Injury Prevention Research Articles

Road Traffic Injury Prevention: Bicycle

Abstract Purpose of review We describe recent trends in bicycle-related trauma, associated morbidity and mortality, the disparate effects on adult and pediatric populations, the effects of socioeconomic inequities on injury patterns, and milestones in preventative efforts. Recent findings National data demonstrates a lower incidence of unintentional injuries but a higher number of bicycle-related fatalities in the United States over the past decade. Traumatic brain injury remains the leading cause of mortality and chronic morbidity for bicyclists overall. Extremity and facial trauma predominate among older populations, while children are more susceptible to solid organ injuries and severe trauma with the use of electric bicycles. Factors that improve rider safety include changes in infrastructure, speed limits, and the implementation of dedicated bicycle lanes. Helmet usage is the most critical aspect for reducing bicyclist mortality, though rates of consistent usage in the US remain low, they can be improved with mandatory helmet laws. The lowest rates of helmet use are seen in areas of lower socioeconomic status, with these bicyclists subsequently subject to a greater burden of bicycle-related trauma. Summary Bicycle accidents are relatively common injuries in both adults and children. Road traffic accidents (RTAs), including those involving bicycles and electric bicycles (E-bikes), contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality across age groups. The focus in mitigating these injuries is on preventive measures, emphasizing the role of infrastructure improvements, public policies, and educational initiatives. The review discusses the trends in bicycle-related trauma, disparities affecting different age groups, socioeconomic influences on injury patterns, and recent advancements in injury prevention strategies.

Analysis of Burn Casualties in the Swords of Iron War

Abstract The Swords of Iron (SOI) War is an armed conflict between Israel and Hamas, which has been taking place in Gaza from October 2023 until the present time of writing this article. This war is characterized by urban close contact combat. The combat equipment, weaponry, and protective measures employed, differ markedly from those in previously documented major conflicts, significantly impacting the types of injuries sustained by soldiers. This study examines the number of injured soldiers in combat, field mortality rates, incidence of burns and trauma, demographic details of the injured, causes and distribution of injuries, burn characteristics, hemodynamic status, and injury severity. This is a retrospective, registry-based cohort study. Military personnel treated by IDF medical teams with burn injuries from the ground maneuver in Gaza between October 27th, 2023 to April 2024 were included in the analysis. Diagnosis of burn injuries was made in the prehospital setting and recorded in the patient’s casualty cards and the IDF trauma registry and/or in the hospitals, and then recorded by the Israel National Trauma Registry. A total of 2,627 documented military personnel were included. Of them, there was a total of 249 burn casualties. They were all male combat soldiers and their mean age was 22 years. Most of the burn injuries were combined with other injuries, only 12% were defined as in shock state, and 14% received whole blood in the field. The burn degree was second and third degree for most cases. A third (34%) of burn injured soldiers had surgery (Table 2), and half of the total were sent to rehabilitation departments following their initial hospitalization. An analysis of total body surface area (TBSA)% affected by burns among SOI War casualties reveals a higher proportion of severe burns exceeding 20% TBSA, compared to previous conflicts. Additionally, a higher proportion of personnel suffered from second and third degree burns. This is likely attributed to the operational mode of the IDF in Gaza, where urban close-contact warfare exposes soldiers to heightened risks of explosive and blast injuries. A significant percentage of live casualties had TBSA percentages that were not life-threatening, which underscores the importance of updating emergency burn treatment protocols and employing rapid evacuation and medical response systems in the field. Most of the wounded that suffer from significant burns had other significant and life-threatening injuries, making the appropriate protective measures and the preparation for rapid evacuation the best way to improve burn casualty survival. The significance of this research lies in the timely analysis of accumulated combat data to derive lessons and conclusions relevant to ongoing and future conflicts, and to understand the clinical implications arising from combat situations. Given the relatively high prevalence of burn injuries, understanding their etiology, severity, and consequences is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment courses.

Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Preschool Children in Goa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Preschool Children in Goa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Research on the biomechanical characteristics of basketball player injuries and their application in sports rehabilitation

Basketball is a dynamic sport, characterized by fast moves, powerful hops, and constant changes in direction, which contributes to its great intensity and excitement. However, these same features elevate athletes to a risk of various types, which include the most common ones such as ligament tears, knee problems, and ankle sprains. The knowledge of the risk factors associated with particular movement patterns and environmental conditions is made possible by knowledge of the biomechanical qualities of these injuries is crucial if one has to develop effective preventive and rehabilitation strategies. The purpose of the study is to establish the biomechanical characteristics of basketball player injuries and their application in sports rehabilitation. The study proposed a novel Tunicate Swarm Optimized Flexible Extreme Boosting (TSO-FXGBoost) to predict the injuries of basketball players and their sports rehabilitation. Player’s motion data capture sessions utilize cameras and sensors to record their biomechanics during basketball activities. A Gaussian filter was employed to process the data to eliminate the noise present in the biomechanical data. Principal component analysis (PCA) served as a dimensionality reduction approach to extract relevant features from the pre-processed data. The results demonstrate that certain biomechanical features have a strong correlation with the occurrence of injuries, which indicates great potential in the strategies of prevention of injuries. In a comparative analysis, the suggested approach performs various assessment metrics such as accuracy (98%), recall (96.2%), precision (98.49%), and F1 score (97.8%). The suggested approach and rehabilitation strategies can be customized to each player’s unique biomechanical profile, improving rehabilitation times and lowering the risk of re-injury.

GRK2 mediates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury via the modulation of NOX4.

The present study investigated the function of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in acute liver injury (ALI) by cisplatin, and investigated the protective effect of pharmacological inhibition of GRK2. ALI models were generated in global adult hemizygous (ALI-Grk2±) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Liver biochemistry parameters and histopathology were used to evaluate the severity of ALI and the protective effect of pharmacological inhibition of GRK2. GRK2-siRNA was used to knock down the expression of GRK2 in AML12 cells in vitro. ALI model mice exhibited increased blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and abnormal liver pathology accompanied by imbalanced L-glutathione (GSH) levels. Cisplatin administration upregulated GKR2, p-GRK2 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression in the liver tissues of ALI model mice. Compared to WT mice injected with cisplatin, Grk2± mice that received cisplatin showed significant improvements in liver function and pathological performance, decreased NOX4 levels, reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and diminished liver cell apoptosis. In vitro, the transfection of AML12 cells with siRNA significantly reduced NOX4 expression and inhibited cisplatin-induced reactive oxygen species production, ER stress (increased levels of GRP94, GRP78, p-elF2α and CHOP) and apoptotic death. Moreover, pharmacological treatment with drugs that inhibit GRK2 (CP-25 or paroxetine) significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced ALI by improving liver pathological manifestations, inhibiting oxidative stress and ER stress, and reducing liver cell apoptosis. Similar results were observed in vitro. GRK2 mediates the development of cisplatin-induced ALI by modulating NOX4 and ER stress. Pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 with CP-25 or paroxetine effectively alleviated ALI. GRK2 can be used as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of liver injury.

Watch your eyes: Workplace ocular hazards presenting at a tertiary eye care centre in south India

: Eye injuries can majorly affect individuals by reducing quality of life. In this study we report the prevalence of ocular trauma and the proportion of vision loss due to trauma presenting in tertiary care center.To evaluate the prevalence of occupational ocular injuries and the degree of visual loss in patients attending a tertiary eye care hospital in South India.The study was a retrospective observational study, which included patient’s aged 16 years and older attending Outpatient department of a tertiary eye care hospital following ocular trauma at workplace. The study took place across a six-month duration. A detailed demographic profile and history of the patient was documented. Patient underwent comprehensive ocular examination and further orbital imaging if necessary. The ocular injuries were classified using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System.This study included 210 patients, with a mean age group of 21-30 years. Men had a more than five-times higher rate of eye injury at work than women; with the most common mode of injury being metallic foreign body (75%). The predominant ocular injuries were categorized as closed globe injuries with 83 % incidence. 67% of the patients needed surgical intervention.Most work-related eye injuries often result from inadequate eye protection, with the majority of affected patients being young men, which highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures early in their careers. This study underscores the need of awareness and prevention programs for eye protection at workplace.

Associations between self-compassion and moral injury among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) can face situations that conflict with their moral beliefs, leading to moral injury, an adverse psychological consequence that was more frequent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-compassion is a potential coping mechanism for moral injury by encouraging acceptance of human limitations and suffering. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-compassion components and moral injury prevalence among HCWs in Quebec, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study design was employed. Participants: and research context: The sample of this study consisted of HCWs and leaders from the Quebec province. Participants completed validated self-administered questionnaires assessing both positive and negative self-compassion components (self-kindness vs self-judgment; common humanity vs isolation; and mindfulness vs overidentification) and moral injury dimensions (self-oriented and other-oriented). Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between self-compassion components and moral injury dimensions were modeled using Poison robust regressions. The models were adjusted for various covariates, including sex, age, gender, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale in Quebec, Canada. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participating in the study. Additionally, permission was sought and obtained from the original authors of the tools used in this study, including the self-compassion and moral injury scales. The study involved 572 HCWs (60.5% nurses) and leaders. Around half of the participants (50.70%) exhibited moderate levels of self-compassion, while the prevalence of low levels of self-compassion ranged from 21.68% to 48.08% for the positive subscales and from 23.78% to 44.41% for the negative subscales. Regarding moral injury, 10.14% of participants reported moderate to high self-oriented moral injury, 29.19% reported moderate to high other-oriented moral injury, and 13.81% demonstrated moderate to high total moral injury. Higher self-compassion levels were associated with lower moral injury prevalence. HCWs with high self-compassion had a 93% lower likelihood of experiencing moral injury (PR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03-0.19). Self-kindness demonstrated the strongest association with reduced moral injury (PR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.52), followed by mindfulness (PR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.75). However, common humanity did not show a statistically significant association with moral injury prevalence. These findings suggest a potential association between self-compassion and reduced prevalence of moral injury among HCWs, highlighting promising interventions to manage moral injury during crises. Such initiatives could promote the mental wellbeing of HCWs and preventing the negative consequences of moral injury, including anxiety, depression, and burnout.

Co-use of cannabis and alcohol among adults and the burden of traumatic brain injury from fall-related events

ABSTRACT Background Co-use of cannabis and alcohol is an emerging trend that can exacerbate injury outcomes. While research has focused on younger age groups, there is a need to examine consequences associated with co-use among adults populations. Falls represent a leading cause of injury among older adults. Coupled with substance use, injuries associated with falls may be more severe. Objectives To examine the burden of fall-related head injury among adults who co-use cannabis and alcohol. Methods Emergency department data from the 2019–2022 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were analyzed for fall-related head injuries associated with co-use of cannabis and alcohol among middle-aged and older adults aged 55–75. Results An annualized estimate of 545,276 fall-related injuries occurred. Patients who presented with co-use of cannabis and alcohol had the highest prevalence of TBI (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.25–2.25) and CMF injuries (PR 1.70; 95% CI 1.38–2.03) when contrasted to the alcohol-only or cannabis-only groups. Conclusions Results highlight the burden of co-use of cannabis and alcohol on fall-related head injuries. Healthcare providers, policymakers, patients, and caregivers should be aware of these risks and prioritize targeted interventions to mitigate the impact on the health and safety of older individuals.

Provision of online information and resources for resistance training in Australian youth sports: A scoping review

Objectives This study aimed to identify and synthesize online information/resources related to resistance training provided by governing bodies of the ten most popular youth sports in Australia. Design A scoping review. Methods The top 10 organised out-of-school sports were eligible for the review. A systematic search of national sporting organisation and associated websites was conducted, using key search terms. Data were extracted regarding information and/or resources aligning with current international youth muscle-and-bone strengthening activity guidelines (i.e., 5–17 years, three days per week). Results For all ten sports, information/resources on resistance training were provided for athletes or coaches, however the type of information and level of detail varied. There was lack of consistency between guidelines and information provided by sports. Age of commencement recommendations ranged from four years (athletics) to 14 years (Australian football), whilst others suggested resistance training for all ages (gymnastics) or did not provide an explicit age range (tennis and cricket). Regarding frequency, few sports organisations provided a recommendation for how many days per week resistance training should be performed. Some sports alluded to the need for youth to develop muscular fitness to enhance fitness and performance, whilst others focused primarily on the need for resistance training as an injury prevention tool. Conclusions Our findings highlight the gap that exists in the provision of information in relation to resistance training in Australian sports. It is important that national sporting organisations look to educate athletes and coaches (and parents) from grassroots levels on the need for muscular fitness.

Role of Nutrition and Hydration in Injury Prevention and Recovery: A Review

Introduction and Purpose: Nutrition and hydration play critical roles in supporting athletic performance, injury prevention, and effective recovery, impacting both amateur and elite athletes. This literature review explores current evidence on nutritional and hydration strategies that promote musculoskeletal health, reduce injury risk, and optimize recovery following injury. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on articles published up until the end of 2023. Keywords used in the search included: “nutrition strategies”, “hydration”, “injury prevention”, “nutrition” and “recovery”. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic and quality of evidence. Results: The review reveals that hydration plays a critical role in reducing the risk of injury and optimizing recovery. Dehydration is associated with increased muscle fatigue, cramps, and a greater likelihood of heat-related injuries, impairing physical performance. Furthermore, nutritional strategies, particularly protein intake post-exercise, are essential for muscle recovery, reducing inflammation, and speeding up the healing process. Conclusions: Implementing appropriate dietary strategies, including adequate hydration, balanced macronutrient intake, and electrolyte replenishment, can significantly reduce the risk of injury, enhance performance, and accelerate recovery times.

Global prevalence and pattern of injuries in basketball players: a systematic review.

Basketball, as a widely popular sport, can be associated with a high risk of injury. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of basketball-related injuries in various groups through the utilization of a systematic review methodology. An extensive search was conducted in the four valid databases using three groups of keywords up to November 2023 based on the PRISMA guidance. Two reviewers independently performed the steps of the study, including study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. In case of any disagreements, the opinion of a third researcher was sought to achieve agreement in each step. The agreement between the reviewers was examined by computing Cohen's kappa coefficient. The quality assessment of the articles in this study was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. The prevalence range of injuries in these people was between 0.38% and 92.0%. Ankle injuries in 12 out of 28 studies (42.86%), knee injuries in 7 out of 28 studies (25.00%), head and tooth injuries in 3 out of 28 studies (10.71%), and shoulder and hand injuries in three out of 28 studies (10.71%) had the highest prevalence among various injuries. Five out of six studies (83.33%) showed a higher percentage of the injuries in males. Only a study compared the prevalence of injuries between people with various ages. These findings emphasize the need for injury prevention and management strategies, particularly targeting vulnerable areas like the ankle and knee.

The effectiveness of neuromuscular training warm-up program for injury prevention in adolescent male basketball players

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up program on injury incidence, neuromuscular function, and program adherence, maintenance and acceptance in adolescent basketball players. A total of 275 players from 20 Slovenian teams (15 ± 1.7 years of age), were randomized into an intervention group (IG, n=129) and a control group (CG, n=146). Over three months, the IG incorporated NMT into their warm-ups, while the CG followed their usual practice. Measurements of body anthropometry, muscle contractile properties, and balance were taken before and after the intervention. Also, the injury incidence, training adherence and maintenance were reported. Both groups showed improved balance, with no significant difference between them. However, IG demonstrated reduced delay times in specific muscles, indicating improved neuromuscular function. Injury prevalence proportion (%) during the whole study period was higher in the control group compared to intervention (IG: 10.9% vs. CG: 23.3%), and incidence rate. Moreover, the incidence rate ratio for sustaining an injury was 2.6 on average (ranging from 0.88 to 7.07 for tendon and muscle injuries, respectively), indicating significantly lower injury risk in IG than CG. These findings highlight the effectiveness of NMT warm-ups in reducing injury risk and enhancing neuromuscular function, emphasizing the value of structured injury prevention strategies in youth sports..

Optimization design of biomechanical parameters based on advanced mathematical modelling

In recent years the use of biomechanics in athletic training and performance has received a lot of attention, especially in university sports programs. Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical principles that control how biological things move or are constructed. It is critical for understanding the intricate relationships between physical performance, body mechanics, and injury prevention. The objective of this study is to establish how biomechanical variables can be designed and optimized in universities using mathematical modeling. In this study, a novel Emperor Penguin Search-driven Dynamic Feedforward Neural Network (EPSO-DFNN) is proposed to optimize the biomechanical parameters of athletes. Various biomechanical data are utilized from athletes participating in different sports. Biomechanical parameters include muscle activation patterns, joint angles, forces, and movement. The data was preprocessed using Z-score normalization from the obtained data. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using features is extracted from preprocessed data. The proposed method is to identify the optimal configurations for athlete’s movements tailored to their sports and individual biomechanical profiles. The proposed method is the performance of various evaluation metrics such as F1-score (92.76%), precision (91.42%), accuracy (90.02%), and recall (89.69%). The result demonstrated that the proposed method effectively improved the performance in athletic capabilities compared to other traditional algorithms. This study demonstrates how mathematical modeling may be used to optimize biomechanical characteristics, providing insightful information that can be used to improve athletic performance and encourage safer behaviors in athletic settings.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Affects the Risk of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.

High birth weight increases the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Macrosomia is a well-known complication in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gestational diabetes is a risk factor for obstetric anal sphincter injury. We hypothesized that women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PubMed and Embase databases. Studies including numbers on women with and without gestational diabetes and with and without obstetric anal sphincter injury were included. Studies were assessed using the SIGN-methodology checklist to evaluate the quality and risk of bias. Extracted data was analyzed using RevMan 5.4 and the statistical software R. Twelve cohort studies were included for the meta-analyses. Overall, we found a slightly increased prevalence of obstetric anal sphincter injury among the women with gestational diabetes of 2.40% (95% CI; 2.37-2.43) compared to 2.31% (95% CI; 2.30-2.32) in women without diabetes. The meta-analysis revealed increased risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury in the gestational diabetes-group (RR 1.24 [95% CI; 1.12-1.37]) with a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). Primiparous women with gestational diabetes had an increased risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury 6.65% (95% CI; 6.18-7.14) compared to 4.98% (95% CI; 4.89-5.08) in the control group, whereas the risk was not significantly increased in multiparous women. The risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury is increased in primiparous women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to women without gestational diabetes.

Prior Musculoskeletal Injury and Components of Physical Fitness in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Military personnel confront heightened risks of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) because of the demanding nature of their duties, contributing to restricted active duty and financial burdens. Although preventable factors like training and physical fitness influence some injuries, understanding the enduring effects of previous MSIs on physical fitness in military personnel remains a critical gap. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze this impact. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, focusing on military personnel with and without a history of MSIs. Physical fitness components were assessed via observational studies, with isokinetic peak torque values as primary metrics. Quality assessments utilized the NIH Quality Assessment Tool and GRADE framework. Out of 36 papers, 6 met inclusion criteria, with 4 included in the meta-analysis. Across 1,267 participants, individuals with prior MSIs exhibited a significant reduction in the pooled effect size for isokinetic peak muscle force, with d+ = -0.25 (95% CI: -0.36 to -0.13), notably affecting knee and shoulder regions. These findings underscore the pervasive impact of MSIs on military personnel's physical performance, necessitating targeted interventions. Military personnel with prior MSIs exhibit enduring deficits in isokinetic peak muscle force, particularly in knee and shoulder regions. However, evidence on the impact of previous injuries on other physical fitness components remains limited. Further research is crucial to understanding the multifaceted impact of MSIs on diverse aspects of physical performance, informing comprehensive injury prevention strategies and optimizing performance outcomes among military personnel.

Incidence of injury among male Varsity Cup Young Guns rugby players in South Africa.

The physical nature of the sport of rugby results in a high incidence of injury, even in university rugby, compared to other contact sport codes. Rugby Union lacks injury data focusing on university student-athletes, specifically in South Africa. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of injury among male rugby players participating in the Varsity Cup Young Guns national rugby tournament. The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational research design. A total of 252 rugby players, males aged 18 to 20 years, who played for their university rugby team in the 2022 Varsity Cup Young Guns national tournament were conveniently recruited to determine the incidence of overall, match, and training injuries (number of injuries/1000 hours) for the 2022 tournament. The overall injury incidence for all players was 9.5 injuries/1000 player-hours. The injury incidence for all players during matches was 136.5 injuries/1000 match-hours, whereas during training it was 0.6 injuries/1000 training-hours. The injury incidence was greater for backs than forwards (150.6 injuries/1000 match-hours vs. 124.1 injuries/1000 match-hours, respectively). The lower limb was the most commonly injured anatomical site with 36.6% (95% CI: 27.7-48.3%), while the common types of injuries were the joints (41.6%, 95% CI: 29.9-49.9%) and muscles (28.7%, 95% CI: 20.8-38.0%). A statistically significant association was found between the playing position and the phase of play in which injury occurred (χ2<inf>(1)</inf>=160.2; P=0.021). This study reported a high injury incidence, especially during matches, in the Varsity Cup Young Guns tournament. It is recommended that prospective, incidence-based studies be used to precisely determine the incidence, nature, severity and mechanisms of injury. An injury surveillance system should be implemented, specifically within Varsity Cup rugby to inform, support, and improve current injury prevention strategies.

Load Monitoring Methods for Controlling Training Effectiveness on Physical Conditioning and Planning Involvement: A Narrative Review

Monitoring the training load during training is important for quantifying the demand on psychological and physiological responses. This procedure is achieved through subjective and objective methods applied to the control of the level of training, to the attainment of conditioning and performance goals, and to the prevention of injuries. Training load refers to either external load, such as the variables of speed, distance, accelerations, and decelerations, or internal load, which is related to the psychological and physiological responses during an exercise session or training period (e.g., rating of perceived exertion—RPE; and heart rate—HR). To measure external load, traditional methods include pedometers, accelerometers, global positioning systems, and volume load. For internal load, methods include RPE, training monotony, strain, and impulse, HR, hormonal and biochemical markers, and training diaries and questionnaires. The current review reinforces the assumption that the methods should be combined to improve confidence with the information, mainly when assessing internal load stress during training. Moreover, training load provides an objective assessment of performance levels and involvement in different training phases, thus providing relevant information to analyse strategies for the effectiveness of conditioning progress, performance enhancement, and injury prevention.

Retraction Note: Quantum sensors in sports biomechanics in revolutionizing injury prevention

Retraction Note: Quantum sensors in sports biomechanics in revolutionizing injury prevention

Profiling Shoulder Strength in Youth Surfers: Implications for Injury Prevention and Performance Enhancement

The scapular region has the highest incidence of acute injuries in surfing. However, little is known about the shoulder strength profile in surfers. The aim of this research was to establish the profile of internal and external rotation strength in a group of youth surfing athletes. Methods: Isometric shoulder internal and external rotation strength was measured using a portable dynamometer in 41 (19 boys e 22 girls) youth surfing athletes (13.3 ± 2.1 years, 49.3 ± 9.8 kg, and 157.4 ± 9.5 cm). Regardless of gender, no significant differences were found between shoulder internal and external rotation strength. However, internal rotation strength was bilateral greater than external rotation strength. When comparing boys and girls, statistically significant differences were only found for the left-arm internal rotation strength when adjusted for body mass. Boys exhibited more strength than girls in all situations. No differences were observed based on the surfer's stance. The data from this research provides valuable information for coaches and trainers working with young surfers, allowing a deeper understanding of the specific shoulder strength profile, for a more effective development of training programs.

Academic Medical Centers Must Lead in Firearm Injury Prevention Education

Academic Medical Centers Must Lead in Firearm Injury Prevention Education