Prevention System Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT FOR THE PREVENTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood today. International forecasts suggest that the incidence of diabetes will continue to rise in the coming decades, leading to a lifelong burden for millions of children worldwide. Therefore, prediction, prevention, and optimal treatment of diabetes, as well as early prevention of serious long-term complications, remain essential. Providing highly qualified medical care to diabetic patients is a crucial step in preventing the development of complications. The purpose of this article is to review existing research on diabetes prevention strategies for children, considering the different levels of medical care support available. Materials and Methods. This study investigates the organization of preventive care for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Researchers employed three key methods: bibliosemantic analysis, content analysis focused on analyzing Ukraine relevant regulations and legal frameworks, and the method of systemic approach and analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of how preventive care is currently organized for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Results. In Ukraine, preventive measures and the provision of medical care to pediatric patients with diabetes in the past years and today are regulated by a number of documents and orders of the Ministry of Health. As part of the Comprehensive Program “Diabetes Mellitus” (1999) and in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine “On Improving the Organization of Providing Endocrinological Care to the Population of Ukraine” (2006), the State Register of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (SYNADIAB) was created. The next step was the approval of the State Target Program “Diabetes Mellitus”. Subsequently, the Project of the national program “Health 2020: Ukrainian Dimension” became an effective tool, which outlined the main principles of the program implementation in the “Endocrinology” section for 2013-2020. It defined measures at all stages of diabetes prevention, such as primary prevention, which consists of maintaining and strengthening the general state of health and preventing or delaying the development of diabetes; secondary prevention should improve early detection of diabetes mellitus; tertiary prevention, which ensures the effectiveness and safety of treatment of children with diabetes to prevent the development of long-term complications. Today, the guidelines for the management of children with diabetes mellitus have been continued in such documents as “Diabetes Mellitus in Children”, Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines (2023) and Standards of Care (2023). Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that ranks third in prevalence after cardiovascular and cancerous diseases and second in the structure of endocrine diseases after thyroid gland pathology. Today, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children is constantly increasing and, therefore, solving the issues associated with this disease is one of the priority tasks for the national health care system. This is because diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of complications leading to loss of work capacity, disability, and mortality across various population groups. Organizing high-quality medical care and establishing an effective prevention system based on the latest medical technologies is crucial. Diabetes demands attention. Understanding the risks and prevention of the disease can significantly increase the chances of protection and a long, healthy life through timely treatment.

The differential expression of the P5CR and αTPS6 genes in cowpea plants increases tolerance to water-deficit and high temperatures

Plants exposed to adverse environmental conditions develop molecular mechanisms of adaptation and/or defense, the osmoprotectors, which function as compatible solutes and contribute to tolerance via prevention systems and protection against cellular damage caused by these abiotic stresses. This study aimed to identify and characterize the osmoprotectors proline and trehalose in cowpea plants cv. Carijó under controlled conditions of water-deficit and heat stress based on the IPCC scenario of 4.8 °C increase in temperature, evaluating their structure and function through computational methods, as well as gene expression by RT-qPCR. The experimental assays were carried out in growth chambers under controlled conditions with different levels of soil water availability, phenological phases and temperature regimes. From the in silico analyses, ten TPS genes and one P5CR gene were identified in Vigna unguiculata, and these were named according to their chromosomal location. The VuP5CR and VuTPS genes play roles in hormone pathway signaling and in the response to light and biotic and abiotic stresses. The genes P5CR (proline) and αTPS6 (trehalose) were induced with increased temperature and lower water availability in the vegetative phase of cowpeas. In addition, P5CR also showed induction with 50% water availability at high temperatures. In the pod filling phase, the P5CR and αTPS6 genes were repressed with water availability of 75%, while only the P5CR gene was induced when water availability was reduced to 25% under heat stress. P5CR and TPS6 genes were induced in cowpea cv. Carijó in response to associated abiotic stresses (water-deficit and high temperatures), which suggests their participation in the mechanisms of adaptation of the species in adverse environmental conditions.

Real-time fusion multi-tier DNN-based collaborative IDPS with complementary features for secure UAV-enabled 6G networks

UAV-enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks has sparked significant research interest. UAVs are positioned as aerial wireless platforms, extending coverage and improving Sensing and Communication (S&C) services. However, integrating UAVs introduces vulnerabilities due to multi-connectivity, necessitating robust security measures. To address this, efforts are focused on developing effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Here ML-based IDSs depend on the most suited Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for improved detection accuracy. However, inadequate detection features frequently contribute to the limitations of detection accuracy in various emerging cyber-attacks. Our study explores attack traits in UAV-enabled 6G networks, using complementary detection features to enhance ML-based attack detection. Additionally, existing Deep Neural Network (DNN) solutions for UAVs-enabled 6G networks mainly use single models (e.g., CNN, SVM, CGAN) instead of multi-tier models, (e.g., Hybrid, Fusion, Ensemble). Here, although the use of a single model can be faster for computer systems, it is difficult to understand the growing complexity of intrusion patterns in data. Also, these single models might not be good at recognizing the unique patterns of less common issues in datasets. Thus, we propose a fusion multi-tier DNN-based Collaborative Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (CIDPS) for critical UAV-enabled 6G networks. This system boosts accuracy without sacrificing latency reductions. Our approach learns decision boundaries from imbalanced data points using preceding DNNs sequentially. Moreover, most existing research works do not focus on intrusion prevention methods and deployment frameworks for UAV networks. This research proposes effective IPS mechanisms and deployment architecture for CIDPS in UAV-enabled 6G networks. It incorporates a CIDPS with an emergency response protocol, neutralizing attacks upon anomaly detection. We validate our solution through diverse dataset experiments (UAVIDS-2020, NF-UQ-NIDS-v2, 5G-NIDD). Unlike traditional practices where IDS are simulated, we implement CIDPS on actual UAV devices (PX4 Vision Dev Kit V1.5, DJI mini se, DJI mini 3 pro) and real-world UAV networks. Our approach outperforms prior algorithms with a 99.25% attack classification accuracy, higher detection efficiency, and lower resource usage, exceeding 99.05% detection rates.

Unstructured Document Information Extraction Method with Multi-Faceted Domain Knowledge Graph Assistance for M2M Customs Risk Prevention and Screening Application

As a crucial national security defense line, the existing risk prevention and screening system of customs falls short in terms of intelligence and diversity for risk identification factors. Hence, the urgent issues to be addressed in the risk identification system include intelligent extraction technology for key information from Customs Unstructured Accompanying Documents (CUADs) and the reliability of the extraction results. In the customs scenario, OCR is employed for M2M interactions, but current models have difficulty adapting to diverse image qualities and complex customs document content. We propose a hybrid mutual learning knowledge distillation (HMLKD) method for optimizing a pre-trained OCR model’s performance against such challenges. Additionally, current models lack effective incorporation of domain-specific knowledge, resulting in insufficient text recognition accuracy for practical customs risk identification. We propose a customs domain knowledge graph (CDKG) developed using CUAD knowledge and propose an integrated CDKG post-OCR correction method (iCDKG-PostOCR) based on CDKG. The results on real data demonstrate that the accuracies improve for code text fields to 97.70%, for character type fields to 96.55%, and for numerical type fields to 96.00%, with a confidence rate exceeding 99% for each. Furthermore, the Customs Health Certificate Extraction System (CHCES) developed using the proposed method has been implemented and verified at Tianjin Customs in China, where it has showcased outstanding operational performance.

Psychological Prevention of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents

The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological factors in the formation of suicidal behavior in adolescents. The following personal characteristics of adolescents are considered that predispose them to suicidal behavior, such as emotionally labile, cycloid and hysterical types of character accentuation. Character traits of adolescents with borderline personality disorders, such as instability of emotions, impulsivity, and a tendency toward self-aggression, can provoke suicidal intentions and attempts. Social isolation, rejection by peers, and conflicts in the family can lead to psychological trauma and suicidal reactions in adolescence. Suicidal behavior in adolescence can be a reaction to traumatic situations associated with violence, abuse, and sexual harassment. Various methods of psychological prevention of suicidal behavior are considered. An effective method for preventing suicidal behavior in adolescents is the formation of resilience and resource states of the individual, and early diagnosis of risk groups plays an important role in the prevention of suicidal behavior. The emphasis is on the need to increase the psychological competence of parents, teachers and specialists in recognizing and preventing suicidal behavior, as well as on interdepartmental interaction and coordination of services at all levels of the prevention system.

A comparative assessment of machine learning algorithms in the IoT-based network intrusion detection systems

The rapid increase in online risks is a reflection of the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Researchers have proposed numerous intrusion detection techniques to mitigate the harm caused by these threats. Enterprises use intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) to keep their networks safe, stable, and accessible. Network intrusion detection solutions have lately integrated powerful Machine Learning (ML) techniques to safeguard IoT networks. Selecting the proper data features for effectively training such ML models is critical to maximizing detection accuracy and computational efficiency. However, the efficiency of these systems degrades in high-dimensional data spaces, and it is crucial to have a suitable feature extraction method to eliminate extraneous data from the classification procedure. The detection accuracy and false positive rate of many ML-based IDSs also rise when the samples used to train the models are unbalanced. This study provides a detailed overview of the UNSW-NB15(DS-1) and NF-UNSWNB15(DS-2) datasets for intrusion detection, which will be utilized to develop and evaluate our models. In addition, this model uses the MaxAbsScaler algorithm to implement a filter-based feature scaling strategy . Then, use the condensed feature set to perform several ML techniques, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF), considering multiclass classification. Accuracy tests for the multiclass classification scheme were improved from 60% to 94% using the MaxAbsScaler-based feature scaling method.

Retrospective analysis of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in designated medical institutions in China from 2017 to 2022

Objective: To understand the status of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment capacity and the development and changes of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in provincial and municipal designated medical institutions in China from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of relevant policies for the improvement and development of designated medical institutions for tuberculosis and the tuberculosis prevention and treatment service system, and to provide reasonable support for further strengthening the capacity of designated medical institutions for tuberculosis. Methods: This study was initiated and carried out by Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University/Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control of China CDC (hereinafter referred to as "Clinical Center") by means of questionnaire survey, and the investigation was carried out from March to November 2023. During this period, the clinical center distributed questionnaires to the hospital member units of "Beijing Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Innovation Alliance", retrospectively collected their tuberculosis-related diagnosis and treatment data from 2017 to 2022, and used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the number of tuberculosis beds, outpatients and hospitalizations in medical institutions. The results were expressed in absolute numbers (percentages), and three-line tables, bar charts and line charts were drawn to describe the analysis results and changing trends. Results: The 54 medical institutions surveyed in this survey included 21 provincial-level designated medical institutions and 33 prefecture-level designated medical institutions. Most medical institutions have set up clinical departments, auxiliary departments and functional departments to undertake public health tasks of infectious diseases. The tuberculosis laboratory in the hospital has a comprehensive ability and has the detection technology needed for most tuberculosis diagnosis; The number of tuberculosis beds, children's tuberculosis beds and ICU beds all showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2022. The proportion of tuberculosis beds in the hospital decreased slightly, from 39.31% in 2017 to 34.76% in 2022, showing a slight downward trend. Compared with the hospital surveyed, the number of tuberculosis outpatients in 2019 was 562 029, and the number of outpatients in 2020-2022 was 462 328, 519 630 and 424 069 respectively, which was significantly lower than that in 2019. The number of tuberculosis outpatients in medical institutions decreased significantly from 2020 to 2022. By analyzing the proportion of patients with different types of tuberculosis, the proportion of sensitive tuberculosis outpatients in 2017-2022 decreased from 84.49% in 2017 to 78.05% in 2022, showing a downward trend year by year. The proportion of patients with multidrug-resistant/ rifampin-resistant tuberculosis increased from 2.03% in 2017 to 7.18% in 2022. From 2017 to 2019, the total number of inpatients with tuberculosis showed an upward trend. Compared with 2019, the number of inpatients in 2020, 2021 and 2022 showed a downward trend, and the decline in 2020 was large (down 14.94% compared with 2019). Among the inpatients, the absolute number and proportion of patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis remained relatively stable, and the number and proportion of inpatients with multidrug-resistant/rifampin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis increased year by year. Conclusions: Most medical institutions have the capacity to carry out routine diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, but the public health function needs to be strengthened. The transformation of medical institutions requires proper guidance and adequate support. During 2019-2022, most medical institutions were affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, and their tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment work also changed to varying degrees. During this period, hospitals took various measures to overcome difficulties and tried their best to maintain the normal development of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment, and the tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment work of various institutions gradually resumed in 2022.

Integration of the gender approach to the corruption prevention system

It is an indisputable fact that corruption is one of the most global problems, which makes impossible and slows down the effective development of society and threatens its stability and security. The consequences of corruption are not limited to the economic sphere, they extend to all spheres of social relations. Also, as you know, corruption is not a local phenomenon, today it is a global problem that undermines the principles of the rule of law, justice, and, in addition, negatively affects the economy of all countries. The broad regulatory framework of international legal acts on the fight against corruption confirms the desire of the world community to overcome this problem and achieve a global anti-corruption system. The article carries out a criminological analysis of corruption in the world based on a gender approach and identifies the probable reasons and conditions for differences in the attitude of men and women to corruption. The authors studied the specifics of the effects of corruption on men and women from the perspective of a gender approach. Many scholars emphasize that corruption has different effects on individuals belonging to different genders, and this can be observed in all spheres of activity. Within this issue, there are different points of view as to whether there are any differences in the attitude of men and women towards corruption, or vice versa - their attitude is the same. In particular, during the search for the truth in this dilemma, the authors conducted an authors' research, during which 160 respondents were interviewed about their attitude to corruption, whether they believe that gender inequality increases it, who is more harmed, and cited cases that should clarify, whether gender and corruption are really interconnected. In addition, the authors investigated social relations that are built at different levels of human life, where corruption risks can arise, which in a certain way affect either men or women more, that is, as a result, a certain gender group becomes victims of the gender­based consequences of corruption. The article also proposes and characterizes the mechanism of introducing a gender approach to the anti-corruption system and outlines ways to improve this system in Ukraine. In general, consideration of the system of prevention of corruption from the perspective of a gender approach is the key to improving the effectiveness of the fight against corruption, because it will allow the use of additional tools and means to this mechanism that will minimize corruption risks in those areas where discriminatory effects on the basis of gender are possible.

Design of distributed network intrusion prevention system based on Spark and P2DR models

Design of distributed network intrusion prevention system based on Spark and P2DR models

An Advanced Quality Assessment and Monitoring of ESA Sentinel-1 SAR Products via the CyCLOPS Infrastructure in the Southeastern Mediterranean Region

The Cyprus Continuously Operating Natural Hazards Monitoring and Prevention System, abbreviated CyCLOPS, is a national strategic research infrastructure devoted to systematically studying geohazards in Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa (EMMENA) region. Amongst others, CyCLOPS comprises six permanent sites, each housing a Tier-1 GNSS reference station co-located with two calibration-grade corner reflectors (CRs). The latter are strategically positioned to account for both the ascending and descending tracks of SAR satellite missions, including the ESA’s Sentinel-1. As of June 2021, CyCLOPS has reached full operational capacity and plays a crucial role in monitoring the geodynamic regime within the southeastern Mediterranean area. Additionally, it actively tracks landslides occurring in the western part of Cyprus. Although CyCLOPS primarily concentrates on geohazard monitoring, its infrastructure is also configured to facilitate the radiometric calibration and geometric validation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. Consequently, this study evaluates the performance of Sentinel-1A SAR by exploiting the CyCLOPS network to determine key parameters including spatial resolution, sidelobe levels, Radar Cross-Section (RCS), Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR), phase stability, and localization accuracy, through Point Target Analysis (PTA). The findings reveal the effectiveness of the CyCLOPS infrastructure to maintain high-quality radiometric parameters in SAR imagery, with consistent spatial resolution, controlled sidelobe levels, and reliable RCS and SCR values that closely adhere to theoretical expectations. With over two years of operational data, these findings enhance the understanding of Sentinel-1 SAR product quality and affirm CyCLOPS infrastructure’s reliability.

Research Status and Development Trend of Coal Spontaneous Combustion Fire and Prevention Technology in China: A Review.

Coal seam spontaneous combustion fire is not only one of the main forms of the five major mine disasters, but also the main cause of secondary disasters such as mine gas and coal dust explosions. In recent years, with the advancement of mechanization, automation, and intelligent mine construction, spontaneous coal fires in mines have presented a series of new characteristics, and the prevention and control of spontaneous coal fires are also facing new challenges. On the basis of literature research, this paper summarizes and discusses the basic theory of coal spontaneous combustion, monitoring and early warning methods, and prevention and control technology, summarizes the development process of coal spontaneous combustion theory, reviews the research progress of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning methods and prevention and control technologies, and discusses the future development direction. In terms of the basic theory of spontaneous combustion of coal, from the initial hypothesis of spontaneous combustion of multielement coal to the unified understanding of coal-oxygen composite theory, a complete set of theoretical systems have been established, and a lot of macro and micro studies have been carried out and analyzed from multiple perspectives. In terms of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning, from the initial single indicator gas early warning to the construction of gas index system, the hierarchical early warning system is studied, and gradually tends to be perfect. With the development of automation and intelligence technology, the monitoring of coal spontaneous combustion disasters has also formed a new monitoring technology with beam tube monitoring as the traditional method, distributed optical fiber, wireless AD hoc network temperature measurement, and a coal spontaneous combustion multiparameter wireless monitoring system. In terms of fire prevention and control, the traditional "prevention" and "treatment" have changed to the "prevention-control-extinction" technical system based on hierarchical early warning, and the focus has gradually shifted to "prevention", and a large number of antifire materials have been developed, including blocking materials and fire-fighting materials. However, the precise inhibition and control of coal spontaneous combustion disasters, the evolution model of coal spontaneous combustion under the conditions of multifactor coupling in the field, the reliability and stability of intelligent monitoring system, the noncontact detection method of fire source, and the collaborative adaptation of multiple prevention and control techniques are not yet clear. In the future development, the mechanism of spontaneous coal combustion and its evolution process and other basic theories should be deeply studied. On the basis of the mechanism optimization early warning method of spontaneous coal combustion process, flame retardant and fire prevention materials should be targeted and developed. On the basis of the spatiotemporal evolution of spontaneous coal combustion, monitoring and monitoring system equipment with high speed, high precision, and high stability should be developed, which should accelerate the realization of accurate dynamic sensing and intelligent early warning of coal spontaneous combustion, and form an active hierarchical collaborative prevention and control system based on the trinity of "prevention-control-extinction" of coal spontaneous combustion. The conclusions and prospects of this paper can be used for reference in the future research direction, and have a certain role in promoting the exchange of research results of coal science and technology workers.

CCTV Network based Crowd Management, Crime Prevention System using AI/ML

In today's world the rise in security concerns and criminal activity has prompted the widespread adoption of closed-circuit television (CCTV) as a vital component in security measures. This monitoring system is now utilized in various sectors to aid in the prevention and detection of potential threats. However due to the exponential cost of employing personnel video surveillance systems are largely employed in a passive manner. The majority of information gathered by these systems is only put to use as evidence after an incident of crime or disaster has transpired. In light of this we are implementing a more proactive approach. Our video surveillance system will actively respond using real-time monitoring and an alert system to prevent and mitigate the impact of crime and accidents before they occur

From the Recognition of ‘Psychiatric Disorder Caused by Asbestos Exposure’ to the Mobilisation of Dignity in Labour Law: A Comparison of France and Sweden

Abstract In two rulings on 8 February 2023, the French Court of Cassation invoked the notion of ‘dignity’ in labour law to support claims for ‘damage due to anxiety’ (‘préjudice d’anxiété’). The concept of ‘damage due to anxiety’, which might in English be translated more functionally as ‘psychiatric disorder caused by asbestos exposure’, is based on loss arising from the fear of developing a future disease due to occupational exposure to a toxic and hazardous substance, such as asbestos. Based on a reading of these two cases, the aim of this article is to analyse the approach developed in the French legal system, and to discuss it from the standpoint of Swedish law. The concept of ‘psychiatric disorder caused by asbestos exposure’ is not currently recognised in Swedish law. However, the idea that physical work environment factors can cause psychological injury is not entirely unfamiliar. It touches upon the ideas of a holistic approach to the work environment and a broad and inclusive concept of health and illness, which are important foundations for Swedish work environment law. By studying this specific occupational health and safety issue it is possible to illuminate not only how this topical and important issue is regulated in France and Sweden, but also on a broader level how these two legal systems—the French one based on the individual responsibility of the employer and the Swedish one on collective bargaining—are functioning when it comes to systems of prevention of and compensation for ill health.

Construction and reflections on the disease prevention and control system of aquatic organisms based on management perspective

Disease prevention and control are a crucial aspect of fishery management, as they ensure the sustainability of aquacultural systems. With a specific focus on Shandong Province, China, this study outlines the occurrence of diseases in aquatic organisms. It summarizes dynamics that drive disease prevention and control and supports technology, work mode, and emergency prevention and control. In addition, this study also delves into the role of epidemic prevention and control institutions, the upgrading of the social service of disease prevention systems, and insufficient technical support for new species and models. Overall, the findings outlined in this study are intended to achieve the following aims: enhance organizational management of disease prevention and control, standardize the implementation of social services, improve research into prevention and control technologies, and highlight the importance of information technology in disease prevention and control. Based on practical aquaculture production, our aim is to comprehensively analyze the situation of the construction of a disease prevention and control system, strengthen guidance on epidemic prevention technologies, establish a robust animal epidemic prevention system, and propose development strategies, serving as a reference for competent authorities to enhance the disease prevention and control of aquatic organisms.

Epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in China from 2010 to 2022

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in China from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the leptospirosis control strategy. All data pertaining to clinically diagnosed cases and confirmed cases of leptospirosis reported in China from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022 was collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System. The spatial, temporal and population distributions, and report and diagnosis institutions of leptospirosis cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. A total of 4 559 leptospirosis cases were reported in China from 2010 to 2022, with an annual average number of 351 cases, and the number of reported leptospirosis cases reduced from 679 cases in 2010 to 158 cases in 2018. A total of 4 276 leptospirosis cases were reported in Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guangdong Province, Hunan Province, Fujian Province, Zhejiang Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province, accounting for 93.79% of the total number of leptospirosis cases in China. The number of leptospirosis cases had recently appeared a remarkable decline in Yunnan Province, while a significant rise was seen in the number of leptospirosis cases in two provinces of Zhejiang and Guangdong. No leptospirosis cases were reported in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020; however, there were 5 cases and 2 cases reported in 2021 and 2022, respectively. There was only one leptospirosis case reported in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2017; however, leptospirosis cases were reported in the province for 5 consecutive years since 2018. Leptospirosis cases were reported throughout the year in China from 2010 to 2022, with the peak of incidence found during the period between August and October, and the peak of leptospirosis incidence varied in provinces. A higher number of leptospirosis cases was seen among men than among women, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1, and the median age of leptospirosis cases was 50 years (interquartile range, 23 years), with the highest proportion of leptospirosis cases reported at ages of 51 to 60 years (23.21%). Among all reported leptospirosis cases, 53.28% were confirmed cases, and the proportion of confirmed cases increased from 35.05% in 2010 to 61.66% in 2022. In addition, there were 67.22% of leptospirosis cases (2 937 cases) reported by comprehensive hospitals, 20.44% (893 cases) by disease control and prevention institutions, 7.23% (316 cases) by grassroots healthcare institutions and 5.10% (223 cases) by other healthcare and medical institutions, and the mortality of reported leptospirosis cases was 1.07% in China from 2010 to 2022, with a higher mortality seen among men than among women (1.39% vs. 0.36%; χ2 = 9.52, P = 0.002). The incidence of leptospirosis remained at a low level in China from 2010 to 2022, and southern China was still the main endemic area for leptospirosis. The epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis cases varied in endemic provinces, and leptospirosis cases had been continued to be reported in Shaanxi and Henan provinces, which should be paid much attention to. Intensified surveillance of leptospirosis, improved diagnosis and treatment capability of leptospirosis cases and leptospirosis control with adaptations to local circumstance are recommended.

Analysis of the change in human resources of centers for disease control and prevention in different regions of China from 2010 to 2020

Objective: To analyze the change in human resources within China's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2010 to 2020. Methods: The self-reported information from provincial, prefectural (city), and county (district) levels of China's CDC, covering employee counts, staff composition, professional qualifications, educational backgrounds, technical titles, and tenure, were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The demographic context was provided by the annual population figures from the China Statistical Yearbook (2010-2020). The profile of CDC personnel was described, and the average annual percentage rate change (AAPC), average annual percentage rate change (APC), human resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) and the difference between HRAD and population agglomeration degree (PAD) were calculated. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the time trend. Results: The decade under review witnessed a net increase of 17 300 active and 18 300 enrolled personnel in the CDC, surpassing the national population growth rate with AAPCs of 0.93% and 1.03%, respectively. This upward trajectory was statistically significant (P<0.05). The ratio of disease control personnel per 10 000 population escalated from 1.14 to 1.21. An initial decline in active CDC workforce density (from 1.31 to 1.27 per 10 000 population between 2010 and 2017) was followed by an increase (from 1.28 to 1.37 between 2018 and 2020), with APCs of -0.40% and 3.73%, respectively. The proportion of professional and technical staff in 2019 was highest in the eastern region (86.01%), followed by the western (83.75%) and central regions (79.54%). The period also saw an enhancement in the average academic degree (from 1.91 to 2.43 points) and professional title scores (from 1.39 to 1.53 points) of CDC personnel. While the average tenure in the eastern and western regions showed a slight decline, the central region experienced an increase, with HRAD values indicating a higher concentration in the eastern and central regions compared to the western region. The HRAD-PAD discrepancy revealed a negative value in the eastern region, nearing zero in the central and western regions. Conclusion: Between 2010 and 2020, China's CDC experienced notable growth in human resources and underwent structural optimization, albeit with significant regional disparities in concentration.

Design of an All-in-One Drowning Prevention and Monitoring System

Design of an All-in-One Drowning Prevention and Monitoring System

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ІНСТИТУТУ ПРОБАЦІЇ

The problem of the need to reduce the number of people in prisons, crime prevention, and effective correction of convicts has existed for a long time. In order to solve these issues, probation has been in operation for a long time in many countries of the world, in particular in the countries of the European Union. The rehabilitative aspect of probation deserves special attention: in its application, the main goal is not punishment, but social reintegration into society and correction of convicts. The purpose of the article is to study the foreign experience of the formation and development of the institution of probation as an active and progressive system of execution of punishments. The article used the methods of observation, comparison, generalization, scientific abstraction, and system analysis. Ukraine should take into account the experience of Estonia, Spain, and Portugal in the field of electronic monitoring. This type of probation measure in these countries has already proven its effectiveness, helped to save budget funds (the amount spent on electronic monitoring is much less than the amount of money spent on keeping a person in prison), and also allowed to reduce the number of people who are in prisons. The practical value of the article lies in the study and systematization of foreign experience of criminal legal measures not related to the isolation of offenders from society. The possibility and expediency of borrowing, as well as the introduction of mechanisms of such interaction in the crime prevention system in Ukraine, were analyzed. Foreign experience shows that the introduction of the probation service is an important factor that has a positive impact on society. Restorative justice programs are an effective component of probation services: they have an educational impact on the offender, prevention of repeated offenses, and promotion of social adaptation and reintegration of offenders into society. Key words: foreign experience; institute of probation; offenders; punishment; society; system of execution of punishments.

A simplified mathematical modeling approach for thermal runaway of Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 pouch cells based on thermal runaway experimental data

Currently, the numerical modeling methods used to characterize the thermal runaway and propagation mechanisms in NCM811 pouch batteries still face numerous challenges. This is primarily due to the uncertainties in thermal runaway reactions and the immense computational demands encountered when modeling begins at the granular level of the cell. To address this issue, this study designed a series of experiments for an NCM811 pouch battery. By employing experimental data, reasonable assumptions were made regarding the combined effects of solid-state thermal conduction, electrochemical heating, and fluid-solid heat transfer through gas jet streams. A simplified thermal runaway mathematical modeling method based on experimental data was proposed, effectively tackling the problem. This framework was then applied to thermal runaway experiments on a single NCM811 battery used in this study, providing essential input parameters for three-dimensional numerical modeling of modules composed of multiple batteries in multiphysics simulation software. The simulation results derived from the proposed method were in good agreement with experimental data. This study can characterize the thermal runaway and thermal propagation characteristics of battery modules using single-cell thermal runaway experiments. Moreover, the proposed modeling approach not only predicted the experimental outcomes of the NCM811 pouch battery with reasonable accuracy but also provided smoother data, elucidating the highly fluctuating trends observed in experimental data. This method also offers guidance for designing fire prevention and smoke exhaust systems for battery packs. This study presents a novel approach for the mathematical modeling of thermal runaway and thermal propagation in battery modules using NCM811 pouch batteries, contributing to the ongoing development of lithium-ion battery module design.

Establishment and Optimization of Security Domain Prevention System in Business Middle Office Based on Choquet Expectation

With the rapid development of China's national economy, the needs of People's Daily life are increasing, and the demand for various business middle platform security domain prevention is also increasing.At the same time, due to the imbalance of its own resource allocation, it shows the characteristics of "more resources and less load" in the western region.With the gradual popularization of the application of Choquet expectation, a large number of new Choquet expectation algorithms have been incorporated into the security domain prevention system of the business middle platform, and have entered thousands of households.This kind of distributed generation also has its own problems such as difficulties in grid connection, large amount, small environmental pollution, flexible operation mode, and prominent stability problems.Factors such as the interconnection of large-area services, long-distance transmission of AC and DC UHV, and marketization of services make the topology of services more complicated, and the steady-state operation of Choquet services is also closer to the critical stable operation point.At present, the security domain prevention of China's business middle office has become a serious problem.In recent years, there have been several large-scale business middle office security domain incidents around the world.A comprehensive study of the above business middle platform security domain prevention events shows that when the business load is heavy and the business is complex, when the business has a large fault, it will lead to the chain short circuit of the business and serious economic damage.Therefore, combining Choquet expectation to quickly and accurately consider the stability of the service, and combining the new energy characteristics, especially the characteristics of Choquet expectation, is the main problem and problem of the security domain prevention market in the future business.