Lung Cancer Prevention Research Articles

C9orf10/Ossa regulates the bone metastasis of established lung adenocarcinoma cell subline H322L-BO4 in a mouse model.

Lung cancer frequently metastasizes to the bones. An in vivo model is urgently required to identify potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer with bone metastasis. We established a lung adenocarcinoma cell subline (H322L-BO4) that specifically showed metastasis to the leg bones and adrenal glands. This was achieved by repeated isolation of metastatic cells from the leg bones of mice. The cells were intracardially injected into nude mice. Survival was prolonged for mice that received H322L-BO4 cells versus original cells (H322L). H322L-BO4 cells did not exhibit obvious changes in general in vitro properties associated with the metastatic potential (e.g., cell growth, migration, and invasion) compared with H322L cells. However, the phosphorylation of chromosome 9 open reading frame 10/oxidative stress-associated Src activator (C9orf10/Ossa) was increased in H322L-BO4 cells. This result confirmed the increased anchorage independence through C9orf10/Ossa-mediated activation of Src family tyrosine kinase. Reduction of C9orf10/Ossa by shRNA reduced cells' metastasis to the leg bone and prolonged survival in mice. These findings indicate that H322L-BO4 cells can be used to evaluate the effect of candidate therapeutic targets against bone metastatic lung cancer cells. Moreover, C9orf10/Ossa may be a useful target for treatment of lung cancer with bone metastasis.

Abstract PR007: Molecular subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma premalignant lesions identifies features associated with aggressive disease

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The five year survival rate had remained stagnant for decades, but more effective screening protocols using low-dose computed tomographic screening for high-risk individuals, along with progress in treatment for advanced-stage lung cancer with targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have helped decrease lung cancer mortality. However, improved approaches to lung cancer prevention and early detection are still urgently needed. Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common form of lung cancer. Following surgical resection of pre-invasive adenocarcinoma in situ, the five-year survival rate approaches 100%. This emphasizes the need for improved understanding of characteristics of aggressive premalignant lesions that would benefit from early interventions. In contrast to the well-characterized histopathologic sequence of lung squamous cell carcinoma, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) are the only known precursors in the sequence of LUAD pathogenesis. The features of AAH and AIS that lead to invasive LUAD are poorly characterized. The relationship of AIS and AAH to the histologically diverse subtypes of LUAD, ranging from the typically slow growing lepidic to aggressive solid subtypes, are also unclear. We hypothesized that transcriptomic changes in subsets of premalignant lesions are linked to distinct genomic and clinicopathologic features of malignant disease. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed exome sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing of laser capture microdissected tissue from tumor margins that included premalignant lesions, invasive tumor, and adjacent normal tissues. With our analysis, we discovered de novo subtypes of LUAD premalignant lesions based on gene expression. One of these subtypes had gene expression alterations similar to aggressive invasive LUAD solid tumors. This molecular adenomatous premalignant lesion subtype was also associated with an increased accumulation of cancer driver mutations. This subtype was further characterized by altered expression of immune-related pathways. Molecular signatures measured in adenomatous PML may thus enhance our understanding of pathway dysregulation and mutational heterogeneity occurring during LUAD carcinogenesis, and implicate immunotherapeutic strategies to prevent their progression to cancer. Citation Format: Kelley Anderson, Linh Tran, Kostyantyn Krysan, William Wallace, Gregory Fishbein, Emily Green, Gang Liu, Hanqiao Liu, Erin Kane, Sarah Mazzilli, Steven Dubinett, Avrum Spira, Marc Lenburg, Jennifer Beane. Molecular subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma premalignant lesions identifies features associated with aggressive disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Cancer Evolution and Data Science: The Next Frontier; 2023 Dec 3-6; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_2):Abstract nr PR007.

Survivin in lung cancer: a potential target for therapy and prevention-a narrative review.

A versatile biomarker, survivin, is highly expressed in proliferating cells of multiple cancers in humans and animals. It is an apoptosis-regulating protein, engaging in a cascade of reactions that involve several other genes and protein interactions. Currently, researchers are investigating its therapeutic potential due to the evidence linking its overexpression to advanced-stage lung cancer. This review is centered around examining survivin-related molecular mechanisms and its therapeutic role specifically in lung cancer. Our objective is to discuss the role of survivin in prognosis and treatment response, shedding light on immune-targeted therapies, as well as outlining future directions for survivin-based vaccines in lung cancer. The PubMed database and the United States National Library of Medicine search engine at the National Institutes of Health were searched on 24 August 2023 to identify published research studies. Searching "((((((airway [Title/Abstract]) OR (lung [Title/Abstract])) OR (pulm[Title/Abstract])) OR (bronch[Title/Abstract])) OR (nslc[Title/Abstract])) AND (((cancer[Title/Abstract]) OR (carcino[Title/Abstract])) OR (oncol[Title/Abstract]))) AND (survivin[Title/Abstract])" gave 728 results. After screening the title and abstracts and excluding the review articles 168 titles were shortlisted and full text studied. The discussions are added to relevant sections. Survivin is a cell cycle-dependent, inhibitor of apoptosis protein that contributes to carcinogenesis, tumor vascularization, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Several treatments that impact survivin either directly or indirectly have been reported as effective in treating lung cancer. Immunity-based therapy, a novel approach known for its targeted nature and minimal side effects, is currently under investigation for lung cancer treatment. Emerging survivin-centered vaccines exhibit promising attributes in terms of safety, effectiveness, and ability to stimulate an immune response. These factors point towards a significant potential for advancing the future of lung cancer prevention and enhancing overall survival rates. Nuclear survivin is a potential biomarker for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. It plays a role in determining drug responsiveness and is found to be significantly elevated in cases of resistance to chemotherapy. Multiple compounds and immunization strategies have been identified to impact lung cancer cells; however, they are currently in the early stages of phase I or phase II clinical trials. The substantial promise of survivin-based immunogenicity-focused treatments warrants in-depth investigation and exploration.

Associations between Plasma Tocopherols and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Despite the various anticancer activities of tocopherols, little is known about tocopherols associated with lung cancer risk among low-income African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) who are disproportionately affected by the disease. We conducted a nested case-control study that included 209 incident lung cancer cases and 406 matched controls within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Using biospecimens collected at cohort enrollment, plasma levels of α-, β/γ-, δ-, and total-tocopherols were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer risk after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses were also conducted. Plasma levels of total-tocopherols were inversely associated with lung cancer risk overall [OR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest tertile = 0.51 (0.30-0.90)]. The inverse association remained significant among EAs [0.20 (0.06-0.65)], men [0.43 (0.21-0.90)], current smokers [0.49 (0.26-0.93)], and cases diagnosed within 2 years of blood draw [0.36 (0.15-0.86)], though we did not find a significant risk reduction among AAs [0.75 (0.39-1.45)]. Notably, we found significant interactions between α-tocopherol and race after controlling the FDR to correct for multiple comparisons (Pinteraction = 0.02). Our results indicate that plasma total-tocopherols are inversely associated with lung cancer risk, but the association may differ across specific isomeric forms of tocopherols, race, or other individuals' characteristics. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm our findings. Recommendations on tocopherols for lung cancer prevention should take isomers, race, and smoking behaviors into consideration.

Spatial and moderating effects of greenspace on the association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence

Lung cancer remains the primary cause of death globally. Studies have increasingly explored the role of greenspace in mitigating lung cancer risks, yet research gaps persist. First, while the direct spatial effect of greenspace has received attention, its potential spillover effects, driven by human mobility and air pollution dispersion, remain underexamined. Second, despite prevalent assertions of greenspace as an air purifier, the extent to which it moderates the air pollution-lung cancer association has yet to be fully understood. Third, the evaluation of greenspace's effects, predominately analyzed linearly a priori, demands exploration into their potential nonlinearity. We utilize three-year lung cancer datasets from 228 counties in China, to investigate the spatial, moderating, and threshold effects of greenspaces on lung cancer incidence in relation to air pollution. Employing spatial econometric and threshold models, our findings indicate that greenspace reduces lung cancer incidence in both local and neighboring counties. We also observe a diminution in the detrimental impact of air pollution on lung cancer incidence in areas with higher greenspace, especially when the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index surpasses a given threshold. These insights contribute to an enhanced understanding of greenspace's role in lung cancer prevention and could inform policies on greenspace expansion prioritization.

Socio-demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis of lung cancer: A French population-based study

BackgroundDiagnosing patients at a non-advanced stage has become a mainstay of lung cancer prevention and control strategies. Understanding socio-demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis may improve the targeting of interventions on patients at higher risk. This study aimed to identify these socio-demographic determinants in a large-scale French population-based cancer registry. MethodsAll incident lung cancers diagnosed between 2008 and 2019 identified from the Poitou-Charentes Cancer Registry (south-west France) were included. Stage at diagnosis was categorised as advanced/non-advanced (TNM III/IV vs I/II) according to the 8th TNM edition, the objective being to ensure a consistent level of prognosis over time. Socio-demographic variables included age, sex, the French European Deprivation Index (EDI) and patient’s place of residence. Their impact on stage at diagnosis was quantified by multivariate logistic regression models with subgroup analyses by histological subtype. ResultsOut of the 15,487 included patients, 75% were diagnosed at an advanced stage (66% to 95% depending on the histological subtype), 17% at a non-advanced stage and 10% at a non-specified stage. Multivariate analysis showed different patterns according to histological subtypes. In patients with adenocarcinoma, a higher risk of advanced stage was found for younger and older patients (u-shape), those most deprived, and those living in rural areas. The same effect of age was reported for squamous cell carcinomas, while no association was found for small-cell lung carcinomas. ConclusionsThis study highlighted substantial socio-demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis, specifically for adenocarcinoma patients. Diagnosis strategies could be refined and strengthened in the non-smoker population, in which adenocarcinomas are mainly reported.

Long-term trends of lung cancer incidence and survival in southeastern China, 2011–2020: a population-based study

BackgroundLung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in China. This study analysed the incidence and survival trends of lung cancer from 2011 to 2020 in Fujian Province, southeast of China, and provided basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsThe population-based cancer data was used to analyse the incidence of lung cancer between 2011 and 2020, which were stratified by sex, age and histology. The change of incidence trend was analysed using Joinpoint regression. The relative survival of lung cancer with onset in 2011–2014, 2015–2017 and 2018–2020 were calculated using the cohort, complete and period methods, respectively.ResultsThere were 23,043 patients diagnosed with lung cancer in seven registries between 2011 and 2020, with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 37.7/100,000. The males ASIR increased from 51.1/100,000 to 60.5/100,000 with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.5%. However, females ASIR increased faster than males, with an APC of 5.7% in 2011–2017 and 21.0% in 2017–2020. Compared with 2011, the average onset age of males and females in 2020 was 1.5 years and 5.9 years earlier, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of adenocarcinoma has increased, while squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma have decreased over the past decade. The 5-year relative survival of lung cancer increased from 13.8 to 23.7%, with a greater average increase in females than males (8.7% and 2.6%). The 5-year relative survival of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma reached 47.1%, 18.3% and 6.9% in 2018–2020, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence of lung cancer in Fujian Province is on the rise, with a significant rise in adenocarcinoma, a younger age of onset and the possibility of overdiagnosis. Thus, Fujian Province should strengthen the prevention and control of lung cancer, giving more attention to the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in females and young populations.

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of lung cancer among smoker's (Adult) in selected rural community area in Jhalawar District (Rajasthan)

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of lung cancer among smoker's (Adult) in selected rural community area in Jhalawar District (Rajasthan)

Exploring the effect of epigallocatechin gallate on non small cell lung cancer.

Human epidemiological studies have shown that diets rich in plant polyphenols have beneficial effects on various diseases including cancer. Epigallocatechin Gallate, a flavonoid polyphenol molecule, has been shown to be both chemotherapeutic and chemo-preventive in the treatment of several forms of cancer, including lung cancer. 80% of cancers of the lungs are non-small cell lung cancers. The study was carried out to see the effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate in non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) using in-vitro studies. Cell Viability Assay was performed using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Wound Healing assay was also performed at different concentrations of the compound. Dexamethasone and Doxorubicin, the drugs with anti-cancer properties served as control. A549 cell lines were used. In the current study, it was demonstrated using Cell viability assay and Wound Healing assay that Epigallocatechin gallate exhibits anti-proliferative activity on A549 lung cancer cells and inhibits cancer cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. It was observed that Epigallocatechin gallate (P = 0.0016, P = 0.0018) could significantly inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells with IC50 values 60.55 ± 1.0 μM. The result of wound Healing assay suggests that Epigallocatechin gallate can inhibit the proliferation and migration of A549 cells with concentrations near or higher to 50 μM. Epigallocatechin gallate's protective effect has been shown in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. This suggests the implication of Epigallocatechin gallate for the prevention and therapy for lung cancer.

Trend Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Xiamen (2011-2020).

To analyze the trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality in Xiamen from 2011 to 2020 and provide some clues for the lung cancer prevention and control. The data was obtained from the Xiamen City Cancer Register in Fujian Province, China. The data was updated on Sep 30, 2023. The codes of C33-C34 were used to identify the lung cancer. The newly diagnosed lung cancer patients during the period of 2011-2020 in Xiamen City were included in the evaluation of incidence and mortality and Cox analysis. A total of 11408 lung cancer patients were enrolled. The crude incidence rate was 52.78 per 100000 and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIWR) was 40.67 per 100000 from 2011 to 2020. Both the crude incidence rate of lung cancer (AAPC =5.92, P value <0.001) and ASIWR (AAPC = 4.93, P value <0.001) showed increasing trends. The crude incidence rate in female increased 4.90 times faster as that in male (AAPC: 12.34/2.52). The crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMWR) were 37.25 per 100000 and 28.30 per100000. The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate (ARS) was 18.62% (95% CI: 17.63-19.67%). The 5-year ARS was higher in women than men (26.35% vs 15.28%) and higher in urban than rural areas (21.44% vs 11.96%). Patients with lower education levels had significantly lower ARS than those with higher education (14.66% vs 31.53%). The 5-year ARS improved notably from 2016-2020 compared to 2011-2015 (22.23% vs 13.21%). Farmers had the lowest ARS among occupations [13.34% (95% CI:11.93-14.92%)]. There were all increasing trends in 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year ARS rates between 2011 and 2020 (all P values of AAPC<0.05). Lung cancer incidence in Xiamen increased, while mortality decreased with improved survival. Developing more perfect need to consider the differences in the social environment and other factors.

Genetic polymorphism of IL-18 influences susceptibility to lung cancer in population of eastern China.

The association of Interleukin-18 (IL-18) genetic polymorphism with lung cancer risk has yielded inconsistent findings in previous studies. The current research aims to clarify the relationship of IL-18 gene polymorphism with lung cancer susceptibility through experimental investigation and meta-analysis, providing insights for lung cancer prevention and treatment. We conducted a thorough search of major databases from their inception until March 2024. OR and 95%CI were calculated to know the results of meta-analysis. The IL-18 gene polymorphism was detected using the PCR-RFLP method. Significant associations were detected across all genetic models in allele contrast (A vs. C: Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.07-1.55, p = 0.006), homozygote comparison (AA vs. CC: OR = 1.87, 95%CI = 1.34-2.62, p < 0.001), recessive genetic model (AA vs. CT/CC: OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.08-2.20, p = 0.018), and dominant genetic model (AA/AC vs. CC: OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.12-1.78, p = 0.003). Three genotypes (AA, AC, and CC) were identified for the IL-18 -607 C/A polymorphism, with significant associations noted for the AA genotype and A allele (p = 0.018 and 0.005, respectively). This is the first study which investigates this polymorphism with lung cancer in population of eastern China. The IL-18 -607 C/A polymorphism appears to significantly increase the risk of lung cancer in the population of Eastern China. Further research is imperative to validate these findings.

Combination drug therapy by herbal nanomedicine prevent multidrug resistance protein 1: promote apoptosis in Lung Carcinoma.

Given the numerous adverse effects of lung cancer treatment, more research on non-toxic medications is urgently needed. Curcumin (CUR) and berberine (BBR) combat drug resistance by controlling the expression of multidrug resistant pump (MDR1). Fascinatingly, combining these medications increases the effectiveness of preventing lung cancer. Their low solubility and poor stability, however, restrict their therapeutic efficacy. Because of the improved bioavailability and increased encapsulation effectiveness of water-insoluble medicines, surfactant-based nanovesicles have recently received a great deal of attention. The current study sought to elucidate the Combination drug therapy by herbal nanomedicine prevent multidrug resistance protein 1: promote apoptosis in Lung Carcinoma. The impact of several tween (20, 60, and 80) types with varied hydrophobic tails on BBR/CUR-TNV was evaluated. Additionally, the MDR1 activity and apoptosis rate of the BBR/CUR-TNV combination therapy were assessed. The encapsulation effectiveness of TNV was affected by the type of tween. With the TNV made from tween 60, cholesterol, and PEG (47.5: 47.5:5), more encapsulation effectiveness was attained. By combining CUR with BBR, especially when given in TNV, apoptosis increased. Additionally, when CUR and BBR were administered in combination, they significantly reduced the risk of MDR1 development. The current work suggests that the delivery of berberine and curcumin as a combination medication therapy via tween-based nanovesicles may be a potential lung cancer treatment.

Changes in DNA Methylation and mRNA Expression in Lung Tissue after Long-Term Supplementation with an Increased Dose of Cholecalciferol.

Maintaining an appropriate concentration of vitamin D is essential for the proper functioning of the body, regardless of age. Nowadays, there are more and more indications that vitamin D supplementation at higher than standard doses may show protective and therapeutic effects. Our study identified differences in the body's response to long-term supplementation with cholecalciferol at an increased dose. Two groups of pigs were used in the experiment. The first group received a standard dose of cholecalciferol (grower, 2000 IU/kg feed, and finisher, 1500 IU/kg feed), and the second group received an increased dose (grower, 3000 IU/kg feed, and finisher, 2500 IU/kg feed). After slaughter, lung samples were collected and used for RRBS and mRNA sequencing. Analysis of the methylation results showed that 2349 CpG sites had significantly altered methylation patterns and 1116 (47.51%) identified DMSs (Differentially Methylated Sites) were related to genes and their regulatory sites. The mRNA sequencing results showed a significant change in the expression of 195 genes. The integrated analysis identified eleven genes with DNA methylation and mRNA expression differences between the analyzed groups. The results of this study suggested that an increased vitamin D intake may be helpful for the prevention of lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. These actions may stem from the influence of vitamin D on the expression of genes associated with collagen production, such as SHMT1, UGT1A6, and ITIH2.The anti-cancer properties of vitamin D are also supported by changes in KLHL3 and TTPA gene expression.

Research on the gene therapy and prevention of lung cancer

In recent years, there have been significant advancements in molecular biology, gene therapy technology, and high-tech testing techniques. As our understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancer continues to deepen, it has become evident that gene therapy plays a crucial role in its treatment. This article provides an overview of tumor cell development, various gene therapy techniques including suicide gene therapy, silent gene therapy, cancer suppressor genetic therapy, and antibody genetic therapy. Additionally, it analyzes the application value, treatment technology, and safety concerns associated with gene therapy. The discussion also covers the safety issues and current application status of viral and nonviral vectors in gene therapy, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different vector types. Furthermore, the article summarizes the future directions for designing and improving gene delivery vectors, along with their clinical application prospects. Ultimately, this article offers insights into the significance and treatment approaches for early prevention of lung cancer.

Microbiology and Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

There are hundreds of billions of bacterial flora distributed in the human skin, oral cavity, nasal cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, urinary tract and vagina. There are currently more than 1,000 known human microbiota species. The microbiome lives symbiotically with our bodies and is a diverse community that includes bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It plays an important role in maintaining the body's internal balance, adjusting the immune system,and influencing genetic factors. Lung cancer ranks first among new malignant tumors and is also the leading cause of death from malignant tumors. Like most cancers, lung cancer is caused by multiple factors and has a complex pathogenesis, which may include susceptible hosts, environmental factors, chronic disease burden, habits such as smoking and drinking,and other unidentified causes. In recent years, with the development of detection technology and the in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment, more and more evidence has confirmed the existence of bacteria within tumors, which has also triggered further in-depth research in this field.Preliminary epidemiological studies have suggested a link between microbes and cancer. This review introduces the sources of microorganisms and their locations, outlines the relationship between lung, oral, and intestinal microbiota and lung cancer and biomolecular mechanisms, and summarizes methods to treat and prevent lung cancer by utilizing these characteristicmechanisms.

The Complex Role of the Microbiome in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Development and Progression.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the relationship between microorganisms in the surrounding environment and cancer cells. While the tumor microenvironment predominantly comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, emerging research highlights the significant contributions of microbial cells to tumor development and progression. Although the impact of the gut microbiome on treatment response in lung cancer is well established, recent investigations indicate complex roles of lung microbiota in lung cancer. This article focuses on recent findings on the human lung microbiome and its impacts in cancer development and progression. We delve into the characteristics of the lung microbiome and its influence on lung cancer development. Additionally, we explore the characteristics of the intratumoral microbiome, the metabolic interactions between lung tumor cells, and how microorganism-produced metabolites can contribute to cancer progression. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on the lung microbiome and its implications for the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Additionally, this review discusses the potential for therapeutic modulation of the microbiome to establish lung cancer prevention strategies and optimize lung cancer treatment.

Willingness for Lung Cancer Screening: Disparities Among Informed, Screening-Eligible Individuals

BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Although lung cancer screening has been shown to reduce mortality, only a small fraction of eligible people receive screening. This study briefly educated screening-eligible individuals about lung cancer risk, prevention, and screening recommendations. We then evaluated race and gender as predictors of willingness to be screened once participants were educated. MethodsAn online lung cancer screening learning module was created and distributed to convenience samples of screening-eligible White Americans (n = 173) and Black Americans (n = 52) between November 2022 and February 2023. Participants viewed short modules about lung cancer risks and screening. Thereafter, participants rated their willingness to consider future screening using theory of planned behavior measurement frameworks (attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intentions to screen), with higher scores indicating greater willingness. Participant demographics were recorded. ResultsBlack Americans reported higher perceived control over obtaining screening than White Americans (t223 = −3.10; P < .001; d = 1.28). We observed no other racial differences in willingness as Black Americans and White Americans reported similar attitudes, normative beliefs, and intentions. Women also showed more positive attitudes and greater intention to be screened than men did (t223 = −2.42; P = .02; d = 1.66). ConclusionsOnce informed about lung cancer risks, prevention, and screening recommendations, Black Americans may be as willing as White Americans to undergo screening, highlighting potential causal factors other than willingness for existing racial disparities in lung cancer screening uptake. Gender differences in willingness highlight a potential need for gender-targeted outreach and communication.

A clinical–radiological predictive model for solitary pulmonary nodules and the relationship between radiological features and pathological subtype

To develop a clinical-radiological model to predict the malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) and to evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography imaging characteristics of SPN in diagnosing pathological type. The predictive model was developed using a retrospective cohort of 601 SPN patients (Group A) between July 2015 and July 2020. The established model was tested using a second retrospective cohort of 124 patients between August 2020 and August 2021 (Group B). The radiological characteristics of all adenocarcinomas in two groups were analysed to determine the correlation between radiological and pathological characteristics. Malignant nodules were found in 78.87% of cases and benign in 21.13%. Two clinical characteristics (age and gender) and four radiological characteristics (calcification, vascular convergence, pleural retraction sign, and density) were identified as independent predictors of malignancy in patients with SPN using logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.748) of the present model was greater than the other two reported models. Diameter, spiculation, lobulation, vascular convergence, and pleural retraction signs differed significantly among pre-invasive lesions, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and invasive adenocarcinoma. Only diameter and density were significantly different among invasive adenocarcinoma subtypes. Older age, male gender, no calcification, vascular convergence, pleural contraction sign, and lower density were independent malignancy predictors of SPNs. Furthermore, the pathological classification can be clarified based on the radiological characteristics of SPN, providing a new option for the prevention and treatment of early lung cancer.

Associations Between Sex-Specific Reproductive Factors and Risk of New-Onset Lung Cancer Among Female Patients

Several characteristics distinguish lung cancer in women from that in men, with adenocarcinoma being more prevalent in women and occurring more frequently in nonsmoking women. Uncertainty surrounds the relationship between women-specific reproductive factors and lung cancer risk. Are sex-specific reproductive factors associated with risk of lung cancer in different genetic risk groups and histological types? A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the association between multiple reproductive factors and the risk of developing lung cancer in a prospective cohort study involving 273,190 women from the UK Biobank. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, smoking status, body mass index, genetic risk, and histological subtype were conducted to further emphasize the modification effects. A total of 1,182 lung cancer in women were recorded over a median follow-up period of 12.0 years in the cohort study. In multivariable-adjusted models, early menarche (age≤11 years: HR 1.22, 95%CI 1.03-1.46), early menopause (age≤46 years: HR 1.49, 95%CI 1.19-1.86), a shorter reproductive span (≤32 years: HR 1.42, 95%CI 1.18-1.71; 33-35 years: HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.00-1.53), and early age at first birth (age≤20 years: HR 1.63, 95%CI 1.33-2.01) were associated with a higher risk of lung cancer. Stratified analysis revealed that several reproductive factors, including early age at menopause, shortened reproductive span, and early age at first birth, had substantially stronger relationship with an elevated risk of lung cancer, particularly of LUAD, in populations with high genetic risk and more detrimental behaviors. Early age at menopause, a shortened reproductive life span, and early age at first birth were associated with higher risks of lung cancer, particularly of LUAD in a subpopulation with higher genetic susceptibility and detrimental behaviors. The evidence provided by this study emphasize the significance of screening for multiple reproductive factors to prevent lung cancer among women.

Dietary and supplementary vitamin C intake and the risk of lung cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies.

Previous cohort studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between dietary or supplementary vitamin C intake and lung cancer risk. These associations were investigated by conducting a meta-analysis of cohort studies. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were utilized, using keywords related to the topic from inception to April 15, 2022. Pooled effect sizes, such as relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 20 cohort studies from 13 articles were included in the final analysis. In a meta-analysis of all studies, there was no significant association between dietary or supplementary vitamin C intake and lung cancer risk (RR/HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-1.01; I2=56.4%; n=20). In the subgroup meta-analysis by the source of vitamin C, dietary vitamin C intake decreased the risk of lung cancer (RR/HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.92; I2=42.5%; n=14), whereas there was no association between supplementary vitamin C intake and lung cancer risk (RR/HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84-1.22; n=4). The present meta-analysis of cohort studies found that dietary vitamin C intake is beneficial for preventing lung cancer, whereas its supplementary intake does not have a beneficial effect.