Prevention Partnership Research Articles

State Standards for Menstrual Hygiene Education in U.S. Schools.

Journal of School HealthVolume 92, Issue 4 p. 418-420 COMMENTARY State Standards for Menstrual Hygiene Education in U.S. Schools Anne Sebert Kuhlmann PhD, MPH, Corresponding Author Anne Sebert Kuhlmann PhD, MPH [email protected] Associate Professor, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Address correspondence to: Anne Sebert Kuhlmann, Associate Professor, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Search for more papers by this authorEmily Hunter BS, Emily Hunter BS orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-786X MPH Student, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Search for more papers by this authorL. Lewis Wall MD, DPhil, L. Lewis Wall MD, DPhil Professor, ([email protected]), Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, McMillan Hall # 112, Campus Box 1114, St. Louis, MO 63130.Search for more papers by this authorMeg Boyko MA, Meg Boyko MA Executive Director, ([email protected]), Teen Pregnancy and Prevention Partnership, 4580 S. Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63127.Search for more papers by this authorMintesnot T. Teni MSc, Mintesnot T. Teni MSc orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-1281 PhD Student, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Search for more papers by this author Anne Sebert Kuhlmann PhD, MPH, Corresponding Author Anne Sebert Kuhlmann PhD, MPH [email protected] Associate Professor, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Address correspondence to: Anne Sebert Kuhlmann, Associate Professor, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Search for more papers by this authorEmily Hunter BS, Emily Hunter BS orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-786X MPH Student, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Search for more papers by this authorL. Lewis Wall MD, DPhil, L. Lewis Wall MD, DPhil Professor, ([email protected]), Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, McMillan Hall # 112, Campus Box 1114, St. Louis, MO 63130.Search for more papers by this authorMeg Boyko MA, Meg Boyko MA Executive Director, ([email protected]), Teen Pregnancy and Prevention Partnership, 4580 S. Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63127.Search for more papers by this authorMintesnot T. Teni MSc, Mintesnot T. Teni MSc orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-1281 PhD Student, ([email protected]), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Salus Center #309, St. Louis, MO 63104.Search for more papers by this author First published: 03 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13135Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume92, Issue4April 2022Pages 418-420 RelatedInformation

Abstract PO-026: University of Arizona partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP), outreach core

Abstract Cancer among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities is the second leading cause of death. The Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) was established to addresses cancer health disparities in Native Americans. The Outreach Core of NACP ensures research and tribal community engagement are undertaken in a respectful and inclusive manner with tribal communities. The University of Arizona (UA) Outreach Core: (1) developed (& distributed to 22 Arizona tribal communities) information materials focused on proper tribal consultation and engagement, foundational cancer information including statistics on leading causes of cancers, considerations for cancer survivors and caregivers over the continuum of cancer care including palliative/hospice care and clinical trials. (2) Hosts an Indigenous Cancer Prevention webinar series to showcase successful community-led cancer control initiatives in Indian Country. (3) In collaboration with the UA Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) Program, offer training in Tribal Consultation & Engagement with Native Communities. (4) Partnered to develop a well-women video to promote preventative cancer screening of Native American women. As part of the Indigenous Cancer Prevention webinar series, a total of seven speakers have presented on various Native American-focused cancer initiatives including: understanding pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, initiatives to address cancer burden; human papillomavirus and cervical cancer; quality of life among cancer survivors and survivorship issues; cancer among Alaska Natives; and cancer trends in Indian Country. Both the webinar series and the UA RCR training have been well received and pre- and post-tests and evaluations demonstrate an increase in knowledge and positive review of content and delivery. The webinar series has reached over 200 attendees of students, service providers, community members, and faculty across half of the United States. Citation Format: Keyauni Leist, Jacquanette Slowtalker. University of Arizona partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP), outreach core [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-026.

Abstract PO-238: Implementing a culturally-appropriate biospecimen collection protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic to address cervical cancer disparities among Native American women

Abstract Background: Native American women experience twice the rate and mortality of cervical cancer compared to non-Hispanic white women. This cervical cancer disparity is primarily attributed to a lack of screening and unequal access to healthcare. While infection with high-risk HPV genotypes is a well-established risk factor for cervical cancer, there are likely other factors within the local microenvironment that contribute to cervical carcinogenesis. Therefore, the goal of the pilot project is to address the role of the vaginal microbiome (VMB) and inflammation in cervical cancer pathogenesis among Native American women. In 2019, we partnered with the Native Americans for Community Action (NACA) clinic to implement a culturally-appropriate biospecimen protocol. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic caused NACA and many clinics nation-wide to limit in-patient services or transition to 100% telehealth. As such, preventative care such as breast and cervical cancer screenings were not conducted during the annual well women's exam. Another hurdle in our pilot project included the resignation of the trained nurse in consenting, enrollment, collection and storage at NACA. Therefore, we needed to quickly adapt to accommodate the clinic's COVID-19 restrictions and train a new nurse on the biospecimen collection protocol. Methods: Adjustments to the protocol included vaginal self-collection rather than physician collection of samples. We also provided new clinic staff a “virtual in-service training” to review all required documents (recruitment, consenting, sample collection, gift cards, specimen storage, etc.). Recruitment was slow during the early stage of the COVID-19 vaccine roll out. Therefore, we developed culturally tailored recruitment flyers that were distributed over social media. In addition, we developed a culturally appropriate video on the significance of the well women's exam through collaboration with the NACA clinic and researchers at the partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) that will be disseminated in the upcoming weeks. All amendments were approved by the clinic leadership and appropriate institutional review boards (IRBs). Results: As COVID-19 restrictions lifted, the NACA staff was prepared to immediately begin recruitment. Thus far, the NACA staff successfully enrolled (n=25) participants since March 2020 with survey data entered into REDCap. With continued recruitment efforts and launch of the video, we aim to have at least 50% of participants enrolled by Fall 2021. Survey data analyses are in-progress with expected completion by Spring 2022. Conclusion: In summary, the continued efforts by the NACA staff and research team resulted in successful recruitment for the pilot study during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study will set the foundation to evaluate the role of the VMB and HPV-mediated cancer in Native American women. Citation Format: Skyler Bordeaux, Elisa Martinez, Pawel Laniewski, Natalie Metz, Verity Quioz, Donna Peace, Gregory Caporaso, Melissa Herbst-Kralovetz, Naomi Lee. Implementing a culturally-appropriate biospecimen collection protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic to address cervical cancer disparities among Native American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-238.

Using the Community Readiness Model to Assess American Indian Communities Readiness to Address Cancer Prevention and Control Programs.

Cancer disparities continue among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations while they have decreased among other racial and ethnic groups. No studies were found that utilized the Community Readiness Model (CRM) to ascertain the readiness of Tribal and American Indian organizations to participate in cancer research and cancer prevention and control initiatives. The Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention conducted an assessment of the status of American Indian communities' readiness to implement activities for prevention, early detection, and treatment to improve AI/AN cancer rates. The assessment was a component of the Community Outreach Core of the grant. Thirty-four key Informants participated in the interview process. The Community Readiness Assessment (CRA) provided a baseline assessment of community partners' readiness to participate in cancer research and programming. Despite years of cancer intervention programs, the communities were classified as being in the early stages of readiness [1-5] of the nine-stage model. Additionally, findings showed low levels of awareness of previous or ongoing cancer research. The findings in prevention and control efforts indicated a need for technical assistance and funding to support community projects in prevention and control. This supported the implementation of a community grants initiative. They also indicated that communities were not ready to conduct research, despite ongoing cancer related research in at least two communities. Communication tools and social media methods and messages were developed to increase awareness of cancer as a health concern and cancer research in the community. The CRM informed these and other engagement activities to meet the appropriate stage of readiness for each Tribe/community, and to build their capacity to participate in cancer research and programming activities.

Applications of Biopower to NGO-Donor Partnerships for HIV Prevention in Jordan

NGOs serving marginalized groups in the developing world often lie under heavy donor influence, so they must toe the line between compliance with and resistance against their funders to best promote the well-being of their beneficiaries. Jordanian health NGOs have grappled with these power dynamics since the 1990s when donor countries began pouring money into Jordan's private sector as part of structural adjustment. I use ethnographic data from a Jordanian HIV prevention NGO to analyze how Foucault’s (1978) theory of biopower applies to international NGO-donor relationships. I argue that the international aid chain transforms NGO staff and the populations they serve into biological subjects expected to adhere to norms set by American and European donors. Biopower manifests differently depending on donor approaches to project implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.

Student-senior isolation prevention partnership: a Canada-wide programme to mitigate social exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic.

SummaryAmidst the pandemic, Canada has taken critical steps to curb the transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A key intervention has been physical distancing. Although physical distancing may protect older adults and other at-risk groups from COVID-19, research suggests quarantine and isolation may worsen mental health. Among older adults, social exclusion and social safety nets are social determinants of health (SDOH) that may be uniquely affected by the COVID-19 physical distancing measures. Health promotion programmes designed to reduce social exclusion and enhance social safety nets are one way to mitigate the potential mental health implications of this pandemic. The Student–Senior Isolation Prevention Partnership (SSIPP) is a student-led, community health promotion initiative that has scaled into a nation-wide effort to improve social connection among older adults. This initiative began with in-person visits and transformed into a tele-intervention guided by health promotion principles due to COVID-19. SSIPP continued to target the SDOH of social exclusion and social safety nets by pairing student volunteers with older adults to engage in weekly phone- and video-based interactions. Informed by the community partnership model by Best et al., SSIPP is built on the three orientations of empowerment, behaviour and organization, which are achieved through cross-disciplinary collaboration. This article reviews the importance of the adaptability of health promotion programmes, such as SSIPP during a pandemic, placing an emphasis on the lessons learned and future steps.

ITAlian partnership for psychosis prevention (ITAPP): Improving the mental health of young people.

The European impact of the clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) paradigm is constrained by the lack of critical mass (detection) to power prognostic and preventive interventions. An ITAlian partnership for psychosis prevention (ITAPP) was created across CHR-P centers, which were surveyed to describe: (a) service, catchment area, and outreach; (b) service users; and (c) interventions and outcomes. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier failure function complemented the analyses. The ITAPP included five CHR-P clinical academic centers established from 2007 to 2018, serving about 13million inhabitants, with a recruitment capacity of 277 CHR-P individuals (mean age: 18.7years, SD: 4.8, range: 12-39years; 53.1% females; 85.7% meeting attenuated psychotic symptoms; 85.8% without any substance abuse). All centers were multidisciplinary and included adolescents and young adults (transitional) primarily recruited through healthcare services. The comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental state was the most widely used instrument, while the duration of follow-up, type of outreach, and preventive interventions were heterogeneous. Across 205 CHR-P individuals with follow up (663.7days±551.7), the cumulative risk of psychosis increased from 8.7% (95% CI 5.3-14.1) at 1year to 15.9% (95% CI 10.6-23.3) at 2years, 21.8% (95% CI 14.9-31.3) at 3years, 34.8% (95% CI 24.5-47.9) at 4years, and 51.9% (95% CI 36.3-69.6) at 5years. The ITAPP is one of the few CHR-P clinical research partnerships in Europe for fostering detection, prognosis, and preventive care, as well as for translating research innovations into practice.

Public Trust and Service Delivery in the National Police Service, Nairobi County, Kenya

Globally most countries have experienced totalitarian governments that have given the police forces a bad reputation hence, are in the process of reforming their service to enhance public trust. This study evaluated the effects of public trust on service delivery in the National Police Service (NPS) in Nairobi County, Kenya. It was anchored on the motive-based theory which involves inferences about motives and intentions of the police and reflects the concept of fiduciary trust. A pragmatic research philosophy that supports the simultaneous use of qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry to generate evidence was adapted. An evaluation research design was used in the study. The study targeted 2100 police officers out of which a sample of 215 police officers was selected randomly. In addition, a corresponding number of 105 members were purposely selected. Questionnaires and a key informant interview guide were used to collect primary data. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of the respondents were males aged between 26-35 years. The majority (62%) of the respondent police officers were not sure if there is a decrease in complaints against police officers. The majority (94%) of the respondents’ members of the public did not have trust in the police service hence, cannot report cases of crime owing to fear of victimization. These aspects may have affected the implementation of police reforms as a result of the lack of a strong community partnership in crime prevention and police accessibility. Reforms have not improved the relationship between the community and the police officers given that human rights abuses and corruption are still prevalent among the officers resulting in a lack of public trust. The study concludes that public trust in the police service is very low, this could hamper service delivery. The study recommends full implementation of career guidelines on promotion, retraining police officers on human rights and emerging security threats, and police officers wearing body and dash cameras for accountability and transparency to build public trust.

Abstract PO-048: Community focused research, application and translation academy for investigators

Abstract Background: Scholars and students drawn to health research with underserved communities often are motivated by their commitment to understand and change poor health outcomes. Yet, they may have limited exposure to application and translation skills and struggle to convey the potential of their work to communities. Exposure to application and translation skills training can augment scholars’ and students’ existing skills to communicate with communities, local leadership, and practitioners. Objective: The intention of Research, Application and Translation Academy (RATA) developed by the Outreach Core of the NCI funded Native American Cancer Research Prevention Partnership was to provide and augment the understanding of application and translation processes and project-specific technical assistance to develop educational information in a range of media, research- informed policy briefs, and presentations. Methods: RATA framework uses a three- stage training approach: awareness through acceptance to adoption. The training is provided to research teams, ideally with community partners. Components include: 1) Overview of terms, steps to identify characteristics of a targeted audience, and review of communication venues, e.g., presentations, radio, newspaper, social media and policy briefs; 2) team-based practice in defining characteristics and motivations of specific target audiences, message design and local methods and trusted sources of communication; and 4) implementation of communication and message strategies; and 5) evaluation of outreach. Conclusion: RATA strengths include the use of team-based exercises, a review of effective and ineffective messaging, incorporating interactive technology platforms, project-specific technical support, and evaluation metrics. Challenges are leadership investment and understanding of the importance of non-scientific dissemination, and a tendency to not incorporate RATA skills or move plans to action. With the emphasis on steps to identify the target audience, tailor the messages, use locally effective communication strategies and action, RATA can contribute to conveying that the knowledge generated in health research can benefit communities. Citation Format: Carol Goldtooth, Andria Begay, Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone. Community focused research, application and translation academy for investigators [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-048.

Community participation in crime prevention and control in rural Nigeria

The rural areas in Nigeria have become notorious with all kinds of crime. Inadequate amenities such as good roads and communication infrastructure in rural areas in Nigeria have made it difficult for the Nigeria Police to effectively detect and prevent crimes in rural Nigeria. It is consequent on these escalations of criminal activities that rural communities in Nigeria have evolved community policing to protect their neighbourhoods.This article presents the benefits of using qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection to unravel the potentials inherent in informal crime prevention and control in rural localities in Nigeria. The social capital theory was used to bring out the benefits of community participation in crime control in rural Nigeria.Findings from the study indicated high theft cases as common crime in rural Nigeria. Youths were observed to constitute greater percentage of suspects at police stations for crime. Unemployment and poverty among the rural populace especially youths were responsible for these criminalities. The absence of social infrastructure, inadequate police presence and government support to unemployed youths made the crime situations worse in rural areas. There was low level of community interactions with the police in crime prevention and control in rural Nigeria.The study recommended increased police-public partnership in crime prevention and control in rural Nigeria.

Developing co-funded multi-sectoral partnerships for chronic disease prevention: a qualitative inquiry into federal governmental public health staff experience

BackgroundMulti-sectoral partnerships (MSPs) are frequently cited as a means by which governments can improve population health while leveraging the resources and expertise of the private and non-profit sectors. As part of their efforts in this area, the Public Health Agency of Canada (the Agency) introduced a novel funding programme requiring applicants to procure matched resources from private sources to support large-scale interventions for chronic disease prevention. The current literature on MSPs is limited in its applicability to this model of multi-sectoral engagement. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Agency staff working with potential partners to develop programme applications, such that we might identify lessons from adopting this type of partnership approach.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with the 12 staff working in the MSP programme. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Preliminary themes were used to inform follow up focus-groups sessions. A second round of analysis was conducted guided by a coding paradigm focused on understanding process.ResultsWe identified “experiencing uncertainty” to be a central concept in participants’ accounts of the MSP process, related specifically to the MSP programme’s novel conditions, shifts that occurred in sectoral roles and demands for new capacities. In response, Agency staff employed strategies to clarify partner interests, build trust in inter-sectoral relationships, and support internal and partner capacity. Outcomes associated with this process include impacts on trust between the Agency and potential partners, a deeper understanding of other sectors, and programme adaptations and refinements to address challenges related to the programme model.ConclusionsThe co-funding model employed by the Agency is a potentially popular one for government bodies wanting to leverage funding from private sector sources. Our study identifies the potential challenges that can occur under this model. Some challenges are related to addressing material conditions related to partner capacity, whereas other challenges speak to deeper and more difficult to address concerns regarding trust and alignment of motivations and interests between partners. Future research exploring the challenges associated with specific models of MSP engagement is necessary to inform approaches to addressing complex problems through collaborative efforts.

Applying Community-Based system Dynamics to Address Food Insecurity in Non-Remote Indigenous Populations in Australia

Abstract Objectives There is a growing crisis of hunger and food inequality among Indigenous people in Australia who are increasingly urbanized. They experience substantially higher rates of food insecurity than the general population which impacts on diet-sensitive chronic disease risk and life expectancy. This project aimed to apply systems tools to identify systemic challenges to achieving food security and possible local actions to address the problem in two large Aboriginal communities. Methods A qualitative system dynamics method used group model building (GMB) in two regional and outer urban communities involving participants from Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, food relief charities, council, educational groups and some food industry partners in the two local areas. The GMB enabled the participants to consider all the connections between contributing factors, feedback and reinforcing loops to produce a map of food insecurity linked to the local food system. This project was done in collaboration with the Study of Environment of Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health (SEARCH), Australia's largest cohort study into the health of urban Aboriginal children. Results The GMB workshops resulted in causal loop diagrams that mapped the complexities of the food insecurity challenge. The maps highlighted the impact of low incomes and unemployment that influenced the communities’ ability to budget and afford healthy food, thereby leading to a reliance on convenience food outlets. This, in turn, influenced communities’ healthy food preferences, which negatively impacted on food security. Additionally, community education around healthy food choices, meal planning and financial literacy were factors that also directly impacted food security. A distinct loop reflected that a lack of coordination between agencies was leading to duplication and confusion about available food relief services and the ability to access these services. Conclusions These analyses elicited local understanding of the potential levers within the system to address food insecurity in Indigenous people. They are being used to develop community-level workplans to shift the high prevalence of food insecurity and its longer-term impact on preventable chronic disease. Funding Sources This work was funded by the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre and the Sax Institute, Sydney.

Adoption of a Patient-Tailored Fall Prevention Program in Academic Health Systems: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Facilitators

Falls represent a persistent and costly patient safety issue. Fall TIPS (Tailored Interventions for Patient Safety) is a patient-centered and clinical decision-supported, fall prevention program that has led to fewer falls and related injuries among hospitalized patients. We aimed to identify dominant facilitators and barriers to Fall TIPS adoption. This multisite qualitative study was conducted in 11 hospitals representing three academic health systems, where Fall TIPS had been implemented for at least one year. Interviews with 50 patients and focus groups with 71 staff were analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Fall TIPS resulted in a partnership between staff and patients, in which fall prevention interventions were patient-specific and enabled by clinical decision support. We identified three facilitators to program adoption. First, staff were motivated to address falls as staff recognized fall prevention as a priority and the limitations of previous fall prevention programs. Second, patients welcomed their role in fall prevention. Third, Fall TIPS was integrated into existing staff workflows. We identified three dominant barriers to program adoption. First, poor engagement practices among staff limited patients’ active participation in fall prevention. Second, the use of residual fall prevention approaches perpetuated a ‘one-size fits all’ approach to fall prevention. Third, patient willfulness i.e., patients’ conscious deviation from fall plans challenged program fidelity. Fall TIPS changed the paradigm of fall prevention by placing an unprecedented focus on patient engagement. Actions that improve staffs’ engagement of patients and patient’s partnership in fall prevention will assist Fall TIPS adoption.

Developing and testing a readiness tool for interpersonal violence prevention partnerships with community-based projects.

Community-based projects that serve vulnerable families have the opportunity to identify and respond to interpersonal violence (IPV). We developed a readiness assessment tool to support selection of projects to participate in an initiative that involved implementing a community-based IPV intervention for mothers. The overarching aim of the current study was to describe the development of this tool and examine the reliability of coding, validity, and utility of the tool. After developing and refining the tool, 41 community-based projects completed the tool. Responses were coded and scored; scores were used to select projects for the initiative. Preliminary validation for the tool included (a) expert opinion, (b) uptake/implementation of the intervention, and (c) feedback and responses from service providers in terms of the usefulness and importance of the tool. This tool can be used by both researchers and service providers to assess community project readiness and capacity to provide trauma-informed services for vulnerable families.

Experts’ perspectives on the application of public-private partnership policy in prevention of road traffic injuries

PurposeSuccessful application experiences on public-private partnership (PPP) in different countries, suggest that PPP could be an option in road traffic injury (RTI) prevention. The present study aims at investigating the applicability of PPP policy in RTI prevention in Iran based on the experts’ perspectives. MethodsThis is a qualitative study with grounded theory approach which has been conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. The participants were 22 experts in the field of RTIs selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed with content-analysis method. ResultsThe results were classified under 5 main themes (applicability, scopes and services, challenges, advantages, and strategies) for applying PPP policy and 37 sub-themes. Due to the prevalence of RTIs, the present challenges in public sector, existence of qualified private sector, and successful experiences in other areas, there are opportunities for private sector partnership in prevention of RTIs. Private sector could participate in different scopes and services regarding RTI prevention, including road construction and maintenance, maintenance and provision of vehicles safety and public education. The main challenges including legislation issues, ambiguities in collaboration, political and organizational unsustainability, government's financial hardship and lack of experienced experts in the field of RTI. However, there are significant advantages including high efficiency in program implementation, covering the weaknesses of public sector, effective and efficient management on application of PPP in RTI prevention. The strategies include identifying and prioritizing the assignable activities, identifying the qualified private sector, developing PPP policies and legal frameworks, creating a common language between public and private parties, trying to meet the expectations of the private sector by public sector, developing a comprehensive and sound contract, and cultivating public culture to accept private sector in the field of RTI prevention. ConclusionThis study sought to determine whether PPP could be used as strategy to reduce the burden of RTIs in Iran. But it requires a lot of preliminary studies to provide the context and conditions for applying this policy.

‘Gun shop projects’ for suicide prevention in the USA: current state and future directions

ObjectivesTo describe community-driven suicide prevention partnerships between firearm retailers and public health officials (‘gun shop projects’), including common elements and challenges.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with leaders from state-level and national-level...

Knowledge mobilisation in practice: an evaluation of the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre

BackgroundCross-sector collaborative partnerships are a vital strategy in efforts to strengthen research-informed policy and practice and may be particularly effective at addressing the complex problems associated with chronic disease prevention. However, there is still a limited understanding of how such partnerships are implemented in practice and how their implementation contributes to outcomes. This paper explores the operationalisation and outcomes of knowledge mobilisation strategies within the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre — a research collaboration between policy-makers, practitioners and researchers.MethodsThe Centre’s programme model identifies six knowledge mobilisation strategies that are hypothesised to be essential for achieving its objectives. Using a mixed methods approach combining stakeholder interviews, surveys, participant feedback forms and routine process data over a 5-year period, we describe the structures, resources and activities used to operationalise these strategies and explore if and how they have contributed to proximal outcomes.ResultsResults showed that Centre-produced research, resources, tools and methods were impacting policy formation and funding. Policy-makers reported using new practical methodologies that were helping them to design, implement, evaluate and obtain funding for scaled-up policies and programmes, and co-creating compelling prevention narratives. Some strategies were better implemented and more impactful than others in supporting these outcomes, with variation in who they worked for. The activities used to effect engagement, capacity-building and partnership formation were mostly generating positive results, but co-production could be enhanced by greater shared decision-making. Considerably more work is needed to successfully operationalise knowledge integration and adaptive learning.ConclusionsDescribing how collaborative cross-sector research partnerships are operationalised in practice, and with what effects, can provide important insights into practical strategies for establishing and growing such partnerships and for maximising their contributions to policy. Findings suggest that the Centre has many strengths but could benefit from more inclusive and transparent governance and internal processes that facilitate dialogue about roles, expectations and co-production practices.

Interorganizational network findings from a nationwide cardiovascular disease prevention initiative

ObjectivesTo use network analysis in order to evaluate the effectiveness of interorganizational networks in implementing policy, systems, and environmental interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention throughout the United States. MethodsEvaluators conducted an interorganizational network (ION) survey to examine information sharing and joint planning within organizational relationships in 15 community-based cardiovascular disease prevention partnership networks. Density and betweenness centrality scores at the node- and network-level were calculated for each partnership network using UCINET© network analysis software. Common data patterns were then extracted using a multiple case study format. ResultsNetwork density scores ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 (M = 0.84, SD = 0.14) for information sharing and 0.43–1.00 (M = 0.77, SD = 0.15) for joint planning. Centralization indices ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 (M = 0.04, SD = 0.03), and 0.00-0.17 (M = 0.06, SD = 0.05), respectively. Overall, 73.33 % of communities were successful in meeting their partnership goals. ConclusionsWhen planning and implementing interorganizational networks, high betweenness centrality and more hierarchically structured networks were identified as the most salient partnership characteristics to programmatic success. The network findings were triangulated with previously published qualitative data to provide context. These findings provide valuable insight on how national networks can be designed and leveraged to implement systematic community health projects.

Building bridges between community, primary healthcare and academia for solidarity in health

Abstract Considering Astana declaration on Primary healthcare (PHC) and universal healthcare coverage UN member countries agreed on committing for PHC development. Kazakhstan prepared legal basis for that during ongoing healthcare system reform. Meanwhile, there is no clear mechanism for integration of sectors to address person and community centeredness for health, which has emerged into a need of rethinking engagement between outpatient clinics and their communities. Local NGO “Community health committee” has led the bottom-up initiative in collaboration with Kazakh National Medical University, Outpatient clinic of Almaty State hospital #5, Medeo district mayor’s office and WHO European Center for PHC for creation of an integrated plan to strengthen diseases prevention and health promotion at the district. Project aims to strengthen people centeredness of PHC at Medeo district, through equal integration of all stakeholders into every step of decision-making using community based participatory research framework. Project includes development of teamwork in PHC teams’ through multi-professional training, development of nurses’ competencies for more autonomous work in community, community capacity building and empowerment. After gaining support from all stakeholders, we organized two interactive seminars with community members and PHC teams in order to assess district health needs and build an action plan. Ownership of community members in decision on priority health problem provided community buy-in, high level of engagement and enthusiasm in designing and implementation of the project activities. Voice from empowered community on priority health needs were accounted by local policymakers and led for creation of action plan on identified needs to be implemented in 2019 -2020. One of the main limits of the community engagement is gaining trust and sustainability of the group, we are mitigating it through involvement of academia as an “umbrella”. Key messages Project will create a model for equal partnership in disease prevention and health promotion in Kazakhstan. Engaging all key stakeholders based on equal partnership creates sustainable outcomes for health and solidarity.

Hepatitis A in primary care: working in partnership for diagnosis, management, and prevention of outbreaks.

GPs have a unique role in caring for patients with hepatitis A and a statutory duty for reporting suspected notifiable diseases including hepatitis A.1,2 Early identification in primary care and notification to Public Health England (PHE) is vital for effective management of cases and the prevention and control of the spread of infection. The aim of this article is to highlight the vital role of GPs in working collaboratively with PHE for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of cases and outbreaks of hepatitis A, as outlined in the recently updated PHE guidelines.3 Around 300 cases of hepatitis A are reported annually,4 with 3–4 local clusters reported to PHE each year.3 In 2017, there was a surge in the number of hepatitis A virus cases (942 cases) as a result of a large outbreak predominantly in men who have sex with men (MSM), and further transmission into the wider community.4 Hepatitis A is spread via the faecal–oral route mainly through person-to-person contact in developed countries, and through food and water contaminated by faeces in countries with poor sanitation standards.3 Transmission in people who inject drugs is thought to be direct person-to-person5 contact through the faecal–oral route because of poorer hygiene and unstable living conditions.6 Transmission between MSM individuals is thought to occur during sex through the faecal–oral route.6 The average incubation period is 28 days (range: 15–50 days). Patients are infectious from 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms (when infectivity is maximal), and until 1 week after.7 In children <5 years, 80–95% of the infections …