Previous Conferences Research Articles

Spectrum Policy and Regulatory Issues

The Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19) will convene in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, from 28 October to 22 November 2019. These conferences are held every three to four years. It is the job of WRC to review and, if necessary, revise the Radio Regulations, the international treaty governing the use of the radio-frequency spectrum and the geostationary-satellite and non-geostationary-satellite orbits. Revisions are made on the basis of an agenda determined by the ITU Council, which takes into account recommendations made by previous world radiocommunication conferences. Reports on the WRC-19 agenda and examines regulations to be considered.

Building Library Web Apps

Previous conferences have included workshops encouraging librarians to learn computer programming skills in order to develop efficient, software solutions for problems they face in their work. This poster presentation highlighted two web apps developed by Covenant’s library staff— a reference e-book meta-search engine, and an interactive ILL request form supporting inbound OpenURL linking. The poster described motivations for developing these apps, reviewed the technology used and the development process, summarized the impact on library service, and identified directions for future development.

The 5th International Scientific Conference "Psychology of Stress and Coping Behaviour – Challenges, Resources, Well-being"

The International Scientific Conference "Psychology of Stress and Coping Behaviour – Challenges, Resources, Well-being" was held at Kostroma State University from September 25th to 28th, 2019 with the support of the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations. This is the 5th conference on stress and coping behaviour in Russia, at Kostroma State University, where this direction has been under development for more than 20 years and where 4 previous conferences – in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 – were successful. This were the Russian Psychological Society, St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences together with Kostroma State University, which were the conference's organisers. About 300 specialists from higher educational institutions, educational, scientific and other organisations of Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Greece, Germany, India took part in the conference. 16 and 92 reports were submitted at plenary and sectional meetings, respectively. 296 articles were published in the conference's compendium.

Rebalancing Global Climate Governance and China’s Endeavor

In December 2018, the 24th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Katowice, Poland, and reached a package of agreements. It provided a new opportunity for the promotion of global climate negotiations and new momentum for the transformation of global climate governance as well. The Katowice conference continued the tradition of the previous conferences in enhancing policy coordination and contribution among various actors. The success of the conference depends on scientific reports of climate disasters, coordinated efforts by major countries, and the contribution of various non-state actors. However, as an ongoing process, global climate governance is still faced by many difficulties, such as weak synergy, staggering development of global environmental governance, daunting challenges to least developed countries (LDCs) in climate actions, and lack of fairness, which need to be tackled through joint endeavor by both developed and developing countries. As the second largest economy and biggest greenhouse gas emitter, China’s future engagement in global climate governance will be focused on promoting green competitiveness, enhancing its institutional power in the governance process, and strengthening pragmatic multi-stakeholder climate diplomacy, so as to promote common understanding among countries and help with their policy coordination for climate actions.

To the reader

Dear Reader: The Moscow Journal of Combinatorics and Number Theory was founded in 2010 by the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and in 2018 it started being published by MSP (Mathematical Sciences Publishers), a nonprofit scientific publisher based in Berkeley, California. Our journal publishes original, high-quality research articles from a broad range of interests within combinatorics, number theory and allied areas. Since 2011 we have published over 100 papers. Among our authors are such mathematicians as Noga Alon, Antal Balog, Jean-Pierre Demailly, Dominic Foata, Peter Frankl, Aleksandar Ivic, Sergei Konyagin, Yuri Nesterenko, Janos Pach, Yakov Sinai, Andrzej Schinzel, Wolfgang Schmidt, Carlo Viola, Michel Waldschmidt, and many others. This issue 1 of volume 8 is the first issue to appear under MSP's aegis. It contains selected papers presented by the participants of the Vilnius Conference in Combinatorics and Number Theory, which was organized with support from our journal and took place at the Department of Mathematics and Informatics of the University of Vilnius, Lithuania, 16–22 July 2017. Previous conferences connected to our journal were held in Russia (Diophantine analysis, Astrakhan, 30 July to 3 August 2012), Lithuania (Palanga Conference in Combinatorics and Number Theory, 1–7 September 2013), again Russia (Moscow Workshop in Combinatorics and Number Theory, January 27 to 2 February 2014), and Denmark (Diophantine Approximation and Related Topics, Aarhus, 13–17 July 2015). A collection of papers from the Astrakhan conference appeared in issue 3–4 of volume 3 (2013), and papers related to the Aarhus conference in issue 2–3 of volume 6 (2016). We hope that you will enjoy this issue and support the journal both with your submissions and by recommending a subscription to your institutional library!

Large-scale simulation of mantle convection based on a new matrix-free approach

In this paper, we report on a two-scale approach for efficient matrix-free finite element simulations. It is an extended version of our previous conference publication [1]. The proposed method is based on surrogate element matrices constructed by low order polynomial approximations. It is applied to a Stokes-type PDE system with variable viscosity as is a key component in mantle convection models. We set the ground for a rigorous performance analysis inspired by the concept of parallel textbook multigrid efficiency and study the weak scaling behavior on SuperMUC, a peta-scale supercomputer system. For a complex geodynamical model, we achieve, on up to 47 250 compute cores, a parallel efficiency of 93% for application of the discrete operator and 83% for a complete Uzawa V-cycle including the coarse grid solve. Our largest simulation uses a trillion (O(1012)) degrees of freedom for a global mesh resolution of 1.5 km. Applicability of our new approach for geodynamical problems is demonstrated by investigating dynamic topography for classical benchmark settings as well as for high-resolution models with lateral viscosity variations.

Proceedings of the 2018 Australasian Road Safety Conference - Sydney

These proceedings describe research, educational and policing program implementation and policy and management strategies related to all aspects of road safety and especially related to the conference theme of ‘Towards Zero – Making it Happen!’. It is the fourth in the series of annual Australasian Road Safety Conference, an amalgamation of the Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference and the Australasian College of Road Safety Conference. The conference provided a unique opportunity for those involved in all aspects of road safety, including researchers, practitioners, policymakers, police, and educators, to meet, present, and discuss their work. Some of the popular topic areas included young and ageing drivers; vulnerable road users; human factors related to distraction, inattention, and fatigue; policing, vehicle safety technology; and road design. The authors of accepted extended abstracts and full papers represent international and local institutions from all aspects of their respective communities including research centres, private companies, government agencies, and community groups. This set of papers is a wonderful indication of the work being done in Australia, New Zealand and abroad as part of the United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety. The Conference Organising Committee allowed two manuscript types for the conference: ‘Extended Abstracts’ and peer-reviewed ‘Full Papers’. Using a similar format to the previous successful conference in 2017, the Conference Scientific sub-Committee initially called for submissions in the form of Extended Abstracts (approx. 1 to 3 pages). Groups of submissions around similar themes were assigned to Conference Handling Editors with senior peer status in the respective field of road safety, who then handled the review process for their assigned submissions. Each Extended Abstract was reviewed by two independent expert peer reviewers on the following selection criteria: content consistent with the conference theme, novelty of information or data, clarity, relevance to practice or policy, scientific merit, and interest to audience. Authors were also provided the option of submitting a Full Paper, which is HERDC* compliant for Australian Universities. Based on the outcome of the peer review of their Extended Abstract, some authors were provided the opportunity to extend their submission into a full paper which subsequently underwent further review by three independent peer reviewers for inclusion into the Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety. A total of 186 manuscripts were accepted as Extended Abstracts and further 28 submissions were further reviewed as Full Papers.

WCSB8 Conference Report

Author Summary: A comprehensive report from our previous world conference. Besides the scientific meeting and its achievements, duly published in the proceedings which is in the very experienced hands of the AusIMM, WSCB8 was a special event in that a highpoint was the launching of the International Pierre Gy Sampling Association (IPGSA). For the first time since the first WCSB1 (2003), our community now has the form of a scientific organisation which will handle organisational matters for which such a formal entity is necessary. The historic background for the proposal to inaugurate a formal scientific organisation was outlined in the previous TOS Forum issue—and the first president of the IPGSA takes this development further in the present report. The inaugural IPGSA Council, and its advisory committee, is duly announced here as well. In a coming issue we will present the Council further, complete with biographies and declarations-of-intent, all so that we can all fully appreciate the collective we have now elected to run our administrative, organisational and other matters.

Inspiration, innovation and integration: highlights from the third ICPCN conference on children's palliative care, 30 May to 2 June 2018, Durban, South Africa.

The International Children’s Palliative Care Network (ICPCN) held its third international conference on children’s palliative care in Durban, South Africa, from May 30 2018 to 2 June 2018. The conference—inspiration, innovation and integration—brought together 250 participants from 41 countries and was held in conjunction with local partners—Umduduzi Hospice Care for Children, Palliative Treatment for Children South Africa (Patch SA) and the Hospice and Palliative Care Association of South Africa. It built on national and global developments in palliative care such as its inclusion in Universal health coverage (UHC), the Lancet Commission report on pain and palliative care and the sustainable development goals (SDGs), and aimed to raise the profile of children’s palliative care in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and nationally. Seven pre-conference workshops were held prior to the conference on topics such as pain and symptom management, children’s palliative care within a humanitarian crisis, perinatal palliative care, research, developing programmes, ethical issues and difficult conversations in children’s palliative care. Delegates were welcomed in true Durban style at the welcome reception hosted by the City of Durban and uShaka Marine World. The opening plenary included entertainment from the Open Air School and Hillcrest Primary School, and inspirational talks from the Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Health, a representative of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Chief Executive of ICPCN and the Noble Peace Prize Nominee Dr MR Rajagopal from Pallium India. Plenary sessions were interspersed throughout the conference with 56 oral concurrent presentations and workshops, six ‘Meet the expert sessions’ 100 poster presentations and the South African Premier of the film ‘Hippocratic: 18 Experiments in gently shaking the world’. There was a great feeling of networking and learning throughout the conference, with the conference being well evaluated, and an increase in the level of presentations and research from previous conferences demonstrating the steps that are being taken in children’s palliative care globally.

A comparison of friction modifier performance using two laboratory test scales

This paper describes two methods, carried out at two different test scales, for assessing the friction modifier performance. Study A used the wear data from a full-scale rig test at the voestalpine Schienen GmbH and compared it with the wear data from twin disc tests using the SUROS test machine at the University of Sheffield. Study B compared the ‘retentivity’ data, from a full-scale rig at the University of Sheffield, with the data from the SUROS tests. Study A concluded that a good correlation existed between the two scales although assumptions made in the full-scale contact calculation introduce a large spread into the results. There was a greater correlation between the two data sets at more severe contact conditions. Study B showed a different baseline coefficient of traction between the two scales and that a longer test length is required to fully evaluate the ‘retention’ of the friction modifier on the full-scale rig. The paper expands on a previous conference presentation on the same subject. Additional information on the test procedure and test rigs is included here. Surface and subsurface analyses of the SUROS test samples have also been added. The analyses have shown that applying the friction modifier leads to a similar wear mechanism as for the dry contact, but the wear is less severe and there is less subsurface deformation. A discussion describing the differences in test scales and comparing lab tests to field operation is also included.

International Conference on Screw Machines 2018

Dear friends of the screw machinesWelcome to the International Conference on Screw Machines 2018 (ICSM 2018). This worldwide unique conference with the exclusive focus on research and development of screw machines is now taking place for the 10th time at the TU Dortmund University. I am particularly pleased that this internationally orientated conference brings together authors and participants from 13 countries around the globe. This is a unique opportunity for the community to grow together, from young engineers to the “old hands”.My highly esteemed colleague Prof. Knut Kauder, who had been doing research in the field of screw machines since 1975, had the idea for the first conference (“Schraubenmaschinen ‘84”), which took place in 1984. I am particularly pleased that one of the speakers at the first conference and certainly a very well-known scientist in the field of screw machines, Prof. L. Rinder, is faithful to this conference and is present today. Another prominent representative of the developers of screw machines is Jack Sauls, who gave his first presentation at this conference in 1990 and is also present today.Despite these years of research and development, many scientific questions regarding screw machines are still unanswered today. These include, for example, the modelling or simulation of the multiphase flow, the potentials offered by new manufacturing possibilities of the rotors or the special challenges of designing screw spindle vacuum pumps. The 33 presentations and papers of the 10th ICSM deal with these questions and many other topics. The contributions of all nine previous conferences and the contributions of the 2018 conference are freely available and can be downloaded on the conference website (www. icsm.tu-dortmund.de). Additionally, the papers of the ICSM 2018 are published in the open access IOP (Institute of Physics) conference series.Finally, I would like to thank everyone involved for their pleasant and constructive cooperation. Firstly, the sponsors of the conference, PTG Holroyd and Kapp Niles, without whom the small conference fee would not have been possible. Furthermore I would like to thank the authors, who have put a lot of time and effort into preparing the papers. The program committee and the reviewers, who ensured the high scientific standard of the conference, are to be mentioned immediately afterwards. My very special thanks to the entire chair of fluidics team, who prepared and organized the conference with a lot of time and effort. From this group I would like to thank Mrs. I. Kokott and Mr. C. Huck personally for their above-average commitment and excellent organizational talent.Prof. Andreas BrümmerConference Chair

Guest editorial: “Manufacturing Influence on Fatigue Properties”

Since its foundation in 1985, the Engineering Integrity Society has made an important contribution to engineering science by providing a forum for academic and industrial engineers to exchange ideas, knowledge, and experience. The EIS has been organising international conferences for more than 30 years. Fatigue 2017 was held in Downing College Cambridge on 1 to 3 July 2017 and was the seventh in our series of major conferences. We brought the international fatigue and durability community together to share knowledge, and understand the challenges, in using high performance materials for reliable and cost effective products. Fatigue 2017 built on our previous fatigue conferences by exploring the emergence of modern manufacturing processes and the impact these have on the mechanical properties of the materials themselves right through to the performance of the final components. This complex interplay between materials and their processing, advanced manufacturing methods, and the subsequent durability and reliability of the products formed a dominant theme throughout the conference. The nine papers in this Special Issue have been selected as they address many of these important questions. The EIS is a registered charity and one of our aims is to encourage young people to enter and stay in the engineering profession. We are pleased that one fifth of the papers at Fatigue 2017 were written and presented by early career engineers and were eligible for the Peter Watson Prize. This is awarded annually in memory of our Founding President who was a great supporter of our fatigue conferences. The winner of the Peter Watson Prize was Eimear O'Hara, and her paper on low cycle fatigue of a new precipitate strengthened martensitic steel is a worthy inclusion in this Special Issue. Anke Schmiedt was Highly Commended for her paper, also included in this Special Issue, in which she investigated the corrosion fatigue of brazed joints in exhaust gas condensate. The EIS is pleased to be able to bring the work of scientists and engineers working on important problems of fatigue and durability to the wider engineering research community through this Special Issue dedicated to the influence of manufacturing to fatigue properties and design. As Guest Editors of this Special Issue, we are satisfied of the final result and hope that the present papers could be useful to researchers, designers, and colleagues who are involved in different aspects of design and investigation, using traditional and new materials. We would like to thank all the authors for their important contribution and all the reviewers for their efforts that are fundamental in the dissemination of the scientific finding. Sincere thanks also to Prof Hong Youshi, the Editor-in-Chief of this international journal, who helped and supported us with patience, and to all the FFEMS staff for the valuable, priceless, and inexhaustible contribution.

Persuading end users to act cautiously online: a fear appeals study on phishing

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the protection motivation theory (PMT) in the context of fear appeal interventions to reduce the threat of phishing attacks. In addition, it was tested to what extent the model relations are equivalent across fear appeal conditions and across time.Design/methodology/approachA pre-test post-test design was used. In the pre-test, 1,201 internet users filled out an online survey and were presented with one of three fear appeal conditions: strong fear appeal, weak fear appeal and control condition. Arguments regarding vulnerability of phishing attacks and response efficacy of vigilant online information-sharing behaviour were manipulated in the fear appeals. In the post-test, data were collected from 786 internet users and analysed with partial least squares path modelling.FindingsThe study found that PMT model relations hold in the domain of phishing. Self-efficacy and fear were the most important predictors of protection motivation. In general, the model results were equivalent across conditions and across time.Practical ImplicationsIt is important to consider online information-sharing behaviour because it facilitates the occurrence and success of phishing attacks. The results give practitioners more insight into important factors to address in the design of preventative measures to reduce the success of phishing attacks. Future research is needed to test how fear appeals work in real-world settings and over longer periods.Originality/valueThis paper is a substantial adaptation of a previous conference paper (Jansen and Van Schaik, 2017a, b).

Inverse methods and integral-differential model demonstration for optimal mechanical operation of power plants – numerical graphical optimization for second generation of tribology models

Abstract Stepping forward from a previous conference contribution, the article focuses on extension of inverse problem algorithms to integral-differential modelling and formal/strict demonstration of graphical-optimization method. It shows evident-mathematical and 3D-imaging proofs of the graphical optimization method with L1 Norm simulations and algorithms. At present, Linear/Nonlinear Optimization mathematical methods constitute the choice of preference in getting improvements for erosion and corrosion simulations- determinations in general tribology, biotribology and tribocorrosion. The method(s) developed are classical numerical optimization settings for objective functions, programming optimization and simulations, and special software for imaging in 3D. Results are diverse and the range of their applications is wide. First, the article provides a definite formal demonstration of the nonlinear graphical optimization both in numerical results and in imaging. Then, the authors propose the development of programming optimization and mathematical proofs-algorithms of the integral-differential model for various models. Subsequently, an overview of stochastic erosion methods based on Markov Chain is presented in the article. Finally, the second generation of tribology models is defined and conceptually explained. To summarise, the article comprises new findings towards modernization of tribology, biotribology and tribocorrosion models, gathering innovative research branches for future extension of the mathematical modelling progress. The results can be applied to both general techniques and mechanical engineering. The analytical and numerical demonstration of the integral-differential model constitutes a key point and essential result of the research. Extension to electromagnetic and electronic models of these methods is also considered feasible and practical

Participate in SC17

Preparations for the SC17 conference are in full swing! Be it papers, panels, workshops or tutorials, we have had hundreds of submissions to the SC17 technical program. Early feedback from the reviewers indicates that the quality of the submissions continues to meet the excellent standards set forth by previous SC conferences.

Cross Cultural Knowledge, Ethno-Conservation, and Sustainability Pragmatism

Abstract Local conservative knowledge cut across small-scale ecological natural resource management practices, whilst scientific innovations generates extensive solutions using key principles of empirical study. Assessing tribal peoples’ lifestyles, disposition and the preservation of the rich cultural endowments and vegetation fertility, shows linkages of strict enforcement of customary environmentalism to secure livelihood sources. This qualitative study uses descriptive comparison of cross-cultural conservation practices to underscore the reconciliation of cultural knowledge, natural ecology sustainability. Data and case studies from cultural behaviours, perceptions and attitudes of certain tribal groups were processed and presented as strategies and solutions for inclusive propositions. Theories and dataset from previous journals, reports, books and conference communique from multilateral agencies, non-political actors, research institutes were resourceful in arriving at conclusions that will provide a common path that accentuates cultural ecological practices to broaden the campaign for sustainability.

Joint American Nuclear Society and Health Physics Society Conference: Applicability of Radiation Response Models to Low Dose Protection Standards.

Seventy-five years after the Hanford Site was initially created as the primary plutonium production site for atomic weapons development under the Manhattan Project, the American Nuclear Society and the Health Physics Society are sponsoring a conference from 30 September through 3 October 2018, in Pasco, Washington, titled "Applicability of Radiation Response Models to Low Dose Protection Standards." The goal of this conference is to use current scientific data to update the approach to regulating low-level radiation doses; i.e., to answer a quintessential question of radiation protection-how to best develop radiation protection standards that protect human populations against detrimental effects while allowing the beneficial uses of radiation and radioactive materials. Previous conferences (e.g., "Wingspread Conference," "Arlie Conference") have attempted to address this question; but now, almost 20 y later, the key issues, goals, conclusions, and recommendations of those two conferences remain and are as relevant as they were then. Despite the best efforts of the conference participants and increased knowledge and understanding of the science underlying radiation effects in human populations, the bases of current radiation protection standards have evolved little. This 2018 conference seeks to provide a basis and path forward for evolving radiation protection standards to be more reflective of current knowledge and understanding of low dose response models.

The 3rd World Conference on Kisspeptin, "Kisspeptin 2017: Brain and Beyond":Unresolved questions, challenges and future directions for the field.

The 3rd World Conference on Kisspeptin, "Kisspeptin 2017: Brain and Beyond" was held March 30-31 at the Rosen Centre Hotel in Orlando, Florida, providing an international forum for multidisciplinary scientists to meet and share cutting-edge research on kisspeptin biology and its relevance to human health and disease. The meeting built upon previous world conferences focused on the role of kisspeptin and associated peptides in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and reproduction. Based on recent discoveries, the scope of this meeting was expanded to include functions of kisspeptin and related peptides in other physiological systems including energy homeostasis, pregnancy, ovarian and uterine function, and thermoregulation. In addition, discussions addressed the translation of basic knowledge of kisspeptin biology to the treatment of disease, with the goal of seeking consensus about the best approaches to improve human health. The two-day meeting featured a non-traditional structure, with each day starting with poster sessions followed by lunch discussions and facilitated large-group sessions with short presentations to maximize the exchange of new, unpublished data. Topics were identified by a survey prior to the meeting, and focused on major unresolved questions, important controversies, and future directions in the field. Finally, career development activities provided mentoring for trainees and junior investigators, and networking opportunities for those individuals with established researchers in the field. Overall, the meeting was rated as a success by attendees and covered a wide range of lively and provocative discussion topics on the changing nature of the field of "kisspeptinology" and its future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

3rd International Conference on Global Sustainability and Chemical Engineering (ICGSCE 2017)

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering3rd International Conference on Global Sustainability and Chemical Engineering (ICGSCE 2017)15th to 16th February 2017 Putrajaya, MalaysiaPREFACEIt is our great pleasure to welcome you to 2017 The 3rd International Conference on Global Sustainability and Chemical Engineering (ICGSCE) which has been held in Marriot Hotel, Putrajaya, Malaysia on 15th to 16th February 2017. ICGSCE is an international event organized by the Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, with the purpose to highlight the roles and responsibilities that modern chemical engineering play in preserving the environment whilst satisfying the continually increasing demands of consumers and industry.ICGSCE endeavors to serve as a platform that allows the exploration of new ideas and developments through the various spectrums of chemical engineering emphasizing on global sustainability. Building on the success of the previous conferences, ICGSCE 2017 with the theme “Catalysing Technologies for Sustainable Solutions” is therefore aiming to showcase the advances in research and technologies through a variety of state-of-the-art sessions which include keynote lectures, oral and poster presentations, and discussions. ICGSCE 2017 provides the medium for scientists and academicians from universities and industries all around the globe to promote and share various new issues and sustainable developments in the identified scopes – renewable and sustainable energy technology, sustainable policy and education, global warming, biofuels, carbon sequestration, carbon/water footprinting, green technology, environmental technology, fuel cells, biotechnology, food technology, separation technology, advanced materials, nanotechnology, process modeling and simulation, process control, oil and gas exploration and production technology, oleochemical technology, process safety and risk assessment. In line with the 2017 theme, the conference itself is an opportunity for the researchers to initiate networking and establish new research collaborations to deliver sustainable solutions.List of Conference committee available in this article is Patron, Advisor, Conference Chair, Deputy Chairperson, Editorial and Publication Board, International Committee.

Prospects in Britain in the light of the Bus Services Act 2017

The aim of this paper is not to document a specific research project, but to provide an international audience with an overview of the Bus Services Act 2017 in Britain in the light of the extensive experience of deregulation and privatisation within the British bus and coach industry since the early 1980s. It provides a range of powers, mostly permissive rather than mandatory. The general emphasis of the Act displays marked shift from the previous focus on competition as a major policy aim, to one in which partnerships between operators and local transport authorities are encouraged. Procedures for franchising are simplified, in contrast to those under the 2000 and 2008 Acts, which did not result in any franchising scheme outside London being introduced. The changes relate to a number of themes examined in previous Thredbo conferences, including aspects of competition law, service tendering, data disclosure and network planning. This paper begins by examining the historical background to the Act, then discusses its main provisions. Data requirements for research to monitor the possible effects of its implementation are outlined. It is concluded that the Act has the potential to encourage greater bus use, but the extent of this is highly uncertain.