Prevalence Of Human Papillomavirus Infection Research Articles

Preparation and evaluation of IgY against human papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major global health challenge and is closely related to the occurrence of diseases such as cervical cancer. Unfortunately, effective treatments are still lacking. In view of the advantages of antibody drugs, antibody-targeted therapy may become one of the means of treatment and prevention of HPV infection. This study explores the potential of antibody-targeted therapy using immunization with HPV nine-valent vaccine in Leghorn chickens. The resulting egg yolk antibodies (IgY) was extracted from eggs using the bitter-ammonium sulfate method and confirmed through SDS-PAGE analysis. The neutralizing titer was performed by pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody experiments, which could reach 1:2000 (18.2μg/mL). This successful preparation of IgY against HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58-L1 protein showed its potential as a therapeutic agent, particularly post-HPV16 infection. This work lays the groundwork for HPV-specific IgY preparation and contributes to advancing targeted therapies for cervical cancer, prompting further research in HPV-related therapeutic approaches.

Prevalence OF HPV IN a Peruvian Healthcare Network: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted infection often associated with cancer development. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV in women receiving care at the AUNA healthcare network in Peru. We conducted an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. A de-identified database of HPV-positive women who underwent the BD Onclarity™ HPV Assay between December 2018 and December 2021 at Auna clinics was analyzed. The database contained information regarding age, city, and HPV type. High-risk HPV types were analyzed individually (16, 18, 31, 45, 51, 52) and pooled [P1 (33, 58), P2 (56,59,66), and P3 (35,39,68)]. The study was approved by an independent research ethics committee in Peru. Of 68,714 women included in the study, the HPV prevalence was 14.21% (N = 9765, 95%CI:13.95%-14.47%). The highest prevalence was detected in Piura (16.85%, 95%CI:15.40%-18.38%), where HPV-51, HPV-52, HPV-P1, HPV-P2, and HPV-P3 were most common compared to other Peruvian cities included in the study. In Arequipa, the prevalence was the lowest (13.58%, 95%CI:12.38%-14.85%), but the percentage prevalence of HPV-16 was the highest compared to other cities. The prevalence of multiple HPV infections was 2.88% (N = 1981, 95%CI:2.76%-3.01%), with most of them co-presenting two types of HPV (N = 1522). The most frequent co-occurrences were P2 and P3, P2 and 52, and P2 and 16. Among HPV-positive women, the mean age was 41.31 years (±9.48) and 25.29% were in the 31-35 years group. HPV-P2 was the most frequent in all age groups except in the 65-72 years group, where HPV-P3 was the most common. HPV prevalence was shown to be highest in Piura, with the most prevalent types being HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-P2 (HPV-56, -59, -66). HPV infection was found to be more frequent among women in the 31-35 years age group.

Durability of immunogenicity at 5 years after a single dose of human papillomavirus vaccine compared with two doses in Tanzanian girls aged 9-14 years: results of the long-term extension of the DoRIS randomised trial.

WHO has recommended that one dose of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can be given to individuals aged 9-20 years to prevent HPV infection. Estimating durability of immune responses after a single dose in the target age for vaccination is important. We report immunogenicity results in Tanzanian girls up to 5 years after receiving a dose. In this open-label, randomised controlled trial (the Dose Reduction Immunobridging and Safety Study of Two HPV Vaccines in Tanzanian Girls [DoRIS] trial), 930 Tanzanian schoolgirls aged 9-14 years were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive one, two, or three doses of either the two-valent vaccine (Cervarix; GSK, Wavre, Belgium) or nine-valent vaccine (Gardasil-9; Merck Sharp & Dohme, Haarlem, Netherlands). Seropositivity specific to HPV16 or HPV18, antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), and antibody avidity were measured annually up to month 36. Participants in the one-dose and two-dose groups were followed annually in a long-term extension of the DoRIS trial to month 60; the primary outcome was seropositivity specific to HPV16 or HPV18 comparing one dose with two doses. Single-dose seropositivity for HPV16 IgG antibodies at month 60 with either vaccine was more than 99% and non-inferior to two doses. 98% of girls in the one-dose two-valent vaccine group and 93% in the one-dose nine-valent group were seropositive for HPV18 at month 60; however, the non-inferiority criteria for HPV18 seropositivity comparing one dose with two doses were not met. Although HPV16 and HPV18 antibody GMCs after one dose were lower than those observed after two doses, antibody GMCs in the one-dose groups remained stable from month 12 to month 60. There was no evidence of a difference between the one-dose and two-dose groups in HPV16 or HPV18 antibody avidity at month 36 for either vaccine. A single dose of HPV vaccine in girls aged 9-14 years continues to provide stable immune responses 5 years after vaccination, although ongoing surveillance for potential waning immunity after a single dose is needed. Participants are being followed up to 9 years after vaccination. UK Department of Health and Social Care, UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, Global Challenges Research Fund, UK Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust through the Joint Global Health Trials Scheme; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

P-1390. Anorectal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in HIV-Positive Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Nicaragua

Abstract Background HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections, including anorectal HPV, with the consequent likelihood of neoplasia at that level. There is a complete lack of information on this situation in Nicaragua. This study explores and establishes for the first time the prevalence of anorectal HPV infection in HIV-positive MSM and its correlation with cytological abnormalities, and some associated behavioral, virological, and immunological factors in Nicaragua.Figure 1.Prevalence of HPV Anorectal Infection in MSM HIV Positive Diagnosed by RT-PCR Xpert HPV. Methods A prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted between January 2023 at December 2023, at Dr. Fernando Vélez Paiz Hospital, Antonio Lenin Fonseca Hospital, and Manolo Morales Hospital in the city of Managua, Nicaragua. HIV-positive MSM patients were enrolled to the study with prior consent. Anorectal swab samples were processed by molecular method for HPV detection (GeneXpert HPV®) of different genotypes individually or grouped into genetic patterns (16, 18/45, P3: 31/32/35/52, P4: 51/59, and P5: 39/56/66/68). In addition, anorectal Pap smears were performed for cytopathology study. All samples were processed in the microbiology and pathology laboratories of the Dr. Fernando Vélez Paiz Hospital, the main center of the research.Figure 2.Different Genotypes Detected by Xpert HPV Anorectal Infection in MSM HIV Positive. Results A total of 44 patients were enrolled in the study. A significant proportion of patients declined to participate in the study. The mean age was 35.2 ± 12.4 years. Most of the patients reported having a passive or versatile sexual role. 22.7% were naïve to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The prevalence of anorectal HPV infection was 86.3% (Figure 1). The most frequent genotype was HPV 16 (21.7%) (Figure 2). In the combined genotype patterns, P3 (31/32/35/52) was observed in 40.5% of patients. All patients were infected with more than one genotype. 31.5% of those infected had cytological abnormalities, the most frequent being low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (Table 1). HPV-positive patients were younger, had a higher viral load, and a lower CD4+ lymphocyte count (Table 2).Table 1.Abnormalities in Anal Papanicolau in MSM HIV-positive con HPV Infection Diagnosed by Xpert HPV. Conclusion The prevalence of anorectal HPV infection in this study is high, with serotype 16 being the most frequent. Almost a third of them have altered cytology, with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion being the most frequent finding.Table 2.Differences in Age, HIV Viral Load and Count of Lymphocyte CD4+ in MSM HIV-Positive with and wihtout HPV Infection Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

ULACNet-301, OPTIMO protocol: optimizing HPV vaccination regimen for cancer prevention in children and adolescents living with HIV

BackgroundPersistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with most cervical and anal cancer cases and a large fraction of other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The prophylactic HPV vaccines are known to prevent HPV infections and HPV-associated disease, although there is evidence of reduced response to the HPV vaccination among individuals living with HIV. Prior studies among individuals without HIV suggest that a single HPV vaccine dose induces humoral immune responses that, while lower than those induced by two or three doses, still confer protection against HPV infection. Current recommendations for HPV vaccine include a single-dose schedule for children 9–14-years-olds without HIV. Although two to three doses are recommended for children living with HIV (CLWH), there is very limited data comparing responses to one vs. 2–3 doses in CLWH.MethodsThe OPTIMO study will compare immune responses to HPV vaccination in CLWH by measuring antibody and memory B cell (Bmem) responses after 1, 2, or 3 doses of the 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine, Gardasil-9. A comparison group of children without HIV will receive one dose of the vaccine. The durability of the response will be assessed at 24 months after the last dose of a given regimen. The OPTIMO trial will take place among CLWH from low and middle-income country (LMIC) settings in Peru, Brazil, and Haiti.DiscussionPrevious studies of single-dose regimens in individuals without HIV raise questions about whether one dose would suffice for CLWH and, if not, whether two or three doses are needed to provide protection against HPV-related cancers. These questions have operational consequences in LMICs given the barriers to delivering multiple doses, uneven availability, and intermittent shortages of HPV vaccines. In addition, information on HIV status for children and adolescents is rarely available during vaccination campaigns based in schools or public health clinics, so CLWH may receive a single dose despite policy recommendations that they receive two or three. This study will provide evidence on the optimal number of doses needed for CLWH that can inform HPV vaccination campaigns in LMICs, especially those with a higher burden of HIV infection and higher incidence of HPV-related cancers.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04265950.

Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cytological Atypia in Female Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients.

Female recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at high risk of developing human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated lesions and (pre)cancer. We describe the results of a cervical cancer screening program in these women. From 2010 to 2022, 70 female recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our institution entered a standardized protocol of gynecological evaluation. HPV testing, Papanicolaou smear, and thorough gynecological examinations were conducted in all the women. The cumulative prevalence of HPV infection was 21.4% (15/70). Ten of 70 women (14.3%) had a positive HPV test result in the first gynecological evaluation and 5 additional women (7.1%) became positive during follow-up. Thirteen women (18.5%) presented cytohistological lesions (3 high-grade lesions and 10 low-grade lesions). Twenty-nine women (41.4%) showed HPV-negative reactive atypical abnormalities related to the conditioning treatment, which closely mimicked HPV-associated lesions, which spontaneously disappeared during follow-up. Gynecological evaluation should be maintained over time, as a significant proportion of these women may become HPV positive during follow-up. Reactive benign, atypical changes related to the treatment, which closely mimic HPV-associated lesions, are a frequent finding in these women. HPV testing is a key tool for the evaluation of these patients, as it allows for identifying women at risk and excluding cytological mimickers.

Ethical analysis of the fair selection of participants in Human Papillomavirus prevention research

Introduction: human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the leading cause of cervical cancer. The transmission of this virus occurs primarily through sexual contact. Therefore, research supported by ethical principles must equitably select both men and women as participants, given that both groups benefit from the findings.Objective: to analyze the selection of participants in studies on HPV infection prevention from an ethical perspective.Methods: a narrative review was conducted following the recommendations of Cronin, Ryan, and Coughlan. The databases WoS, PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL Complete were consulted, identifying 530 articles. After removing duplicates and applying predefined eligibility criteria, 19 manuscripts were selected.Results: a significant proportion of the studies originated from Africa. The participants were predominantly women, students, and individuals aged between 27 and 36 years. The findings reveal a bioethical concern regarding the exclusion of certain groups from research, which may cause or exacerbate health disparities, particularly among vulnerable populations.Conclusions: access to research must include both men and women to gather information that supports the development of inclusive regulations and policies for the entire population. Groups underrepresented in research do not adequately benefit from the advantages such studies generate

Effect of information awareness on attitudes toward human papillomavirus vaccination intentions in Japan.

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate among Japanese high school girls remains critically low, reflecting ongoing public apprehension and misinformation. This study explores the relationship between information presentation and attitudes toward HPV vaccination in Japan. We conducted a web-based survey of female high school students aged 15 to 16 and mothers of daughters of similar age across Japan. The first screening questionnaire investigated the vaccine uptake among eligible students. The detailed questions assessing awareness of HPV vaccination information, including vaccine eligibility and its cost, effectiveness, lifetime prevalence of HPV infection, and vaccine safety, were asked to the respondents. After presenting each piece of information, we investigated how the information influenced the vaccination attitudes of unvaccinated students and mothers of unvaccinated girls. Data collection occurred from August 20 to August 24, 2021. Of 473 students, 68 (14.4%) had already been vaccinated before the study. Over half of the 245 participating students were aware of vaccine eligibility and cost (68.7%) and effectiveness (63.6%), but fewer understood lifetime prevalence (28.7%) and safety (45.3%). In contrast, awareness of the same questions in 245 mothers was higher than that in the students: 90.2%, 92.5%, 55.4%, and 61.1%, respectively. Among unvaccinated students and mothers of unvaccinated girls, the intention to get vaccinated increased the most after being informed about the lifetime risks of HPV infection; 50.5% of students and 38.8% of mothers showed a positive attitude toward the HPV vaccination. Bridging the awareness gap between students and mothers is crucial for improving HPV vaccination rates. The findings underscore the potential of specific, targeted information to influence vaccination intentions, particularly regarding the HPV infection rate.

Proportion of adenocarcinoma and the distribution of HPV genotypes in China: a meta-analysis

Objectives: To examine the proportion and trends of cervical adenocarcinoma in cervical cancer (ICC), mainly including cervical adenocarcinoma (CADC) and squamous cervical cancer (SCC) in China, and to analyze the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) in CADC and SCC. Methods: Published studies reporting HPVs distribution in various histological types or relative proportions of CADC in ICC in China were identified manually and searched systematically in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, CNKI and Wanfang since the databases were established until October 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. And we applied the random-effects models to estimate the combined effect values due to the high heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-three studies were eligible. The relative prevalence of CADC was 9.0% (95% CI, 7.7%－10.3%). According to the diagnosis time of ICC, the patients were divided into three time periods, which is 1979-2005, 2006-2011, 2012-2022 respectively. The prevalence of CADC by time was: 6.0% in 1979-2005, 8.1% in 2006-2011, and 9.5% in 2012-2022, respectively, with no statistically significant trend in proportions over time (χ2=5.03, P=0.081). Meanwhile, the percentage of CADC also varies by regions, and the highest percentage of CADC was found in the eastern region (11.2%), followed by the western region (7.3%) and the central region (5.9%). The total prevalence of HPV infection in CADC was 72.3%, which was lower than 92.0% in SCC, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=300.89, P＜0.01). To be specific, the top three HPV types prevalent in CADC were HPV18 (45.0%), HPV16 (22.0%), and HPV52 (7.3%), and those prevalent in the SCC were HPV16 (64.2%), HPV52 (5.6%), HPV18 (5.4%). The results of the Egger's test, and Begg's test showed that there was no publication bias in this study and sensitivity analysis showed that the results of this study were fairly stable. Conclusions: The proportion of CADC in China has increased in a limited way in the past decades, and there are regional differences in the proportion of CADC. The predominant type is HPV18 in CADC and HPV16 in SCC. To eliminate the limitations of the secondary literature, a multicenter study with consistent diagnostic levels and identical HPV genotyping tests is still needed in the future to better characterize the relative proportion of cervical adenocarcinoma and the trend of HPV changes, which will provide a basis for the improvement of HPV vaccine and screening policies.

Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study

BackgroundHow common it is with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the healthy and diseased oral cavity is largely unknown for Africans. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the prevalence of oral HPV and the risk factors associated with HPV contraction including sexual practice in the urban and rural Zambian population.MethodsUrban (N = 188) and rural (N = 211) Zambian adults aged 21 years and older living in Ndola and Mansa, respectively, were interviewed about demographical data, oral and coital sexual history and tobacco and alcohol use. Participants were orally examined and underwent a buccal swab test for 12 high-risk HPVs (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59) and two low-risk HPVs (HPV6 and 11) with real-time PCR.ResultsAlcohol consumption was higher in urban participants than rural participants, i.e., 34.1% and 16.6%, respectively, consumed alcohol once a week or more (p = 0.001). Ever-smokers constituted 38.8% of urban and 32.2% of rural participants (p = 0.363). Engaging in orogenital sex was uncommon, however, more common in urban than rural participants (13.3% and 4.3%, respectively, p = 0.003). Only three participants were positive for HPV (HPV16, 35, and 45, respectively).ConclusionsUrban participants displayed higher sexual risk behaviour than rural participants. However, the prevalence of oral HPV infection in Zambia was low, which contrasts to the high incidence of cervical cancer reported for the country.

Prevalence of HPV infection in the general population of young and adult males in Italy.

The most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world has the human papillomavirus (HPV) as its etiological agent. To evaluate the prevalence of previous and actual HPV infection and the clinical manifestations in unselected males. A total of 718 males participating to a surveillance program were asked to complete a study visit at our unit, including semen collection, balanopreputial sulcus swab, and blood collection for total anti-HPV immunoglobulin G (IgG). When HPV-DNA was detected, we performed HPV fluorescence in situ hybridization, oral and anal swab, and penoscopy. Because previous studies demonstrated a very high risk for HPV infection in subjects with history of HPV-induced lesions, with a partner with diagnosed HPV infection or reporting couple infertility or sexual promiscuity and an increase of the risk in males having sex with males, in subjects with unprotected sexual intercourses or in heavy smokers, patients were therefore stratified according to the presence of these known risk factors (RFs). Actual HPV infection was detected in 401/718 subjects (55.85%). Oral HPV-DNA was reported in 80 subjects and anal HPV infection in 52 subjects. Anti-HPV IgG antibodies have been detected in 288 subjects. The overall prevalence of HPV exposition, considering actual and/or previous infection was 77.99%. Among infected men, high-risk HPV genotypes were detected in 66.08%. A total of 514 subjects were considered as the RF population, while 150 were classified in the non-RF population. There was a significantly higher prevalence of condylomatosis (odds ratio [OR] 4.07) and of seminal infection (OR 6.22) in the RF group. These data represent an alert for the healthcare system to perform informative and screening campaigns for HPV infection in males and to promote HPV vaccination both in young people and for adult males with RF for HPV infections.

Declining Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Co-Infections Among Young Japanese Women With Cervical Cancer and Its Precursors.

Co-infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) of multiple genotypes mainly occur due to increased sexual activity. To address the prevalence and trend of HPV co-infections in Japan, HPV-type-specific data from Japanese women (n = 8128) aged < 40 years and newly diagnosed with cervical abnormalities at 24 hospitals between 2012 and 2023 were analyzed. These included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1/2 (CIN1/2, n = 2745), CIN3/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (n = 3953), and invasive cervical cancer (ICC, n = 1430). For women enrolled in this study since 2019, information on sexual behaviors was collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Time-trend analyses by disease category showed significant declines in the prevalence of multiple HPV infections in CIN1/2 (49.1%-38.3%, ptrend = 0.0004), CIN3/AIS (44.7%-31.5%, ptrend = 0.0002), and ICC (26.7%-10.5%, ptrend < 0.0001) during the last decade. When these data were analyzed separately for women aged 20-29 and 30-39 years, similar declining trends were observed in each disease category. Using data from 2111 women for whom information on sexual history was available, the number of sexual partners was strongly associated with increased multiple HPV infections (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the declining prevalence of HPV co-infections in cervical cancer and its precursors may reflect a decrease in sexual activity among Japanese women of reproductive age.

Effect of peer education on knowledge, attitude, and practice of HPV infection prevention among college students

Abstract Objective To explore the effect of peer education on improving the knowledge, attitude, practice level (KAP) to prevent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among college students. Methods The knowledge, attitude/belief, and practice level of 536 grade I college students from a university in Shanghai were surveyed and analyzed using a self-designed questionnaire—the HPV Infection and Prevention KAP Questionnaire. Results Many college students heard about HPV vaccine (49.70% before peer education and 100% after peer education); however, few of them were vaccinated (2.82% before peer education and 5.23% after peer education). Knowledge, attitude/belied, and practice of HPV infection prevention were positively related (P &lt; 0.05). Peer education was effective in improving college students’ KAP level of HPV infection prevention (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Peer education could be used as a strategy in colleges to improve student’s KAP level of HPV infection prevention. College students may also be encouraged to spread their influence to society.

Prevalence of vaginal and cervical HPV infection among 35-year age cohort ever-married women in Kalutara district of Sri Lanka and the validity of vaginal HPV/DNA specimen as a cervical cancer screening tool: a cross-sectional study.

Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common female cancer among Sri Lankan females and is almost associated with sexually transmitted cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study objectives were to determine the prevalence of vaginal and cervical HPV infection among 35year old ever-married women and assess the validity of primary healthcare provider-collected vaginal HPV/DNA specimens as a cervical cancer screening tool to improve the coverage of the programme. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from the 1st of September 2018 to the 31st of January 2019. Ever-married women 35 years of age in Kalutara district were the study population. Two women from each Public Health Midwife area (n = 413) were selected randomly from the relevant area eligible families register/s. HPV/DNA cervical specimen and vaginal specimen collection (n = 621) were carried out. Specimens were screened by the Cobas 4800 HPV/DNA automated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machine. Participants' profiles were recorded by the research assistants using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The overall prevalence of vaginal and cervical HPV infection was 7.08% (95% CI; 5.2-9.4%) and 6.12% (95% CI; 4.26-8.3%) respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic accuracy, and the kappa coefficient of the vaginal HPV/DNA screening method vs. cervical HPV/DNA screening method were 100%, 98.9%, 86.4%, 100%, 99% and 0.92 respectively. Vaginal HPV/DNA specimen screening method can be used as a cervical cancer screening tool due to its high validity. Pilots of the feasibility should be set up before the regional or national rollout of vaginal sampling strategies.

The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and human papillomavirus infection: a cross-sectional study of US women

BackgroundDiet may influence susceptibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by affecting inflammation and immunity. However, the association between HPV infection and the inflammatory potential of diet has not been investigated. The research aimed to examine the correlation between HPV status and the dietary inflammatory index (DII®).MethodsWe utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2016 to investigate the correlation between DII and HPV status among 9,256 women aged 18–59 years. DII scores were calculated based on 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The association between HPV status and DII was analyzed using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS).ResultsWomen with HPV infection exhibited higher DII scores than those without HPV infection. An increased likelihood of HPV infection was found to be significantly associated with higher DII scores (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09, P = 0.021), after full multivariate adjustment. Compared with the lowest tertile of DII scores, the ORs (95% CIs) for HPV infection were 1.20 (1.01, 1.42) and 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) for the second and third tertiles, respectively (P for trend = 0.006). RCS analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between DII and HPV infection, with a breakpoint identified at 0.13.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased likelihood of HPV infection among women in the United States. Dietary interventions to reduce inflammation may help prevent HPV infection and related diseases.

HPV infection status among women of all ages in Jinshan District, Shanghai.

We explored the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women in Jinshan District, Shanghai. We analyzed all HPV testing samples sent from our unit between December 2023 and April 2024. We reported the HPV prevalence overall, by age, and by subtype. In total, 3788 women aged 16 to 90 years had HPV test results. The prevalence of infection with any HPV subtype was 17.9%. The HPV prevalence by age group was: ≤30 years, 15.4%; 31-40 years, 14.7%; 41-50 years, 17.0%; 51-60 years, 22.4%; >60 years, 31.0%. Among HPV-positive women, 80.6% had infection with one subtype, 16.4% had dual infection, and 3.1% had three or more subtypes detected. We found 640 cases (16.9%) of infection with high-risk HPV subtypes and 139 cases (5.04%) of infection with low-risk HPV subtypes. The most common high-risk subtypes were HPV 52, 53, 58, and 16; the most common low-risk subtypes were HPV 81, 70, and 42. We detected ≥1 HPV subtype among most women in our study. The prevalence of HPV was lowest in younger women and highest in women age >60 years. Tailored strategies for older women are needed to prevent HPV infection and cervical cancer.

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Urine and Anatomical Sites in South Iranian Men and Women with Normal and External Genital Warts: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection, especially among sexually active individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV infection among males and females in Southern Iran. Although previous studies have explored HPV prevalence in various provinces across Iran, this research is unique as the first to examine a four-type sample within this region. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a sample of residents from Southern Iran, comprising 82 females (71.9%) and 32 males (28.1%), aged between 13 and 74 years, most of whom were sexually active. The main focus of the research was to investigate HPV infection across various anatomical sites in both healthy women and those with external genital warts (eGW). Results: The anatomical sites assessed included the oral, anal, vaginal, and urinary areas. Out of the total sample, 79 individuals (69.3%) tested positive for HPV. Within this group, 65 individuals (81.3%) were from the eGW group, while 14 individuals (41.2%) belonged to the normal population. A statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.1) was observed in the prevalence of HPV in oral samples between the two groups. In the eGW group, 61 participants were positive for low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes, and 4 tested positive for HPV-18. Among the normal population, 14 individuals tested positive for LR-HPV genotypes. Notably, a higher proportion of positive HPV results—approximately 29%—was identified in anal and urinary samples compared to vaginal samples from females in the normal population. Conclusions: Significant differences in HPV prevalence were noted between individuals with eGW and those in the normal population. Overall, the prevalence of HPV among eGW individuals was approximately twice that of the normal population across the four anatomical sites. Further research is warranted to better understand the association between HPV infection, eGW, and various sociodemographic factors.

Human Papilloma Virus-Related Oral Mucosal Lesions in Turkey: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of a variety of oral mucosal benign and pre/malignant lesions, which demonstrate a wide range of prevalence according to geographic regions. Material and Methods: This study specifically examined the typing of HPV-associated oral mucosal lesions in Turkish patients. The DNA from FFPE blocks of 228 lesions was utilized for this purpose. A total of 87 oral mucosal lesions were classified as benign, 68 as premalignant, and 73 as malignant. DNA from these lesions was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, and genotypes were identified using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Results: HPV-DNA was identified in 17 out of 228 patients, indicating a prevalence incidence of 7.4%. In benign oral lesions, the prevalence of HPV-DNA was 9.2% (8/87 cases), whereas in premalignant, oral epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions, it was 6.9% (9/141 cases). A significant statistical difference was found between patients who tested positive for HPV and those who tested negative in terms of the location of the lesion and the age of the patients (p = 0.0097, p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: This study underscores the considerable prevalence of HPV infection in oral mucosal lesions among individuals in Central Anatolia, Turkey.

HPV Vaccination Status in HIV-Negative MSM and Its Association with High-Risk HPV Detection Using HPV Serology and Anorectal Swabs

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types by HPV vaccination status and the feasibility of using HPV L1 serology to identify HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) who may be at risk for anal cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited HIV-negative MSM from a US metropolitan area. The prevalence of HR, quadrivalent, and nonavalent anorectal HPV DNA and HPV L1 serum antibodies was estimated. McNemar’s chi-square and kappa statistics were used to determine significant differences in HPV detection between anorectal DNA swabs and HPV L1 serology. Results: Eighty-two men had adequate anorectal swabs and serology samples for analysis. Men who self-reported receipt of the HPV vaccine (35.6%) had detectable L1 HPV antibodies (93.1%) and a lower prevalence of active anal HPV infections (20.7%) compared to those who reported none. Conclusions: If confirmed in larger prospective studies, a combination of HPV vaccination status or HPV L1 serology and anorectal swabs for HR HPV types could identify HIV-negative MSM who do not need to undergo follow-up anal testing.

Epidemiological study of human papillomavirus infection in 105,679 women in Wuhan, China

BackgroundQuality assessment of the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes could support additional targeted HPV vaccinations. However, the characteristics of HPV infection in Wuhan city are limited in the past decade. We aimed to assess the epidemiology of HPV infection among women and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in this region.MethodsA retrospective study employing 105,679 women attending Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children for cervical cancer screening from January 2015 to December 2022 was conducted. The HPV genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and diversion hybridization. The overall incidence and age-specific type distribution of HPV infection and the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cytology were analyzed.ResultsThe overall HPV infection rate was 16.87% in Wuhan city, and the prevalence rates of high-risk, low-risk and mixed high- and low-risk HPV infections were 13.64%, 1.77% and 1.46%, respectively. The five most prevalent genotypes were HPV52 (4.24%), HPV58 (2.42%), HPV16 (2.34%), HPV53 (1.87%), and HPV39 (1.66%). The prevalence of HPV in women exhibited a “two-peak” pattern, the peaks of which were observed in the < 21 years group (37.4%) and the 61–65 years group (41.72%). Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference in the rate of high-grade lesion positivity between single and multiple high-risk HPV infections. Among patients with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion+ (HSIL+) ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT) diagnosis, HPV58 was the most common type, followed by HPV52, HPV16, HPV39 and HPV53.ConclusionsHPV types 52, 58, 16, 53, and 39 were the most common types in the general female population in Wuhan, and the prevalence of HPV infection varied among different age groups. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics of HPV infection in women, which could support the development of targeted prevention and control strategies for cervical cancer in the region.