Prevention Training Program Research Articles

Impact of Ergonomics on Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students in Bangladesh

Background: Poor ergonomics is a global concern, contributing to musculoskeletal complaints mostly muscle imbalance, strain, and fatigue among university students due to abnormal posture. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the impact of ergonomics on undergraduate physiotherapy students in Bangladesh. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2021 to July of 2022. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 210 undergrad physiotherapy students studying at different physiotherapy colleges or institute in Bangladesh. The modified ergonomics related self-questionnaire was used to explore the idea, knowledge and awareness about the correct posture, and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to collect data about the severity of musculoskeletal pain. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was used for analysis. Results: The mean age ± SD of the students was 23.13 ± 2.484. Out of 210 respondents, the majority of the respondents (54.8%) were males, and most of them from crowed area (50.5%). The most of the student’s was Muslim (89.0%) while maximum were single (80.5%). The most of the students have to attend on the class in sitting posture up to 6-8 hours (69.5%) daily. The students have lack of postural awareness and forward bending is their preferred posture. The maximum participants (57.90%) had lower back pain, while 25.8% of had been prevented from doing their normal work due to pain. The results of the study showed a strong association between the study hours daily and correct sitting posture of the students (χ2 = 11.008, df = 5, and p = 0.004). Conclusion: The study found that professional physiotherapy students have low ergonomics awareness and the benefits of its proper use. The preventive training and physiotherapy programs could effectively reduce musculoskeletal complaints among the undergraduate students.

Prevention of knee joint injuries in football basic training under the constraints of biomechanics model

Traditional research on knee injury prevention lacks scientific and targeted research due to the lack of biomechanics quantitative analysis and the failure to fully incorporate the specificity of football, making it difficult to effectively reduce the risk of injuries to athletes. This paper solves the problems of insufficient quantification and lack of specificity in traditional research by introducing a biomechanics model. This paper uses open source 3D modeling software to construct an anatomical model of the knee joint, uses an ordinary camera combined with Kinovea software to analyze the motion trajectory of the knee joint, uses IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors to collect motion data, and uses OpenSim software to perform force analysis. Based on these analysis results, this paper designs a personalized knee injury prevention training program and conducts a basic training comparison experiment. The medial-lateral stress ratio of the knee joint in the experimental group is eventually reduced to 0.92, which reduces the peak force on the knee joint, improves knee joint stability, and the injury risk score fluctuation decreases during training, with the lowest being 7.3. The results show that the solution proposed in this paper provides scientific, systematic and practical guidance for the prevention of knee injuries in basic football training, and improves the safety and effectiveness of training.

A unique combination of coping strategies promotes each domain of post-traumatic growth during COVID-19: Differences between community residents and healthcare workers

Undeniably the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented threats and severe traumas for human beings. However, for a proportion of people, the struggle with this crisis has led to positive mental health outcomes, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). This study compared the PTG levels between community residents and healthcare workers (HCWs) across two time points and identified the coping strategies that promote each PTG domain separately. An online questionnaire was administered to 2,437 respondents (499 and 253 HCWs and 1157 and 528 community residents, at timepoints 1 and 2, respectively). The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory assessed the five PTG domains and the Brief COPE the coping strategies. After controlling for gender, age, and education, ANCOVA showed a significant interaction effect; although HCWs had lower scores on PTG compared to community residents at T1, at T2 they had significantly higher scores. The coping strategies of positive reframing and religion positively predicted all PTG domains among both groups. Denial was the third most frequently used strategy, followed by active coping. On the other hand, certain coping strategies were unique predictors of specific PTG domains or groups. Self‒Distraction predicted community residents’ Personal Strength (also Behavioral Disengagement) and Appreciation of life, Emotional Support predicted community residents’ Relating to others and HCWs’ Appreciation of life, and self-blame predicted HCWs’ Relating to others and Personal Strength. The identification of these compilations of coping strategies for each PTG domain can guide preventive training programs targeting specific coping strategies that need to be enhanced in each sampling group.

Infrastructure maintenance management system in a Higher Education Institution: Library, School Registry and Teaching Advice Center (CAD)

This research is carried out in a Higher Education Institution (IES) and addresses the need to develop a Total Productive Maintenance Program (TPM), in the library buildings, school registry and Teaching Advisory Center (CDA), presenting difficulties in its operation managed by the Department of General Services and Maintenance (DSGyM), carrying out only corrective maintenance. The objective was: to carry out improvement actions, through the TPM methodology, to have a relevant maintenance program. The procedure was: identify those responsible for the project, analyze the current situation of the area under study, establish policies and goals, develop the preventive maintenance program and implement the maintenance program to the areas under study; obtaining a preventive maintenance program, made up of families such as: refrigeration, lighting, hydraulic-sanitary, electrical system, building conservation, painting, roads, miscellaneous, locksmith and waterproofing. Achieving preventive maintenance and training programs.

Development of COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Training Program Based on ADDIE Model for Clinical Nurses: A Pretest-Posttest Study.

Scientific and effective training is important to enhance the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of clinical nurses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control (IPC), so as to improve the IPC capacity. The study aimed to design and implement a COVID-19 IPC training program for clinical nurses based on the ADDIE model, and to evaluate its clinical application effects. This was a pretest-posttest study in which 389 clinical nurses were recruited through convenience sampling. The IPC training program for clinical nurses was developed based on the five stages of ADDIE model. Data were analyzed using pared-sample t test, McNemar's test, and Wilcoxon test. After training, nurses' theoretical scores and operational scores except for hand hygiene were improved significantly (p < 0.001). Compared to pre-training assessment, their job performances were also significantly improved (p < 0.001). And they had higher satisfaction with the program post-training. Under the situation of COVID-19, training based on the ADDIE model can effectively improve the IPC ability of clinical nurses. Besides, it provides new ideas, methods, and approaches for future clinical IPC training.

COMPREHENSIVE INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Injury prevention in football is a critical issue for athletes, coaches, and health professionals, given the sport's dynamic movements that elevate the risk of muscle and joint injuries. Effective strategies should incorporate specialized physical training and physiotherapeutic interventions to optimize player protection and performance. Preventive training programs, emphasizing muscle strengthening and proprioception, are essential for reducing injury risks. Specific exercises targeting the hamstrings, quadriceps, calves, and core enhance joint stability and mitigate overload injuries. Neuromuscular training, which includes balance exercises and plyometrics, improves proprioception and helps prevent falls and twists. Flexibility through regular stretching and dynamic warm-ups, such as the FIFA 11+, is crucial for preparing players physically and lowering injury incidence. Additionally, physiotherapists play a vital role in injury prevention through functional assessments to identify muscle imbalances and develop corrective exercise programs. Manual therapy techniques, joint stabilization exercises, and preventive rehabilitation further contribute to maintaining soft tissue quality and preventing muscle strains. Monitoring training load is another fundamental aspect of injury prevention, as abrupt changes in training intensity can lead to injuries. Using tracking technologies allows for better control of players' physical efforts. Studies indicate that implementing structured injury prevention programs significantly reduces injury rates and enhances athletic performance. Research highlights the importance of a multicomponent approach, individualized training, and load management to lower hamstring injuries. Collaboration among athletes, coaches, and health professionals is crucial to create a safe training environment. As football evolves, prioritizing injury prevention is essential for players' health, success, and career longevity.

Barefoot vs shod walking and jogging on the electromyographic activity of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius

Gastrocnemius weakness is associated with Achilles tendinopathies and muscle strains, with the medial gastrocnemius (MG) more commonly injured than the lateral gastrocnemius (LG). Walking and jogging are common in daily activities and sports, and biomechanical differences between shod and barefoot exercise may influence MG and LG activation. Understanding these activation patterns could help optimize training programs for injury prevention and/or rehabilitation. The aim was to compare MG and LG electromyographic activity during walking and jogging, both shod and barefoot. Twenty-nine participants (25.28 ± 4.53 years, 171.31 ± 0.76 cm, 72.68 ± 6.36 kg) completed a warm-up followed by 1 min of walking (80–99 steps/min) and jogging (130–150 steps/min) in both conditions (barefoot and shod, random order). Electromyographic signals were recorded using wearable devices (mDurance Solutions S.L., Granada, Spain; 1024 Hz sampling rate). We measured the root-mean-square (RMS) amplitudes for an entire stride cycle and digitally filtered the signals. For analysis, we normalized electromyographic values to the average peak values obtained during two sprints. We analyzed differences with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Significant effects of condition (barefoot-shod) and gastrocnemius (MG-LG) were observed (all p ≤ 0.023, ƞp2 = 0.17–0.39), with higher MG activation compared to LG in the barefoot conditions (p = 0.004–0.027, d = 0.72–0.83), and nonsignificant differences between muscles in the shod conditions (p > 0.05). Shod exercise compared to barefoot resulted in lower MG activation (p = 0.001–0.003, d = 0.62–0.63) and non-significant differences in LG activation. These results indicate that barefoot walking and jogging increase MG activation compared to shod conditions, with no differences in LG activation. Additionally, footwear reduces differences between MG and LG.

Comparing three methods to assess learning outcomes for a suicide prevention training program for pharmacy staff

ObjectiveTo examine whether pharmacists and pharmacy staff who complete a suicide prevention gatekeeper training program (Pharm-SAVES) react similarly to a written patient case, a live simulated patient (SP), and a prerecorded SP case. MethodsAfter completing the 30-min Pharm-SAVES training, participants completed a written patient case via survey and then, 1 month later, completed a prerecorded SP and live SP interaction via Zoom. For each assessment type, we documented whether the participant asked about suicide and referred the patient to the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (988). ResultsParticipants (n = 12) asked about suicide in 8 (67 %) written patient cases, 9 (75 %) prerecorded SP cases, and 8 (67 %) live SP cases. Participants referred patients to 988 in 8 (67 %) written patient cases, 5 (42 %) prerecorded SP cases, and 10 (83 %) live SP cases. ConclusionThe number of participants who asked about suicide was similar regardless of assessment type; however, referrals to the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline happened less often with the prerecorded SP cases. InnovationThis is the first study to compare key learning outcomes of pharmacy suicide prevention gatekeeper training across written, live, and prerecorded SP encounters.

Video Analysis Comparing Pickleball and Tennis Gameplay: Is the Achilles Tendon At Risk?

Category: Sports; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Pickleball is one of the fastest growing sports. In 2018, there were 3.1 million pickleball players in the U.S, a 12 percent increase from 2017. Individuals greater than the age of 50 or older accounted for 90.9% of pickleball injuries. Pickleball injuries were projected to cost the US healthcare system up to $500 million in 2023. Anecdotally, orthopaedic surgeons are noticing rising pickleball-related Achilles Tendon (AT) ruptures. However, there is a paucity of literature examining the incidence of Pickleball AT ruptures. Given the biomechanical similarities between pickleball and tennis, we compared the frequency of such at-risk movements for AT ruptures in these sports, hypothesizing that such movements would be greater in pickleball than in tennis match play. Methods: Publicly available footage of professional men’s and women’s singles matches from US Open Tennis and Pickleball Championships were collected and edited to display the first 5 minutes of active gameplay. Videos were then reviewed by 3 fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons and 1 orthopaedic resident. Previous literature identified AT eccentric contractions, hip extension, knee flexion, and foot dorsiflexion leading to such ruptures. The authors determined at-risk movements (running takeoff/accelerating, pivot/cut) and body part positions, such as foot position (abduction, adduction, neutral, pronation, supination, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion), knee position in the sagittal plane, and hip position (extension, flexion). The number of at-risk AT movements was quantified and averaged among reviewers. Two-sided T-tests were used to evaluate for evidence of a statistically significant difference in the total number of at-risk ankle movements between the two sports. Results: After averaging across observations made by 3 orthopaedic surgeons and 1 orthopaedic surgeon resident, Pickleball players executed an average 97.59 (SD 8.08) at-risk movements and tennis players executed an average 68.39 (SD 10.75) at-risk movements per ankle with a significance value of 2.61E-07. When subdivided into individual ankles, there was still a statistically significant difference between the two sports (p&lt; 0.001) with Pickleball having markedly more at-risk movements. This makes sense given that there was not a significant difference between Left and Right movements in either sport. Similarly, comparing ankle movements of each sport across and within each gender demonstrated a statistically significant difference as well (p&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: In a small sample of professional athletes, there exists a significant increase in at-risk Achilles tendon movements of both ankles in Pickleball compared to Tennis independent of demographics. AT ruptures sustained during pickleball are multifactorial and the fraction of Achilles tendons that rupture during at-risk movements performed is exceedingly small. However, the higher frequency of at-risk movements during pickleball may influence pickleball-related AT ruptures. Being that pickleball has and will continue to grow in popularity, particularly with older age groups, evaluating the physical risks that this sport poses will help better inform athletic training and rehab programs for injury prevention.

University students’ research work as the most important component of professional training (the case of specialty 32.05.01 Medical and preventive care and training program 43.03.02 Tourism)

Scientific research and innovation play a key role in the modern world as determinants of the development of society, the economy and the state. It is quite obvious that awareness of the importance of developing research competencies in the process of professional training at a university will stimulate the involvement of students in scientific activities, which in the future will make a significant contribution to the development of society as a whole. The problem of the research is to identify students’ ideas about the state of research work at a university.The goal of the research is to reveal the state of students' research work in universities based on students' opinions. The research methods used are general scientific ones (analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis), survey, explanatory and illustrative methods.The research results are the following: the importance of students' research activities has been substantiated; the opinions of students at a number of universities in the Russian Federation on modern trends in student research work was carried out; Factors that hinder the effective development of students' research work have been identified.Key conclusions: research work of students is an integral basic component of professional training; problems in organizing this type of activity have been identified (lack of understanding of the place of research work in the process of professional training, weak involvement of students, students’ research competencies are not sufficiently developed, etc.); factors inhibiting the active involvement of students in research efforts are employment of students, funding problems, the lack of an effective mechanism for motivating and stimulating young scientists, etc.

TECHNOLOGY OF SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL LEARNINGIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF FUTURE PRIMARY CLASS TEACHERS AND EDUCATORS EXTENDED DAY GROUPS

In the article, the author reveals the history of the emergence and development of social-emotional learning as a technology and approach to learning and upbringing in the United States of America. Among the research methods, the author used the analysis of scientific sources, the method of systematization and generalization of data in order to identify the state of the investigated problem. The idea of social-emotional learning appeared in the 1960s as a way to solve the American educational and moral crisis. Approbation of the first programs showed an increase in the academic performance of students and an improvement in their connections with the social environment, which was explained by the formation of social and emotional skills. The integration of the social-emotional learning model into the educational process has led to significant positive results, which has led to its support at the state level. The basis of the model is the theory of emotional intelligence. In Ukraine, the technology of socio-emotional learning has been implemented in educational institutions since 2019, gradually gaining more and more popularity. The main requirement is the readiness of teachers to use technology and the formation of their own social and emotional skills.It has been established that social-emotional learning contains significant potential for the development of emotional intelligence in future primary school teachers, therefore it should be used as its effective tool. The experience of integrating socio-emotional elements into the content of professional training of future primary school teachers and educators of the extended day group at Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University is described. Methodological peculiarities and approaches to the development of th eir emotional intelligence by means of educational and preventive and preventive international and state social-emotional training programs are revealed.

“When hearing hoof beats from behind, expect horses, not zebras” – What flexibility research should adopt from scientific philosophy. A critical perspective on available evidence

The American College of Sports Medicine classifies flexibility as one out of 5 important health-related parameters that should be addressed in preventive and therapeutic training programs (Garber et al., 2011). Due to its importance in health and athletic performance development, there is an increasing number of studies to figure out flexibility training interventions as well as underlying mechanisms. While several exercise modalities are available, stretching and foam rolling (FR) are the most common training routines to improve range of motion (ROM). Interestingly, acute and chronic effects are mainly attributed to very similar mechanisms, more specifically, improved stretch tolerance and/or structural adaptations such as stiffness reductions in the muscle, the tendon, or the muscle-tendon complex (Takeuchi et al., 2023). Since stretching and FR seem to induce similar effect sizes in acute flexibility, authors suggested the replacement of static stretching to FR in movement preparation routines to avoid the stretch-induced force deficit, thus, impairments of subsequent strength related performance. Similarly, when discussing chronic flexibility routine effects, literature suggests task specificity. Therefore, increased ROM was attributed to specific stretch/foam rolling induced stiffness and passive peak torque changes. Unfortunately, statements developed from used research designs are incomprehensive. When referring to acute stretching of foam rolling effects that can be extracted from numerous systematic reviews, conclusions were drawn from comparisons to passive controls. This, however, does exclusively allow statements that stretching/FR was effective compared to doing nothing, however, does not exclude general warm-up effects, induced by muscle activity. Referring to William of Ockham (1287 – 1347), one popular philosopher from the United Kingdom, the most obvious explanatory approach would be the most likely one. In medicine diagnostics, this statement is metaphorically described as “when hearing hoof beats from behind, expect horses, not zebras”. Therefore, since both routines enhance temperature, the most likely explanation suggest acute ROM increases could rely on general warm-up effects instead of task-specific adaptations. Similarly, for chronic effects, literature suggests that ROM can be increased by several alternative interventions, e.g. full ROM resistance training, indicating shared mechanisms. Both interventions share underlying physiological mechanisms, such as inducing mechanical tension in high muscle lengths. Consequently, we extensively discussed available evidence in our published research. Key findings will be presented to challenge current paradigms (Warneke et al., 2024). References Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I.-M., Nieman, D. C., &amp; Swain, D. P. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults. Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise, 43(7), 1334–1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb Takeuchi, K., Nakamura, M., Fukaya, T., Konrad, A., &amp; Mizuno, T. (2023). Acute and long-term effects of static stretching on muscle-tendon unit stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 22, 465–475. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2023.465 Warneke, K., Behm, D. G., Alizadeh, S., Hillebrecht, M., Konrad, A., &amp; Wirth, K. (2024). Discussing conflicting explanatory approaches in flexibility training under consideration of physiology - A narrative review. Sports Medicine, 54, 1785-1799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02043-y

Abstract C179: Train the trainer series in Southern California a call to action for cancer prevention and screening

Abstract Background: Alarmed by low rates of cancer screening in disenfranchised communities and medical deserts in Southern California, City of Hope launched a cancer prevention and control training program to broadly disseminate cancer screening and healthy living educational resources to Health Educators who serve the most vulnerable within our Catchment areas. Methods: The project was IRB approved as exempt came internally from City of Hope. To increase cancer prevention and uptake of cancer screening, we focused on training of Community Health Workers (CHW) from Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC’s), community hospitals, faith-based organizations. This community co-designed training included Cancer 101 , on best practice for Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, Lung, and Prostate screening, and Clinical and Biospecimen Studies and SB 987. Complete and online redcap enrollment survey, along with 2 brief pre and post surveys per series topic. The presentations and surveys will be facilitated by COE staff. Trainees completed surveys via RedCap. Surveys will be conducted via Redcap. Results: TTT series trained 101 trainees on 8 topics. Trainees included: Asian (14.9%), Black/African-American (6.9%), Latino/Hispanic (73.3%), Pacific Islander (2.0%), White/European American (5, 5.0%), Mix (3.0%). The gender identities trained were Male (10.9%), Female (87.1%), Transgender: Female to Male (2.0%). Facilitators of screening included Someone to talk about worries/fears about cancer (73.0%), Someone to go with and help at the appointment (53.0%), Paid time off from work (63.0%), Clinical provider recommendation/encouragement (57.0%), Free/ Low cost exams (81.0%), Insurance to pay for exams (68.0%), Free transportation (64.0%), Child care services (53.0%), In-language educational materials (62.0%), Language Interpretation services (51.0%), Community education programs (66.0%), Gift Cards or Incentives (4.0%).The participants' education level was mostly college educated (64.0%), high school (33.0%), and less than high school (3.0%). The top 3 cancers affect our community the most are breast, colon, and lung. Conclusion: The conclusion is community partners are ready to be engaged and trained in cancer prevention and screening. Cancer centers, leveraging their COE, can respond to this call to action. Citation Format: Kimlin Ashing, Lauren D'Souza, Brenda Gascon, James Morrison, Veronica Tejada, Alexis Garden, Jose Gomez, Sophia Yeung. Train the trainer series in Southern California a call to action for cancer prevention and screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C179.

Applying a Holistic Injury Prevention Approach to Elite Triathletes.

(1) Background: Studies on injury prevention programs are lacking for triathletes. The aim of the present study was to describe the results of a holistic (injury) training prevention program (HITP), based on training load control and strength training, in elite triathletes. (2) Methods: The study was conducted over 2021-2023 and involved 18 males and 10 females from the same training group. The HITP itself included various methods of fatigue monitoring, strength training focused on the prevention of overuse injuries (OIs), cycling skills training, and recovery strategies. The total number and type of injuries that were sustained, subsequent training/competition absence time, and injury incidence were determined. (3) Results: Twenty-four injuries were recorded over all three seasons, i.e., 0.65 injuries per 1000 h of training and competition exposure. Fourteen injuries were traumatic injuries (TIs) and ten were OIs. Of the OIs, four were of minimal severity, two were mild, three were moderate, and one was severe (accounting for 1-3, 4-7, 8-28, and >28 days of training absenteeism, respectively). A total of 46.4% of the participants did not present any type of injury and 71,4% did not incur any OIs. Average absenteeism was 17.3 days per injury. (4) Conclusions: The HITP design and implementation resulted in low OI and severe injury incidence. Due to their unpredictable nature, the number of TIs was not reduced. The TIs were suffered more frequently by men. Women are more likely to suffer from OIs, so it is particularly important to prevent OIs in women.

Development and implementation of a self-directed violence prevention training program for correctional behavioral health providers: a clinical trial study protocol

BackgroundSelf-directed violence (SDV) comprises both suicide and self-injury and represents a pressing problem among incarcerated persons. Negative impacts of SDV in correctional settings also extend to behavioral health clinicians (BHCs) (e.g., job turnover). Correctional SDV risk assessment and management standards include staff training as part of the comprehensive approach. The Core Competency Model for Corrections (CCM-C) is a novel, evidence-informed training program for BHCs covering both clinician self-management and clinical care skills.MethodsThis pilot trial is a type 3 hybrid implementation–effectiveness approach. It will employ a wait-list control sequential cross-over design. Participants (N = 50–100) will be BHCs employed by the North Carolina Department of Adult Corrections. Following stratification for years of clinical experience, BHCs will be randomly assigned to (1) a training group that receives CCM-C immediately and (2) a wait-list control receiving CCM-C approximately 6 weeks later. Electronically administrated survey evaluation will occur across baseline and two follow-up (i.e., 2 weeks after each training session) time points.DiscussionThe primary outcome is feasibility assessed through collaboration with a Corrections Advisory Panel and feedback from BHCs. Secondary effectiveness outcomes that will be evaluated over time include SDV-related knowledge, attitudes, stigma, and intent to use training content. We will examine a tertiary outcome, namely compassion fatigue. Clinical trial limitations and impacts are discussed.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT06359574. This study was registered on 04/05/2024.

The effects of persuasion principles on perceived honesty during shoulder surfing attacks

Purpose This study aimed to investigate how honest participants perceived an attacker to be during shoulder surfing scenarios that varied in terms of which Principle of Persuasion in Social Engineering (PPSE) was used, whether perceived honesty changed as scenarios progressed, and whether any changes were greater in some scenarios than others. Design/methodology/approach Participants read one of six shoulder surfing scenarios. Five depicted an attacker using one of the PPSEs. The other depicted an attacker using as few PPSEs as possible, which served as a control condition. Participants then rated perceived attacker honesty. Findings The results revealed honesty ratings in each condition were equal during the beginning of the conversation, participants in each condition perceived the attacker to be honest during the beginning of the conversation, perceived attacker honesty declined when the attacker requested the target perform an action that would afford shoulder surfing, perceived attacker honesty declined more when the Distraction and Social Proof PPSEs were used, participants perceived the attacker to be dishonest when making such requests using the Distraction and Social Proof PPSEs and perceived attacker honesty did not change when the attacker used the target’s computer. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this experiment is the first to investigate how persuasion tactics affect perceptions of attackers during shoulder surfing attacks. These results have important implications for shoulder surfing prevention training programs and penetration tests.

Влияние тренинговой профилактической программы среди подростков с целью прекращения буллинга: рандомизированное экспериментальное исследование

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Background: Every child deserves to feel secure and has the right to be free of all forms of bullying. Bullying and prejudice should be opposed and resisted to put an end to this destructive behavior. The aim was to investigate the impact of a training prevention program on reducing bullying and prejudice among adolescents at a specific governmental school (103). Methods: The study employed a randomized experimental design, involving 155 middle-level students who were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Three assessment tools were utilized, including demographic information, the Bullying Amongst Diverse Populations (BADP) evaluation scale adapted from Ishiyama (2006), and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) developed by Jolliffe and Farrington (2006). The validity and reliability of these tools were assessed, with reported scores of 83.5 for knowledge, 83.7 for skills, 87.8 for efficacy, 84.8 for intervention, and 7.8 for empathy scales. Results: The mean age of the experimental group was 13.52&amp;plusmn;1.024, while the control group had a mean age of 13.37&amp;plusmn;1.210. Significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in the pre-and post-test assessments regarding knowledge, attitudes, affective and cognitive domains, as well as total empathy, with a significance level of P&amp;lt;0.05. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of witness communication skills and bullying intervention ability. Conclusion and recommendations: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing bullying and prejudice. It highlights the importance of providing training programs to vulnerable students in schools as a key component for success. Therefore, it is recommended to implement a comprehensive "No Bullying and Prejudice" policy across all schools and establish laws that address harmful behaviors to ensure the safety and well-being of children.&lt;/p&gt;

Female Collegiate Gymnasts’ Perceptions and Beliefs on Preventative Training Programs

Gymnastics has the highest injury rate of all women’s collegiate sports, most occurring to the lower extremity. Preventative training programs (PTPs) effectively reduce lower-extremity injury rates. This study aimed to determine the perceptions and beliefs of female collegiate gymnasts regarding PTPs. Participants reported that they would be more likely to participate in a PTP if it resulted in fewer injury risk factors (p &lt; .001), less likely to suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury (p &lt; .001), and fewer leg injuries (p &lt; .001). Marketing and education of PTPs should be targeted and focus on what is most important to stakeholders to increase compliance.

KNOWLEDGE TOWARDS THE PREVENTION OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AND SOME ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MEDICAL STAFF WORKING AT 19-8 HOSPITAL, MILITARY OF PUBLIC SECURITY IN 2020

Objectives: To assess knowledge and some associated factors toward surgical site infection (SSI) prevention among medical staff working at 19-8 Hospital, Ministry of Public Security in 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study analysing 189 medical staff in 10 surgical departments in 19-8 Hospital, Ministry of Public Security by direct interview. Results: The percentage of medical staff that had good knowledge about SSI prevention was found to be 83.6%. 75.1% of participants had good preoperative knowledge while 72% of them had good postoperative knowledge. Taking more than 3 times on SSI prevention training programs were found to be significantly associated with the knowledge regarding SSI prevention (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of medical staff in 19-8 Hospital, Ministry of Public Security was quite sufficient, indicating the need for ongoing training programs for medical staff to preserve or enhance their understanding of infection prevention.

One-Hour Suicide Prevention Training Makes a Difference!

Nurses and other healthcare workers in the United States are at increased risk of suicide compared to non-healthcare workers. College students also experience high suicide risk. To impact suicide prevention in these populations, a Question, Persuade, Refer (QPR) 1-hour gatekeeper suicide prevention training program was implemented at the University of Detroit Mercy for faculty, staff, and administrators in the College of Health Professions (N = 43). Knowledge in seven areas of suicide significantly increased after the training (p < .001). Sixteen attitudes about suicide improved; however, only two showed a statistically significant change. Results support that 1-hour QPR training can be effectively implemented in a large organization.