Previous Edition Research Articles

A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar

A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar

SPECIES OF FUNGI RECOMMENDED FOR INCLUSION IN THE 3rd EDITION OF THE RED DATA BOOK OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC

This article presents the list of fungal species recommended for inclusion in the new edition of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic, and information about changes sincethe previous edition. During 2008-2018, we inventoried the mycobiota and the status of the populations of rare species of fungi in previously unexplored areas and received new data on their distribution, ecological and biological features. Based on the results, we can suggest 65 species for protection: 35 of them should be transferred from the previous Red Data Book edition (2009) with the same status, and the 30 new species of macromycetes are Trichoderma nybergianum, Verpa conica, Microstoma protractum, Bovista paludosa, Echinoderma echinaceum, Entoloma incanum, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla, Cuphophyllus cinerellus, Hygrophorus inocybiformis, Phaeocollybia festiva, Baeospora myriadophylla, Clitocybula lignicola, Crinipellis piceae, Tectella patellaris, Pluteus umbrosus, Leucocortinarius bulbiger, Omphaliaster borealis, Ripartites tricholoma, Boletinus asiaticus, B. spectabilis, Suillus acidus, S. americanus, Geastrum pectinatum, Ramaria fennica, R. karstenii, R. rubella, Polyporus umbellatus, Lactarius alpinus, L. brunneoviolaceus, and L. dryadophilus . Six species ( Pluteus umbrosus, Leucocortinarius bulbiger, Geastrum pectinatum, Polyporus umbellatus, Ramaria fennica, R. karstenii ) are reported for the first time for the region. Four species ( Ganoderma lucidum, Polyporus umbellatus, Sarcosoma globosum, Sparassis crispa ) are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2008). We suggest seven species of fungi to be excluded from the new edition of the Red Data Book. Some of them are common in disturbed sites (Gyromitra infula, Lepista nuda and Phaeolepiota aurea ). Others should be delisted due to a significant number of new findings in recent years (Ptychoverpa bohemica and Tricholomopsis decora ). Two species were misidentified (Macrolepiota procera and Grifola frondosa ) and so should also be excluded from the red list.

Streetlaw – assisting access to justice in the Employment Tribunal: A practice report

<p>If you have not yet read the judgment of Lord Reed in the Supreme Court decision of Unison v The Lord Chancellor, please allow yourself a little time over the coming weeks to enjoy a clear and evidence-based statement on access to justice in the employment tribunals of England and Wales. The case was brought by Unison, the UK public workers union, and challenged the introduction in July 2013 of the requirement to pay a fee to lodge an employment tribunal claim. Having reviewed some of the key common law authorities and quoting from the Magna Carta and Donoghue v Stevenson no less, Lord Reed concluded that the fee regime was unlawful “because it has the effect of preventing access to justice”. This landmark decision in July 2017 brought an immediate end to the fee regime. Time will tell whether the UK Government will attempt another fee scheme in the future, but there are other more pressing issues occupying Whitehall at the moment.</p><p><br />The four-year fee regime and the Unison challenge brought access to justice in employment tribunals very much into the public eye. Other barriers to access were also widely discussed and reported, including the lack of legal aid and legal representation for claimants in employment law matters. A number of law clinics and pro bono schemes operate to give guidance and advice to the public, in addition to the essential work of ACAS (the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service). The purpose of this paper is to share with you my experience of a university student Streetlaw project at the Cardiff Employment Tribunal providing guidance to unrepresented claimants about tribunal practice and procedure.</p><p><br />The concept of Streetlaw is familiar to readers of this Journal as a form of public legal education aimed at helping members of the public to understand their rights. It is also frequently referred to as “legal literacy”, the importance of which Richard Grimes explains in a previous edition of this Journal. The key aim of our Streetlaw project is to educate potential claimants about what to expect in the run up to their employment tribunal hearing and what happens on the day. As I shall explain, however, there are a number of secondary aims and several other beneficial outcomes.</p>

Some Considerations on the WHO Histological Classification of Laryngeal Neoplasms.

A new edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Histological classification of tumours of the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea and parapharyngeal space was published in 2017. We have considered this classification regarding laryngeal neoplasms and discuss the grounds for said revision. Many of the laryngeal neoplasms described in the literature and in the previous WHO edition from 2005 have been omitted from this current revision. Many are described elsewhere in the book but it may give the new generation of pathologists/surgeons/oncologists the false impression that these tumour entities do not exist in the larynx.

Penal Policy and the Complexity of Criminal Law Enforcement: Introducing JILS 4(1) May 2019 Edition

AFTER the previous edition of JILS raised the theme of “Crimes and Society: General Issues on Criminal Law in Indonesia”, in this edition JILS wanted to explore various cases and developments in criminal law enforcement. The complexity of criminal law enforcement in many conditions presents a variety of debates, ranging from legality and non-retroactive principles of law which in certain cases find discrepancies between facts and existing theories. In addition, criminal law which is considered ultimum remedium and has the character of a double-edged sword, on the one hand protects the interests of victims and the public but on the other hand injures the rights of the accused, becomes very complex because of its relation to the protection of human rights. In order to provide the most up-to-date discourse in the development of criminal law enforcement, in this edition we take the theme “Penal Policy and The Development of Criminal Law”. This theme provides a different perspective for readers relating to criminal law policy and formulation of criminal law enforcement. In this edition, we received a large number of articles sent to the editorial desk, therefore it requires considerable time in choosing, reviewing and giving our best feedback and comments to the authors. To highlight the development of criminal law enforcement, this Journal volume is dedicated to discuss several issues related to the penal policy and development of criminal law enforcement.

HUMOR NA ACADEMIA E PESQUISAS SOBRE HUMOR

We started the editorial of the previous edition—the first of the year—with a brief joke and were confronted by some colleagues as if we had committed heresy: “What is this in an editorial?” Well, perhaps it was not a good joke, but the question was great and calls for reflection. Does the academia necessarily need to be bland and colorless? Cannot humor be part of researchers’ lives? Do we need to be stern and monotonous? To me, this view seems to disregard studies that evidence the role of humor in increasing creativity, well-being, and health as well as producing better results in organizations (Mesmer-Magnus, Glew, & Viswesvaran, 2012). Humor is embedded in work processes (Korczynski, 2011) and is a fundamental element in the development of human relationships. Humor facilitates work (Rodrigues & Collinson, 1995), as the seminal article on humor in the area of organizational studies, written by the Brazilian researcher Suzana Braga Rodrigues, states. Humor is important for individuals, organizations, and the society (Duarte & Duarte, 2016). There is even a journal focused exclusively on humor: The European Journal of Humour Research. Reinforcing the positive role of this human trait for work, the articles by Romero and Cruthirds (2006), considering the international context, and Castro Silva and Brito (2014), considering the Brazilian context, show that humor has a positive impact on communication, group cohesion, and leadership. Humor is part of the organizational discourse (Koester, 2010) and workspace (Chefneux, 2015; Vivona, 2014). In summary, the role of humor in sociability at work seems to be fundamental for the proper functioning of organizations.

The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: fifth edition

BackgroundSevere traumatic injury continues to present challenges to healthcare systems around the world, and post-traumatic bleeding remains a leading cause of potentially preventable death among injured patients. Now in its fifth edition, this document aims to provide guidance on the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following traumatic injury and encourages adaptation of the guiding principles described here to individual institutional circumstances and resources.MethodsThe pan-European, multidisciplinary Task Force for Advanced Bleeding Care in Trauma was founded in 2004, and the current author group included representatives of six relevant European professional societies. The group applied a structured, evidence-based consensus approach to address scientific queries that served as the basis for each recommendation and supporting rationale. Expert opinion and current clinical practice were also considered, particularly in areas in which randomised clinical trials have not or cannot be performed. Existing recommendations were re-examined and revised based on scientific evidence that has emerged since the previous edition and observed shifts in clinical practice. New recommendations were formulated to reflect current clinical concerns and areas in which new research data have been generated.ResultsAdvances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of post-traumatic coagulopathy have supported improved management strategies, including evidence that early, individualised goal-directed treatment improves the outcome of severely injured patients. The overall organisation of the current guideline has been designed to reflect the clinical decision-making process along the patient pathway in an approximate temporal sequence. Recommendations are grouped behind the rationale for key decision points, which are patient- or problem-oriented rather than related to specific treatment modalities. While these recommendations provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of major bleeding and coagulopathy, emerging evidence supports the author group’s belief that the greatest outcome improvement can be achieved through education and the establishment of and adherence to local clinical management algorithms.ConclusionsA multidisciplinary approach and adherence to evidence-based guidance are key to improving patient outcomes. If incorporated into local practice, these clinical practice guidelines have the potential to ensure a uniform standard of care across Europe and beyond and better outcomes for the severely bleeding trauma patient.

Keeping secrets: how children in foster care manage stigma

This article follows on from ‘How children in foster care engage with loyalty conflict: presenting a model of processes informing loyalty’ ( Dansey, John and Shbero, 2018 ), published in the previous edition of this journal. This model highlighted the themes of stigma and secrecy for children in care, which it was felt warranted further consideration in their own right. The current article shares further quotations from the children in relation to these themes, which add to the evidence of what children are saying in relation to stigma and bullying. Most importantly, it presents this topic in a manner that stimulates thought around the implications of what children are saying for their broader mental health and resilience and what might therefore be most supportive. Children in foster care are subject to stigma in relation to being in care and not living with their birth parents. The impact of this is important to explore, especially for those who already experience higher levels of disadvantage than other children. Themes of stigma and secrecy emerged from a recent grounded theory study that was conducted with 15 children and young people in foster care ( Dansey, John and Shbero, 2018 ). These quotations highlighted how stigma was being internalised by children, how they had experienced, or believed that their care status would lead to, bullying and how some of them described keeping their foster care status a secret as a result. This article seeks to share the voices of these children, look at the existing literature in this area and consider the possible impact that stigma and secrecy may have on them. Implications for practice are discussed and the need for more targeted research is highlighted.

Analysis of Structural Effects of Time-Dependent Behaviour of Concrete: an Internationally Harmonized Format – Recent Updates

Modern concrete structures, realized through complex sequential construction techniques and/or characterized by significant non-homogeneities, are in general very sensitive to the effects of time-dependent behaviour of concrete (creep and shrinkage). Guidelines for the evaluation of these effects were developed in the last decades by international pre-standard and standard institutions on the basis of a common, although progressively evolving, scientific background, and of a substantially worldwide harmonized format. The author discusses the development, with his large personal involvement, of this favourable scenario, evidencing areas of well established consensus and open problems. One pending problem is still represented by the uncertainties of prediction models, with particular regards to the multi-decade long-term prediction of creep. In what concerns the evaluation of the structural effects of creep, it is commonly accepted that a reliable analysis of the structural response in service conditions may be performed on the basis of the theory of ageing linear viscoelasticity, first established by Italian mathematician V. Volterra at the dawn of 20th century. The paper discusses the computational implications of this approach with reference on the one hand to the adoption of realistic advanced models for the prediction of the creep behaviour of concrete, and, on the other hand, to the complexity and sequential character of the constructions, and illustrates current updated guidelines developed at the international level for the evaluation of the effects of creep, both in the conceptual and preliminary design stages and in the subsequent detailed construction-stage and long-term reliability analyses of complex and sequential structures. These guidelines are intended to deal also with other phenomena, which are responsible of causing deviations from aging linear viscoelasticity, like tensile cracking, cyclic creep, and stress relaxation in prestressing tendons at variable strain, as well as the effects of humidity and temperature variations. The paper must be intended as a homage to the memory of CEB (Comité Euro-International du Béton, Euro-International Committee for Concrete) Honorary Member and member of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR Alexei A. Gvozdev, for long-time head of the laboratory of reinforced concrete of NIIZHB, the Institute for Concrete and Reinforced Concrete now named after him, for his crucial role in encouraging and assisting the author in the initial steps of transporting into CEB and FIP (Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte, International Federation for Prestressing) ambient the fundaments of this new advanced format for creep analysis, to which the school of Soviet scientists and Gvozdev himself had given a fundamental contribution. The present edition of the paper incorporates some significant updates related to the advancement in the international debate, with respect to the previous edition published in the Journal “Industrial and Civil Engineering” (Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo) of December 2014.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care: The 4th Edition of the NCP Guidelines (TH360)

•Explain the importance of the National Consensus Project (NCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, 4th Edition.•Describe the process of developing the 4th edition of the Guidelines.•Differentiate the 4th edition from the previous edition of the Guidelines. Palliative care has expanded into new settings and is being offered by diverse types of organizations, such as health systems, office practices, cancer centers, dialysis units, home health agencies, hospices, long-term care providers and more. Driven by this tremendous innovation within the field, the National Consensus Project (NCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care were revised and the 4th edition was published fall 2018. The goal of the 4th edition of the Guidelines is to improve access to quality palliative care regardless of setting, diagnosis, prognosis, or age by encouraging organizations and clinicians across the care continuum to integrate palliative care principles and best practices into their routine assessment and care of their patients. The Guidelines formalize and delineate evidence-based processes and practices for the provision of safe and reliable high-quality palliative care for adults and children with serious illness, and their families, in all care settings. Those seeking to develop or expand palliative care can integrate the Guidelines into all aspects of their organization to ensure the highest quality care is provided to all patients and their families. This session will review how the 4th edition of the Guidelines was developed, what changes were made from the 3rd edition, and what the implications are to deliver quality palliative care across settings. In addition, the key findings from the systematic review of the Guidelines that was completed by the RAND Evidence-based Practice Center will be discussed.

ISSUES OF REVISING THE APPROACH TO THE EDUCATION OF ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS WHEN MOVING TO A PROFESSIONAL STANDARD

The following issues are considered: the transition to the Federal State Educational Standard of the new generation in accordance with the professional standard; the Federal State Educational Standards analysis in the previous and new edition; the competence approach to formation the professional qualities of young experts; dependence of the qualification level on the level of education and practice; the need to revise the innovative educational programs in order to increase the motivation of students to self-education and the formation of personal competencies that ensure the demand for young professionals in the labor market. Arguments are given in favor of practice-oriented and project-based methods of education in the preparation of architects and design engineers.

Reproductive Science as an Essential Component of Conservation Biology: New Edition.

The previous edition of this book mainly provided a snapshot of the state of the art in terms of species-specific reproductive biology and emerging technologies. The influence of environmental changes on reproductive fitness was introduced but not fully explored. The objectives of this second edition were to (1) emphasize the need for holistic and global efforts to understand and sustain reproduction in a constantly changing environment and (2) provide more knowledge in the reproductive physiology of different taxa. The first section of the book is dedicated to survival and adaptation of species in a changing environment (including chapters on environmental impacts in different taxa, as well as the role of microbiomes). The second section focuses on progress in understanding, assisting or even suppressing reproduction in wild species, keeping in mind the influence of environmental factors as well. It contains chapters from the previous edition that were updated (reproduction in elephants, koalas, marsupials, amphibians, and corals), new chapters on species such as sharks and rays, and contributions about the increasing role of reproductive manipulations, such as assisted reproduction and contraception. While the present book emphasizes the overarching issue of environmental impacts on reproduction (resulting in infertility, subfecundity, or fitness), it also highlights the challenges of maintaining wild species in captivity, including those associated with ensuring good welfare. Captive environments can influence reproduction in a multitude of ways, some unexpected, such as the selection of unwanted genetic traits, an essential dimension to be considered to ensure the success of conservation breeding programs. Lastly, new approaches, such as the use of allostatic load indexes and reproductive microbiome analyses also will be closely examined for the first time in rare and endangered species to address conservation issues.

Reconceptualizing the Constitutional Dimension of Intellectual Property – An Update

This paper is an updated version of the chapter entitled “Reconceptualizing the Constitutional Dimension of Intellectual Property” which appeared in the previous edition (3rd) of the volume edited by Paul Torremans entitled “Intellectual Property and Human Rights”. It draws on previous research published by the author on the ongoing “constitutionalization” of intellectual property rights through the increasing use by legislators and courts of human rights to shape the contours of the exclusive rights. The paper incorporates the most recent judicial developments at EU level which confirmed the full validity and legitimacy of the use of fundamental rights to interpret and adapt IP laws. Drawing on these developments, it advances several proposals in order to construct a satisfying and balanced clause for IP at constitutional level, demonstrating thus a closer connection to the interests of society. First, the chapter proposes to link IP with the universally recognized right to culture and science, thereby mirroring a solution adopted at international and national levels in several countries. Second, it explores the protection that could be offered by the constitutional right to freedom of expression and information. Finally, the inclusion of IP within the protection of property at the constitutional level is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the link with the property provision often guarantees that the social function of this right is extended to intellectual property. When combined with the proportionality principle that mandates a fair balance between competing fundamental rights, intellectual property is far from absolute and can on the contrary be limited by the interest of the society at large.

The Expedition of Humphry Clinker by Tobias Smollett

Reviewed by: The Expedition of Humphry Clinkerby Tobias Smollett Rivka Swenson T obiasS mollett. The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, 2nded., ed. Evan Gottlieb. New York: W. W. Norton, 2015. Pp. xv + 552. $13.48. New editions make a difference; indeed they do as much to shape the course of the conversation as many a monograph, journal issue, or volume of essays. When a formerly unknown or forgotten "old book" sees a modern edition for the first time, suddenly scholars start writing about it, students start reading it, and the book becomes part of the conversation for the long term. And yet, university administrators tend to devalue the work of editing primary texts, perhaps especially those that are designed in large part for classroom teaching, and other scholars may be less likely to review [End Page 198]editions when so many monographs and essay collections need reviewing. This is unfortunate because well-done editions are what every scholar-teacher both wants and needs, and we owe it to ourselves, our colleagues, and our students to acknowledge in print the enormous amount of work (some inspired, some scholarly, some pedagogical, some mere drudgery) that goes into performing the priceless service of editing primary texts. Clinkeris not unknown, and it may be a stretch to say it has been forgotten, but Smollett has been generally neglected by critics in recent decades, especially in comparison to his peers (Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, and, more recently, reclaimed authors such as Eliza Haywood), a fact all the more shocking in light of Smollett's prominence and popularity in his own time, his influence on the other major contemporary novelists, and indeed his contribution to the rise of the novel. Additionally, while Smollett is not the first Scot to have written vernacular prose fiction, he is Scotland's first novelist qua novelist. While Clinkerhas not been neglected by editors (see, for instance, editions from University of Georgia Press [1990], Penguin [2008], and Oxford Classics [2009]), the last Norton Critical Edition appeared some thirty-five years ago. Mr. Gottlieb's new edition of Clinker, the text of which is based on the previous Norton Critical Edition but which corrects several of its typographical errors, stands to revitalize Smollett studies by making this classic text—immensely popular in its own time, too little read in ours—freshly available, in the second decade of the twenty-first century to a new generation of readers. And what a wonderful service that is: Clinker, Smollett's final and arguably his finest novel is a book that frankly deserves to find new readers under any cover it can. May we hope Smollett's other novels will be next? Impressively, the edition's footnotes are as generous in number—very few pages pass without a footnote, or, more typically, footnotes, plural—as they are pithily useful to readers of all ranges. The footnotes for page 49, for "fizzogmony," "Harry King's Row" / "Crashit" / "Hottogon" / "Bloody Buildings," "pennorth," and "flegm" / "farthing" are representative: 1. Physiognomy, i.e., facial features and appearance. 2. Probably Harlequin's row, so named for its mix of brick and stone facades. "Crashit": likely the Royal Crescent. "Hottogon": the Octagon Chapel in Milsom Street, finished in 1676 [ sic], which was a fashionable place of worship. "Bloody Buildings": likely the Bladud Buildings, named after Bath's legendary founder and located in Broad Street. 3. I.e., a penny's worth, meaning a very small amount of something. 4. A variation on the proverb "not worth a brass farthing." A farthing was a coin worth one-quarter of a British penny. "Flegm": i.e., phlegm, one of the four bodily humors, associated with calmness and dispassion. While this edition takes a different tack than some of its competitors (by excluding, for instance, a glossary of Win's linguistic foibles), almost every page has two to four such footnotes, carefully rendered, like Mr. Gottlieb's judicious Preface, to enlighten Smollett's twenty-first-century readers. The other accompanying material is no less useful. The "Backgrounds" and "Contexts" section does good things within a tight compass just shy of twenty [End Page 199]pages. A few helpful pages here, a...

Horizons by Joan H. Manley et al.

Reviewed by: Horizonsby Joan H. Manley et al. E. Nicole Meyer M anley, J oanH., S tuartS mith, J ohnT. M cM inn-R eyna, and M arcA. P révost. Horizons. 7 thed. Cengage, 2019. ISBN 978-1-337-56826-5. Pp. 492. Extremely well laid out and visually enticing, this 7 thedition focuses on effective communication in the target language and acquisition of cultural competencies at the beginner level. The authors not only thoroughly update the previous edition, they integrate more effective and enticing cultural materials on one hand, and on the other, a wonderfully rich user-friendly platform, MindTap. Each chapter, including the preliminary chapter, opens with the new Géocultureand Vidéo-voyages. Images are colorful and inviting; readings brief enough to supplement the lesson without overwhelming the student. In addition, the pre-, during-, and post-video activities exemplify the superb pedagogical approach of this volume. The most valuable innovation of the new edition is clearly the well-designed, user-friendly (both for instructor and student) online platform MindTap. The online activities supplement rather than duplicate the text exercises. MindTap first introduces clear learning objectives, then presents new content through short videos, as well as through clear and concise visual images and textual means. Given the easily customizable approach of the platform, instructors can choose which activities will help their students learn the concepts that they find most important. Students receive immediate feedback and [End Page 264]may attempt the exercises as often as needed. For my students, this repetition and ability to get a perfect score not only motivates them, it teaches them the material. While the user-friendly MindTap along with the responsive Cengage team alone make me wish to switch from our current text by another company, there is so much more that makes this text a worthy choice for teaching university students starting their French-learning journey. Both instructor and student will appreciate the clear and concise grammar explanations with plenty of examples and exercises to solidify learning, as well as the two-page Comparaisons culturellesand Résumé de grammairewhich summarize the objectives of each lesson. The structure of Horizonsdivides the chapter into four Compétencescontaining logically grouped chunks of materials. The cultural, grammar, and vocabulary reviews neatly frame each chapter. More importantly, the authors deftly incorporate multiple styles of learning, clearly presented grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation explanations and activities. All materials are well chosen with students' interests in mind, so important to motivating students to learn. The abundance of readings, grammar, video, and discussion activities permit the instructor to adapt the text to their own teaching style and level of students. For those who are strapped for ideas or time, the instructor's manual's teaching suggestions and strategies will increase communicative and cultural approaches and prove quite enticing. Given the clear grammar and cultural presentations, and bountiful well-scaffolded exercises, however, instructors will find themselves with more time for active learning in the classroom, and less time spent explaining concepts. E. Nicole Meyer Augusta University (GA) Copyright © 2019 American Association of Teachers of French

The Open Access Companion to the "Canterbury Tales," 2017 ed. by Candace Barrington, Brantley L. Bryant, Richard H. Godden, Daniel T. Kline, and Myra Seaman

Reviewed by: The Open Access Companion to the "Canterbury Tales," 2017 ed. by Candace Barrington, Brantley L. Bryant, Richard H. Godden, Daniel T. Kline, and Myra Seaman Lynn Shutters Candace Barrington, Brantley L. Bryant, Richard H. Godden, Daniel T. Kline, and Myra Seaman, eds. The Open Access Companion to the "Canterbury Tales," 2017. https://opencanterburytales.dsl.lsu.edu/. Chaucer companions appear in cycles, a slew of them cropping up every decade or so. As the last round of companions came out in the mid-2000s, the time is ripe for a fresh spate. What counts as "new" for a companion varies widely, running the gamut from minor revisions of a previous edition to entirely original content. Less frequently addressed [End Page 329] is the question of genre: companions typically consist of chapters governed by particular theoretical approaches (feminist Chaucer, post-colonial Chaucer, etc.), genres (Chaucer's dream visions, Chaucer and romance), or related topics (Chaucer and the Italian tradition, love and marriage in Chaucer). The persistence of this format attests to its value: rarely does one read a companion from start to finish, and a clear organizational apparatus allows readers quickly to identify chapters of interest. Every once in a while, though, a companion offers a surprisingly fresh format, as is the case with The Open Access Companion to the "Canter-bury Tales" (OACCT). This is a companion that makes good on its tagline—"A new way to learn about old books"—in smart and groundbreaking ways. Perhaps its most impressive innovation is in the publication format. As its title suggests, the OACCT is a completely online, noncommercial resource, freely available to all. Remarkably, no presses were involved in this companion's making; at a time when academic publishing has entered troubled waters, this project demonstrates how scholars can work outside traditional publication venues and practices. Moreover, print companions necessarily offer readers a snapshot of a particular moment in Chaucer scholarship. This online companion, by contrast, is intended to be ever evolving; at the time that I am writing this review, the editors have plans to add additional material, including pedagogical resources and "reader contributions." The OACCT specifically addresses itself to university-level, first-time readers of Chaucer. As of this writing, it consists of a user's guide; twenty-nine essay chapters, each devoted to a particular Canterbury tale, plus one on the Host and frame; and six reference chapters, providing cultural, linguistic, and biographical background. With the stated goal of "combin[ing] the dynamism of recent scholarship with pedagogical flexibility," the editors solicited essays that are "question-oriented," are of "cross-historical interest," and engage with "current critical approaches." This is a tall order, but one that the companion achieves. Its essays are by and large excellent, offering the reader—and reviewer —an embarrassment of riches. I therefore single out a few essays as representative of the quality of the whole. Reference chapters are organized by standard topics—"English Society 1340–1400: Reform and Resistance," for example—with one exception: "What Does It Mean to Read a Medieval Text?," a collection of [End Page 330] twelve short essays curated by Moira Fitzgibbons and addressing readers' emotional, intellectual, and imaginative responses to Chaucer. "Readers" here include professors, novelists, video-game designers, a high-school student, and a rapper, among others. The reference chapters are lively and accessible. Simon Horobin, for example, in "Chaucer's Middle English," provides an admirably clear, undergraduate-friendly introduction to Chaucer's English. Kathleen E. Kennedy's "Everyday Life in Late Medieval England" runs through the typical day of fourteenth-century Englanders and provides an array of memorable details: for example, that medieval people wore fur on the inside, rather than the outside, of garments, to maximize warmth. For me, the knockout reference chapter is Alexandra Gillespie and Julianna Chianelli's "Manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales." Tackling their topic with verve, the authors counter popular misconceptions about the Middle Ages (nobody could read, there were no books, etc.), guide readers through the "bookishness" of the Canterbury Tales, and explain why that bookishness matters. Particularly fascinating is their section on associations among books, the human, and...

T.H. Marshall is (almost) dead and buried: a response to Filipe Duarte

In a previous edition of Critical and Radical Social Work, Filipe Duarte provided a full account of Marshall’s model of citizenship and argued for the continuing relevance of social citizenship in public welfare provision. Questions are raised about the adequacy of this exposition of Marshall’s model and the significant absences that result from the failure to critique it. The need for an understanding of social citizenship that goes beyond Marshall’s model is explored.

24th International Conference on Subterranean Biology

The 24thedition of the biennial Conference on Subterranean Biology was held on the campus of the University of Aveiro in Portugal from 20th to 24thAugust, following the previous edition held in USA (Culver, 2016). These conferences are organized under the auspices of the International Society for Subterranean Biology, founded in 1979. It was the first meeting held in Portugal and in the Iberian Peninsula.

The Datacenter as a Computer: Designing Warehouse-Scale Machines, Third Edition

This book describes warehouse-scale computers (WSCs), the computing platforms that power cloud computing and all the great web services we use every day. It discusses how these new systems treat the datacenter itself as one massive computer designed at warehouse scale, with hardware and software working in concert to deliver good levels of internet service performance. The book details the architecture of WSCs and covers the main factors influencing their design, operation, and cost structure, and the characteristics of their software base. Each chapter contains multiple real-world examples, including detailed case studies and previously unpublished details of the infrastructure used to power Google's online services. Targeted at the architects and programmers of today's WSCs, this book provides a great foundation for those looking to innovate in this fascinating and important area, but the material will also be broadly interesting to those who just want to understand the infrastructure powering the internet. The third edition reflects four years of advancements since the previous edition and nearly doubles the number of pictures and figures. New topics range from additional workloads like video streaming, machine learning, and public cloud to specialized silicon accelerators, storage and network building blocks, and a revised discussion of data center power and cooling, and uptime. Further discussions of emerging trends and opportunities ensure that this revised edition will remain an essential resource for educators and professionals working on the next generation of WSCs.

Demographics, Safety and Quality, and Prognostic Information in Both the Seventh and Eighth Editions of the TNM Classification in 18,973 Surgical Cases of the Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registry Database in 2010

IntroductionThe Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registry performed the fourth nationwide registry study of surgical cases. Demographics, safety and quality, prognostic information, and correlations between the seventh and the eighth editions of the TNM classification were investigated. The principal results were compared with those of previous Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registry studies. MethodsThe clinicopathologic profiles, staging, and prognosis of patients who had an operation for primary lung cancer in 2010 were retrospectively collected in 2016 and analyzed. ResultsThe cohort consisted of 18,973 patients from 297 hospitals (11,771 males, mean age 68.3 years). Tumor smaller than 2.0 cm was seen in 39.0% of patients, and limited resection was performed in 22.7%. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 0.43 and 1.26%, respectively. The overall and disease-free survival rates at 5 years were 74.7 and 67.8%, respectively. The respective 5-year survival rates by pathological stage in the seventh edition in the present study (2010) and in the previous study (2004) were 88.9% and 86.8% for stage IA, 76.7% and 73.9% for stage IB, 64.1% and 61.6% for stage IIA, 56.1% and 49.8% for stage IIB, 47.9% and 40.9% for stage IIIA, 30.2% and 27.8% for stage IIIB, and 36.1% and 27.9% for stage IV. The 5-year survival rates by clinical stage in the eighth edition in the present study were 97.0% for stage 0, 91.6% for stage IA1, 81.4% for stage IA2, 74.8% for stage IA3, 71.5% for stage IB, 60.2% for stage IIA, 58.1% for stage IIB, 50.6% for stage IIIA, 40.5% for stage IIIB, 37.5% for stage IIIC, and 36.0% for IVA/B. With restaging, the overall survival rates of clinical stage IA and IB in the seventh edition were stratified into stages 0 to IA3 and stages IA1 to IIA in the eighth edition, respectively. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates improved surgical results for lung cancer in Japan. The TNM revision for the eighth edition was supported by the assessment of stage migration from the previous edition and the prognostic stratification.