Prevention Attitudes Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diarrhoea, Home Management and Prevention among Mothers/Care-Givers Attending a Paediatric Outpatient Clinic in Rivers State, Nigeria

Introduction: Diarrhoea is a major contributor to under-five morbidity and mortality. A good knowledge of the disease and caregivers’ ability to commence appropriate treatment at home is key in reducing childhood mortality. Aim: To assess caregivers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of diarrhoea home management and prevention in a paediatric outpatient clinic in Nigeria. Method: The study took place in the paediatric outpatient clinic of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect data on biodata, knowledge, attitude and practice of diarrhoea home treatment and prevention from mothers/caregivers. Each question answered correctly was awarded a mark. The participants were grouped into having good, fair and poor knowledge, attitude and practice based on their scores. Results: Overall, 69.7% of the participants had good attitude while only 31.1% and 34.8% had good knowledge and practice of diarrhoea home management. Majority of the participants (83.3%) correctly defined diarrhoea and knew that diarrhoeal illness could have complications (90.3%), but only few knew the signs of dehydration (34.2%) and identified danger signs of diarrhoea (22.4%). About 43% commenced treatment at home when their children had diarrhoea but only 14% gave the right treatment. The caregivers age, parity and educational level were significantly associated with good knowledge and attitude, while socioeconomic class of the mothers/caregivers was associated with good practice of diarrhoea home management and prevention. Conclusion: Mothers/caregivers’ knowledge and practice of home management/prevention of diarrhoeal disease was suboptimal. Health workers and community educators therefore need to do more to improve the narrative. Keywords: Diarrhoea, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Mothers/caregivers, Home management, Prevention, Nigeria

Are we aware of stroke risk factors and warning signs amid COVID-19? Knowledge and attitude towards risk-factors, signs and symptoms of stroke among the UAE population during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Background: Despite significant advancements in healthcare, the burden of stroke continues to rise in the developed world, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Association between COVID-19 infection and stroke is well established. Factors identified for the delay in presentation and management include a lack of awareness regarding stroke. We aimed to assess the general public knowledge and attitudes on stroke and stroke risk factors in the United Arab Emirates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022 among adults ≥18 years old. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and stroke knowledge and attitudes. Knowledge and attitude scores were calculated based on the number of correct responses. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors related to knowledge and attitude towards stroke. Results: Of the 500 respondents, 69.4% were females, 53.4% were aged between 18 and 25, and nearly half were students (48.4%). The mean knowledge score was 13.66 (range 2-24). Hypertension (69%), smoking (63.2%), stress (56.4%) obesity/overweight (54.4%), and heart disease (53.6%) were identified as risk factors. Overall, the knowledge of signs/symptoms was suboptimal. The mean attitude score was 4.41 (range, 1-6); 70.2% would call an ambulance if someone were having a stroke. A monthly income of 11,000-50,000 AED and being a student were associated with positive knowledge. Being a non-health worker and lacking access to electronic media sources were associated with worse attitudes. Conclusion: Overall, we identified poor knowledge and suboptimal attitudes toward stroke. These findings reflect the need for effective public health approaches to improve stroke awareness, knowledge, and attitudes for effective prevention in the community. Presently, this is of utmost necessity, given the increased occurrence of stroke and its severity among COVID-19 patients.

Effectiveness of Malaria Free Zone Program on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Malaria Prevention among university students in Conakry, Guinea: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by the bites of infected female mosquitoes that transmit the parasite to humans. In Guinea, the entire population is at risk of malaria infection. The objective of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the Malaria Free Zone program using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to improve malaria prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices among university students in Conakry, Guinea. Methods: The study design is a clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT). Students are selected using the clustered sampling method, with each university representing one group, either the intervention or control group. The sample size is 113 university students from each group. The content of the Malaria Free Zone program includes eight sessions, which are based on the HBM constructs. This program takes approximately 6 hours and 30 minutes to complete. Respondents are required to complete a questionnaire over four time points. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) will be used to determine the effectiveness of the Malaria Free Zone program on malaria prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices, adjusted with covariates. Conclusion: It is expected that there will be a significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice of malaria prevention in the post-test, 2-week and 2-month follow up of the intervention group after the Malaria Free Zone program. Students in the intervention group will have significant higher knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria prevention compared to students in the control group.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Behavior to Prevent

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by a virus that is transmitted by female mosquitoes, especially from the Ae. aegypti species. Knowledge and attitude factors are factors that influence the prevention of DHF. Purpose: To find out the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community in preventing DHF and the relationship between knowledge and attitudes, knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The research location was Kelurahan 30 Ilir, Palembang City which consists of RT.11 and RT.16. The population in this study was housewives with a sample of 95 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by interview using a questionnaire. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and practice in DHF prevention measures (p-value = 0.006), there was no relationship between knowledge and attitudes in DHF prevention measures (p = 0.480), attitudes and practice in DHF prevention measures (p = 0.723). Providing education to the community is important to do as an effort to increase DHF prevention behavior. Conclusion: DHF prevention behavior comprising the aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and practices was good and there was a significant relationship between knowledge and DHF prevention measures.

HUBUNGAN LOW BACK PAIN, STRES KERJA, DAN BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS KERJA DOSEN DI UNIVERSITAS PERINTIS INDONESIA TAHUN 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Low Back Pain, work stress and workload on lecturers' work productivity Design/methodology/approach: Research methodology, quantitative research, using a cross sectional approach, multiple logistic analysis with prediction type. The population in this study were 103 lecturers. The sampling technique used is total sampling, by using 71 samples. The instruments were used the Nasa TLX Questionnaire for mental workload, pain and distress scale questionnaire for LBP, and work productivity questionnaire. Data processing using SPSS 22 Findings: The results of the analysis can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Low Back Pain, Working stress and workload were confounding factor, as risk factor for work productivity. The independent variable has a P value > 0.05. OR variable low back pain = 4.00 Variable mental workload OR = 0.96 Variable work stress OR =354139403.479 Research implications: It is necessary to organize working room, a more comfortable and ergonomic lecturer's work attitude, stress management and workload for prevention.

Sociodemographic factors associated to knowledge and attitudes towards dengue prevention among the Peruvian population: findings from a national survey

ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency of knowledge and attitudes towards dengue prevention among the Peruvian population, as well as the sociodemographic factors associated with reported knowledge and attitude outcomes.Design/settingA cross-sectional study...

Enhancing active learning of medication errors in the PharmD curriculum through a multi-perspective video-based experience

IntroductionWe created and assessed an immersive instructional series of video-based activities for pharmacy student evaluation of medication errors via root cause analysis (RCA). MethodsA novel series of video vignettes showed a medication error from the perspectives of each healthcare team member involved. Students were engaged in a series of activities to guide them through RCA interspersed with the vignettes. A pre/post-assessment tool measured student-perceived skills and attitudes in medication error prevention and handling. Per item pre/post-mean scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction. ResultsFrom N = 270 students, 231 and 163 completed the anonymous pre- and post-assessment, respectively. Most students positively endorsed attitude items at both assessment intervals, with no significant changes in mean for “learning how to improve patient safety is an appropriate use of time in pharmacy school” (pre-assessment = 4.26; post-assessment = 4.23). However, there were significant improvements in the skills items “I am confident in my ability to analyze a case to find the root causes of an error” (pre = 3.44; post = 3.85) and “I can identify the key factors in systems and processes that could lead to a medication error” (pre = 3.55; post = 3.88). ConclusionsPharmacy students reported significantly improved self-perceived skills in handling and preventing medication errors, but not in attitudes, following the immersive instructional activity. There are opportunities to expand such an immersive instructional series in an interprofessional setting, which may yield different findings.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF USING ORS AND HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA

Introduction: Diarrhoea is dened as the passage of three or more loose stools per day. Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in India. The objectives of the study were to assess household Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for prevention of Diarrhoea in children through preformed questionnaires. Material and Methods: Four hundred and sixty eight under ve children were selected for study by Cluster sampling method. Background information, details of acute diarrhoea and treatment modalities were obtained from mother of the under ve children. This was a hospital based study conducted at a tertiary care hospital, from 1st May 2021 to 30th December 2022. Results:About 70 % of the moms were between the age assemble 25-32 years and the vast majority of them were housewives (72%).A greater part (>66%) of the moms were having essential/auxiliary education. Learning with respect to different parts of the diarrhoea and ORS surprisingly extremely unacceptable. In the present examination it is seen that learning in regards to ORS in looseness of the bowels is more in educated mother than uneducated. Three sitting of Educational mediations realized huge enhancement of the middle scores of learning, state of mind and practice expanded from 9, 6, 3 to 19, 14, 8, individually, Conclusion: The household knowledge regarding method of use and preparation of ORS for management of diarrhoea was observed to be lacking in this investigation. More estimates should be taken to enhance this learning and make moms mindful about the planning and utilization of ORs

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about malaria in travelers to risk areas in Peru.

Travelers from international airports who travel to endemic countries know the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about malaria; however, it is still unknown to interprovincial travelers who go to the endemic regions of Peru. The objective is to determine the level of KAP about malaria among Peruvian travelers to risk areas. This are an analytical cross-sectional study of 277 passengers from a bus station in a low-risk area of malaria in Peru, whose destination was an intermediate/high-risk area during February-March 2018. Absolute and relative frequencies of personal variables associated with the trip and KAP were estimated. Less than 50% know the main symptoms of malaria and at what time of day there is a greater risk of becoming infected. Five out of ten people knew which practices were preventive against contagion, and four out of ten answered that the treatment can be given in a health establishment, pharmacy, or by some healer. Travelers to malaria endemic areas have a low level of knowledge and practice (39.7%) as well as an inadequate preventive attitude (35.4%) against malaria.

The relationship of knowledge level of class xii students with attitude to hiv/aids prevention in the same state 9 regency of tangerang 2022

The existence of different levels of knowledge about sex will cause different attitudes towards sex itself, which in turn affects sexual behavior. The negative impact of free sex cannot be separated from the individual's attitude towards free sex. A high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS can make adolescents have a positive attitude to prevent HIV/AIDS. The author is interested in conducting research on "The Relationship between Students' Knowledge Levels with HIV/AIDS Prevention Attitudes in SMA Negeri 9 Tangerang Regency". The Purpose Of The Study: To find out the relationship between the level of knowledge of class XII students and the attitude of preventing HIV/AIDS in SMA Negeri 9 Tangerang Regency in 2022. Methods: This study uses an analytical survey design using a total sampling design (total sample). The sample in this study consisted of 128 respondents using a questionnaire and the data collected would be processed or computerized. Result: of 128 respondents there were 113 respondents with good knowledge and 15 respondents with poor knowledge while 102 respondents had positive attitudes of prevention and 26 respondents had negative attitudes of prevention. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude of prevention of class XII students at SMA Negeri 9 Tangerang Regency with p value: 0.44.

Political and Social Drivers of COVID-19 Prevention and Climate Change Behaviors and Attitudes

Attitudes and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate change crisis might be driven by similar political beliefs and attitudes. The current study used a neo-Gramsci perspective to examine how political attitudes may be linked to COVID-19 prevention and climate change attitudes and behaviors. A longitudinal online survey in the US assessed climate change and COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors, and wave 7 (2021) data were used to predict outcomes at wave 8 (2022) among 572 respondents. There were significant correlations among the variables of political ideology, climate change concerns, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19 skepticism, COVID-19 vaccine as a personal choice, COVID-19 conspiracy, political correctness, percent of Republican friends, and dislike of the Democratic Party. In the multivariate models, COVID-19 vaccination as a personal choice was significantly associated with the four outcomes: vaccination status, climate change actions, vaccine hesitancy, and climate change concerns. COVID-19 skepticism was significantly associated with vaccination status, vaccine hesitancy, and climate change concerns. These findings suggest that there are similar drivers of COVID-19 prevention and climate change attitudes and behaviors, and interventions need to be tailored to target individual-level and societal-level factors.

Family Persuasive Communication Against Covid-19 Prevention Attitudes in Pajang Village, Tangerang City

Background: Persuasive communication is one method of communication that can influence or change the attitude of others. Persuasive communication is very important in the family, because the role of the family is very influential in shaping the character of children. A persuasive communication approach, the head of the family can provide direction, guidance and examples to children such as providing a better understanding of the prevention of Covid-19 by family members so that they can improve a good attitude in preventing Covid-19. Purpose : find out the relationship of family persuasive communication to the attitude of preventing Covid-19 in the community in RT 001/003 Pajang Village, Tangerang City Methods : This type of research is quantitative research with cross sectional design. The sample is 211 people. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Results : There is a significant relationship between family persuasive communication on the attitude of preventing Covid-19 in the community in RT 001/003 Pajang Village, Tangerang City with p value: 0.026. Conclusion : show that most respondents use family persuasive communication, namely persuasive as many as 117 respondents (55.5%) and positive Covid-19 prevention attitudes as many as 120 respondents (56.9%). Based on a bivariate analysis between family persuasive communication on Covid-19 prevention attitudes (p value: 0.026), which means that there is a significant relationship between family persuasive communication and Covid-19 prevention attitudes in the community in RT 001/003 Pajang Village, Tangerang City.

The Promoting Reproductive Health Preventive Behaviours in Married Women Workers

This study was conducted in order to determine the knowledge levels, behaviours and attitudes of married women workers about reproductive health preventive behaviours. This study was carried out semi-experimental research. Population of the research was consisted was consisted of 160 women who work in factory A.  25 volunteer women who were chosen by convenience sampling method were included to “Reproductive Health Education Programme”. The research data were collected by using a “Women Information Form”, “Women's health knowledge test” and “The Scale for Determining the Reproductive Health Preventive Attitudes of Married Women” was used. It was determined that, women workers’ knowledge levels, behaviours and attitudes about reproductive health preventive behaviours were inadequate and there weren’t any comprehensive education programmes in A factory. When the efficacy of the health education programme for women was evaluated, it was found that the programme was successful in general; the difference before and three months after education for Women Health Knowledge Test, Total Scale Point and subscale points of “Preventing Genital Infections”, “Viziting Doctor In Reproductive Health Related Issues”, “Preventing Reproductive System and Breast Cancers”, “General Health Behaviours for Preventing Reproductive Health” were statistically significant. It has been determined that there is a significant difference between the reproductive health of women who Pre-training and Post-training and that  training positively affects the reproductive health practices of women. It has been determined that the training provided to women is an effective initiative in increasing the reproductive health practices of women.

Descriptions of Knowledge, Attitude, and Action of Community in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Prevention in RW 10 Cawang Urban Village, East Jakarta

Dengue fever is still a health issue in Indonesia. The persistent problem is inconsistent preventative behavior. The research design was descriptive by observing descriptions of knowledge, attitude, and community action in DHF prevention in RW 10 Cawang Urban Village, East Jakarta. The research result showed that the knowledge level of the respondents was good (80,8%), adequate (16,7%), and poor (2,5%). The attitude of the respondents was good (78,3%), adequate (15%), and poor (6,7%). The DBD prevention action of the respondents was good (50,8%), adequate (29,2%), and poor (20%). The community's knowledge level, attitude, and action were in the category of good.

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of cardiovascular disease prevention in young adults in the country of Georgia.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 46% of all mortality in the country of Georgia (former Soviet Union). Young adults in that country have not been studied regarding CVD and a need exists to understand lifestyle modifications to promote cardiovascular health. An interpretive description qualitative design was used to explore Georgian young adults' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of CVD preventative practices and life experiences. A convenience sample of 19 ethnic Georgian participants (18-40 years old) who were fluent in either English, Georgian, or Russian from a local private university was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video conferencing utilizing an interpreter. Four themes were identified: (1) CVD and risk factor knowledge, (2) prevention attitudes, beliefs, and gender differences, (3) health literacy influences, and (4) culture and societal impacts. CVD knowledge was limited and influenced by health literacy and the current healthcare system in Georgia. Cultural and societal gender norms influence cardiovascular health behaviors. Georgian nurses can play a key role in CVD education and screening for young adults in Georgia.

Birds, bees and hippies: sex education on TV and in Oz magazine in Britain of the 1960s-70s

ABSTRACT Despite the much-touted ‘sexual revolution’, during the 1960s-70s, at the time most Western education systems avoided sex education. This article identifies contradictory discourses about sex as manifested in two distinct cultural expressions that co-occurred in those years in the UK. The first represented mainstream social conservatism – in the form of short sex education films produced for schools and colleges. The second, more radical alternative was the British-Australian underground magazine Oz, which expressed the sexual freedom of the counterculture. Both are discussed from the perspective of visual cultural history as competing agents of sex education – one reproducing the conservative paradigm, and the other aiming to dismantle it. While the films took a biomedical and preventive attitude to sex and embodied a patriarchal heteronormative approach , Oz supported sexual freedom and shattered taboos about such issues as abortion and sexual diversity, as well as celebrated women’s sexuality. Nevertheless, male-dominant culture was also reflected on its pages, particularly in gratuitous images of female nudity. Despite this visual sexism, the article highlights the magazine as a countercultural entertainment medium educating for sexual pleasure and offering a creative, nonconformist perspective on sex that was way ahead of its time, and also of our own.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Cholera and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene among Internally Displaced Persons in Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique.

In disaster situations, cholera outbreaks represent a public health emergency due to their high fatality rates and high spreading risk through camps for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). The aim of this study is to examine water, sanitation, and hygiene attitudes and cholera knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among people living in resettlement sites in Cabo Delgado, the northernmost province of Mozambique. Between January 1 and March 31, 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering a face-to-face interview to IDPs and residents in six relocation sites in Cabo Delgado Province. A total of 440 people were enrolled in the study. Overall, 77.8% (N = 342) were female, 61% (N = 268) were younger than 35 years old, and 60.5% (N = 266) reported primary school to be the highest education level. Seventy-five percent (N = 334) of participants lived with children under 5 years old. Thirty-one percent (N = 140) and 11.8% (N = 52) of the respondents reported, respectively, at least one cholera case and at least one diarrheal-related death among their family members in the previous 2 years. In multivariate analysis, being female, being younger than 35 years old, having attained a higher education level, owning a phone, or having soap at home were factors significantly associated with improved cholera KAP. In severely deconstructed social contexts, continuous education and community sensitization are crucial to achieve and maintain positive cholera prevention attitudes.

Teachers Perceptions on Early Childhood’s Traffic and Life Safety Education Program Using VR

The objective of this study is to verify the preventive effect of daily safety education on children by analyzing its influence on the improvement in their understanding, perceptions, and attitudes toward safety, when virtual reality (VR) is used. The use of VR-based tangible safety education is increasing. Thus, the effectiveness of VR stability education should be verified. This study was conducted for three months by selecting infants aged 4–5 years and their homeroom teachers enrolled in early childhood education institutions. After completing daily safety education using VR, questionnaires prepared by the teacher, comprising interviews and Q&A with the infants, were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, F-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. It was found that (a) the preference for audiovisual and VR as effective teaching methods in early childhood educational institutions was high; (b) safety education using VR showed a positive correlation with children’s traffic safety perceptions and attitudes; and (c) immersion was found to be a significant factor influencing the perception and attitude of safety education. These findings suggest that various methods to implement and utilize safety education programs using VR should be explored. Finally, VR safety education improved preventive attitudes toward the safety of children.

Abstract A113: Insight into cervical cancer prevention awareness, experiences, and attitudes among Southern Vietnamese women

Abstract Background At least 80% of new cervical cancer cases and deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Vietnam is a middle-income country where cervical cancer is the second most common and the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Cervical cancer incidence in Southern Vietnam has been shown to be 1.5-4 times higher than that in Northern Vietnam. However, less than 10% of Southern Vietnamese women have received the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and only 50% have ever been screened for cervical cancer. No study has examined the perceptions toward cervical cancer prevention and screening in Southern Vietnamese women. Hence, this study aimed to explore cervical cancer awareness, barriers to screening, and acceptability of HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening among rural and urban women in Southern Vietnam. Methods In October-November 2021, three focus groups were conducted in the rural district of Can Gio (n=21 participants) and three were conducted in the urban District Four (n=23 participants) in Ho Chi Minh City, Southern Vietnam. All participants were cervical cancer-free women aged 30-65 years. Awareness of, attitudes toward, and experience with cervical cancer prevention and screening were explored using audio-recorded, semi-structured discussions in Vietnamese. During the focus groups, participants also watched four short videos with Vietnamese subtitles and voiceover about cervical cancer screening methods and discussed their views on each. The recordings were transcribed, translated into English, and coded and analyzed using Dedoose 9.0.46. Results Four main themes emerged. First, women showed low awareness, but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination. Second, screening barriers were related to logistics (e.g., cost, time, travel distance), psychology (e.g., fear of pain, embarrassment, fear of the test revealing they had cancer), and healthcare providers (e.g., doctors’ impolite manners, male doctors). Third, women were concerned about self-sampling incorrectly and pain, but believed HPV self-sampling to be a feasible screening tool in some circumstances (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic, those living in remote areas). Fourth, women related cervical cancer prevention to COVID-19 prevention; they believed strategies that have been successful for COVID-19 control in Vietnam could be applied to cervical cancer. No differences in themes emerged by rural/urban areas. Conclusions Southern Vietnamese women showed low awareness but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening despite barriers. Strategies for successful COVID-19 control in Vietnam, including campaigns to increase public awareness, advocacy from the government and doctors, and efforts to increase access to screening and vaccination, should be applied to cervical cancer control. Health education programs to address HPV self-sampling concerns and promote it as a cervical cancer screening tool are warranted given its potential to improve screening uptake in this low-resource setting. Citation Format: Minh Tung Phung, Pham Le An, Lilah Khoja, Pham Duong Uyen Binh, Hong H.T.C. Le, Karen McLean, Bhramar Mukherjee, Rafael Meza, Alice W. Lee, Celeste Leigh Pearce. Insight into cervical cancer prevention awareness, experiences, and attitudes among Southern Vietnamese women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A113.

Effects of dental hygienist knowledge of dysphagia and preventive attitudes on educational needs for oral health in the older adults

Effects of dental hygienist knowledge of dysphagia and preventive attitudes on educational needs for oral health in the older adults