Risk Prevention Research Articles

Methods to quit smoking-a quantitative online survey on facilitators and barriers (RauS-study)

Smoking is still the largest preventable health risk in Germany, which is why ahigher success rate in smoking cessation would benefit both public and individual health. In order to achieve this, abetter understanding of the smoking cessation methods used and the factors that facilitate and prevent smoking cessation is required. The RauS study therefore aimed to investigate which methods have been used in attempts to stop smoking, how successful these methods have been, and which factors have been perceived as helping or hindering smoking cessation. From March to December 2022 aquantitative online survey was conducted among current or former smokers over 14years of age (N = 6192). Of the sample, 93% have tried to quit smoking at least once. In general, for the respondents who did or did not use e‑cigarettes/tobacco heaters, "personal willpower" was the most frequently used and perceived as the most helpful method. Among people who have used e‑cigarettes/tobacco heaters to quit smoking, e‑cigarettes with nicotine were used most frequently and were rated as the most helpful. Potential or concrete health consequences were most likely to be perceived as motivating. Rituals associated with smoking were the main barrier to quit smoking, while withdrawal symptoms played amuch smaller role. Overall, the results show that the focus on "nicotine addiction" in smoking cessation should be reconsidered, and social and ritual dimensions should be addressed more strongly. For at least some of those affected, e‑cigarettes may be ahelpful method of reducing harm and/or quitting smoking.

Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for non-cardia gastric cancer: an analysis of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.

Gastric cancer (GC) incidence rates show notable differences by racial/ethnic groups in the US. We sought to determine whether stratification by race/ethnicity would reveal unique risk factors for development of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) for US population. Analysis included 1,112 incident cases of NCGC and 190,883 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, a prospective US cohort study that recruited individuals living in Hawaii and California, aged 45-75years from 5 races/ethnicities. Descriptive analysis and Cox regression models examined the association of risk factors for GC and calculate hazard ratios for each race/ethnicity, adjusting for sociodemographic and dietary variables. Increasing age and male sex were risk factors for NCGC for most race/ethnicities. Higher risk was associated with: GC family history for Latino and Japanese American individuals [HRs range from 1.75 to 1.98]; foreign-born for Japanese American individuals [HR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.11-2.09]; lower education for African American, Japanese American, and Native Hawaiian individuals [HRs range from 1.30 to 1.74]; daily alcohol consumption for African American individuals[HR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.04-2.35]; current smoking for Latino and Japanese American individuals [HRs range from 1.89 to 1.94]; sodium consumption in the highest quartile for White individuals [HR: 2.55, 95% CI 1.23-5.26] compared to the lowest quartile; fruit consumption in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th highest quartile for Native Hawaiian individuals [HRs range from 2.19 to 2.60] compared to the lowest quartile; diabetes for African American individuals [HR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.21-2.64]; and gastric/duodenal ulcers for Native Hawaiian individuals [HR: 1.82, 95% CI 1.04-3.18]. Analyses by racial/ethnic group revealed differing risk factors for NCGC. Increased knowledge of the varying pathways to GC can support personalized GC prevention strategies and risk stratification tools for early detection.

Ignoring the food route underestimated human health risk from potentially toxic elements in agricultural environments of Ziyang, Shaanxi, China.

Staple food is a crucial exposure route for the human intake of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), but it has been neglected in previous human health risk (HHR) studies. Lack of attention to this issue will lead to an underestimation of HHR caused by PTEs. This study establishes a comprehensive regional identification method for health risk assessment (HRA), namely, soil-maize health risk assessment (SMHRA) and applies it to Ziyang, Shaanxi, which is a typical agricultural county. SMHRA considered the exposure pathway of staple food and utilized Monte Carlo simulation to enhance the accuracy of HRA for PTEs. Results indicated the PTE spatial heterogeneity in a soil-maize system. Introducing staple food exposure pathway would increase HHR values and probabilities 1.57-2.80 and 1.53-5.63 times than that when food route was not considered. Overall, the HHR caused by a single PTE was low, which relatively safe. The introduction of food pathway contributed to accurate estimate the HHR of As and Ni, and the risk probabilities ranged from 0.04% to 12.46%. Few areas had high levels of Ni, which pose health risks: approximately 1.8% for children and higher than 0.5% for adults. Both As and Ni had the highest contribution to HHR among all PTEs, with 33.84%-41.56% TNCR caused by As, and 54.73%-56.90% TCR created by Ni, respectively. For human health risk routes, the staple food exhibited the highest contribution to HHR among all exposure routes, with TNCR of 36.15%-56.73% and the TCR of 44.96%-64.28%. Our research imply that dietary intake of PETs must be considered in the human health risk assessment in agricultural environment, which offers the foundation for subsequent environmental risk prevention and control.

The Connection of Place, Routine Activity, and Financial Exploitation of Older Adults in a Large Retirement Community

ABSTRACT Financial exploitation of older adults is a rapidly growing social problem, and research in this area has largely focused on individual-level risk factors with the role of the community not considered. Given the rapid expansion of retirement communities across the United States, these areas may be emerging as hotspots for financial exploitation. This study presented officially reported administrative trend data on reported cases of financial exploitation and analyzed focus group and interview data collected from 80 residents of a large retirement community to assess the self-reported role of the community on older adults’ financial exploitation experiences and perceptions of risk. Study participants overwhelmingly expressed that they were targeted for financial exploitation immediately and repeatedly after moving into the retirement community and much more frequently than they had experienced before moving. Participants believed they were seen as vulnerable targets and adequate protection measures were not implemented by the retirement community’s management. Retirement community managers and local criminal justice officials should recognize that residents of retirement communities may be at risk for financial exploitation and implement prevention and response strategies.

Risk Factors, Comorbidities, and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Don’t Forget the Primary Cause!

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despiteinnovative treatments, both pharmacological and interventional, CVDs continue toprogress. This is largely due to the increased incidence of diseases such as diabetes andother well-established cardiovascular risk factors, as well as cumulative comorbidities andemerging risk factors.

A novel spatio-temporal prediction model of epidemic spread integrating cellular automata with agent-based modeling

Since 2019, major infectious disease outbreaks have placed tremendous pressure on global public health systems, triggering extensive research on the predictive modeling of infectious diseases. Cellular Automaton (CA) is primarily used in the spatial prediction of infectious diseases to establish a model to for simulating the interaction between different regions and the infection risk to simulate the transmission process of the disease and predict its development trend. However, CA models are governed by initial fixed rules and local interactions, and often fail to capture the complex dynamics of epidemic transmission, which are influenced by factors such as public behavior and government intervention. In view of these limitations, we propose a factorial simulation model for the spatial spread of epidemics, the CA-ABM, which divides agents into three categories–public, government, and hospital agents–to comprehensively express the macro factors that affect the development of epidemics. Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) influences the transition rules of the CA through agent choices, constraints and supporting behaviors. Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China from February 6 to March 20, 2020, we simulate its spread. The results showed an average improvement of 8.4 % in prediction accuracy, with few errors, RMSE under 200, and R2 values over 0.9 in most provinces, demonstrating strong macro-scale stability. This approach helps regions to understand influencing factors and enables targeted infection risk assessment and prevention. In addition, scenario analysis based on CA-ABM model changes epidemic decision-making from “prediction-response” to “scenario-response” and provides theoretical reference for future epidemic management.

Strengthening Resilience and Sustainability for Post-Disaster Recovery: A Comparative Law and Economics Analysis on Smart Mixes Between Mechanisms

This article advocates smart mixes of mechanisms of post-disaster recovery in terms of boosting resilience and sustainability through liability rules, government intervention, insurance, and their combinations. Liability rules can provide compensation to victims and, in theory, also reduce disaster risks, while they have their limits in practice. The government widely intervenes in disaster compensation in many countries, but it faces challenges in how it can intervene fairly and efficiently, whether through informal channels, such as ad hoc charity, or structured approaches, such as compensation funds. As governments may struggle to provide efficient and effective compensation ex post, insurance may offer proactive solutions with models of first-party catastrophe insurance and third-party liability insurance ex ante. Where market failure, liability failure, and government failure may all arise, a smart mix of mechanisms is often preferable from a law and economic perspective, rather than relying solely on one framework. However, upon examining empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of these instruments in China, the UK, France, Germany, and Turkey, it becomes apparent that a mix of mechanisms is not always applied in an effective manner. Models of mandatory comprehensive disaster insurance, and Public–Private Partnership (PPP), which both receive government intervention as a last resort to the market and liability failures, can reach the goal of more effective compensation for disaster victims, risk prevention and resilience when faced with disaster recovery, and should therefore be substantially implemented beyond the current levels. To be clear, the proposed mix of solutions mainly focuses on legal and economic dimensions which are rather limited, ignoring, for example, building codes for structures and physical interventions.

Oral health behavior associated with cardiometabolic outcomes: A nationally representative cross-sectional study in Portugal

BackgroundOral diseases are associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviors (tooth brushing and oral health appointments) with cardiometabolic diseases. MethodsData from the First National Health Examination Survey were used. Participants aged 25–74 years and diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (n = 4442), stroke (n = 4441), hypertension (n = 4450) and diabetes (n = 4327) were analyzed. A fifth subsample (n = 2555) included participants aged 40–69 for calculating cardiovascular risk. Poor oral health behavior was defined as brushing once a day or less and having the last oral health appointment at 12 months or more. Poisson regression models assessed the relationship between poor oral health behavior and these cardiometabolic outcomes. ResultsAmong 4.450 participants, 20.5 % had poor oral health behavior. A statistically significant association was found between poor oral health behavior with diabetes (PR: 1.44 [95 % CI: 1.10–1.98], and high/very high cardiovascular risk (PR: 1.42 [95 % CI: 1.25–1.62]). In the sensitivity analysis the association with diabetes and high/very high cardiovascular risk persisted when considering only brushing behavior but not when considering only oral health appointments at 12 months or more. ConclusionsIndividuals with poor oral health behavior had a higher prevalence of diabetes and high/very high cardiovascular risk. Sensitivity analysis suggested that regular tooth brushing may be the main behavior for preventing diabetes and cardiovascular risk. The results suggest that regular tooth brushing may act in prevention for diabetes and cardiovascular risk.

Impact of Age and Comorbid Conditions on Incidence Rates of COVID‐19‐Associated Hospitalizations, 2020–2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID‐19‐associated hospitalization rates by age and comorbid conditions can more precisely assess risk for severe illness and target prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study to estimate population‐based COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization among patients by age and selected comorbid conditions in three hospital systems in Rochester and New York City (NYC), NY. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing incidence rates for patients with and without these comorbidities were determined.ResultsFrom March 2020 to December 2021, 7779 patients were hospitalized with COVID‐19 of whom 43.8% had ≥3 comorbid conditions. Overall annual incidence ranged from 325.3 to 965.8 per 100,000 persons. Age group‐specific incidence was lowest in children 10–14 years (range 4.4–58.9) and highest in adults ≥85 years (range 2790.5–5889.6). Incidence rates for comorbid conditions generally increased with increasing age while IRR decreased with increasing age. Children in NYC 5–17 years with asthma or obesity had 3.4 and 53.3 times higher hospitalization rates, respectively, than children without these conditions. Adults in all age groups with obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease, or congestive heart failure CHF had 1.6–4.7 times, 1.7–7.2 times, 2.0–10.1 times, or 1.7–20.2 times higher hospitalization rates, respectively, than those without these conditions. Adults ≥50 years with asthma had 1.5 to 1.8 times higher hospitalization rates than those without asthma.ConclusionsThe burden of hospitalization with COVID‐19 was high, particularly among adults ≥85 years and adults with obesity, diabetes, CAD, or CHF. However, the impact of comorbidities was less in older adults. Population‐based incidence rates by age and comorbidities provide more precise estimates of the benefits of vaccines and antiviral medications.

An Urgent Call for Suicide Prevention in Indonesia: The Clinicians’ Role in Preventing Suicide

Introduction: Since suicide is a complicated matter, multiple sectors must be involved. Globally, there were 703,000 suicide cases in 2019. Over the past three years, there has been a rise in suicide instances in Indonesia. Treating those who are at risk of suicide is difficult since suicide situations, like mental health illnesses, continue to carry stigma. To provide a statistical overview of suicide cases and the role of clinicians in preventing suicide cases. Methods: Searching for statistical data in Indonesia, we used Pubmed with the keyword “statistics”, “suicide”, “Indonesia”. Searching for data regarding risk factors and prevention of suicide, we also used Pubmed with the keywords “risk factor”, “prevention”, “screening”, “suicide”. Results: Globally, in 2019 the average rate of suicide cases was around 9.0 cases per 100,000 population. In Indonesia, exact data regarding the prevalence of suicide cases is still unknown. A person committing suicide can be caused by many factors such as previous mental disorders, relationship conflicts, legal problems, violence, financial problems, social exclusion, and low socioeconomic status. In addition to providing appropriate management, a clinician must provide education and outreach to the public regarding warning signs and risk factors for suicide, restrictions on tools for suicide, screening, and also remind every patient, especially patients with mental disorders, to continue to pray to be given health. Conclusion: A clinician has a role ranging from education and related outreach, screening, and also pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of someone at risk of suicide

Awareness of colon cancer screening among the general population: Community-based study from the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has surged to prominence as the leading cancer affecting men and the second most common affecting women in Saudi Arabia. The need for preventative screening is underscored by the rising prevalence of precancerous polyps, early-stage colorectal cancer, and the fact that these conditions often manifest without symptoms. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design and employed data from a sample of 425 residents of Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. The participants guaranteed their confidentiality when completing self-administered online questionnaires. Results: Nearly half, 209 (49.2%), of the participants indicated that there were increasing incidences of colon cancer in Saudi Arabia. A considerable number [122 (28.7%)] of respondents believed that family history was the risk factor for colorectal cancer. A total of 203 (47.8%) knew that CRC could develop without symptoms. Common symptoms of CRC were cited as bleeding per rectum 300 (70.6%) and abdominal pain 259 (60.9%). The majority, 384 (90.4%), of the respondents believed that CRC could be prevented and cured if detected early, 415 (97.6%). The results noted that more females knew that there were increasing incidences of CRC in KSA (P = 0.03). Older participants were more likely to understand the function of the colon and rectum (P < 0.001**), the risk factors (P < 0.001**), and the symptoms of CRC (P < 0.001**), as well as their willingness to choose colonoscopy to conduct colon follow-up screening even without symptoms (P < 0.001**). Married participants had a higher likelihood of knowing the ranking of CRC among the most common tumors in both sexes in KSA (P = 0.027*). Participants with a higher education level were more likely to know the ranking of CRC among the common tumors in the KSA (P = 0.004**), the functions of colon and rectum (0.003**), and the symptoms of CRC (P < 0.001**). Conclusion: The study revealed considerably below-average knowledge about the general public’s screening for CRC in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Although a substantial proportion of participants demonstrated knowledge about the risk factors, symptoms, and prevention of CRC, there is limited knowledge about screening programs in the region. This underscores the need for public awareness campaigns and concerted efforts to eliminate the obstacles preventing more people from getting screened with colonoscopies for early detection and prevention of CRC.

Sleep: The Silent Hero in Cardiometabolic Health

The essential role of sleep in overall health is increasingly recognized, yet it remains underemphasized in both clinical and public health contexts. Despite extensive research linking poor sleep health to chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive decline, sleep health is not routinely assessed or integrated into standard care practices. Sleep problems, including insomnia, sleep apnea, and poor sleep quality, are prevalent globally, affecting over 30% of the population and contributing to significant public health burdens like cardiometabolic disease, mental health disorders and multimorbidity. The economic implications are substantial, with insufficient sleep imposing significant societal and financial costs worldwide. Recognizing this, recent initiatives like the American Heart Association’s inclusion of sleep in the Life’s Essential 8 framework highlight the importance of sleep in cardiometabolic health. Integrating sleep into clinical and public health strategies is crucial, due to the wide-ranging impact of sleep on cardiometabolic health. Social, environmental, and demographic factors also play significant roles in sleep health, with lower socioeconomic groups and women often experiencing poorer sleep, further exacerbating health disparities. Adopting a life course approach and promoting healthy sleep behaviors early in life are essential for mitigating long-term cardiometabolic risks. Effective evidence-based strategies for improving sleep behaviors and cardiometabolic health, beyond addressing sleep disorders, include prioritizing sleep hygiene, managing stress, promoting physical activity, maintaining a healthy diet, and reducing substance use, all of which contribute to overall well-being. In conclusion, incorporating sleep health into routine cardiometabolic risk stratification, prevention, and management is essential for improving overall health outcomes.

Wound complications following spine tumor surgery: Risk factors and prevention

Surgical site infections (SSI) and wound complications are common following primary and metastatic spine tumor surgery. Some risks factors include pre-operative radiation therapy, malnutrition, revision surgeries, length of surgery and co-morbidities. Some strategies to decrease wound complications include plastic surgery closure and use of betadine irrigation and vancomycin intrawound power. However, larger series prospective randomized studies are needed in order advance the field of spine oncology and to continue to decrease wound complications.

Sudden Death in Obesity: Mechanisms and Management.

In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased significantly, leading to an epidemic at the global level. Obesity is associated with various metabolic alterations and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The most devastating manifestation of cardiovascular disease is sudden cardiac death (SCD), leading to substantial years of potential life lost worldwide. Obesity-related SCD is an increasingly important public health problem and warrants a specific investigative focus on improved risk stratification and prevention. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding management of SCD in obesity and discuss knowledge gaps as well as future directions in this field.

Spatiotemporal pattern of ENSO-induced modulation on landscape fires over Pacific Rim from 2001‒2020

While El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulates landscape fire activities across the Pacific Rim, the detailed patterns and mode-specific variations of these effects remain poorly understood. This study aims to address that gap by systematically assessing the spatiotemporal variations in burned areas from 2001‒2020 during different modes of ENSO, namely, Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, EP La Niña, Central Pacific (CP) El Niño and CP La Niña. We evaluate the modulation patterns using classical correlation and cross-spectrum analyses, focusing on five hotspot regions: Temperate North America (TENA), Southern Hemisphere South America (SHSA), Northern Hemisphere South America (NHSA), Equatorial Asia (EQAS) and Australia and New Zealand (AUST). El Niño and La Niña exhibit asymmetrical opposite effects on burned areas, as expected. The findings reveal spatial non-uniformity in the impact of ENSO on landscape fires, with La Niña enhancing burned areas in TENA and SHSA, whereas El Niño predominantly affects AUST, EQAS and NHSA. CP and EP ENSO events differ in intensity and their large-scale circulation patterns. These differences cause notable variations in the regional burned area. Water vapour redistribution emerges as the key driver. The study emphasises the heterogeneity in ENSO modes in regulating landscape fires, providing insights for future landscape fire risk assessment and prevention efforts under climate change.

Brassica Microgreens as Novel Sources of Cardiovascular bio-compounds: insights into hypertension management via metabolomics

Hypertension remains a prevalent global health issue, with numerous strategies aimed at mitigating its widespread impact. Recently, there has been growing interest in developing nutraceuticals derived from natural bioactive compounds with cardio-protective properties. Brassica microgreens—young, edible seedlings—are rich sources of phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates, which modulate the biological processes influencing CVDs. However, the underlying pathogenesis pathways are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of phytochemicals from brassica microgreens (MG) on both hypertension modulation and metabolic pathways. To achieve this, a dietary intervention using brassica microgreens was conducted on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive ones (WKY). The treatment involved a diet with 5% w/w of lyophilized brassica MG incorporated into the standard food (ad-libitum) of the animals, for either 24 h (acute treatment) or 4 weeks (chronic treatment). Systolic blood pressure and different oxidative/inflammatory markers were evaluated at the beginning and end of the treatment. Urine and plasma samples were collected post-treatment and analyzed using untargeted metabolomic approaches based on UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS to identify the metabolic pathways alterations induced by MG intake. Chronic treatment positively influenced hemodynamic parameters, which correlated with improvements in oxidative-inflammatory marker values. Metabolomics analysis provided a robust molecular characterization of normotensive, hypertensive, treated, and untreated groups with MG. Potential metabolites associated with brassica consumption, particularly cauliflower, were identified, such as sinigrin-derived and indolic metabolites, which may be linked to hypertension modulation. This study also highlighted the impact of lipid metabolism on the hypertensive phenotype, offering new insights into the physio-pathological metabolic pathways. From this, metabolomics shows potential to emerge as a novel tool for theragnosis in arterial hypertension. Moreover, the consumption of brassica microgreens may be a valuable addition to a healthy lifestyle, potentially offering a dietary strategy for cardiovascular risk prevention and management.

Analysis and risk prevention of flooding in high-risk gorges in the city of Arequipa, Peru

La ciudad de Arequipa, la segunda ciudad más importante del Perú, enfrenta eventos extremos, como lluvias de alta intensidad, pero de corta duración, que generan inundaciones y crecidas del río Chili (avenidas de lodo y huaycos). Esta situación agrava la vulnerabilidad de la población asentada en las márgenes de las quebradas, posteriormente torrenteras, debido a la poca o nula planificación territorial por parte de las entidades gubernamentales, que se refleja cada año en pérdidas humanas y de infraestructura. La frecuencia de estos eventos va en aumento con el tiempo y es por esta razón que se generan umbrales de precipitaciones extremas para su correspondiente caracterización, con un registro de 41 años (1981-2021), a fin de informar sobre la peligrosidad de un fenómeno meteorológico adverso, previsto o en desarrollo. Se utilizaron datos de precipitación máxima de 24 horas de las estaciones meteorológicas del Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú (SENAMHI) para obtener el hidrograma líquido para diferentes periodos de retorno con el modelo hidrológico HEC-HMS. También se realizaron estudios de mecánica de suelos para determinar los parámetros reológicos del flujo no newtoniano y luego calibrar a través de eventos históricos con el modelo hidráulico HEC-RAS. Finalmente se elaboraron mapas cartográficos en QGIS para evaluar las zonas de peligro por inundaciones en las torrenteras Del Pato, San Lázaro, Venezuela y Los Incas.

Power grid accident warning based on real-time analysis of hazard sources and weights

Abstract The power grid system has diverse structures consisting of multiple subnets, equipment, and components that are interrelated and mutually influential. At the same time, there are various types of power grid accidents, including short circuits, open circuits, overloads, grounding faults, etc. Each type of fault may have its specific cause and manifestation. This complexity and diversity make establishing a comprehensive and accurate early warning model difficult. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptive warning method based on hazard sources and weighted coefficients for power grid accidents. To transform raw data containing a large amount of redundant information and noise into data with targeted features for representation, power grid accident information feature labels are generated based on weighted coefficients. Based on this, based on the improved YOLOv3, potential risks in the power grid are identified and assessed. Identification based on implementing risk prevention and control measures defines multiple warning levels to achieve adaptive warning of power grid accidents. Test data validation shows that the proposed solution has an accuracy up to 97.85%. There is also a significant improvement in other indicators, all of which remain above 98%. Indicator validation shows that the research method meets the actual process standards. For the entire day period, the precision and recall of the research method remained stable at over 90%.

DeepForest-HTP: A Novel Deep Forest Approach for Predicting Antihypertensive Peptides

Hypertension is a major preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting over 1.5 billion adults worldwide. Antihypertensive peptides (AHTPs) have gained attention as a natural therapeutic option with minimal side effects. This study proposes a Deep Forest-based machine learning framework for AHTP prediction, leveraging a multi-granularity cascade structure to enhance classification accuracy. We integrated data from BIOPEP-UWM and three previously used datasets, totaling 2000 peptide sequences, and introduced novel feature extraction methods to build a comprehensive dataset for model training.This study represents the first application of Deep Forest for AHTP identification, demonstrating substantial classification performance advantages over traditional methods (e.g., SVM, CNN, and XGBoost) as well as recent mainstream prediction models (Ensemble-AHTPpred, CNN-SVM Ensemble, and mAHTPred). Requiring no complex manual feature engineering, the model adapts flexibly to various data needs, offering a novel perspective for efficient AHTP prediction and promising utility in hypertension management.On the benchmark dataset, the model achieved high accuracy, sensitivity, and AUC, providing a robust tool for identifying safe and effective AHTPs. However, future efforts should incorporate larger and more diverse independent validation datasets to further improve the model and enhance its generalizability. Additionally, the model's predictive accuracy relies on known AHTP targets and sequence features, potentially limiting its ability to detect AHTPs with uncharacterized or atypical properties.

Description of the Risk Falls in Elderly People in Cianjur Regency

Various health problems that occur in the elderly result from the deterioration of body cells, resulting in decreased function and endurance. One of the physical health problems that often occurs in the elderly is falls. The consequences of falls experienced by the elderly have psychological, sociological and emotional impacts and will result in physical injury, limited movement and death. This exercise program involves the balance center in the brain and increases the balance response so that it can reduce falls. The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the implementation of comprehensive nursing care for elderly people at risk of falling. Health services in the Cianjur area tend to encourage accelerated changes in the care environment in the health environment, one of which is through counseling services by nurses. Or the implementation of counseling by health workers. Community service activities with the topic Strengthening the Prevention of Fall Risk in the Elderly Age Group in Cianjur Regency is an effort to increase nurses' knowledge in supporting the acceleration of family health independence in Cianjur Regency, especially for the elderly. This research uses quantitative, descriptive methods. Sampling with total sampling. The total research sample was 37 elderly people accompanied by their families. Results: most of the elderly (78.5%) or 25 people were in the risk category for falls around the family. Meanwhile, 21.5% of elderly people are not at risk of falling or as many as 12 elderly people are not at risk of falling.