Prevention Of Mental Disorders Research Articles

Dose-dependent changes in real-life affective well-being in healthy community-based individuals with mild to moderate childhood trauma exposure

BackgroundChildhood trauma exposures (CTEs) are frequent, well-established risk factor for the development of psychopathology. However, knowledge of the effects of CTEs in healthy individuals in a real life context, which is crucial for early detection and prevention of mental disorders, is incomplete. Here, we use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate CTE load-dependent changes in daily-life affective well-being and psychosocial risk profile in n = 351 healthy, clinically asymptomatic, adults from the community with mild to moderate CTE.FindingsEMA revealed significant CTE dose-dependent decreases in real-life affective valence (p = 0.007), energetic arousal (p = 0.032) and calmness (p = 0.044). Psychosocial questionnaires revealed a broad CTE-related psychosocial risk profile with dose-dependent increases in mental health risk-associated features (e.g., trait anxiety, maladaptive coping, loneliness, daily hassles; p values < 0.003) and a corresponding decrease in factors protective for mental health (e.g., life satisfaction, adaptive coping, optimism, social support; p values < 0.021). These results were not influenced by age, sex, socioeconomic status or education.ConclusionsHealthy community-based adults with mild to moderate CTE exhibit dose-dependent changes in well-being manifesting in decreases in affective valence, calmness and energy in real life settings, as well as a range of established psychosocial risk features associated with mental health risk. This indicates an approach to early detection, early intervention, and prevention of CTE-associated psychiatric disorders in this at-risk population, using ecological momentary interventions (EMI) in real life, which enhance established protective factors for mental health, such as green space exposure, or social support.

COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren bireylerde uyum bozukluğu değerlendirilmesi

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the development of adjustment disorder according to the ADNM-20 (Adjustment Disorder New Module-20) scale in participants who were followed up for Covid-19 infection. &#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to November 2020. After sample size calculation, we aimed to reach minimum 170 people out of 1290 people who applied to the hospital for Covid-19 disease treatment. Participants were selected from the patients admitted to the hospital using a simple stratified random sampling method. We reached 182 people after treating the patients who were followed up with Covid-19 infection in a University Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. A questionnaire and the Adjustment Disorder New Module-20 scale were applied via phone / mail at the end of the 6th month after Covid-19 related hospital admission by researchers. &#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Adjustment disorder was found in 28.8 % (n=42) of the participants disorder according to the ADNM-20 scale. While the rate of development of adjustment disorder due to Covid-19-related stress was 26.7 % (n=39); the rate of development of adjustment disorder due to non-Covid-19 stress was found to be 2.1 % (n=3). With the increase in stress load, the development of adjustment disorder increased significantly. The frequency of developing Covid-19-related stress-related adjustment disorder was statistically significantly increased with the duration of exposure to stress. &#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: We have found out that one out of every four people who apply to the hospital for healthcare services due to Covid-19 infection may develop an adjustment disorder. Assessment of the adjustment disorder more frequently and making early interventions may contribute to the prevention of progressive mental disorders.

Exploring the Perceptions of mHealth Interventions for the Prevention of Common Mental Disorders in University Students in Singapore: Qualitative Study.

Mental health interventions delivered through mobile health (mHealth) technologies can increase the access to mental health services, especially among university students. The development of mHealth intervention is complex and needs to be context sensitive. There is currently limited evidence on the perceptions, needs, and barriers related to these interventions in the Southeast Asian context. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perception of university students and mental health supporters in Singapore about mental health services, campaigns, and mHealth interventions with a focus on conversational agent interventions for the prevention of common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. We conducted 6 web-based focus group discussions with 30 university students and one-to-one web-based interviews with 11 mental health supporters consisting of faculty members tasked with student pastoral care, a mental health first aider, counselors, psychologists, a clinical psychologist, and a psychiatrist. The qualitative analysis followed a reflexive thematic analysis framework. The following 6 main themes were identified: a healthy lifestyle as students, access to mental health services, the role of mental health promotion campaigns, preferred mHealth engagement features, factors that influence the adoption of mHealth interventions, and cultural relevance of mHealth interventions. The interpretation of our findings shows that students were reluctant to use mental health services because of the fear of stigma and a possible lack of confidentiality. Study participants viewed mHealth interventions for mental health as part of a blended intervention. They also felt that future mental health mHealth interventions should be more personalized and capable of managing adverse events such as suicidal ideation.

Cost-utility analysis of the UPRIGHT intervention promoting resilience in adolescents

BackgroundAs mental health in adulthood is related to mental status during adolescence, school-based interventions have been proposed to improve resilience. The objective of this study was to build a simulation model representing the natural history of mental disorders in childhood, adolescence and youth to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the UPRIGHT school-based intervention in promoting resilience and mental health in adolescence.MethodsWe built a discrete event simulation model fed with real-world data (cumulative incidence disaggregated into eight clusters) from the Basque Health Service database (609,381 individuals) to calculate utilities (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]) and costs for the general population in two scenarios (base case and intervention). The model translated changes in the wellbeing of adolescents into different risks of mental illnesses for a time horizon of 30 years.ResultsThe number of cases of anxiety was estimated to fall by 5,125 or 9,592 and those of depression by 1,269 and 2,165 if the effect of the intervention lasted 2 or 5 years respectively. From a healthcare system perspective, the intervention was cost-effective for all cases considered with incremental cost-utility ratios always lower than €10,000/QALY and dominant for some subgroups. The intervention was always dominant when including indirect and non-medical costs (societal perspective).ConclusionsAlthough the primary analysis of the trial did not did not detect significant differences, the UPRIGHT intervention promoting positive mental health was dominant in the economic evaluation from the societal perspective. Promoting resilience was more cost-effective in the most deprived group. Despite a lack of information about the spillover effect in some sectors, the economic evaluation framework developed principally for pharmacoeconomics can be applied to interventions to promote resilience in adolescents. As prevention of mental health disorders is even more necessary in the post-coronavirus disease-19 era, such evaluation is essential to assess whether investment in mental health promotion would be good value for money by avoiding costs for healthcare providers and other stakeholders.

Impact on Students of the Act-Belong-Commit Mentally Healthy Schools Framework.

Schools can have a significant role in affecting the mental health and wellbeing of both students and staff, with considerable implications for society as a whole. Hence, there is a need for school-based interventions to both assist those experiencing mental health problems and to implement activities and policies that facilitate the enhancement and maintenance of good mental health. Unlike most school mental health interventions that are focussed on, and specific to, the school setting, the Act-Belong-Commit Mentally Healthy Schools Framework is based on the principles of the Act-Belong-Commit community-wide general population mental health promotion campaign, which has been adapted to the school setting via the World Health Organisation's Health Promoting Schools Framework. The Mentally Healthy Schools Framework is a whole-school approach to enhancing both student and staff mental health. This paper reports the findings of a preliminary impact survey administered to students after the adoption of the Framework in a number of primary and secondary schools in Western Australia. Students from two schools that had only recently adopted the Framework completed a "Baseline" questionnaire, and students from three schools that had been implementing the Framework for at least 17 months completed a "Follow-up" questionnaire. The results suggest that the Mentally Healthy Schools Framework, adapted from a community-wide campaign, can have a positive impact on students in terms of increasing openness about mental health, increasing awareness of behaviours conducive to good mental health, and increasing engagement in behaviours to improve their mental health. Such positive impacts have clear implications not only for prevention of mental disorders, but for academic achievement, employment, and overall contribution to society.

Supportive Environment as Mental Health Intervention on Psychological Well-Being from Foreign Language Learning Activity

Background: Mental health issues awareness is increasing alongside the COVID-19 pandemic. While offline activities are shutting down, people require to adjust both rest and activities from home. That being said, there can also be a possibility to save more time because mobilization from home to another place is not necessary. However, excess free time does not always guarantee a better mental health situation if it does not fulfill psychological needs. By all means, creating and surrounding in a supportive environment becomes essential to adjust to the new lifestyle and obligations. Foreign language learning activity turns out not only gives new knowledge but also create a supportive environment to fulfill the desire for authentic interaction, which might contribute to psychological well-being at home during the pandemic season. Objective: This study aimed to explore deeper the role of the supportive environment from foreign language learning activity on psychological well-being. Later, this finding could be used as a recommendation for the public health sector to promote psychological well-being through mental disorder prevention programs. Methods: This study uses a literature review from international journals, data reports, and theses that discuss the supportive environment benefit on psychological well-being from foreign language learning activity. The sources used are published in the last ten years. Results: The result shows several benefits of the supportive environment from foreign language learning activity to the psychological well-being aspects (pleasure, joy, life value, and resilience) and also alternatives of productive activity during an abundance of free time, social support, empathy, positive mind, and open-mindedness.

Proactive psychiatry of addiction: toward the normalization of early prevention

AbstractMost substance use disorders (SUDs) emerge in adolescence and young adulthood. Early interventions in young people may reduce the risk and severity of SUD and other mental disorders. However, we are not able to reach our young people early enough for prevention and treatment, and when we do, they often already show a high concentration of comorbid mental disorders and signs of a chronic intermittent course of SUD. Hence, we must reach our addicted young patients at an earlier stage, when symptoms are still mild or transient, or perhaps even before that – when they only show precursors of possible dysfunction.One of the most prominent precursors of dysfunction is our ability – or lack thereof – to control or "self-regulate" our behaviors, cognitions, and emotions. Many scientists argue that poor self-regulation is perhaps the core determinant of the development of mental health disorders, including addiction. Several prospective general population studies have shown that poor childhood self-control early in life is a strong predictor of many negative outcomes later in life, up to 20 to 30 years later in adulthood. Although correlational in nature, these findings suggest that early childhood interventions that are deliberately aimed at improving self-regulation may be effective in preventing these negative life outcomes, and that early prevention and intervention targeted at improving self-control may reduce the risk of a broad array of psychiatric and social problems, including addiction. Indeed, several recent large-scale systematic reviews have suggested that self-regulation skills are malleable and can be learned through instruction and practice, and perhaps most so in the early years, roughly around 3 to 6 years, when there is a steep increase in learning curve, when the plasticity of the brain is still high, and when self-regulation skills are still very much in development.This presentation provides an overview of the rationale and study findings of early prevention of substance use disorders and other mental health disorders. In terms of broad prevention, much can be gained by widespread, consistent implementation and normalization of early prevention at the pre- and elementary school level.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Neural correlates of conflict adaptation predict daily stress reactivity.

Chronic exposure to daily stress can be harmful to mental health especially when individuals lack adaptive adjustment mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate how the adaptive capacities in cognition and emotion as well as their neural signatures could moderate the stress reactivity in daily life. Seventy-five healthy participants aged 18-24 years participated in this study. We recorded brain activity using electroencephalography while participants were performing a conflict task and an emotion regulation task in the laboratory. Using the experience sampling method, participants were subsequently instructed to report their daily stress and daily affect on 14 consecutive days. Our results revealed that a larger adaptation effect in reaction times of the conflict task predicted a stronger negative affect in response to the stress of the same day. The adaptation effect in the N2 and P3 components elicited by the conflict task predicted a weaker influence of today's stress level on the next day's stress level, pointing to a better stress adaptation. However, emotion regulation capacities did not predict daily stress reactivity. Our data indicate that conflict adaption predicts two aspects of stress reactivity in daily life: how stress influences the negative affect that day, and how stress that day is related to stress the next day. These findings point to new avenues for early screening of stress-vulnerable populations, with implications for the prevention and intervention of stress-related mental disorders.

Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on newborn neurodevelopment: a pilot study

The COVID-19 pandemic can seize the opportunity to explore the hypothesis of prenatal exposure to viral infections increases the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Advancing our knowledge in this regard would improve primary prevention of mental disorders in children. For this pilot study, six-week-old infants born to mothers exposed (n = 21) or unexposed (n = 21) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were assessed in Santander-Cantabria (Spain) using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Groups comparisons were performed to explore the effects that infection and timing of exposure (in terms of the three trimesters of pregnancy). The infants’ competencies and performances on the NBAS were generally similar in the exposed and unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 groups. The most significant difference found was a less optimally response to cuddliness (item on the state regulation domain) particularly in infants born to mothers exposed in the third trimester of pregnancy, and in pull-to-sit (item on the motor system domain). Although our interpretations must be careful, these preliminary results highlight the possible association between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure and poorer development in motor skills and infant interactive behavior. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore these relationships and disentangle the biological mechanisms implicated.

AAGP Session to Highlight Research on Resilience, Emotional Well-Being in Aging

AAGP Session to Highlight Research on Resilience, Emotional Well-Being in Aging

Occupational exposure to work-related stress, a proposal of a pilot study to detect psychological distress in collar-workers.

Work-related psychosocial risks have been identified as significant occupational health and safety risks; the occupational physicians must assess and monitor the health status of workers in order to verify that work is not a source of harm to exposed operators. The aim of the study was to investigate the outcomes related to anxiety and depression traits in workers exposed to stress-related work. A questionnaire was administered to a large population of Italian public administration workers; the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale questionnaire was used to measure depression, the Self rating Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety, the UK Management Standards Indicator tool questionnaire was used to assess work adjustment. A descriptive analysis, a multivariate analysis, as well as logistic regression models were used to assess the health outcomes related to stress. A total of 292 workers participated in the study; 100% of participants had a Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale score over the cut-off; 41.78% had a Self rating Anxiety Scale score over the cut-off; the results support a correlation between the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale results and the UK Management Standards Indicator tool results; and a correlation between Self-rating Anxiety Scale results and the UK Management Standards Indicator tool results. The Demand, Management, Support and Relationship results were associated with mental health outcomes, and it could be a useful tool in occupational medicine, to identify workers at risk for negative mental health outcomes, becoming an essential tool in workers' health assessment and for prevention of mental health disorders.

Participation of nurses in the prevention of mental health disorders

The participation of nurses in the prevention of mental disorders and the possibility of increasing their contribution to the organization of this care is currently extremely relevant against the background of the participation of the medical community of the world in general, and the Russian Federation in particular, in the implementation of the achievement of sustainable development goals. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were set by the UN for the period up to 2030 to solve the problems of global and national development. All UN members, including the Russian Federation, are implementing the SDGs to increase economic growth, social development in such sectors of the social sphere as education, healthcare, social protection and employment, as well as environmental protection. In total, 17 such goals have been formed at present. As part of this study, we analyze the participation of nurses in achieving the Goal "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages", which is aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle and promoting "well-being for all at all ages - important components of sustainable development" In this regard, a systematic approach to the early detection of states of psycho-emotional stress and the prevention of mental disorders is required. And a special role in this treatment and preventive activity is played by nurses of various specialties who work in outpatient, inpatient units, and provide primary, multidisciplinary and specialized care to the population. The development of nurses' competencies and, indirectly, the effectiveness of the functioning of a medical organization will be parts of a general system of measures that contribute to the prevention of mental disorders and an increase in the level of mental health.

A longitudinal study on college students’ depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: The trajectories, antecedents, and outcomes

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is not only an immediate hazard but also a long-term risk to the development of depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear how people's depressive symptoms change with the process of COVID-19. Further, there is also a paucity of research on the underlying antecedents and outcomes of depressive symptoms during this global health crisis. In this study, a longitudinal study was conducted in China and the data of 559 participants were collected from the outbreak period to the normalization period of the pandemic through self-report questionnaires. Depressive symptoms were longitudinally analyzed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Core variables involving society, family, individual cognition, and behaviors were studied as determinants or consequences. Latent growth curve model analyses indicated that college students had mild depressive symptoms at the initial stage of COVID-19 with a subsequent decreasing linear slope. Depressive symptoms were significantly predicted by college students’ risk perception of COVID-19, social support, family functioning, and smartphone addiction tendency. Further, their depressive symptoms predicted the changes in smartphone addiction tendency and levels of hope. In conclusion, current findings can provide implications for future prevention and intervention of mental disorders to assist college students through such challenging times.

The Updating and Individualizing of Sleep Hygiene Rules for Non-clinical Adult Populations

Sleep hygiene is essential for the prevention of somatic and mental disorders, including the prevention of sleep disorders. However, it does not typically address individual differences. The aim of this review is threefold: first, to outline the empirical evidence for particular components of sleep hygiene rules; second, to indicate the importance of individualized sleep hygiene application with regard to the varying degree of validity of sleep hygiene rules in the population; third, to highlight a new field of sleep hygiene, namely light hygiene. PubMed and Google Scholar were used to identify studies that were published between 2007 and 2022. A search was conducted for studies related to sleeping rules topics: sleep regularity, regular exercise, alcohol, caffeine, napping, relaxation and meditation, food intake and light exposure. In applying these sleep hygiene principles, it is essential to pay attention to individual variables such as age, genetic predisposition, health status, and substance (caffeine, alcohol) possible dependence.

Hazards of the job: absence of psychosocial risk in Occupational Health Medical Control Programs of slaughterhouses.

Workers from poultry and pork slaughterhouses have a higher frequency of sick leaves due to mental and behavioral disorders than the general working population. This study aims to investigate how the Occupational Health Medical Control Programs of poultry and pork slaughterhouses deal with the psychosocial risk arising from working conditions. This observational-descriptive study of multiple cases is based on documentary research procedures and content analysis of 26 base documents of the Occupational Health Medical Control Program of slaughterhouses located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in October of 2017, with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Only two slaughterhouses acknowledged the existence of psychosocial risks in their Occupational Health Medical Control Program. The study identified that only five companies developed some type of mental health strategy and those initiatives of mental health promotion and prevention of mental and behavioral disorders were classified as having low effectiveness. In their written programs, none of the 26 companies acknowledged that work can be a cause or a concause of mental and behavioral disorders. The non-recognition of psychosocial risk and the possibility of developing mental and behavioral disorders hinders the creation of adequate prevention and promotion actions, thus affecting the effectiveness of the Occupational Health Medical Control Program in terms of mental health preservation and burdening the Social Security system, due to sick leaves.

Systematic review of health promotion policies or regulations with CCAT theory.

One of the five Ottawa Charter's means of action is the concept of "healthy public policy," which is an approach to health promotion that is integrated with public policy. This concept can be used as an approach/method in solving health problems at the broader policy level and involving all sectors comprehensively, not just health promotion at the community level and the partial health sector, so that public health problems can be resolved properly. We conducted a systematic review of health promotion policies or regulations using CCAT theory. The purpose of this study is to find the state of the art of research related to stakeholder synergy in online game addiction prevention policies in adolescents. References and literature for this systematic review were collected from the Proquest, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases. The search uses the boolean phrases "OR" and "AND." Keywords: policy or regulation, health promotion, and community coalition action theory. The results of the systematic review conducted by the researchers showed that of the twenty selected articles, three articles used the coalition/partnership dimension from the CCAT theory, four articles used the stakeholder dimension, two articles used the collaboration dimension, five articles discussed school health policies, policies related to gaming disorders. One article on the analysis of the juvenile contraceptive law, one article on the prevention of mental health disorders, one article on health promotion interventions, and two articles on risk factors and self-regulation focus on online gaming addiction in adolescents. This study concludes that in the future, further research is needed regarding health promotion policies to prevent online game addiction in adolescents to develop specific policy recommendations related to preventing online game addiction in adolescents.

Towards precision psychiatry utilizing large-scale multimodal data paving the way for improved prevention and treatment of mental disorders

Towards precision psychiatry utilizing large-scale multimodal data paving the way for improved prevention and treatment of mental disorders

Prevention of Common Mental Disorders

Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Studys Prevention of Common Mental Disorders Dorota Maria Sikora* Department of Specialist Diagnosis and Therapy in Pszczyna, Poland *Corresponding author: Dorota Maria Sikora, Department of Specialist Diagnosis and Therapy in Pszczyna, Poland Submission: December 02, 2022Published: December 19, 2022 DOI: 10.31031/PPRS.2022.06.000632 ISSN 2639-0612Volume6 Issue2

Social theories of mental illness and its relevance in prevention of psychiatric disorder

Sociological concept of mental illness is based on assumption that outer environment is directly connected with inner psyche of individuals. Any change in outer environment directly affects the people’s psychological milieu by changing itself. Hence destabilize the environment-psyche ecosystem. Sociological theories play a pivotal role in genesis and management of psychiatric disorders. These theories provide the basic framework for treatment and prevention of mental illness. These theories are foundation for various governments and non-government based preventive programmes for mental illness. Overall, there is need of better understanding of sociological theories and its implication in current day practice for prevention and management of mental disorder.

The Association of Resilience with Mental Health in a Large Population-Based Sample (LIFE-Adult-Study)

Resilience describes a good adaptation to adversity. Strengthening resilience is a promising approach in the prevention of mental health problems. Yet, research on the association of resilience with mental health symptoms in the general population is scarce. The aim of our study is to examine comprehensively the association of resilience with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress in a large population-based sample. We analyzed data of n = 3762 participants from the follow-up assessment of the LIFE-Adult-Study, a population-based cohort study in Leipzig. Assessments included resilience (RS-11), depressive symptoms (CES-D), anxiety (GAD-7), and perceived stress (PSQ). The association of resilience with mental health symptoms was examined via multiple linear regression analyses. In our analyses, higher resilience predicted less mental health problems and contributed significantly to the explained variance in mental health outcomes. Women, individuals with previous mental disorders, and those without employment had higher mental health symptoms. Resilience is closely associated with mental health problems in the general population. Vulnerable groups should be targeted with public health measures. Strengthening resilience is a promising approach in the large-scale prevention of mental disorders.