Previous Career Research Articles

Exploring interprofessional collaboration and attitudes of health sciences librarians.

Objective:This study assessed health sciences librarians' attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration using the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) and gathered information on their involvement with interprofessional activities.Methods:The authors sent a survey to librarians in the Medical Library Association's (MLA's) Interprofessional Education Special Interest Group and Research Section consisting of the IEPS and questions about their prior and current experiences with interprofessional practice and education (IPE). We compared mean IEPS scores between each MLA group and several other demographic factors to assess differences in attitudes. We also compared librarians' IEPS scores with those of previously published health professional students' IEPS scores and thematically analyzed two open-ended questions.Results:Health sciences librarians' scores on the IEPS indicated positive attitudes toward IPE. There were no statistically significant differences between any group. Health sciences librarians' mean IEPS score was similar to the mean score of health professions students from a prior study. The most commonly reported interprofessional activity was teaching or facilitating learning activities for health professions students; fewer served on committees or engaged in non-curricular activities such as grand rounds and book clubs.Conclusion:Health sciences librarians in this study reported positive attitudes toward IPE, in line with the majority of other previously studied health professionals. Years of experience, previous health professional careers, and experience supporting IPE as a librarian had little bearing on the responses to the survey. This suggests that health sciences librarians have positive attitudes toward IPE, regardless of whether they directly support IPE programs or participate in interprofessional activities.

The reciprocal longitudinal relationship between career maturity and goal consciousness in Korean adolescents

The purpose of this study was to verify the reciprocal longitudinal relationship between career maturity and goal consciousness in Korean adolescents. To achieve this purpose, the longitudinal data of students who were sixth graders in 2012, ninth graders in 2015, and twelfth graders in 2018 were analyzed using an autoregressive cross-lagged model. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, previous career maturity and goal consciousness in adolescents have a continuing effect on subsequent career maturity and goal consciousness. Second, the career maturity significantly influenced the goal consciousness of later adolescents. Third, the goal consciousness significantly influenced subsequent career maturity. This study confirmed the mutual longitudinal effects of the autoregressive cross-lagged model among adolescent career maturity goal consciousness. The results of this study confirmed that career maturity and goal consciousness have a reciprocal longitudinal relationship. These results suggest that career education is needed from the early stage of adolescence.

Pathways to precarity: Work, financial insecurity and wage dependency among Australia’s retrenched auto workers

Precarious work research has increasingly understood that precarity is not limited to poor job quality. However, this idea has received insufficient attention among older workers whose careers have been erased by retrenchment. The sense in which retrenched workers’ lives are co-determined by the residual effects of previous long-term careers has been under-studied. Through a study of the closure of Australia’s automotive manufacturing industry, this article shows how workers’ life trajectories were differentiated by benefits accrued through their long careers, including union-negotiated redundancy pay and wealth accumulated in home ownership. Retrenched workers adopted different positions on a continuum of wage dependency and household-scale financial security which insulated some from the negative effects of precarious work and relegated others to a pathway of rising precarity. This latter pathway is likely to become more important among older workers due to the disappearance of large-scale manual employment in secure, well-paying jobs.

Russia’s civil service: professional or patrimonial? Executive-level officials in five federal ministries

ABSTRACT The issue of poor performance of the Russian federal bureaucracy is addressed by linking performance to type of official, through analysis of biographical data on deputy ministers and division (departament) heads in five federal ministries since 2012, supplemented by internet searches on behavior, particularly of a corrupt nature. Education, previous career experience, and recruitment, including its timing relative to superiors and subordinates, are analyzed, in order to determine whether officials behave primarily as members of patrimonial teams, as members of problem-solving organizations, as self-serving individuals, as the instruments of capture by commercial organizations, or as servants of bureaucratic agency interests. The data do not strongly support any one conclusion, but problem-solving officials have the strongest presence.

Previous and Prospective Career Mobility, Client Capture, and Compromised Professional Judgment: The Withholding of Known Relevant Prior Art by Patent Lawyers on Behalf of Their Clients

Client capture is the process by which professionals become so dependent on certain clients that their professional judgment is compromised. We explore whether there are systematic differences across professionals in their likelihood of improperly biasing their judgment in the interests of clients on whom they highly depend. To do so, we examine the disclosure of prior art by patent lawyers when representing client patent applications submitted to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Lawyers are obligated professionally to disclose all relevant prior art of which they are aware even if, in doing so, their clients receive narrower intellectual property rights. We suggest that patent lawyers are generally more dependent on clients with whom they repeatedly engage and when they have numerous similar clients. We find, however, that the influence of such dependency on lawyers’ withholding prior art is greater when they have entered the legal profession through a regulatory employment revolving door. Specifically, regulatory experience as a USPTO patent examiner provides patent lawyers with unique insight that enables them to compromise their judgment on behalf of clients on whom they depend. Further, patent lawyers who are associates in their law firms are more inclined than are partners to withhold prior art on behalf of clients with whom they repeatedly engage. Because associates’ employment with their professional service firms is relatively insecure, compromising their professional judgment on behalf of clients with whom they repeatedly engage is more alluring in their efforts to enhance future employment prospects.

Becoming Precarious? Precarious Work and Life Trajectories After Retrenchment

Much of the large literature on precarious work has largely tended to assume that precarity is shaped by job quality: that precarious work leads to precarious lives. This paper adds to the literature by questioning this line of causality and highlighting the broader range of influences shaping the lives of older workers who enter precarious work after retrenchment from secure, long-term careers. Drawing on a study of Australia’s automotive manufacturing industry, which closed in 2017, this article finds that for older retrenched workers, exposure to precarious employment sharpened life precarity for some but did not lead to precarious lives for others. Instead of a uniform transition from security to precarity, these workers’ life trajectories diverged depending on their household-scale financial security. Key issues influencing the likelihood of older workers’ lives becoming precarious were enterprise benefits and asset wealth accumulated through their previous careers.

Presidential campaign of Volodimir Zelensky: Usage of Donald Trump’s experience

Introduction: the article contains the analysis of the unique features of Volodimir Zelensky’s presidential election campaign, the success of which is based on the image of a political leader deliberately built as totally different from the one traditional for the Ukraine’s political elite. Objectives: studying the main political trends in presidential campaigns of Volodimir Zelensky and Donald Trump, to identify common elements of their image-building strategies. Methods: comparative analysis. Results: the study verifies the effectiveness of building the counter-culture image of a political leader in the conditions of high levels of political cynicism and citizens’ distrust to their government. Conclusions: the tactics used by Donald Trump and Volodimir Zelensky during the 2016 US elections and 2019 Ukrainian elections respectively are similar at their core. The difference manifests itself in the types of political images used, as formed with respect to the candidates’ previous careers.

From physiotherapy to the army: negotiating previously developed professional identities in mature medical students.

Professional identity formation, the process of transformation from lay person to doctor, is at the heart of medical education. Medical student cohorts can include students who enter medicine from a previous career, i.e. with developed professional identities and who are usually older and more mature. Students with previously developed professional identities may have specific challenges in negotiating their new 'doctor' identity. This study examined the development of professional identity in mature medical students who had a variety of previous careers prior to entering medical school. A narrative inquiry was undertaken using interviews of mature medical students with backgrounds that included physiotherapy, clinical physiology, public health and nutrition, and the armed forces. A narrative analysis was conducted combining both thematic and structural perspectives using linguistics and positioning theory as interpretive tools. Three main themes emerged that portray the development processes that arise in this cohort as they develop their medical professional identity: holding back aspects of the previous self; foregrounding aspects of the previous self; and developing new aspects towards forming a 'new' self. These themes and their implications are discussed in the context of current literature, highlighting some of the specific challenges that this cohort faces in developing their medical identity. We argue that dedicated faculty and student development be offered, exploring how professional identity formation in mature medical students can be facilitated and supported, so staff and students are better equipped to engage and shape mature students' professional identity in a meaningful way.

Controlling the narrative: on Jane Fonda’s Third Act

ABSTRACTThis article centres on what Fonda herself has called the ‘Third Act’ f her career in her 2006 memoir My Life So Far. After 15 years in retirement, she came back to acting in 2005. I argue that the memoir is a key piece of her makeover, a return to public life and to acting that displays a striking continuity with the key traits that defined her career since the 1960s: sexuality, politics and family; each of which is always engaging with her acting. Each element is given a new twist in her Third Act and the different strategies to achieve such a makeover will be illustrated with examples from three works that were released in the six months between late 2017 and mid-2018, as well as the companion piece to My Life So Far, Susan Lacy’s documentary Jane Fonda in Five Acts, which opened in Cannes in May 2018. Like many roles in her Third Act years, the films and the TV series are full of echoes of her previous career and engage with her persona, sometimes boldly, sometimes movingly. The range of strategies used by Fonda points towards her drive to control the narrative and, ultimately, the meaning of her public persona.

Where the Blessed One Paced Mindfully

Abstract Caṅkrama is mindful locomotion, a notion and practice well developed in classical India. Within the Buddhist tradition, a series of such ambulations performed by the historical Buddha in the wake of his Enlightenment is widely recognized; in Bodhgayā itself, the monument known as Caṅkramaṇa has long commemorated the path he took. The early stupas of Bhārhut and Sāñcī also bear representations of this ambulation path and other noteworthy occurrences. In connection to caṅkrama, a fact that has been neglected until now is that the earliest and largest known freestanding statues of the Buddha made in Kuṣān Mathurā were all made to be installed at the venerated caṅkrama sites in Śrāvastī, Vārāṇasī, and Kauśāmbī. This essay groups these specimens together under the rubric of “caṅkrama type,” and suggests that this new taxonomy can be extended to other early standing statues of Mathurā with similar traits—kapardas, scalloped nimbi, akimbo arms, splayed feet, and so forth. Arguably, the very first appearances of Mathurā's “standing” Buddha-images might be closely related to the cult of caṅkrama, and thus should be factored into the historical transition from the previous aniconic period. The essay also presents a new interpretation of the term bodhisattva as it appears in the dedicatory inscriptions of the caṅkrama types and other early Mathurān statues depicting the Buddha. Here “bodhisattva” can be understood literally, and even symbolically, as equivalent to “image”; that is, the term may signify the representation itself rather than pointing to the Buddha's previous career as a bodhisattva.

Future counselors’ career motivations, perceptions, and aspirations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the career motivations of future counseling professionals. Design/methodology/approach Students completing their Masters of Counseling (n=174) responded to a 30 min survey about their career motivations, counseling career choice satisfaction, planned persistence in the counseling profession and perceptions of the demand and reward structure offered by counseling work. Motivational profiles were educed using hierarchical cluster analysis and compared via MANOVA. Findings Four distinct profiles were identified: “moderately engaged with family values,” “lower engaged,” “altruistic with family values” and “multiply motivated.” Clusters differed in their perceptions of the demand and reward structure offered by a counseling career, and their level of satisfaction with, and planned persistence in the profession. Cluster composition was unrelated to age, gender or pursuit of previous careers. Practical implications Implications for educators pertain to capitalizing on career motivations for different types of entrants, to tailor recruitment and professional preparation. Originality/value The authors add to existing literature by drawing on the theoretical lens of expectancy-value theory in a person-centered approach, to the study of counselor motivations, professional perceptions and career choice satisfaction.

Oscar Wilde's Writing Style in "The Happy Prince" in View of Transitivity Analysis

This study was aimed to discover the types of processes used and how they influence the author’s writing style in Oscar Wilde’s short story entitled “The Happy Prince”. The methodology used in this study was descriptive-qualitative so the analysis was presented in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and utterances. The study focused on discourse analysis employing ideational function approach, which analyzed the short story from the point of view of linguistics especially Transitivity, a theory developed by M. A. K. Halliday. As a result, there were seven types of processes found in the story namely material, mental, behavioral, verbal, relational, existential, and meteorological. The results of the study showed that material process was the most frequently used process (37%) conducted by the author. Yet, the six others were each employed for about 1% - 25%. This indicated that the use of the type of process influenced the writing style of the author in constructing the story where the different process emphasized different portrayal. The use of material process as the most dominant process might reflect the author’s eagerness to do what he cannot do in his real life. However, it was also supported by the author’s previous career and achievement as a journalist, editor, and critic before he wrote the story. Ultimately, the researcher found that Oscar Wilde’s writing style incorporates the vivid descriptions, aesthetic appearance, conversational style, repetitive pattern, simple and clear language.
 
 Keywords: Oscar Wilde; Writing Style; Discourse Analysis; Ideational Meaning; Transitivity

Psychiatry Side Gigs Build Career Skills, Boost Income

Psychiatry side gigs abound for those who want to hone their skills and boost income. Panelists at APA’s Annual Meeting outline important considerations, jobs they’ve tried, and how to land a gig.

Extending the reach and impact of management research: a question of legitimacy

PurposeThe issues associated with the production and dissemination of management research have been widely debated amongst administrators, scholars and policymakers for decades. However, few studies to date have examined this issue at the level of the individual scholar. The purpose of this paper is to view a management scholar’s choice of knowledge dissemination (KD) outlets as a legitimacy judgment embedded in their social structure and community norms.Design/methodology/approachTo explore this, the authors conduct a sequential mixed-methods study. The study uses qualitative methods, including one-on-one interviews (n=29) and five workshops (n=79) with administrators, management scholars, students and external community members (practitioners and policymakers). In addition, the authors analyzed the KD outcomes of 524 management scholars at seven Canadian universities drawn from a stratified sample of business schools.FindingsThe results of the research demonstrate the complex interaction between individual scholar-level factors, including socialization (degree type and practitioner experience) and tenure, and the institutional-level factors, such as strategic orientation and accreditation, and how these influence KD judgments. Specifically, the authors find that institutional factors (such as tenure and promotion) are a central predictor of scholarly KD; in contrast, the authors find that individual-level factors including degree, professional experience and career stage influence non-scholarly KD.Originality/valueThe results suggest that as management scholars face increasing pressure to demonstrate impact beyond academia, it may be more difficult than simply adapting the reward system. Specifically, the authors suggest that administrators and policymakers will have to consider individual factors, including their academic training (including interdisciplinary training), previous practitioner experience and career stage.

Perceptions about turnover in the internal audit activity: an overview of the Brazilian context

Purpose: This paper aims to present and discuss a general overview about the level of turnover through the perception of internal audit professionals in the Brazilian context.
 Methodology: The research was carried out through an applied survey with 140 internal audit professionals, whose counts were collected through LinkedIn. The professionals evaluated mainly work in large organizations, 61.4% are former external auditors who made the career change mainly because their previous career did not have a balance between personal and professional life, and 94% understood that the exchange generated better quality of life.
 Results: A low turnover rate was observed among the participating professionals. Among the main factors related to turnover are the receipt of proposals of work in other organizations for the audit experience, as well as others within the own organization that act. On a scale of 1 to 10 participants define their quality of life as 6.7 and if they say they value the function.
 Contributions of the Study: This paper contributes with the literature advancing the discussion about turnover and quality of life to the branch of internal audit and brings the discussion to the Brazilian context. The work also contributes to the discussion about the change of career from external auditor to internal auditor, with previous work focusing on the turnover of internal audit activity, and those who study turnover in external audit do not assess the fate of professionals, presenting a gap to be fulfilled in theory.

Grit in pharmacy faculty: A pilot analysis focused on productivity measures

IntroductionGrit, a “perseverance and passion for long-term goals,” is an important characteristic that has been linked to success in academics and career endeavors. In pharmacy education, there have been mixed results on grit as a predictor of academic performance in pharmacy students. Furthermore, there have been no studies on the implications of grit in pharmacy faculty. The purpose of this study was to determine pharmacy faculty Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) scores at two universities and whether those scores correlate with faculty productivity. MethodsA 36-item electronic survey was administered to pharmacy faculty members at two institutions. Baseline demographics and self-reported Grit-S scores were obtained. Metrics of productivity in the areas of teaching, scholarship, and service were defined using quantitative measures. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to test if higher Grit-S scores correlated with other variables. ResultsFaculty reported an average Grit-S score of 3.68. There was no significant correlation between Grit-S scores and components of faculty productivity in teaching and service for the previous academic year or career. Higher Grit-S scores had a moderately positive correlation with the number of peer-reviewed publications in 2017. ConclusionGrit-S scores are high among pharmacy faculty and were not correlated with higher productivity in most components of faculty workload.

¿A dónde van los expresidentes latinoamericanos? Salida de la política y trayectorias pospresidenciales en América Latina (1978-2018)

La mayor parte de los estudios sobre trayectorias políticas centran su atención en la entrada o el desarrollo de estas. Los trabajos sobre la salida de la política, en general, y en el caso de los presidentes, en particular, son prácticamente inexistentes. Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar las trayectorias de los expresidentes latinoamericanos a partir de dos estrategias metodológicas: el análisis estadístico y la revisión documental. Para ello, se elabora una clasificación tipológica, reconstruyendo las trayectorias de los expresidentes de dieciocho países latinoamericanos desde las transiciones a la democracia hasta el presente (1978-2018), partiendo de la premisa de que los expresidentes latinoamericanos tienden a seguir su carrera política al dejar el cargo. Si bien hay determinados rasgos objetivables que diferencian a los expresidentes que se desempeñan en el sector público o abandonan la vida pública de aquellos que lo hacen en la esfera privada, esta última no representa un impedimento para seguir teniendo presencia política.

The Life and Career of Matthew O. Howard

The Life and Career of Matthew O. Howard

Transfer from expatriate to local contracts: a multiple case study of an unexpected career transition

ABSTRACT The transfer of company-assigned expatriate employees from balance sheet expatriate contracts to local contracts is an alternative international assignment compensation strategy increasingly adopted by global corporations. Despite its growing popularity, there is a significant lack of research on the impact (both professional and personal) of transferring employees from expatriate to local contracts. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate this emerging international HR trend, with specific focus on exploring the experiences of career transition of company-assigned long-term expatriates (delayed localization) to local contracts at multinational organizations located in Sweden and America. Eight individual cases were analyzed. Findings revealed that localization was an unexpected career transition, a negative type of career shock, characterized by limited support from employers, mentors, and local colleagues. The findings further indicated that localization was a type of career transition rather different from other previous career transitions experienced by participants; it represented a major career and life transition. Based on the findings, we proposed HRD interventions to assist expatriates during the transition from expatriate to local contracts. Areas for future research are also suggested.

GP retention in the UK: a worsening crisis. Findings from a cross-sectional survey

ObjectiveTo investigate how recent national policy-led workforce interventions are affecting intentions to remain working as a general practitioner (GP).DesignOnline questionnaire survey with qualitative and quantitative questions.Setting and participantsAll GPs (1697)...