Previous Literature Research Articles

Should Obtaining Informed Consent Be Considered an Entrustable Professional Activity? Insights From Whether and How Attendings Entrust Surgical Trainees.

Because residents are frequently delegated the task of obtaining consent early in their training, the American Association of Medical Colleges describes "obtaining informed consent" as a core entrustable professional activity (EPA) for medical school graduates. However, prior studies demonstrated that residents frequently perform this task without receiving formal instruction or assessment of competency. This study sought to understand how attending physicians decide to delegate obtaining informed consent for surgical procedures to trainees. The authors conducted a survey of attending surgeons at a university-based health care system of 6 affiliated teaching hospitals (October-December 2020) to collect data about current entrustment practices and attendings' knowledge, experience, and attitudes surrounding the informed consent process. Summary statistics and bivariate analyses were applied. Eighty-five attending surgeons participated (response rate, 49.4%) from diverse specialties, practice types, and years in practice. Fifty-eight of 85 (68.2%) stated they "never" granted responsibility for the consent conversation to a trainee, and 74/81 (91.4%) reported they typically repeated their own consent conversation whenever a trainee already obtained consent. The most common reasons they retained responsibility for consent were ethical duty (69/82, 84.1%) and the patient relationship (65/82, 79.3%), while less than half (40/82, 48.8%) described concerns about trainee competency. Reflecting on hypothetical clinical scenarios, increased resident competency did not correspond with increased entrustment ( P = .27-.62). Nearly all respondents (83/85, 97.7%) believed residents should receive formal training; however, only 41/85 (48.2%) felt additional training and assessment of residents might change their current entrustment practices. Attendings view informed consent as an ethical and professional obligation that typically cannot be entrusted to trainees. This practice is discordant with previous literature studying residents' perspectives. Furthermore, resident competency does not play a predominant role in this decision, calling into question whether informed consent can be considered an EPA.

Which social accountability competencies make a good physician? A qualitative investigation of the patient perspective on social accountability

Objective Social accountability is an emerging theme in health care education. In previous literature, the perspectives of patients regarding the competencies that they think are required for physicians to demonstrate in this domain are scarce. This study aims to get insight into the competencies in the domain of social accountability that, according to patients, should be demonstrated by physicians. Methods Online semi-structured interviews with 18 patients in the Netherlands were conducted as part of an exploratory qualitative study. Snowballing and convenience sampling techniques were used to recruit participants. The grounded theory method was used to qualitatively analyze the interviews. Results and conclusion Patients identified five competencies of a physician in the domain of social accountability: (1) Taking patient’s characteristics into account and tailoring care to the individual patient, (2) Taking the broader community into account, (3) Balancing between care for the individual patient versus concern for society, (4) Providing guidance to patients in the navigation within the health system, and (5) Taking climate impact into account. Patients stated that the importance of these competencies are dependent on the specialism. Practice implications The formulated competencies can be used to better align medical education focussing on social accountability to the expectations of patients.

The effect of social media communication on intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: A relationship mediated by perceptions of vaccine efficacy and safety

ABSTRACT Although previous literature has found significant effects of social media communication (SMC) on intention to vaccinate, the effect of the sources of SMC has not been explored. To fill this gap, this study investigates a) the effects of official sources and user-generated SMC on intention to vaccinate against COVID-19, and b) the mediating effects of perceived vaccine efficacy, safety, and risk perception on the relationship between SMC and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Online survey data (n = 428) was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results revealed that official sources SMC is positively associated with vaccine intention while user-generated SMC had no significant association. Mediation analysis revealed a partial mediation effect of perceived vaccine efficacy and safety in the relationship between official source SMC and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19, while a full mediation effect of perceived vaccine efficacy and safety was found between user-generated SMC and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. The mediating effect of perceived risk was not found.

Perceived functions and importance of digital media use and adolescent depression and suicidal ideation.

Although social media (SM) use is nearly ubiquitous among adolescents, there is a lack of clarity concerning the relationship between SM use and mental health outcomes like depression and suicidal ideation (SI), which increase during adolescence. Much of the previous literature has focused on the frequency of SM use; however, the current study examined the relationship between the perceived importance of three types of interactions and functions of SM use and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. A sample of 4057 adolescents (M age = 14.6; 47.0% girls; 69.0% Non-Hispanic/Latine White) were recruited via an online survey manager between February and March 2019. Participants completed the Adolescent Digital Technology Interactions and Importance (ADTI) Scale, which assessed the perceived importance of bridging online and offline experiences (bridging), going outside one's identity or offline experience (identity), and facilitating social connections (social). Participants also completed measures of depressive symptoms and SI and a self-report measure of SM use. A series of path analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between bridging, identity, social, and depressive symptoms and SI. After accounting for covariates (gender identity, racial identity, age, and SM use), bridging was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas identity was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Bridging and social connection were negatively associated with SI, whereas identity was positively associated with SI. Gender moderated these relationships; however, racial identity did not. The results highlight the importance of understanding adolescent SM use beyond screen time in relation to depression and SI.

Prevalence and Prognostic Factors Associated with Early Recovery of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients.

The prevalence of smell dysfunction, along with its risk factors, has been evaluated in previous literature; however, little has been established regarding its relation to other factors such as disease severity, history of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, and medical treatment for COVID-19 infection. These factors may impact the overall recovery of olfaction in COVID-19 patients. This study investigated the prevalence of early olfactory recovery from COVID-19 infection and its associated factors. This study was a prospective cohort study on 348 COVID-19 patients with a new onset of anosmia or hyposmia. Smell sensation scores on the olfactory self-assessment test were collected at baseline and every week until 6 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was the prevalence of early olfactory recovery. The secondary outcomes were analyzing factors associated with early olfactory recovery and the median time to complete recovery of smell loss. The prevalence of early olfactory recovery was 63.1% (95% CI: 0.58-0.68), and significant associated factors in multivariate analysis included patients without allergic rhinitis (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.12-4.40, P = 0.023) and no alteration of taste perception (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.57, P = 0.042). The median time to complete recovery from smell loss was 2 weeks. The present study found that the prevalence of early olfactory recovery within 2 weeks was 63.1%. The median time to olfactory recovery was also 2 weeks. Patients without allergic rhinitis and taste alteration had a significantly better chance of early recovery of olfactory function.

Self Supervised Progressive Network for High Performance Video Object Segmentation.

Recently, self-supervised video object segmentation (VOS) has attracted much interest. However, most proxy tasks are proposed to train only a single backbone, which relies on a point-to-point correspondence strategy to propagate masks through a video sequence. Due to its simple pipeline, the performance of the single backbone paradigm is still unsatisfactory. Instead of following the previous literature, we propose our self-supervised progressive network (SSPNet) which consists of a memory retrieval module (MRM) and collaborative refinement module (CRM). The MRM can perform point-to-point correspondence and produce a propagated coarse mask for a query frame through self-supervised pixel-level and frame-level similarity learning. The CRM, which is trained via cycle consistency region tracking, aggregates the reference & query information and learns the collaborative relationship among them implicitly to refine the coarse mask. Furthermore, to learn semantic knowledge from unlabeled data, we also design two novel mask-generation strategies to provide the training data with meaningful semantic information for the CRM. Extensive experiments conducted on DAVIS-17, YouTube- VOS and SegTrack v2 demonstrate that our method surpasses the state-of-the-art self-supervised methods and narrows the gap with the fully supervised methods.

Human resource business partner role in respect to internal corporate social responsibility: The case of banking sector

BACKGROUND: For last decade, human resource (HR) function has had to move from its traditional operational, administrative role towards a more strategic role. In the light of transformation and drawing upon business partnering concept (the most well-known Ulrich model), a new formal position of an HR business partner, who acts as an HR subject-matter expert for the leaders of that particular business, has been established in some organisations. Although previous literature suggests the involvement of human resource management (HRM) in the development and implementation of socially responsible business activities, there is a lack of evidence on HR professionals’ role regarding internal corporate social responsibility (CSR), which implies behaviour towards employees. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the role of an HR business partner while developing and implementing internal CSR activities. METHODS: Qualitative research; semi-structured interviews with employees working as HR business partners in the banking sector were conducted. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant HR business partner role in addressing internal CSR, in terms of work-life balance (WLB), diversity and inclusion, learning and development, and psychological and physical well-being. CONCLUSIONS: The research results expand the knowledge on the link between HRM and internal CSR. Moreover, the findings have significant implications encouraging organisations to empower HR professionals to act within the internal CSR field.

Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini Review

The association between Visual Impairment (VI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains an important research topic among children suffering from developmental delays and disabilities. The objective of this mini review was to evaluate previous literature on prevalence and etiology of visual impairment, frequency of visual impairment and types of refractive errors associated with autism in children. Previous researches on ASD found that the visual impairment is one of the major factors in autistic children. Hence measurement of vision screening in autism disorder is necessary for better explanation of the problem. The etiologies of visual impairment in autistic children were associated with refractive error and strabismus. Identification of refractive error in ASD children and providing them suitable corrective lenses may improve their visual functions and help in their daily activities. With these findings in mind, there is an urgent need to investigate further in this area and developed more detailed research. The findings would help optometrist, ophthalmologist in understanding types of visual impairment in autism school children.

Fourier-Based Vibration Model of Electrical Machines Considering Nonideal Orthogonality Between Electromagnetic Forces and Structural Modes

This paper proposes a Fourier-based model of vibration synthesis, improving both precision and speed. For the first time, the nonideal orthogonality between electromagnetic (EM) forces and structural modes is theoretically proposed and modelled by spatial harmonics. Different from the discrete vectors used in previous literature, the proposed method achieves a one-dimension (1-D) continuous model of EM forces and modes. On the basis, the vectors of modes and forces on tooth surfaces are decomposed by fast Fourier transform (FFT), so that the vibration response is synthesized based on Fourier coefficients. Further, the proposed model is applied to a 12-slot/10-pole (12s/10p) interior permanent-magnet (IPM) machine. The spatial harmonics of mode vectors are elaborated to identify the key orders of EM forces before the vibration response is completed. Then, the proposed model is compared with the coupled-field finite element analysis (FEA). The advantages are verified in terms of computational accuracy, speed, and sensitivity to mesh quality. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed model is verified by both coupled-field finite element analysis (FEA) and experiment.

Mapping the literature of social network ties in business and management field: A bibliometric study

In recent years, academics have focused increasingly on social network connections across different organisations. Social networking for businesses is a topic that crosses many disciplines, including social sciences, computer science, engineering, management, education, sociology, and psychology, so it's no surprise that definitions, methods, and approaches to social networks are constantly debated. Based on a data set of 3466 publications from the Scopus database, the goal of this study is to map the previous literature on social network ties of organisations to the business and management area. The data set was taken from the Scopus database to investigate the main authors, the number of publications, the most influential journals, the most used keywords and the top productive institutions and countries. The goal of this study is to map the previous literature on the social network ties of organisations to the business and management area. The most influential publications, authors, journals, and keywords are thus identified using four methods of bibliographic analysis, as follows: bibliographic coupling, analysis of co-occurrence of authors' keywords, and analysis of co-authorship (a) countries and (b) authors. According to the study’s findings, the USA is the most prolific country, having over 900 publications in the past five years, followed by China and the UK. The publication trend has increased over the last 5 years in the business and management field and will keep increasing because of the growing interest of researchers and practitioners in the given field. Knowledge-based systems are found to be the top productive journal and Hong Kong Polytechnic University is the most influential institution with the highest number of publications.

Parental education and occupation in relation to childhood type 1 diabetes: nationwide cohort study

BackgroundSocioeconomic status in the risk of developing type 1 diabetes seems inconsistent. We investigated whether risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes differed by parental education or occupation in a nationwide...

Temporal, spectral and amplitude characteristics of the Greek fricative /s/ in hearing-impaired and normal-hearing speech

ABSTRACT Fricatives, and especially sibilants, are very frequently misarticulated by speakers with hearing loss. Misarticulations can result in phonemic contrast weakening or loss, compromising intelligibility. The present study focuses on the examination of acoustic characteristics of the Greek alveolar fricative /s/, an articulatorily demanding sound, produced by young adult speakers with profound hearing impairment and with normal hearing. An array of variables was examined using mixed-effects and random forest models aiming to assess the effectiveness of various measures in differentiating hearing-impaired and normal-hearing /s/ production. Significant differences were found in spectral and amplitude measures, but not in temporal measures. In hearing-impaired speech, spectral slope and RMS amplitude had significantly lower values, indicating a more distributed spectrum, suggestive of decreased flow velocity through the fricative constriction. Also, a trend for concentration of energy at lower frequencies was observed suggesting more posterior fricative articulation than normal. Moreover, measures capturing the variation of frequency and amplitude over time revealed different patterns of sibilance development across time than normal, denoting the production of a less well-formed or less sibilant /s/ by speakers with hearing impairment. The investigation of contextual effects on /s/ in hearing-impaired speech showed increased spectral variance, negative skewness and lower kurtosis in the labial (rounded) context /u/ in relation to the nonlabial contexts /i/ and /a/, indicating a more diffuse, less compact spectrum with concentration at high frequencies. Findings are discussed in relation to previous literature on fricative production by speakers with hearing impairment and normal hearing in Greek and other languages.

Examining perceptions and outcomes of AI versus human course assistant discussions in the online classroom

ABSTRACT As technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and other forms of machine communication become more popular and readily available, the opportunities for use in an online class increase. This replication and extension sought to understand and test the use of AI versus human communication in an online learning space—specifically the learning management system (LMS) discussion board. More specifically, the differences in student perceptions and outcomes between those with a human course assistant and those assigned to an AI course assistant were examined. These perceptions were studied through the presence and absence of the identity heuristic and helper heuristic as outlined in previous literature. The study employed a four-condition randomized quasiexperimental design. Outcomes of interest included credibility, task attraction, social attraction, computer-mediated competence, student communication satisfaction, affect toward instructor, and affect toward taking classes with the instructor. Findings supported previous work regarding importance of helper heuristics and highlighted the preference for a human over AI/machine educational agent.

Design and Control of Ultrasound Image-guided Prostatic Brachytherapy Robot

Background:: With the continuous development of medical robots, they have become a powerful tool for surgery and treatment. A prostate brachytherapy robot is a kind of robot widely used in prostate cancer treatment; its main function is to accurately implant radioactive seeds into prostate tissue to kill cancer cells. Using prostate brachytherapy robots for surgery can reduce damage to surrounding tissue during surgery, thereby reducing the risk of external electrolysis and metastasis of tumor cells. Objective:: This study aimed to design a prostate brachytherapy robot that is more in line with practical usage needs, based on the method of manually performing prostate brachytherapy surgery in clinical practice. Finally, its feasibility has been demonstrated through brachytherapy experiments. Methods:: Firstly, the actual requirements for prostate particle implantation surgery have been analyzed, which has been followed by reviewing previous literature and patents to determine the design scheme of the robot. Finally, SOLIDWORKS software has been used for mechanical design of the robot, and the control system of the robot has been designed based on Arduino. Results:: A robotic arm type prostate particle implantation robot has been successfully designed. We have installed a visual module on the prostate particle implantation robot, which has enabled the robot system to have image transmission monitoring function to assist in the calibration of the puncture position before surgery. Finally, we have employed other sensors to complete the particle implantation experiment, and successfully confirmed its superiority through comparing errors. Conclusion:: This work has analyzed and studied the clinical process of prostate particle implantation surgery, and designed a prostate particle implantation robot, including the mechanical design and control system design of the robot. We have also simulated the scene of prostate particle implantation surgery in the human body through particle implantation experiments, and successfully and accurately implanted radioactive particles to the target. The experimental results have proven the feasibility of the robot. We have made improvements in execution efficiency by using a parallelogram-based robotic arm as the representation of the prostate particle implantation robot and equipped it with a visual module. The visual module collects a video stream of the puncture needle's perspective and provides feedback to the control end to assist in the calibration of the puncture position before surgery, greatly reducing the probability of secondary injury to patients.

The compact multi-planet system GJ 9827 revisited with ESPRESSO

GJ 9827 is a bright, nearby K7V star orbited by two super-Earths and one mini-Neptune on close-in orbits. The system was first discovered using K2 data and then further characterized by other spectroscopic and photometric instruments. Previous literature studies provide several mass measurements for the three planets, however, with large variations and uncertainties. To better constrain the planetary masses, we added high-precision radial velocity measurements from ESPRESSO to published datasets from HARPS, HARPS-N, and HIRES and we performed a Gaussian process analysis combining radial velocity and photometric datasets from K2 and TESS. This method allowed us to model the stellar activity signal and derive precise planetary parameters. We determined planetary masses of Mb = 4.28−0.33+0.35 M⊕, Mc = 1.86−0.39+0.37 M⊕, and Md = 3.02−0.57+0.58 M⊕, and orbital periods of 1.208974 ± 0.000001 days for planet b, 3.648103−0.000010+0.000013 days for planet c, and 6.201812 ± 0.000009 days for planet d. We compared our results to literature values and found that our derived uncertainties for the planetary mass, period, and radial velocity amplitude are smaller than the previously determined uncertainties. We modeled the interior composition of the three planets using the machine-learning-based tool ExoMDN and conclude that GJ 9827 b and c have an Earth-like composition, whereas GJ 9827 d has an hydrogen envelope, which, together with its density, places it in the mini-Neptune regime.

Recent Advances in Piezocatalysts for Dye Degradation

AbstractPiezocatalysis is attracting extensive attention in recent years because it can directly convert mechanical energy from the ambient environment (such as tiny vibrations and noise) into piezopotential for catalytic activities. Dyes are widely used in diverse industries, including paper, printing, and textiles, which cause serious environmental problems due to their persistence and toxicity. Unlike traditional catalysts that rely on chemical reactions to drive dye degradation, piezocatalysts offer a sustainable and cost‐effective alternative to breaking down complex molecules through creating highly reactive species, which have shown a significant promise in the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater. In this review, the basic principles of piezocatalysis are first outlined, specifically describing two ubiquitous forms of driving force in nature. Following the catalytic mechanism, the current mainstream piezocatalytic materials are classified into two categories: organic and inorganic materials with detailed discussions. Moreover, after investigating and analyzing previous literature, effective strategies for improving piezocatalytic efficiency for dye degradation are systematically compared and summarized. In the end, current issues that need to be addressed in the future as well as potential research directions related to piezocatalysis are prospected. This work provides an insight into solving current issues to advance the piezocatalysts.

A Meta-Analysis to Revisit the Property-Aggregation Relationships of Carbon Nanomaterials: Experimental Observations versus Predictions of the DLVO Theory.

Contradicting relationships between physicochemical properties of nanomaterials (e.g., size and ζ-potential) and their aggregation behavior have been constantly reported in previous literature, and such contradictions deviate from the predictions of the classic Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. To resolve such controversies, in this work, we employed a meta-analytic approach to synthesize the data from 46 individual studies reporting the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of two carbon nanomaterials, namely, graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The correlations between CCC and material physicochemical properties (i.e., size, ζ-potential, and surface functionalities) were examined and compared to the theoretical predictions. Results showed that the CCC of electrostatically stabilized carbon nanomaterials increased with decreasing nanomaterial size when their hydrodynamic sizes were smaller than ca. 200 nm. This is qualitatively consistent with the prediction of the DLVO theory but with a smaller threshold size than the predicted 2 μm. Above the threshold size, the material ζ-potential can be correlated to CCC for nanomaterials with moderate/low surface charge, in agreement with the DLVO theory. The correlation was not observed for highly charged nanomaterials because of their underestimated surface potential by the ζ-potential. Furthermore, a correlation between the C/O ratio and CCC was observed, where a lower C/O ratio resulted in a higher CCC. Overall, our findings rationalized the inconsistency between experimental observation and theoretical prediction and provided essential insights into the aggregation behavior of nanomaterials in water, which could facilitate their rational design.

The Implementation of Digital Entrepreneurship Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review

The phenomenon and topic of digital entrepreneurship learning remain popular for analysis in the era of digitization. Previous literature reviews discussed the context and concept of digital entrepreneurship only. This article presents a literature review aimed at facilitating the search for research publications on digital entrepreneurship, in order to understand the track record, learning models, the impact of implementing digital entrepreneurship learning, and future research opportunities. The article has used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method using the Scopus database. This article has used "digital entrepreneurship" keyword for search the resources in January 2014 to May 2023 period. The result of the literature screening process yielded 19 relevant journals. The results of the literature review indicate that research on this topic has shown a significant increase and has the potential to continue to grow. Digital entrepreneurship learning can be designed using experiential learning approaches or the Internet of Things (IoT) and technology approaches. The implementation gives an impact on business opportunities, entrepreneurial intention, innovation, entrepreneurial attitude, and student problem-solving. This study contributes to providing an overview of learning models that can be replicated or modified in future research.
 Highlights:
 
 Growing research on digital entrepreneurship education; impactful learning approaches identified.
 Experiential and IoT-based methods enhance digital entrepreneurship learning outcomes.
 Positive impact on business opportunities, innovation, and entrepreneurial skills observed.
 
 Keywords: Digital Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Learning, Learning Model

Multi-Criteria Analysis of Selection Waste Management Development Strategy for Lubuk Binjai Landfill in Lubuk Linggau City

Environmental sustainability is an urgent priority in dealing with waste management problems in Indonesian cities, one of which is Lubuk Linggau City. In the 2012-2032 Lubuk Linggau City RTRW, waste management standards have been set using the Controlled Landfill or Sanitary Landfill method, but in reality the Lubuk Binjai landfillstill adopts the Open Dumping method. This waste management not in accordance with environmentally sound waste management methods, so it is necessary to develop a waste management strategy for the Binjai Landfill. This research aims to identify priority strategies that can be applied in developing landfill waste management in Lubuk Linggau City using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with key informants who were managers of the Lubuk Binjai waste disposal site. Determination of criteria and sub-criteria based on previous literature studies and determination of alternative strategies based on the Lubuk Linggau City RTRW for 2021-2032. From the results of the analysis, it shows that the prioritized strategy is the Strategy for Improving Waste Management Methods & Technology, with alternatives such as recycling processing, compost, and more sophisticated waste management technology such as controlled burning or anaerobic management. This is appropriate and crucial in overcoming problems at the Lubuk Binjai waste disposal site, that the Open Dumping method is still applied. It is hoped that the implementation of this strategy can bring positive and sustainable changes in waste management in Lubuk Linggau City.

NAVIGATING THE COUNTERTRANSFERENCE EXPERIENCE: A TRANSTHEORETICAL SPECIFIST MODEL

AbstractThe attempt to identify and classify distinct experiences falling under the common designation of countertransference has been labelled the specifist tradition. In this paper, a model describing two dimensions differentiating four components of countertransference experience is proposed. For each experiential component (subjective countertransference, objective countertransference, therapeutic attitude and emerging experience), a brief description based on previous literature from diverse theoretical fields is offered, along with clinical implications and illustrations and an account of empirical literature explicitly or implicitly addressing the specific component. In conclusion, the model is presented as a heuristic guide that can serve different purposes across different therapeutic orientations, with valuable implications for practice, training and supervision.