Prevention Of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Articles

Multispecies probiotics complex improves bile acids and gut microbiota metabolism status in an in vitro fermentation model.

The consumption of probiotics has been extensively employed for the management or prevention of gastrointestinal disorders by modifying the gut microbiota and changing metabolites. Nevertheless, the probiotic-mediated regulation of host metabolism through the metabolism of bile acids (BAs) remains inadequately comprehended. The gut-liver axis has received more attention in recent years due to its association with BA metabolism. The objective of this research was to examine the changes in BAs and gut microbiota using an in vitro fermentation model. The metabolism and regulation of gut microbiota by commercial probiotics complex containing various species such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus were investigated. The findings indicated that the probiotic strains had produced diverse metabolic profiles of BAs. The probiotics mixture demonstrated the greatest capacity for Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) deconjugation and 7α-dehydroxylation, leading to a significant elevation in the concentrations of Chenodeoxycholic acid, Deoxycholic acidcholic acid, and hyocholic acid in humans. In addition, the probiotic mixtures have the potential to regulate the microbiome of the human intestines, resulting in a reduction of isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. The probiotics complex intervention group showed a significant increase in the quantities of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, in comparison to the control group. Hence, the use of probiotics complex to alter gut bacteria and enhance the conversion of BAs could be a promising approach to mitigate metabolic disorders in individuals.

Risk Assessment for Gastrointestinal Diseases via Clinical Dimension and Genome-Wide Polygenic Risk Scores of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

We aimed to evaluate whether individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were at higher risk of developing a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases based on a population-based cohort study. This study included 374,125 participants free of gastrointestinal disorders at baseline; of them, 19,719 (5.27%) with T2D were followed-up by linking to multiple medical records to record gastrointestinal disease diagnoses. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs. Logistic models were used to examine the associations between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and clinical gastrointestinal phenotypes. During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, we observed the new onset of 15 gastrointestinal diseases. Compared with nondiabetes, participants with T2D had an increased risk of gastritis and duodenitis (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.51-1.65), peptic ulcer (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.43-1.71), diverticular disease (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14-1.24), pancreatitis (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.24-1.71), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (HR 2.46, 95% CI 2.25-2.69), liver cirrhosis (HR 2.92, 95% CI 2.58-3.30), biliary disease (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.26), gastrointestinal tract cancers (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17-1.40), and hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer (HR 2.32, 95% CI 2.01-2.67). Positive associations of PRS of T2D with gastritis, duodenitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were also observed. In this large cohort study, we found that T2D was associated with increased risks of a wide range of gastrointestinal outcomes. We suggest the importance of early detection and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders among patients with T2D.

Examining the Gastrointestinal and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Novel Probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111.

Probiotics make up a large and growing segment of the commercial market of dietary supplements and are touted as offering a variety of human health benefits. Some of the purported positive impacts of probiotics include, but are not limited to, stabilization of the gut microbiota, prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and modulation of the host immune system. Current research suggests that the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are strain-specific and vary in mode of action. Here, we examined the immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis strain DE111 in a healthy human population. In a pilot randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled four-week intervention, we examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at basal levels pre- and post-intervention, as well as in response to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We observed an increase in anti-inflammatory immune cell populations in response to ex vivo LPS stimulation of PBMCs in the DE111 intervention group. Overall perceived gastrointestinal health, microbiota, and circulating and fecal markers of inflammation (Il-6, sIgA) and gut barrier function (plasma zonulin) were largely unaffected by DE111 intervention, although the study may have been underpowered to detect these differences. These pilot data provide information and justification to conduct an appropriately powered clinical study to further examine the immunomodulatory potential of B. subtilis DE111 in human populations.

Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Oral Health

AbstractProbiotics are the living microorganisms that have been commonly used in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. In recent times, probiotic and prebiotics have been used to assess and develop a natural balance of the microbial flora in the respiratory tract and the oral cavity as an adjunct therapy. They are known to augment the existing microbial flora that is beneficial to the host. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that help in increasing populations of probiotic bacteria. Recent studies have shown that probiotics help in active reduction in gingivitis, dental caries, periodontitis, and halitosis by replacing the harmful oral species, by means of utilizing abundant health-associated oral microbial species. Additionally, the nitrate-reducing bacteria have shown promising effect in improving efficiency of probiotic strains to accentuate oral health benefits. Probiotics along with prebiotics effectively alter the host–microbial interface by achieving homeostasis in multifactorial diseases such as periodontal diseases and oral malodor. The aim of the review is to collate the existing information available on use of probiotics and prebiotics in oral cavity.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ НУТРИТИВНОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРОБИОТИКОМ «БИОВЕСТИН» В БОРЬБЕ С ГАСТРОИНТЕСТИНАЛЬНЫМИ ОСЛОЖ-НЕНИЯМИ У ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ В ПЕРИОД ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ХИМИОТЕРАПИИ

The incidence of oncological pathology in Russia and throughout the world is steadily growing, and the mortality rate is not decreasing either. A large number of locally advanced and neglected cases of cancer of various location are revealed. Treatment of these forms requires polychemotherapy (PCT). The study included 52 patients with oncological pathology of various location: head and neck, stomach, large intestine, they underwent adjuvant chemotherapy according to the PF, TPF and FOLFOX regimens, which include an infusion of 5-fluorouracil for 2–5 days. The study analyzed gastrointestinal toxicity according to CTCAE, version 4.03, 2010. It was revealed that the addition of the probiotic Biovestin to meal reduces gastrointestinal toxicity by 2 times compared with the control group and reduces the risk of interruption of the PCT course by 19 % due to the development of side effects. Thus, the addition of the probiotic Biovestin has shown its effectiveness, safety and simplicity of use in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders in cancer patients under conditions of PCT.

Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease.

Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated the benefits of dietary fibre on gastrointestinal health through consumption of unrefined whole foods, such as wholegrains, legumes, vegetables and fruits. Mechanistic studies and clinical trials on isolated and extracted fibres have demonstrated promising regulatory effects on the gut (for example, digestion and absorption, transit time, stool formation) and microbial effects (changes in gut microbiota composition and fermentation metabolites) that have important implications for gastrointestinal disorders. In this Review, we detail the major physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of dietary fibres, the importance of dietary fibres and current evidence for their use in the management of gastrointestinal disorders. It is now well-established that the physicochemical properties of different dietary fibres (such as solubility, viscosity and fermentability) vary greatly depending on their origin and processing and are important determinants of their functional characteristics and clinical utility. Although progress in understanding these relationships has uncovered potential therapeutic opportunities for dietary fibres, many clinical questions remain unanswered such as clarity on the optimal dose, type and source of fibre required in both the management of clinical symptoms and the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. The use of novel fibres and/or the co-administration of fibres is an additional therapeutic approach yet to be extensively investigated.

Probiotics in Medicine: A Long Debate.

During the last years probiotics gained the attention of clinicians for their use in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. Probiotics main mechanisms of action include enhanced mucosal barrier function, direct antagonism with pathogens, inhibition of bacterial adherence and invasion capacity in the intestinal epithelium, boosting of the immune system and regulation of the central nervous system. It is accepted that there is a mutual communication between the gut microbiota and the liver, the so-called “microbiota-gut-liver axis” as well as a reciprocal communication between the intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system through the “microbiota-gut-brain axis.” Moreover, recently the “gut-lung axis” in bacterial and viral infections is considerably discussed for bacterial and viral infections, as the intestinal microbiota amplifies the alveolar macrophage activity having a protective role in the host defense against pneumonia. The importance of the normal human intestinal microbiota is recognized in the preservation of health. Disease states such as, infections, autoimmune conditions, allergy and other may occur when the intestinal balance is disturbed. Probiotics seem to be a promising approach to prevent and even reduce the symptoms of such clinical states as an adjuvant therapy by preserving the balance of the normal intestinal microbiota and improving the immune system. The present review states globally all different disorders in which probiotics can be given. To date, Stronger data in favor of their clinical use are provided in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, allergy and respiratory infections. We hereby discuss the role of probiotics in the reduction of the respiratory infection symptoms and we focus on the possibility to use them as an adjuvant to the therapeutic approach of the pandemic COVID-19. Nevertheless, it is accepted by the scientific community that more clinical studies should be undertaken in large samples of diseased populations so that the assessment of their therapeutic potential provide us with strong evidence for their efficacy and safety in clinical use.

Current evidence for vitamin D in intestinal function and disease.

Vitamin D activity is associated with the modulation of a wide variety of biological systems, in addition to its roles in calcium homeostatic mechanisms. While vitamin D is well known to promote gastrointestinal calcium absorption, vitamin D also plays a role in attenuating and/or preventing the progression of several gastrointestinal diseases including Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer, and may also play a role in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. The pro-differentiation, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, which has been reported in numerous circumstances, are key potential mechanisms of action in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. While the debate of the effectiveness of vitamin D to treat bone pathologies continues, the clinical importance of vitamin D therapy to prevent gastrointestinal disorders should be investigated given current evidence, using both nutritional and pharmaceutical intervention approaches.Impact statementThe non-skeletal functions of vitamin D play an important role in health and disease. The anti-inflammatory properties and maintenance of intestinal function fulfilled by vitamin D impact other systems in the body though downstream processing. This review provides insight into the mechanisms underpinning the potential benefits of vitamin D in both maintaining intestinal homeostasis and associated diseased states.

Probiotics as prevention for gastro-intestinal disorders in pediatrics.

This is a narrative review, largely of randomized trials on the impacts of probiotics. It concludes that evidence for beneficial effects of selected probiotics in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders is limited mainly to acute gastroenteritis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, infantile colic and necrotizing enterocolitis. However, there is no broad consensus to recommend the use of probiotics in the prevention of these conditions, mainly because of the different designs used in different studies, resulting in limited evidence for specific strains, dosages and indications. More well-designed studies utilizing standardized methodologies are needed before recommendations can be proposed. At this stage, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of probiotics in infants and children for the prevention of gastro-intestinal disorders.

Prebiotic Chondroitin Sulfate Disaccharide Isolated from Chicken Keel Bone Exhibiting Anticancer Potential Against Human Colon Cancer Cells

Chondroitin sulfate (CS)-Keel disaccharide (CSD) was produced by chondroitin AC lyase (PsPL8A) degradation of food grade CS-Keel polysaccharide isolated from chicken keel cartilage. PsPL8A showed specific activity, 340 ± 5.2 U mg−1 with CS-Keel polysaccharide. TLC showed CSD as the major product. CSD was purified by gel filtration and MS/MS, confirms it as C4S disaccharide. Structural characterization by FTIR and NMR showed presence of N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid. CSD displayed resistance to gastric juice with 23.7% hydrolysis at pH 1.0. CSD showed prebiotic score of 0.57 for L. acidophilus and 0.58 for B. infantis and produce SCFA products. MTT and morphological analysis confirmed, CSD (0.5 mg mL−1) does not decrease viability of mouse fibroblast (L929), but showed anti-proliferative potential against human colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines (80% inhibition). CSD treated HT-29 cells exhibit nuclear fragmentation and apoptosis. Prebiotic and anticancer potential of CSD can be utilized for functional food preparation and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders.

Exploiting Significance of Physical Exercise in Prevention of Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Physical activity can be involved in the prevention of gastrointestinal (GI)-tract diseases, however, the results regarding the volume and the intensity of exercise considered as beneficial for protection of gastrointestinal organs are conflicting. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the beneficial and harmful effects of physical activity on the gastrointestinal tract. We attempted to discuss recent evidence regarding the association between different modes and intensity levels of exercise and physiological functions of the gut and gut pathology. The regular, moderate exercise can exert a beneficial effect on GI-tract disorders such as reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcers, cholelithiasis, constipation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) leading to the attenuation of the symptoms. This voluntary exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, there is considerable evidence that the high-intensity training or prolonged endurance training can exert a negative influence on GI-tract resulting in the exacerbation of symptoms. Physical activity can exhibit a beneficial effect on a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, however, this effect depends upon the exercise mode, duration and intensity. The accumulated evidence indicate that management of gastrointestinal problems and their relief by the exercise seems to be complicated and require adjustments of physical activity training, dietary measures and medical monitoring of symptoms. More experimental and clinical studies on the effects of physical activity on GI-tract disorders are warranted. Especially, the association between the exercise intensity and data addressing the underlying mechanism(s) of the exercise as the complementary therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, require further determination in animal models and humans.

Антагоністична активність пробіотиків із бацил до ізолятів бактерій ротової порожнини пацієнтів із пародонтитом

It is admitted that the normal human microflora plays an important role in supporting homeostasis, forming immune mechanisms and metabolism. Nowadays, there is a constant growth of different diseases due to microbiological imbalance in a human organism. Preparations containing “good bacteria” have been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. The mechanism of probiotics influence comprises their ability to compete for adhesion sites with the pathogens, to exhibit antagonistic activity and stimulate the immune system of a host. Most of probiotics commonly used are the spores of Bacillus. Initially the main focus of their use was the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. So, the use of probiotics in dental practice is a poorly studied area. In recent years, probiotics have been investigated to provide the oral health. Therefore the study of using probiotics for correction of the oral microflora in people with inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues is promising. Our previous studies have shown changes in microbial community of an oral cavity in patients with periodontitis. In particular, the reducing number of obligate microorganisms and increasing number of pathogens was demonstrated. The paper describes the current data on the potential benefits and basic properties of the Bacillus spore probiotics, which demonstrate the viability and relevance in dental practice. The study tested antagonistic activity of commercial Bacillus probiotics "Biosporin" ("Biopharma", Ukraine), "Subalinum" ("Biopharma", Ukraine), "Normaflore" ("Sanofi-Aventis Zrt.", Hungary) and "Enterogermina" ("Sanofi-Synthelabo SpA", Italy) against clinical strains of microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis. Thus, further studies on the role of spore probiotics in correction of the oral cavity microflora as a part of complex treatment of periodontitis should be carried out.

A Proteome Reference Map and Proteomic Analysis of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705

A comprehensive proteomic study was carried out to identify and characterize proteins expressed by Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705. A total of 708 spots representing 369 protein entries were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and/or ESI-MS/MS. Isoelectric point values estimated by gel electrophoresis matched closely with their predicted ones, although some discrepancies exist suggesting that post-translational protein modifications might be common in B. longum. The identified proteins represent 21.4% of the predicted 1727 ORFs in the genome and correspond to 30% of the predicted proteome. Moreover 95 hypothetical proteins were experimentally identified. This is the first compilation of a proteomic reference map for the important probiotic organism B. longum NCC2705. The study aimed to define a number of cellular pathways related to important physiological processes at the proteomic level. Proteomic comparison of glucose- and fructose-grown cells revealed that fructose and glucose are catabolized via the same degradation pathway. Interestingly the sugar-binding protein specific to fructose (BL0033) and Frk showed higher levels of expression in cells grown on fructose than on glucose as determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. BL0033 time course and concentration experiments showed that the induction time and fructose concentration correlates to increased expression of BL0033. At the same time, an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter ATP-binding protein (BL0034) was slightly up-regulated in cells grown on fructose compared with glucose. All of the above results suggest that the uptake of fructose into the cell may be conducted by a specific transport system in which BL0033 might play an important role.

Percent G+C profiling accurately reveals diet-related differences in the gastrointestinal microbial community of broiler chickens.

Broiler chickens from eight commercial farms in Southern Finland were analyzed for the structure of their gastrointestinal microbial community by a nonselective DNA-based method, percent G+C-based profiling. The bacteriological impact of the feed source and in-farm whole-wheat amendment of the diet was assessed by percent G+C profiling. Also, a phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-based study was carried out to aid in interpretation of the percent G+C profiles. This survey showed that most of the 16S rDNA sequences found could not be assigned to any previously known bacterial genus or they represented an unknown species of one of the taxonomically heterogeneous genera, such as Ruminococcus or Clostridium. The data from bacterial community profiling were analyzed by t-test, multiple linear regression, and principal-component statistical approaches. The percent G+C profiling method with appropriate statistical analyses detected microbial community differences smaller than 10% within each 5% increment of the percent G+C profiles. Diet turned out to be the strongest determinant of the cecal bacterial community structure. Both the source of feed and local feed amendment changed the bacteriological profile significantly, whereas profiles of individual farms with identical feed regimens hardly differed from each other. This suggests that the management of typical Finnish farms is relatively uniform or that hygiene on the farm, in fact, has little impact on the structure of the cecal bacterial community. Therefore, feed compounders should have a significant role in the modulation of gut microflora and consequently in prevention of gastrointestinal disorders in farm animals.

33] Surface characterization and adhesive properties of bifidobacteria

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the surface characterization and adhesive properties of Bifidobacteria. The colonization of different portions of the intestinal tract by beneficial microorganisms constitutes the first defensive barrier against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances. The ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelia and to compete with other microorganisms seems to be crucial for a probiotic strain to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are normal inhabitants of the gut of humans and animals, where they play an important role in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. Bifidobacteria have been successfully employed to prevent antibioticrelated diarrhea and acute infant diarrhea. One approach to obtaining information regarding adherent behavior in the intestinal ecosystem is to study the surface properties of the selected strains. The adhesion of microorganisms to natural environments can be inferred by studying the surface properties of bacteria, employing a combination of methodologies. This procedure includes several determinations such as partitioning of bacteria in hydrocarbon-aqueous interfaces, ζ potential, binding to solid surfaces, capacity to aggregate particles, and adhesion to monolayers of cell cultures. These methodologies are applied to a collection of bifidobacteria isolated at CIDCA (Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Criotecnologia de Alimentos, La Plata, Argentina) and to reference strains.