exploitation ability of the algorithm. Based on MATLAB simulation environment, MMOA was evaluated. The experimental results show that MMOA has excellent performance in solving precision, convergence speed and stability for the benchmark function. For the six classical chemical dynamic optimization problems, MMOA obtained the performance indexes of 0.61071, 0.4776, 0.57486, 0.73768, 0.11861 and 0.13307, respectively. Compared with the data in the previous literature, MMOA can obtain more accurate control trajectory and better performance indicators. It provides an effective way to solve the dynamic optimization problem.

Factors Affecting Propensity to Lift-Share for Children’s Activities

Research Problem: Families with children travel by car more frequently than any other household type and hence significantly contribute to transport externalities. Lift-sharing is a potential time-effective and convenient means of mitigating these effects. Whilst some research has been conducted on lift-sharing for the school run, there is little research beyond this context, particularly around lift-sharing for children’s activities (e.g., sport). Study Aim: Consequently, the aim of this study was to assess the current prevalence of lift-sharing (for children’s activities and other types of trips) in families with young children, the factors influencing its uptake, the experiences and attitudes of regular lift-sharers, and whether previous literature findings on reciprocity applied in this context to gain a deeper understanding of how and why families participate in activity lift-sharing. Research Design: A mixed-methods approach was applied, comprising (1) a travel survey of 474 families to establish socio-demographic and activity factors that influence lift-share prevalence for activity trips; and (2) 15 semi-structured interviews with parents to further explore how and why families participate in activity lift-sharing. Results: Factors influencing lift-sharing decisions for activity travel were number of cars owned, number of seats in the car, settlement type, income, time of day and location of the activity, number of children attending, parking availability, whether the activity is a sporting activity or not, and number of close friends of the child at the same activity. Salient motivating factors triggering lift-sharing included intentions to reduce chauffeuring and parents wanting their children to socialise. Trust was an initial imperative component of lift-share formation, and attitudes towards reciprocity supported previous literature findings relating to the variability of acceptable reciprocation and the role of fairness.

First-in-man trial of β3-adrenoceptor agonist treatment in chronic heart failure - impact on diastolic function.

Diastolic dysfunction (DD) in heart failure (HF) is associated with increased myocardial cytosolic calcium, and calcium-efflux via the sodium-calcium-exchanger depends on the sodium gradient. Beta-3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) agonists lower cytosolic sodium and have reversed organ congestion. Accordingly, β3-AR agonists might improve diastolic function, which we aimed to assess. In a first-in-man, randomized, double-blinded trial, we assigned 70 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), NYHA II-III, and LVEF<40% to receive the β3-AR agonist mirabegron (300 mg/day) or placebo for six months, in addition to recommended HF therapy. We performed echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and measured N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at baseline and follow-up. DD was graded per multiple renowned algorithms. Baseline and follow-up data were available in 57 patients (59±11 years, 88% male, 49% ischemic heart disease). No clinically significant changes in diastolic measurements were found within or between groups by echocardiography (E/e' placebo: 13±7 to 13±5, p=0.21 vs mirabegron: 12±6 to 13±8, p=0.74, between group follow-up difference 0.2 [95% CI -3 to 4], p=0.89), or CCT (left atrial volume index: between group follow-up difference 9 ml/m2 [95% CI -3 to 19], p=0.15). DD gradings did not change within or between groups following two algorithms (p=0.72, p=0.75). NT-proBNP remained unchanged in both groups (p=0.74, p=0.64). In patients with HFrEF, no changes were identified in diastolic measurements, gradings or biomarker after β3-AR stimulation compared to placebo. The findings add to previous literature questioning the role of impaired Na+-Ca2+ mediated calcium-export as a major culprit in DD. NCT01876433.

The Moderating Effect of Ideological Identification on How Economic News and Economic Growth Impact Individual Economic Perceptions: Evidence From Chile

Previous literature argues that macroeconomic conditions and economic news impact socio-tropic assessments. Others find that ideological identification or ideological affinity with the government impact socio-tropic economic views. Here, we test the moderating effect of ideological identification on how economic growth and economic news shape economic perceptions. We test this hypothesis using a dataset that combines monthly polls in Chile (2014–2018), economic news, and economic growth indicators. We find that ideological affinity with the government intensifies the positive impact of good macroeconomic indicators on current and prospective perceptions and, surprisingly, induces more positive current perceptions when negative economic news increases. In turn, ideological affinity with the government is associated with a slightly negative impact of good macroeconomic indicators on current (but not prospective) economic perceptions and a negative impact of negative economic news on current and prospective perceptions. Ideology moderates the effect of macroeconomic indicators and economic news on economic perceptions.

Impact of single and combined local air pollution mitigation measures in an urban environment

Urban air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems for human health and several strategies have been developed for its mitigation. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of single and combined mitigation measures on concentrations of air pollutants emitted by traffic at pedestrian level in the same urban environment. The effectiveness of different scenarios of green infrastructure (GI), the implementation of photocatalytic materials and traffic low emission zones (LEZ) are investigated, as well as several combinations of LEZ and GI. A wide set of scenarios is simulated through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling for two different wind directions (perpendicular (0°) and 45° wind directions). Wind flow for the BASE scenario without any measure implemented was previously evaluated using wind-tunnel measurements. Air pollutant concentrations for this scenario are compared with the results obtained from the different mitigation scenarios. Reduction of traffic emissions through LEZ is found to be the most effective single measure to improve local air quality. However, GI enhances the effects of LEZ, which makes the combination of LEZ + GI a very effective measure. The effectiveness of this combination depends on the GI layout, the intensity of emission reduction in the LEZ and the traffic diversion in streets surrounding the LEZ. These findings, in line with previous literature, suggest that the implementation of GI may increase air pollutant concentrations at pedestrian level for some cases. However, this study highlights that this negative effect on air quality can turn into positive when used in combination with reductions of local traffic emissions.

Quality issues of implied volatilities of index and stock options in the OptionMetrics IvyDB database

AbstractFor stock and index options in the United States, OptionMetrics records prices at 3:59 p.m., not 4:00 p.m. as assumed in previous literature. The resulting 1‐min time discrepancy with closing share prices creates artificial variability in implied volatility spreads and strongly affects market‐wide spreads. It leads to particularly large distortions at the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. For index options in Europe, OptionMetrics data show large deviations from put‐call parity even though the original option prices match the parity exactly. Finally, the implied volatilities of stock options in Europe show clusters of exceptional deviations due to incorrect dividend information.

A Molecular Modeling Study into Brønsted and Lewis Acid Catalyzed Conversion of CBD into Other Cannabinoids

A Molecular Modeling Study into Brønsted and Lewis Acid Catalyzed Conversion of CBD into Other Cannabinoids

Research on environmental aspects of retention/release of pollutants in soils and sorbents. What should be next?

Although studies dealing with adsorption/desorption (and/or retention/release) of pollutants present in environmental compartments is a classical field of research, recent papers are focusing on some weak points of investigations and publications within the area. In addition, an increasing number of works are being published related to new possibilities and alternatives in this kind of research works, many of them in relation to the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Considering the existence of eventual controversies, eventual mistakes, and the convenience of suggesting alternatives to go ahead in the future, in this work, after taking into account some relevant publications in the previous literature, a simple workflow is proposed as a kind of protocol to revise successive steps that could guide the direction to follow when programing research dealing with the retention/release of pollutants in soils and sorbent materials.

The Interplay of Human, Organizational, Environmental, and Technological Factors in Business Intelligence Adoption: a Systematic Literature Review

Purpose: The objective of this research is to identify the most common factors in the literature influencing Business Intelligence Adoption (BIA) and present the main approaches, analysis methods and frameworks with model recently used in the study of BIA. Theoretical framework: Business intelligence (BI) has become a significant subject of study for both practitioners and researchers, due to its capabilities to apply data analytics and produce key information to support business decision-making. The literature indicates that most organizations have not succeeded in fully leveraging the benefits of BI, Furthermore, there is a limited availability of studies that investigate the human aspect. We also notice the absence of a relevant review of previous literature on the methods and approaches to analyse the BIA context, as well as the determination of adoption factors with a particular emphasis on human axis. The review aims to identify the most common factors in the literature for Business Intelligence Adoption (BIA) and present the main approaches, analysis methods and frameworks with model recently used in the study of BIA. Methods: This study adopts a systematic literature review by selecting and analysing 32 relevant studies published between 2012 and 2022 from two reputable databases, Science Direct and Web of Science. Content analysis was employed to scrutinize the selected article and identify the factors and characteristics that influence the adoption of Business Intelligence. Findings: The research unveiled over seventy TOE factors and twenty-four distinct human factors relevant to Business Intelligence Adoption. These findings help elucidate the multifaceted nature of BIA and the key elements that drive its adoption. Practical implications: This study enhances the existing body of knowledge by providing a thorough analysis of methodologies and approaches used in BIA research, while also advancing the understanding of adoption factors, especially those related to the human dimension. Originality/Value: The originality lies in its emphasis on the main approaches, analysis methods, and recently used models in the study of BIA. Furthermore, it enhances the field's originality and value by categorizing adoption factors within the TOE framework and giving special attention to human factors.