Prevention Mechanism Research Articles

How Deep Learning Techniques Can Combat Money Laundering by Organized Crime Groups in South Asia’s Banking Channels

Money laundering poses a significant threat to the economic stability andsecurity of nations, particularly in regions like South Asia. The evolving nature of money laundering demands advanced technologies to enhance detection and prevention mechanisms. One such advanced technology is deep learning, which has the ability to analyze vast datasets, identify patterns, and adapt to evolving financial crime tactics. This article explores the increasing use of deep learning as a powerful tool in the fight against money laundering orchestrated by organized crime groups in South Asia and addresses the primary challenges associated with employing deep learning techniques for combating money laundering. This article contributes to the discourse on enhancing anti-money laundering efforts in the South Asia region by proposing the adoption of cutting-edge deep learning methodologies within banking institutions to mitigate the threat posed by organized crime groups engaged in illicit financial activities.

Current Advances in Flame-Retardant Performance of Tunnel Intumescent Fireproof Coatings: A Review

As building safety standards keep escalating, research on intumescent fireproof coatings has garnered growing attention. Among them, tunnels, with their enclosed configuration and relatively high accident occurrence rate, impose higher demands on the environmental friendliness, durability, and thermal stability of fireproof coatings. At present, intumescent fireproof coatings have been extensively applied in tunnels; however, a comprehensive and in-depth overview of intumescent fireproof coatings and their application in tunnels is still lacking. This paper summarizes the fire prevention mechanism of intumescent fireproof coatings, the intumescent fireproof system, the impact of functional fillers on the fire resistance performance of intumescent fireproof coatings, and the application of intumescent fireproof coatings in tunnels. Additionally, we present the synergistic effect of the combined use of different functional fillers. Finally, some key challenges regarding the use of intumescent fireproof coatings in tunnel environments are put forward, along with prospects and opportunities.

Coupled Electric‐Thermal Damage Model for Lightning Strikes on Buried Pipeline

ABSTRACTA coupled electrothermal damage theory model for pipelines is proposed to assess the failure behavior of buried pipelines under lightning strikes. This article considers local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) conditions in the soil–water porous medium and the nonlinear characteristics of lightning functions. The calculation results show that the proposed theoretical model has better applicability and accuracy compared with previous models. Parametric analysis shows that under lightning conditions of Im = 20 kA and T1/T2 = 1.2/50 μs, the maximum local temperature of the soil around the pipeline can reach 2160 K, leading to pipeline breakdown. Metal pipelines are shown to be more effective in conducting charges, which alters the electric field distribution in the soil and impacts the formation of plasma channels. The half‐peak value of the lightning waveform has a significant impact on pipeline breakdown, and its increase will increase the risk of pipeline breakdown gradually. When considering LTNE conditions, the change in the pipeline surface temperature becomes more pronounced. Under 8/30 and 8/40 μs lightning waveforms, the pipeline surface temperature is approximately 150 and 550 K higher, respectively, compared with the thermal equilibrium conditions. The thermal conductivity and porosity of backfill soil can also affect the thermal damage of lightning‐struck pipelines. With clay filling, the highest pipeline surface temperature can reach 2590 K, while with fine sand and coarse sand, it is 1980 and 1510 K, respectively. The pipeline lightning disaster model proposed in this article has engineering significance for the investigation of pipeline lightning failure and disaster prevention mechanisms.

Sustainability of Infrastructure Development in Indonesia: A Legal Analysis of Price Adjustments in Construction Contracts

This study examines the mechanism of price adjustments in construction contracts in Indonesia from philosophical, juridical, and practical perspectives. The background of this issue stems from fluctuations in construction material prices, which often threaten the sustainability of infrastructure projects. To address this issue, this study aims to analyze the philosophical foundations and legal doctrines underlying the price adjustment mechanism, evaluate the regulatory framework in Indonesia, and formulate recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of dispute prevention and resolution mechanisms. Employing a juridical-normative research method, this study analyzes the principle of contractual fairness and the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus as the foundation for price adjustments. The results show that Law Number 2 of 2017, Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018, and their implementing regulations have regulated the mechanism of price adjustments; however, their implementation still faces obstacles in the form of administrative complexity and transaction costs. To increase the effectiveness of this mechanism, the standardization of price adjustment clauses referring to international best practices, such as the FIDIC contract standards, is needed. In addition, optimization of a digital technology-based price information system, capacity building for stakeholders, and development of effective dispute resolution mechanisms, mainly through arbitration, are necessary. In conclusion, this study affirms that harmonising philosophical foundations, legal doctrines, adaptive regulations, and effective dispute prevention and resolution mechanisms is the key to optimizing price adjustments in construction contracts to support the investment climate and sustainable infrastructure development in Indonesia.

Fighting the plague in the Crown of Aragon (mid-fourteenth to early sixteenth centuries)

ABSTRACT This article seeks to identify possible drivers explaining the evolution of the measures adopted by the municipal governments of the late medieval Crown of Aragon to fight the plague, from the Black Death (1347–1351) to the outbreaks of the early sixteenth century. After reviewing the sequence of strategies, from ritual actions to more pragmatic mechanisms especially focused on the mobility of people and goods, it analyses evidence concerning the perception of diseases by municipal representatives, irrespective of the influence of medical experts. It then examines other preconditions for the development of preventive and prophylactic mechanisms to cope with contagion, as well as addressing the extent to which disruptive events could trigger changes in specific political landscapes. These patterns are observed in relation to models of urban management of epidemics in the western Mediterranean region, a theme that deserves further research.

What drives farmers' behavior under climate change? Decoding risk awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptive capacity in northern Italy.

Understanding climate change in a precise and timely manner may assist in gauging the occurrence and seriousness of its impacts, thereby boosting the adaptive capacity and responsiveness of farmers. This investigation looks into farmers' knowledge of climate change, their perception of risks and impacts, and the strategies they anticipate to tackle the challenges of adaptation. A well-structured online survey covering risk awareness, perception, and adaptation was used to randomly sample 460 respondents from 12 irrigation districts in northern Italy. Descriptive and multivariate statistics, including structural equation modeling, were employed to outline the profiles of farmers, explore the drivers shaping their behavior, and disentangle the magnitude and direction underpinning their adaptive capacity. Findings revealed that farmers recognize changes in climate and perceive its variability and effects, such as rising temperatures, extreme heat events, and irregular precipitation. Farmers blend adaptive measures, including climate services and insurance, with preventive mechanisms like reducing fertilizer use, rotating and diversifying crops, and introducing soil conservation techniques. However, they encounter obstacles such as poor government assistance, expensive investments and overlay intricate regulations. Regarding decision-making processes, the structural model demonstrated that 1) recognizing climate change can sensibly predict alterations in farmers' behavior concerning climate impacts while 2) there is a lack of correlation between perceiving risks and implementing risk adaptation measures. Interestingly, factors such as farming experience, farm size, area under irrigation, and primary crop type significantly influence how risks are perceived and what measures are adopted. In light of these results, we offer guidance for upcoming research.

Corrosion prevention performance and mechanism of slow-release molecules in micro-nano insulating coatings for ultra-high voltage direct current transmission towers

Corrosion prevention performance and mechanism of slow-release molecules in micro-nano insulating coatings for ultra-high voltage direct current transmission towers

Comprehensive Evaluation and Dynamic Evolution Characteristics of Tourism Ecological Security Using the DPSIR-DS Model in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is positioned as the main battlefield of ecological priority and green development in China. It is of great significance to dynamically grasp the situation of tourism ecological security in YREB for promoting the green and high-quality development of regional tourism. Aiming at the disadvantage of either-or in evaluation research, this study established the index system based on the inter-period DPSIR framework, designed an integrated assessment model combining the entropy method, the membership function, and the D-S evidence theory model to assess the tourism ecological security level from the perspective of probability value, then revealed its spatiotemporal dynamics characteristics. Results showed that: (1) the regional security level is in a good trend of weakening fluctuations and stable improvement, in which the upstream and downstream improvement is more significant, but still at a lower level in general. (2) The security levels of the 11 areas included were all located at Risk level to Relative Security level with significant differences, including Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, and Chongqing were the key ecological nodes for tourism ecological security improvement. (3) The transitions among security levels were frequent, while the higher levels were relatively unstable, implying that the tourism ecology has not improved in essence. Finally, strategic suggestions for improving tourism ecological security are proposed in terms of building joint prevention and control mechanisms, clarifying risk factors, and innovating protection paths.

Cloud Computing: Detection and Prevention of DDos Attacks Influencing the Adoption of Cloud Computing to the Small and Medium Enterprises in the Sri Lankan Business Context

Abstract: Cloud computing can be categorized as one of the most exciting technologies available due to the flexibility and the low-cost adaptability for the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). There are many advantages of moving SMEs to cloud such as business reputation, enhancing of the SMEs are some of them, but SMEs are slow to adopt them due to privacy concerns, security concerns and lack of cyber security knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to identify the Distributed Denial of Service attacks which is affecting the Sri Lankan SMEs when adopting to the cloud computing. This paper discusses about the three detection and prevention mechanism of the DDoS attacks it includes Pall Based detection, flow-based detection and Anomalies and frequency-based detection methods. Moreover, prevention mechanisms include preventing using machine learning, preventing using Neural Network and Deep Learning. Further this paper discuss why Sri Lanka is far behind the technology and what are the main factors affect for the SMEs face when adopting to the clod environment. Further this paper elaborates the impacts, latest tools, and technologies available for mitigation, data security and privacy concerns, legal issues, and standards available for the SMEs when adopting to the cloud environment.

Deposition of layers of ethanolic extract of waste pineapple crown on mild steel through drop casting and examination of their corrosion behavior

Corrosion causes serious damage to the metals and decreases their usefulness as well as economic values. Inhibitors are generally used to control corrosion of metals. However, synthetic inhibitors are being used in limited conditions due to environment and cost concerns. The waste natural materials (WNM) have become the preference choice of the scientists for corrosion prevention applications. A WNM provide a cost effective, efficient, and economic solution of corrosion of metals. The present work examines the effectiveness of a WNM, pineapple crown (PC), against the mild steel (MS) corrosion in 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl). PC has been extracted into ethanol (EEPC) and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy (FS) and UV-visible spectroscopy (US). The EEPC layers (1-3) are coated on MS through drop casting using simple set-up, and coated MS has been tested for corrosion prevention by open circuit potential (OCP), Tafel polarization curves (TC), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results have confirmed that EEPC layers significantly prevent MS in NaCl. However, the best performance is obtained for 2 layers of EEPC (80%, TC). The surface images are clicked by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which shows that EEPC has covered most of the places on the MS surface after coating and effectively protected MS in NaCl. The similar observations are recorded with atomic force microscope (AFM). Based on the overall results, a mechanism for corrosion prevention has also been introduced.

Factors Associated with the Time to First Intimate Partner Violence Experience Among Males In Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

The duration of the first occurrence of intimate partner violence within an intimate relationship varies from one victim to another due to several factors. However, few studies have explored the issue, especially among male victims and yet this is key to designing preventive mechanisms. Therefore this study sought to identify the factors associated with the timing to first experience of intimate partner violence by male victims. The study used secondary data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. Data analysis was done using Pearson’s chisquare test and multilevel ordered logistic regression model. The duration to first intimate partner violence for the highest proportion of males in Uganda was 0-2 years (51.9%). The younger a male was, the shorter the duration to their first intimate partner violence experience. Still, males who had resided in rural areas had a longer time to first intimate partner violence experience. There is a need to raise awareness alongside other interventions among the people, especially the youth and urban dwellers about IPV and the negative social, economic, physical, and psychological outcomes that are associated with it.

სოციალური მედია და თანამედროვე საზოგადოება

Without social media, the life of a modern person has become practically unimaginable. Applications such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Site X (formerly Twitter), TikTok are used by billions of people worldwide, and this statistic is constantly growing. Social media platforms are functionally used for many purposes, including communication, receiving and spreading information, self-expression, entertainment, as well as a tool of information warfare, etc. Considering its growing popularity, it is necessary to study the impact of social media on modern society, its benefits, Challenges and risks. This article discusses the nature of social networks, history of origin and development, negative and positive aspects of social media, its impact on the process of communication between people, democracy, social life, human psyche, behavior, etc. The article analyzes how the life of modern society has changed to a new one. In digital reality, existing problems related to the issue are identified, ways to solve them, prevention mechanisms and development perspectives are established. In the era of globalization and hybrid threats, reducing the public's vulnerability to information warfare tools and raising the awareness of Internet users is especially important.

Bottleneck Problems and Countermeasures in Operation and Maintenance of Non-Point Source Pollution Ecological Treatment Projects in China

At present, non-point source pollution (NPSP) has overtaken point source as the most important source of water pollution in China. Ecological treatment projects (ETP) suitable for non-point source pollution have been widely recommended. However, China’s NPSP prevention system has not yet taken shape, the implementation and management levels are disorganized, and the long-term management and protection of NPSP-ETP remains an urgent problem. This paper focuses on the practical problems encountered in the promotion of ETP in China, and ways to solve these problems in the operation and maintenance process. First, problems encountered in the practice of NPSP-ETP in China are summarized as being caused by a lack of systematic regulation on operation and maintenance. Following this, promising countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed, including establishing an ecological treatment technology system, improving the technology selection assessment system, improving the assessment method in project operation, and establishing a systematic operation and maintenance process. Finally, a novel theory of Monitoring-Assessment-Repair (MAR) for ETP is proposed to solve the systematic bottlenecks in engineering operation and maintenance. Furthermore, the problem of clogging in infrastructure is discussed in detail, to illustrate the concrete operation of MAR theory. Overall, this study clarifies the issues in favor of a long-term mechanism of NPSP prevention in and beyond China.

Studying Impacts of Urban Impermeability on Fear of Crime Using the Space Syntax Method; the Kuruçeşme Neighborhood as the Case Study

The complex relationship between crime and urban permeability is evident in the models of CPTED. Access restriction has been considered as a design strategy to reduce crime rates. The present study investigates the impact of impermeability on fear of crime in Kuruçeşme, a historic neighborhood in Bursa. Space Syntax is applied to evaluate the configurational relationship between the neighborhood and the city through correlation analysis of connectivity (local) and integration (global) measures. By choosing the least correlated segments in the scatter plot diagram, two incompatible areas are identified: areas with “excessive permeability” (locally permeable with low global accessibility) and areas with “severe impermeable” (globally accessible with low local permeability). These areas are assessed through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, allowing inhabitants to express their thoughts about and experiences of the fear of victimization. The findings reveal that physical cues perceived as signs of danger are different in public areas characterized with excessive permeability or severe impermeability. The former suffers from a lack of “natural surveillance” and physical disorders, while the latter engenders extreme “territoriality”, resulting in social incivilities. The research underscores that urban impermeability heightens the fear of victimization by changing the configurational features of a neighborhood and manipulating mechanisms of crime prevention.

Research on the Impact Effects of the Thermal Power Industry and Other High-Haze-Pollution Industries on the Atmospheric Environment

As industrialization accelerates, China’s industrial development pace has been rapidly increasing. However, this growth has been accompanied by an increase in high-pollution and high-emission industries, leading to the release of a significant amount of air pollutants and exacerbating haze pollution nationwide. This article utilizes the spatial dynamic Durbin model and panel threshold regression model to analyze the impact of the thermal power industry and other high-haze-pollution industries on atmospheric environmental quality. The results indicate a negative correlation between the thermal power industry and other high-haze pollution industries and atmospheric environmental quality. There is a spatial spillover effect of the thermal power industry and other high-haze-pollution industries on air pollution. Environmental regulations have a single-threshold characteristic in their impact on atmospheric quality in the thermal power industry and other high-haze-pollution industries, as does green technology innovation. Additionally, cumulative rainfall has a significant single-threshold effect on the atmospheric environmental quality in regions with the thermal power industry and other high-haze-pollution industries. The article suggests policies for severely polluted areas, including reducing high-haze-pollution enterprises, optimizing industrial structures rationally, strengthening regional cooperation, enhancing regional haze pollution prevention and control coordination mechanisms, increasing the intensity of environmental regulations, utilizing the threshold effect of environmental regulations, promoting green technological innovation and application in heavily polluted areas, and exploring options to improve air pollution through increased rainfall. These recommendations aim to provide reference points for China to further optimize its industrial structure and comprehensively manage haze pollution.

Механизмы разрешения конфликтов в системе взаимодействий политических картин мира

Modern political reality is like an unregulated crossroads where even unspoken norms are no longer respected. This situation leads to difficulties in understanding each other by political actors. The rules of the game become dependent on the initial subjective attitudes and political pictures of the world of political decision-makers. The system of interactions of political pictures of the world is increasingly acquiring a conflict character. Under such conditions, the interpretation and forecasting of political events and situations becomes a difficult task. The issue of formation of scientifically based mechanisms for resolving conflict interactions of political pictures of the world becomes topical. The author analyses such models of interactions from the position of the theory of action and the theory of communicative action. The mechanisms of conflict prevention of political pictures of the world are embodied in a variety of interactive actions manifested in the activities of political institutions. The models of such compensatory interactions are strategic, normative and communicative actions of actors of political pictures of the world.

Identification and antagonistic bacterium screening of the pathogen causing peach bacterial leaf spot in Hebei Province, China

AbstractPeach leaf diseases have detrimental effects on the healthy growth of peach worldwide. In Hebei Province, China, the prevalence of peach leaf diseases has been progressively increasing, imposing a serious threat to the industry's healthy development and causing various economic losses. This study identified Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni as the pathogen of peach bacterial leaf spot in Hebei Province. Bacillus methylotrophicus strain MCTR‐5 was identified as an effective antagonistic bacterium against X. arboricola pv. pruni. Notably, 80% ethylicin and 0.3% tetramycin displayed a robust inhibitory effect on X. arboricola pv. pruni. These findings present a novel approach to controlling peach bacterial leaf spot in Hebei Province, serving as the groundwork for developing a green prevention and control mechanism for commercial peach orchards.

Some questions regarding countering domestic violence among the population of Ukraine under the legal regime of martial law

In the context of the military conflict between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, there has been an increase in cases of domestic violence, driven by a range of social and psychological factors. The war significantly impacts societal stability, raising stress levels, emotional, and psychological tension among the population, which, in turn, contributes to the escalation of violence within families. Given these circumstances, the issue of combating domestic violence has become particularly urgent. Under current Ukrainian legislation, domestic violence is subject to both administrative and criminal liability; however, there is a need for updates and improvements to the legislative framework, as well as the development of new mechanisms for prevention and legal intervention to more effectively address this issue. The research results indicate that the dynamics of domestic violence in the context of war demonstrate its spread and changes in the forms and targets of violence, which affect women, men, children, as well as familial and close relationships. These changes require attention from both the state and society, as domestic violence poses a serious threat to the social health of the nation. The conclusions of the study confirm that domestic violence is an act of unlawful behavior, with a tendency to increase in Ukraine, and its nature is determined by both individual factors (psychological, physical, economic) and general sociolect-economic conditions. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the war has introduced new factors that contribute to domestic violence. This calls for the improvement of existing counteraction mechanisms, the strengthening of preventive measures, and the development of effective strategies for protecting victims. The results of the study confirm the need to activate cooperation between state authorities, human rights organizations, and civil society groups in the fight against domestic violence, as well as to ensure adequate legal protection for victims during this difficult period.

Impact of major emergencies on zero hunger, achieving food security, and improving nutrition

IntroductionFood security is a common livelihood issue that has received much attention from countries all over the world. Thus, researching the impact of COVID-19 on eradicating hunger, achieving food security, and improving nutrition can provide experiences for effectively responding to future emergencies that may affect food security.Research and methodsPrevious studies on the impact of COVID-19 on food security are less concerned with its impact on improving nutrition, therefore, this paper opens the black box of the process of eliminating hunger, reaching food security and improving nutrition, and divides it into the agricultural production sub-stage and the elimination of hunger and improvement of nutritional sustainability sub-stage. On the other hand, most of the past studies are based on impact pathway analysis only, and lack the assessment of the degree of impact from a quantitative perspective. Therefore, this paper takes the data of 29 provinces in China from 2016 to 2020 as the object of the study to measure their total and sub-stage efficiencies in the process of eradicating hunger, reaching food security, and improving nutrition, and to explore the characteristics of their spatial distributions. Meanwhile, the focus is concentrated on the 2019–2020 window to explore the impact of COVID-19.Result and discussionBased on research findings, this paper puts forward policy recommendations such as establishing a sound natural disaster prevention and control mechanism and accelerating agricultural technological innovation in order to better reduce the negative impact of food security emergencies in the future.

Advanced Detection and Prevention of SQL Injection Attacks Using Machine Learning Techniques for Enhanced Web Security

In this paper the SQL injection attacks (SQLIAs) continue to pose significant threats to web applications, exploiting vulnerabilities in poorly secured databases. Traditional detection and prevention mechanisms often struggle to adapt to the evolving techniques employed by attackers. This paper presents an advanced framework for detecting and preventing SQL injection attacks using machine learning techniques to enhance web security. The proposed system employs a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning models to analyze query patterns, identify anomalies, and classify malicious inputs in real time. Our methodology involves preprocessing web application traffic, feature extraction from SQL queries, and model training using labeled datasets. Various algorithms, including decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks, were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in detecting SQLIAs. The results demonstrate that machine learning-based approaches can significantly improve the detection and prevention of SQL injection attacks compared to traditional rule-based methods. This study also highlights the importance of continuous learning and adaptation in cyber security frameworks. The proposed solution provides a robust and scalable tool for enhancing web application security, paving the way for further research into the integration of artificial intelligence in cyber security.