Prevention Of Dysbiosis Research Articles

The results of the bacteriological method of studying patients with removable lamellar dentures, by improving the prevention and treatment of oral dysbiosis

The oral cavity is essentially an ecological system. This system is part of both the organism itself and the external environment. The normal microflora of the oral cavity guarantees resistance to colonization. This can be designated as the main goal for any factor that directly or indirectly affects adhesion. It also affects the normal resistance of the oral cavity to external manifestations. The human body is constantly functioning and in close contact with the surrounding world and its organisms. Thus, the human body itself is densely populated with various types of microorganisms. These microorganisms are divided by origin, composition, type, size, type of vital activity. In order to study the biotype of the human body as thoroughly and in detail as possible, an approach based on the ecological principle has been formed in this study.
 To identify the patterns of the existence of microorganisms, we apply an ecological approach that allows us to reliably describe the structure of bacterial communities that make up the biocenosis. Removable plate prosthesis will necessarily affect the human body in some way, and this measure of influence can be both positive and negative. A positive effect is observed in the exact and complete replacement of defects in the dentition. The negative effect can be characterized by both inflammatory reactions and mechanical damage. Also, the materials used for the manufacture of removable plate prostheses may be incorrectly selected. Depending on the already existing diseases of a person, his physiological characteristics, habits, it is necessary to treat the choice of consumables as appropriately as possible.
 It is impossible to overestimate the positive effect of the microflora of the human body in the processes of metabolism, digestion, etc. Thus, the issue of preservation of human microflora and prevention of dysbiosis is relevant in modern science.

IL-17-driven induction of Paneth cell antimicrobial functions protects the host from microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in the ileum

IL-17 protects epithelial barriers by inducing the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, the effect of IL-17 on Paneth cells (PCs), the major producers of AMPs in the small intestine, is unclear. Here, we show that targeted ablation of the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) in PCs disrupts their antimicrobial functions and decreases the frequency of ileal PCs. These changes become more pronounced after colonization with IL-17 inducing segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). Mice with PCs that lack IL-17R show an increased inflammatory transcriptional profile in the ileum along with the severity of experimentally induced ileitis. These changes are associated with a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota that induces a severe ileum pathology upon transfer to genetically susceptible mice which can be prevented by the systemic administration of IL-17a/f in microbiota recipients. In an exploratory analysis of a small cohort of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease, we have found that a portion of these patients exhibit a low number of lysozyme-expressing ileal PCs and a high ileitis severity score, resembling the phenotype of mice with IL-17R-deficient PCs. Our study identifies IL-17R-dependent signaling in PCs as an important mechanism that maintains ileal homeostasis through the prevention of dysbiosis.

Pharmaco-economic features of hospital treatment of acute community-acquired pneumonia in children

The goal. Тo analyze the features of treatment and medical expenses in children hospitalized for acute community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and methods. The study analyzed medical records and examined 51 children aged 2 to 17 months hospitalized for pneumonia. In patients studied clinical symptoms, severity, structure and duration of basic treatment measures, their cost. Results. The duration of inpatient treatment was 13.3±0.62 days with subsequent outpatient treatment and rehabilitation. Antibiotics, antipyretics, antihistamines, mucolytics and corticosteroid hormones were used in the treatment. The total cost of treatment for one case averaged 2346.9±145.7 hryvnias. The most expensive were the costs of antibiotics, and the cheapest - the antipyretics. Given the community-acquired nature of the process, the initial use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins was irrational and significantly increased the cost of treatment. Conclusions. The introduction of a new model of medicine focuses on the optimization of treatment tactics and the rational choice of antibiotics for acute community-acquired pneumonia. In antibacterial therapy is still inadequate, from a clinical and economic point of view, the choice of drugs. In the treatment of this disease, the role of pathogenetic therapy to restore the processes of mucociliary clearance and prevention of dysbiosis on the background of the use of antibiotics has increased.

Endogenous intoxication syndrome in pyelonephritis and methods of its therapy with the use of nutrient support

Endogenous intoxication syndrome in pyelonephritis and methods of its therapy using nutritional support G.M. Letifov FSBEI HE «Rostov State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia Rostov-on-Don Summary The aim of the study was to scientifically substantiate and determine the prospects for the use of nutritional support in the form of the use of dietary supplements containing a complex of natural dietary fibers, inulin (from artichoke), effective probiotics-short-chain fructooligosaccharides, maltodextrin 1.5 teaspoon 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 3 weeks. The appointment of a prebiotic complex, prevention of dysbiosis and restoration of the intestinal barrier function significantly reduced the risk of re-entry of opportunistic intestinal flora into the urinary system, thereby reducing the need for antibacterial prophylaxis of recurrent pyelonephritis.

Dietary recommendations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Statement of the Committee of Human Nutrition Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, care for an adequate diet, well adapted to the body's needs and the current level of physical activity, becomes of particular importance. Many dietary compounds participate in the functioning of the immune system, while vitamins D, C, A (including beta-carotene), E, B6, B12, folic acid, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, amino acids, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and intestinal microbiota are crucial in various types of defence processes. There has been no evidence that consumed food and its compounds, including those with pro-/prebiotic properties, play a significant role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or alleviating its course. However, in terms of the nutritional value of food and the prevention of dysbiosis, recommending a varied diet with a high proportion of plant-based foods and an adequate amount of animal-based foods has a sound scientific basis. Malnutrition, underweight and obesity are considered independent and prognostic risk factors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, which reduce a patient's chances of survival. Therefore, ensuring good nutritional status, including healthy body weight, is a reasonable approach in the prevention of viral infection SARS-CoV-2 or alleviating its course. The document is accompanied by two catalogues of practical nutritional recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed to the general population and children.

Профилактика дисбиотических нарушений и антибиотик- ассоциированной диареи у детей с острыми респираторными заболеваниями на фоне антибиотикотерапии

Aim: to develop a method of dysbiotic abnormality prevention after antibiotic therapy (ABT) in early childhood. Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 90 children aged 12–60 months who were admitted to the hospital with complicated acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and received ABT. The children were randomized into three groups (each comprised of 30 children). The children received either a probiotic with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium BB-12 (group 1) or a cytomucoprotector, gelatin tannate (group 2) to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Group 3 children received ABT only. To assess microbiocenosis, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Results: AAD was reported in 23.3% of group 1 children, 17% of group 2 children, and 46.7% of group 3 children (p=0.03). In group 2, the duration of diarrhea was significantly lower. Baseline stool concentration of SCFAs was 2.5-times lower compared to normal ranges. Further reduction in the total absolute level of SCFAs was reported in group 3 after treatment. An increase in total SCFA level, a significant increase in the relative amounts of acetic acid, and a reduction in propionic acid and (to a lesser degree) butyric acid were reported in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3. Conclusions: an improvement in stool SCFA levels was reported in group 1 and 2 children who received probiotics or cytomucoprotector. Incorporation of these medications and ABT in the complex treatment for ARIs in children stabilized metabolic activity of microbiota through preserving the pool of indigenous microorganisms producing butyrate. KEYWORDS: antibiotic, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute respiratory viral infections, microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, probiotic, gelatin tannate. FOR CITATION: Mazankova L.N., Perlovskaya S.G., Ardatskaya M.D. et al. Prevention of dysbiosis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with acute respiratory infections after antibiotic therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):712–720 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-712-720.

Bdellovibrio and Like Organisms Are Predictors of Microbiome Diversity in Distinct Host Groups.

Biodiversity is generally believed to be a main determinant of ecosystem functioning. This principle also applies to the microbiome and could consequently contribute to host health. According to ecological theory, communities are shaped by top predators whose direct and indirect interactions with community members cause stability and diversity. Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) are a neglected group of predatory bacteria that feed on Gram-negative bacteria and can thereby influence microbiome composition. We asked whether BALOs can predict biodiversity levels in microbiomes from distinct host groups and environments. We demonstrate that genetic signatures of BALOs are commonly found within the 16S rRNA reads from diverse host taxa. In many cases, their presence, abundance, and especially richness are positively correlated with overall microbiome diversity. Our findings suggest that BALOs can act as drivers of microbial alpha-diversity and should therefore be considered candidates for the restoration of microbiomes and the prevention of dysbiosis.

P860 Combination of prebiotic FOS and adalimumab for prevention of dysbiosis in active Crohn’s disease: A pilot study

P860 Combination of prebiotic FOS and adalimumab for prevention of dysbiosis in active Crohn’s disease: A pilot study

ПРЕДИКТОРИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОРУШЕННЯ МИКРОБІОЦЕНОЗУ КИШЕЧНИКА У ДІТЕЙ ПЕРШОГО РОКУ ЖИТТЯ І ЙОГО ПРОФІЛАКТИКА

Метою дослідження було виявлення чинників порушення мікрофлори кишечнику та надання профілактичних заходів. Обстежено 30 дітей. Визначені фактори ризику: у половини дітей вік батьків 30 і більше років; обтяжена спадковість, здебільшого з боку матері, хронічні захворювання органів травлення (70%), ЛОР-органів (23,3%), алергічні реакції і захворювання (40%); патологічна вагітність у всіх жінок (токсикоз, гострі та загострення хронічних захворювань, дефіцитна анемія); патологічні пологи (кесарів розтин у 16,6% вагітни). У 30% пацієнтів виявлено подовження фази транзиторного дисбіозу новонародженої дитини до другого півріччя життя. Клінічні прояви дисбактеріозу в дітей відповідали легкій компенсованій формі (I ступень тяжкості) але дані бактеріологічного дослідження -II–III мікробіологічним ступеням дисбіозу. Профілактику дисбактеріоза потрібно починати з дитячого віку майбутньої мами; під час вагітності жінкам "групи ризику" слід проводити дослідження стану біоценозу кишечнику і коригувати його порушення. Діти, народжені від матерів цієї групи ризику, потребують первинної профілактики порушення мікробіоценоза кишечника.

The commensal microbiota and the development of human disease – an introduction

Humans have co-evolved with microorganisms, and both exist in a symbiotic or mutualistic relationship. We are colonised by a diverse, resident microbiota, which develop into structurally and functionally organised biofilms. The resident microorganisms gain a secure, warm, nutritious habitat from the host and, in return, contribute to the development of many important host functions. The resident microbiota of each habitat is natural and provides important benefits for the host including immunological priming, down-regulation of excessive pro-inflammatory responses, regulation of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, and prevention of colonisation by exogenous microbes. The biological properties of each habitat determine which microorganisms can colonise and grow, and dictate which will be major or minor components of the resident microbiota of a site. This results in different surfaces having distinct but characteristic microbiotas. This relationship between the resident microbiota and the host is dynamic and, on occasions, this symbiotic relationship breaks down due to, for example, changes in lifestyle, immune status or following broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. This ‘dysbiosis’ can result in previously minor components of the microbiota out-competing the normally dominant and beneficial bacteria, thereby increasing the risk of disease. Such perturbations have been associated with a number of clinical disorders such as obesity, allergy, and a variety of inflammatory diseases, including periodontal diseases. A better understanding of the delicate balance between the host and its resident microbiota could lead to novel approaches to the promotion of health and the prevention of dysbiosis.

Supra-organismal interactions in the human intestine.

OPINION article Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 23 April 2014Sec. Microbiome in Health and Disease https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00047

Intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease

A complex mucosal barrier protects as the first line of defense the surface of the healthy intestinal tract from adhesion and invasion by luminal microorganisms. In this review, we provide an overview about the major components of this protective system as for example an intact epithelium, the synthesis of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the formation of the mucus layer. We highlight the crucial importance of their correct functioning for the maintenance of a proper intestinal function and the prevention of dysbiosis and disease. Barrier disturbances including a defective production of AMPs, alterations in thickness or composition of the intestinal mucus layer, alterations of pattern-recognition receptors, defects in the process of autophagy as well as unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress result in an inadequate host protection and are thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The effectiveness of the application of mineral water from the Klyuchi health resort in the programs of combined spa-based rehabilitation of the patients presenting with acquired jaw defects

The results of the present study give evidence of the well-apparent sanation effect of balneotherapy with the use of therapeutic mineral water (MW) extracted at the Klyuchi health resort. Irrigation of the oral cavity with this mineral water was shown to reduce the number of the strains of opportunistic microorganisms and their virulence potential. It is concluded that the proposed method may be recommended for the treatment and prevention of dysbiosis in the oral cavity of the patients presenting with acquired jaw defects.