Preventive Procedure Research Articles

Optimal Corrective Rescheduling for Power System Security*

This paper presents a computational procedure to reschedule generation and power interchanges in an optimal manner. Rescheduling is used as a means for correcting a potentially dangerous operating condition and bringing a vulnerable system into a secure operating state. A linear-programming formulation of the optimal rescheduling problem is developed, and the method is illustrated on a small network example. Rigorous formulation and inclusion of all security- related constraints assures that the solution always represents a secure system. This preventive procedure has a potential for on-line implementation, and is shown to be a natural adjunct of on-line contingency evaluation.

Tracheotomy: complications and late sequelae.

IN THIS paper we understand to mean an operative procedure which opens the trachea across the different layers of the neck midline. The wound heals by secondary intention, and the opening must be maintained by a tracheal tube. Tracheostomy is an operative procedure, and its final result, when the tracheal opening or the tracheal stump is sutured to the skin, provides primary healing and formation of a definitive tracheal fistula. During the last decade tracheotomy has become of great importance as a preventive or curative procedure in many different clinical situations. This report does not deal with the indications for tracheotomy, which have been discussed by many other authors. We will be strictly limited to a discussion of the primary and late sequelae of the tracheotomy. From 1950-1962 1,850 patients have been operated on at the ENT Clinic of the University of Zurich. The last 400 of these are

動圧式測程儀の発信誤差とその対策(日本航海学会第31回講演会)

動圧式測程儀の発信誤差とその対策(日本航海学会第31回講演会)

Use of Submerged Filters

This article discusses the use of a submerged filter at the St. Louis County Water Company's South County Plant. Treatment basin down time required for submerged filter backwashing coincides with the off‐peak operation hours at night. Because the filter beds are not readily accessible during normal backwashing, sufficient prefiltration water treatment should be provided. The amount of floc retained, as measured by initial filter head loss, is the same following each wash, and probably is beneficial in that it prevents floc penetration of the sandbed. Filter beds are skimmed semi‐annually as a preventive maintenance procedure. Backwashing the submerged filter does not cause floc destruction. Filtering to waste after backwashing and before returning the filter to service has not been necessary. Surface washing of the filter would probably cause destruction of the floc washed out of the filter and would thus interfere with this floc settling in the purification basin. Wash water requirements for filter backwashing are in excess of the requirements for conventional filter washing; however, all of the wash water is reclaimed in the purification basin. The submerged filter, serving as the treatment basin takeoff system, has improved treatment basin velocities and sedimentation, and has resulted in a very substantial savings in plant construction costs.

魚類食品におけるボツリヌスE型菌の発育と毒素産生に関する研究-I

Since 1952, the year of first outbreak of botulism in Japan reported by NAKAMURA et al., about twenty cases of the outbreak have been described in the literature by 1956. All these outbreaks have proved to be of TYPE E and have been caused by such fish products infected with Cl, botulinum TYPE E as “IZUSHI” prepared from raw fish. In Europe and America, about ten cases of type E botulism except one have also been caused by fish products. DOLMAN (1950) stated that fish is one of the most possible vehicle for type E botulism. We have undertaken an investigation of the growth and the toxin production of Cl. botulinum TYPE E in fish flesh in order to clearify the outbreaks of type E botulism through the partake of fish products and further to find a preventive procedure for this food. The present report deals with the correlation between the growth and oxidation-reduction potential in fish flesh and the results obtained are as follows. 1. The sterilized media prepared by various kinds of fish, produced a negative potential to offer a suitable condition for the growth of type E spore. 2. In the squid medium, the growth was partially inhibited owing to the positive potential, which seemed to be resulted from the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups by trimethylamine oxide in squid muscle during heat sterilization. 3. Sulfhydryl compounds such as cysteine and thioglycolic acid were rapidly oxidized by trimethylamine oxide at 100°C., but not at 37°C. within one hour. 4. Cl. botulinum TYPE E was able to reduce trimethylamine oxide which was added to the previously sterilized anaerobic medium. 5. In the course of autolysis and putrefaction of fish flesh, the potential fall rapidly to give an anaerobic condition to the type E spore, and then the growth and toxin production was observed.

Care of the deciduous teeth as the basis of occlusion of the permanent dentition

The most important preventive procedure in orthodontics is the maintenance of the full deciduous arch length from the distal surface of the second molar around to that of the opposite side until the teeth are replaced by their successors. The permanent first molar thus is guided in eruption to its normal position contacting the distal surface of the second deciduous molar and should be so retained until all the deciduous teeth are replaced at about the twelfth year. It is the most important of all teeth and must be kept in perpetual health and efficiency. This we recognize as the imperative factor in the development of normal occlusion of the permanent teeth. If the full length of the deciduous arch is not maintained, the permanent first molars almost invariably shift to the mesial, resulting in too little jaw area with crowding and malalignment of the premolars and cuspids as they erupt, and orthodontic treatment thus becomes a necessity. In normal cases the deciduous molars and cuspids provide sufficient anteroposterior jaw length to accommodate their permanent successors. Therefore, horizontal growth in this region is not necessary after the fourth year. In extreme cases of mesial shift of the permanent first molar, extraction of good teeth may become necessary for the attainment of a pleasing result. However, it must be regarded as a compromise. Early treatment is the best safeguard against the need for such a procedure. It should be synchronized with the normal growth of each individual child. In the buccal segments, for the correct alignment of premolars and cuspids, the jaw area should be large enough to receive these teeth in advance of their eruption, and the correct distal position of the permanent first molar assuredly provides for this. Mesial shift should be corrected as soon as detected by moving this molar to its normal distal position. Extra-oral pressure, with headcap or cervical anchorage, is often indicated. In the incisal segment, horizontal jaw growth continues after eruption. While the permanent incisors are considerably wider than their deciduous predecessors, there is some latitude in that growth of jaws forward and downward in this section continues during and after eruption. Should developmental spacing of deciduous incisors be insufficient to provide an adequate area for their eruption in alignment, the tongue and lips in function tend to guide them into alignment as growth of the jaw takes place during the two or three years following eruption, provided there is no mechanical interference, as when teeth are in-locked or in crossbite, or when supernumerary teeth are present. These conditions should be corrected without delay and should take only a short time. The appliances should then be removed and Nature given her opportunity. Quite frequently it will be necessary to align them finally during a secondary period of treatment. Protruding upper incisors should be corrected promptly to protect them against the danger of breakage. Deep overbite, when the lower incisors wound the mucous membrane of the palate, should be corrected promptly. Abnormal labial frenum should receive early treatment by appliance pressure from the distal surfaces of the upper central incisors, the frenum thus being compressed with resultant resorption due to diminished blood supply and impoverished nourishment. Open-bite, almost invariably, is due to harmful pressure habits of biting or sucking the tongue, lips, finger, or thumb. This should be corrected as early as is expedient. Relapse of well-aligned teeth will recur unless the causative habit is permanently broken. Certainly, the most harmful advice that can possibly be given the parent is that orthodontic care should be deferred until all the deciduous teeth have been replaced by their permanent successors at about the twelfth year.

The hernia problem.

IT MAY come as a surprise to learn that according to the United States mortality tables hernia (exclusive of intestinal obstruction) in 1948 is listed as responsible for about 5,000 deaths, a figure which exceeded the death rate for acute appendicitis in that year. Moreover, this total mortality has remained nearly constant for the past two decades, a period during which the mortality from acute appendicitis has been cut sharply to about one-third. These fatalities are, of course, not due to the hernia itself, but to its complications, i. e., strangulation or obstruction, which are readily prevented by an adequate, properly executed operation. Inasmuch as hernia should be readily recognized and effectively repaired with practically no risk, there is really no excuse for the high death rate. One aspect of the problem of hernia, therefore, is the need for a drastic reduction of mortality by the preventive procedure of herniotomy.

The Role of Statistics in Evaluating Community Efforts on Crime Prevention

The term crime prevention as used in this paper suggests not only that research which deals specifically with preventive procedure, but to any other that attempts to lay a foundation for future crime prevention programs, as in the studies of Shaw and Thrasher. For the purpose of this paper, the author will attempt to show by a limited survey of research undertaken in the field of crime prevention, the use made of statistical methodology and its potentialities. It is realized that among all the techniques that are available to statisticians, some are not usually incorporated in the commonplace survey found in the literature.

Low cesarean section and general anesthesia. Preventive procedure for control of bleeding: Cambon: Bull. Soc. d'obst. et de gynéc. 27: 440, 1938

Low cesarean section and general anesthesia. Preventive procedure for control of bleeding: Cambon: Bull. Soc. d'obst. et de gynéc. 27: 440, 1938

Relation of Calcium to Blood Formation.

Previous investigations in this laboratory have shown that young albino rats maintained on a diet deficient in inorganic salts fail to grow normally and develop unique hematological abnormalities, including a marked polycythemia and a concurrent, chronic anemia., Analyses of the diet have demonstrated that it is extremely low in calcium, sodium and chloride, and deficient in potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and possibly iron. Inasmuch as a lack of calcium appeared to be the most serious inorganic deficiency in the ration, a study was made of the hematological effects produced by the addition of this element to the low-ash ration. The effect of calcium was investigated by both the curative and preventive procedures in uniform, vigorous, young male albino rats, selected and cared for as described previously. In the curative procedure, the animals were placed on the basal low-ash ration for an 8-week preliminary period and then were given calcium carbonate at a level of 50 mag. of calcium daily, the amount consumed by comparable normal controls. During the experimental period, the basal low-ash ration was fed in that daily amount ingested by the animal during the final 2 weeks of the preliminary period. In the preventive procedure, the young rats were placed directly on the calcium-supplemented, low-ash ration. The amount of the basal low-ash diet fed was restricted to that daily quantity ingested by unsupplemented controls. Simultaneously, 2 types of control animals were studied for each calcium-supplemented group: (a) unsupplemented controls given the low-salt diet; (b) inanition controls fed the same daily amount of the basal low-ash ration as the unsupplemented controls but containing, in addition, the quantity of salt mixture ingested daily by normal animals of the same weight. Adequate amounts of the vitamins were supplied daily to all animals in equal quantities.