Preventive Maintenance Program Research Articles

Can Deterioration of Water‐System Facilities Be Controlled?

A well‐designed program of preventive maintenance is important in the efficient functioning of a water Utility. Principles and techniques for such a program are outlined with an emphasis on the cost savings of a corrosion‐control program. The method used by one Utility for determining cost‐benefit ratios is discussed.

Preventive maintenance program at Lutheran Hospital of Maryland.

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The hospital instrumentation department: delivering clinical engineering services to the hospital community.

Scientific and Medical Instrumentation Center Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203 Dr. Seymour Ben-Zvi is the Director of the Scientific and Medical Instrumentation Center at the State University of New York's Down-state Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York. His department of engineers and technicians provides many technical services for the Medical Center and has as its main concern the safety and effectiveness of medical instrumentation. Dr. Ben-Zvi is also involved with medical instrumentation safety in an active role with many professional societies. He is on the Board of Directors of AAMI and is on the UL User Advisory Committee for Medical and Dental Products. He is also a member of the IEEE, the Instrument Society of America, the Hospital Section of the National Safety Council, the New York Academy of Sciences, the American Society for Hospital Engineering, and the American and New York Heart Association. He is also an active member of the American National Standards Institute's Committee MD-10S, on Medical Electronics Equipment. He is on the editorial boards of Health Devices and the Newsletter of Biomedical Safety and Standards. A Certified' Clinical Engineer, Dr. Ben-Zvi is a leading proponent of the idea of a hospital instrumentation department. He has published several papers and has lectured extensively in this field. Dr. Ben-Zvi is a member of Eta Kappa Nu and Tau Beta Pi. Wallace Gottlieb is a Clinical Engineer on the staff of the Scientific and Medical Instrumentation Center at the Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York. As a senior member of this hospital instrumentation department, he has been involved in a variety of activities, including evaluation of medical devices, initial checkout of newly purchased equipment, design and development of specialized devices, and education and consultation to the medical staff. Mr. Gottlieb has been active in the department's preventive maintenance program. He was instrumental in the establishment of the program and is also coordinating the preparation of formal preventive maintenance procedures. Mr. Gottlieb is a Certified Clinical Engineer and is a member of Eta Kappa Nu.

Flushing Program Is Vital To Distribution System Quality

A comprehensive preventive maintenance program for a water distribution system should include a thorough flushing program. Distribution system cleanliness permits the continued delivery of high quality water and reduces consumer complaints. The program used by the Arden Park Vista Water Maintenance District of Northern California is discussed.

CONTROLLING THE ELECTROCUTION HAZARD IN THE HOSPITAL

The hospitalized patient is in jeopardy from the electrical devices that surround or are attached to him. He is at a special risk because he is frequently grounded by monitoring devices and his protective skin barrier breached. Poorly designed electrical devices and inadequate or improper grounding of the hospital electrical system or of the equipment add to his danger. The adoption of the following steps will reduce this hazard: (1) Never ground the patient; ground everything else. (2) The building wiring and electrical supply, especially its grounding system should be brought up to modern standards. (3) All new electrical equipment should be evaluated for safety and tested before use. (4) An ongoing electrical preventive maintenance program should be established. Isolation power supplies (safe power centers) have been proposed to reduce or eliminate these hazards but are not recommended.

Controlling the Electrocution Hazard in the Hospital

The hospitalized patient is in jeopardy from the electrical devices that surround or are attached to him. He is at a special risk because he is frequently grounded by monitoring devices and his protective skin barrier breached. Poorly designed electrical devices and inadequate or improper grounding of the hospital electrical system or of the equipment add to his danger. The adoption of the following steps will reduce this hazard: (1) Never ground the patient; ground everything else. (2) The building wiring and electrical supply, especially its grounding system should be brought up to modern standards. (3) All new electrical equipment should be evaluated for safety and tested before use. (4) An ongoing electrical preventive maintenance program should be established. Isolation power supplies (safe power centers) have been proposed to reduce or eliminate these hazards but are not recommended.

Champ: the cranfield hybrid automatic maintenance program

A preventive maintenance program for a hybrid computer complex is described which makes operational and static accuracy checks. Interfaces, logic elements and analogue elements are tested by sets of individual routines. Considerable time saving is achieved by automatic testing depending on the complexity of the test. An improvement in m.t.b.f. has been observed.

Transmission Improvements in Two-Wire Switching Systems

Customer distant dialing without operator intervention is predicated on rapid dependable switching and high-quality transmission with minimum contrast from call to call. It is, therefore, mandatory that each incremental unit in each built-up connection follow the best and latest design practice and be subjected to a rigid preventive maintenance program. This paper will discuss some recent changes in two-wire switching circuits to obtain improvements in transmission following the basic guidelines of the Notes on Distance Dialing (Blue Book, AT&T) and bulletins released by the various United States Independent Telephone Association (USITA) committees.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

California's East Bay Municipal Utility District has instituted a preventive maintenance program to realize its goal of safe, uninterrupted, efficient service at lower cost.

Planned Replacement: Some Theory and its Application

Two basic methods of planning replacements in a program of preventive maintenance are described: (1) age replacement and (2) block replacement. The objective is to provide an introduction to some of the basic concepts of probability theory as they can b..

Fire Protection for Hydraulic Pumping Installations

Abstract A comprehensive study was conducted to determine the possible causes of fires in hydraulic pumping installations possible causes of fires in hydraulic pumping installations and to devise a system that would reduce fire hazards to an economic minimum. The study confirmed that the operating temperature of gas engines is sufficient to ignite a power oil leak spraying on the engine. The system devised for reducing fires uses a shroud for deflecting leaking oil away from the gas engine, detectors to shut down the system in the event of a leak and piping designed to decrease the possibility of leaks. The system has been applied in the Rocky Mountain area at a cost of approximately $700 per power oil pump. The report gives the reasons for selecting this system and evaluates some of the steps taken. Introduction On June 15, 1966, at the Shell Oil Co. Rocky Mountain Div.'s Cabin Creek, Section 8, Hydraulic Pumping Installation, a fire resulted in equipment damages of $86,000 plus the value of deferred production. Two other fires had occurred at similar installations. As a result, a comprehensive study was made to determine the possible causes, and to develop a system to minimize these fire hazards. Discussion General Before the project was begun, danger of fires connected with hydraulic pumping had been recognized, and preventive measures had been taken. The general approach was preventive measures had been taken. The general approach was as follows:To minimize the probability of oil leaks by selecting proper equipment, design, and installation, and by using proper equipment, design, and installation, and by using scheduled preventive maintenance and inspection of equipment.To minimize the ignition sources by equipping all gas engine powered pumps with low-tension shielded magneto systems, water-cooled exhaust manifolds and spark arrestors.To disperse and space facilities at all new installations in order to reduce possible ignition sources for any given leak, and to reduce the potential damage from any fire that should occur.To limit use of instrumentation such as high-low hydraulic pressure automatic shut-down and engine protective shut-down devices for low oil pressure or high coolant protective shut-down devices for low oil pressure or high coolant temperature.To install remote safety shut-down switches and valves to be operated in case of fire. These basic principles are still used and are an integral part of the fire protection system. In addition to these part of the fire protection system. In addition to these principles, certain specific practices are employed. principles, certain specific practices are employed. Housekeeping Oil spillage and leaks should not be allowed to accumulate. The triplex pump foundation should be approximately 12 in. above grade and the surrounding area should be filled with 6 in. of scoria or gravel. When ruts or dirt movement restrict good drainage, the ground around the pumps should be graded. pumps should be graded. Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Preventive Maintenance and InspectionThrough a program of preventive maintenance, the hydraulic installations will be kept in better condition and fewer failures will result. The following recommendations should be followed:The flexible high pressure hoses to the high discharge pressure safety switch should be replaced at least every 2 years.All safety shut-down switches should be checked monthly for proper operation.A qualified pump mechanic should inspect yearly the pump and discharge connection sweep and should pressure pump and discharge connection sweep and should pressure test the sweep and pump at rated pressure.The power oil manifolds should be inspected yearly by an authorized factory representative as well as by the foreman.Each pumping installation should be inspected twice a year by the division safety representative and the production foreman. At this time, gas engines should be production foreman. At this time, gas engines should be inspected carefully to determine if the safety specifications are fully met. Also, the safety switches and relief valves should be checked and any unusual vibrations corrected. Distances All equipment should be spread out as much as practical and low spots should be avoided. The layout should consider the terrain, prevailing winds and good drainage. Power oil pumps should be placed about 300 ft from treaters and manifolds. JPT P. 945

A Preventive Maintenance Program for Hydroelectric Generator Windings

This paper describes a program for the preventive maintenance of hydroelectric generator windings. The program has been developed strictly from the operator's viewpoint. It is intended to provide a practical means of determining the condition and reliability of the winding insulation, and in addition, reveal maintenance techniques necessary to lengthen the winding life and to assure reliable operation from one test and maintenance period to another.

Electrified Offshore Drilling and Production Facilities on Island Esther

The value of offshore oil reservoirs relatively close to large onshore refineries is becoming increasingly important as onshore oilfields become depleted. This paper describes the electrical supporting facilities for Standard Oil Company of California's man-made, rock-filled drilling island located one and one-half miles off the Southern California Coast in 38 feet of water. Installation of electrical equipment and submarine cable are described. Capital expenditure and costs of power consumption and electric drilling are developed. Finally, the need for an adequate preventive maintenance program due to the corrosive marine atmosphere is demonstrated, and a sample chart of routine maintenance attached.

Arc furnace steel production, Kansas City Works-Armco Steel Corp.

In this paper we have reviewed some of the factors which, in our experience, influence production rates and production costs of electric furnace operations. We have not mentioned many of the things that any steel producing shop must do. A sound electric and mechanical preventive maintenance program is certainly an important factor in the operation of an electric furnace. An excellent paper on preventive maintenance in an electric furnace shop was presented in the Association of Iron and Steel Engineers’ 1962 Western Section Meeting by Dennis Miner, Supt. of Mechanical and Electrical Departments for Bethlehem Steel Corp., Seattle, Wash.4

Preventive Maintenance for Hospitals: #1: Setting up a Preventive Maintenance Program

Preventive Maintenance for Hospitals: #1: Setting up a Preventive Maintenance Program

Preventive Maintenance Program at Dallas

This article discusses the preventive‐maintenance procedures at the Dallas City Water Works, Dallas, Texas, that were developed from the system used at the sewage treatment plant.

Economics of Gas Engines for Pumping

The first objective of this article was to discuss the electric motor and the gas engine, and to determine which is the more economical. The article's second objective was to outline the principles governing the economical operation of gas engines. The article discusses the fundamental reasons for a gas engine's ability to drive water pumps under conditions of fluctuating load with less power. This ability, combined with its use of advantageously priced energy, will result in lower overall operating costs than are possible with electric motors in comparable service. The article concludes that careful attention to the details of selecting and installing a gas engine, and subsequent implementation of a well designed preventive maintenance program, will mean operational savings in the long run.

Overvoltage Protection and Maintenance Testing of A-C Rotating Machines

Rotating machines supplied directly from utility distribution systems are subjected to various overvoltages. Depending on the power system in question, these overvoltages may or may not be hazardous to machine insulation. The magnitude of the overvoltages, whether of internal or external origin, can be limited by the protective devices commonly used for machine protection. An operator must satisfy himself, however, that the insulation in question has sufficient strength to be protected by these devices. This determination of insulation strength is readily accomplished by means of nondestructive direct high-voltage tests. How these tests are made has been discussed in considerable detail for the bene fit of those contemplating the incorporation of such tests in a preventive maintenance program.

Field Control of Oil-Field Pumping Equipment

Abstract The conditions faced by an oil producer in accomplishing continuous operation of surface pumping equipment without frequent attendance are outlined. The construction and application of devices to perform routine services on oil-well pumping equipment are described, and particular attention is directed toward eliminating the services which ordinarily must be performed at frequent intervals. The need for a preventive maintenance program is outlined and the instruments and tools which may be used in such a program are explained. Certain devices for use at problem wells are discussed, and the value of operating procedures which consider routine service, preventive maintenance, and corrective measures is indicated.