Prevention Of Drug Addiction Research Articles

Sociological research of drug addiction as the most socially dangerous form of deviant deviations of young people

The article analyzes the problems of drug addiction as the most socially dangerous form of deviations among young people. The materials related to the regional aspect of this phenomenon are exceedingly significant. The level of awareness of the respondents about the main types of narcotic and psychoactive substances, their attitude to drug use, as well as about the severe consequences and the possibility of their acquisition were identified. The author makes conclusions about the need to form a strategy for the prevention of drug addiction, including the identification of risk groups, crisis situations in the youth environment, as well as the use of measures and acceptable methods to resolve these situations.

Legislative Basis of the Republic of Finland to Reduce the Demand for Drugsand Counter their Trafficking

The subject of the study is the legal and organizational framework for countering drug traff icking in the Republic of Finland. In the process of work on the publication the author used a set of General scientif ic research methods such as comparison, analysis, as well as formal-logical, comparative-legal and other private scientif ic methods including: historical method. For the f irst time the author has carried out a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework concerning organizational measures aimed at countering drug traff icking in the Republic of Finland. The study examined the provisions of the existing acts of lawmaking in the f ield of drug control: laws and regulations, departmental documents. The author comes to the conclusion that the Republic of Finland has a suff iciently developed legislation in the f ield of drug demand reduction and counteraction to their illicit traff icking, which is constantly developing and improving. They also noted that the policy of Finland in the sphere of counteraction of drug addiction focused on the need for simultaneous operation aimed at reducing the supply and demand of drugs, reduce harm from drug use, early prevention of drug addiction and the possibility of providing timely assistance to drug users. Practical signif icance of the research is that the mastery of the positive side of the experience in combating drug traff icking in Finland, can be used by the state authorities of the Russian Federation in building the system of organizational-administrative work for the prevention of drug-related crime.

Social Prevention of Sociopathic Phenomena in the System of Antideviant Policy

In modern conditions of the systemic transformation of the Belarusian society, which is developing very slowly and contradictory, despite the steady trend of reducing crime, drunkenness, drug addiction and other negative social deviations, the problem of preventing and combating antisocial phenomena continues to be complex and cause serious public concern. In this regard, the relevance and social significance of empirical studies of antisocial phenomena, their dynamics, the specifics of distribution and determination, the study of the current national legislation and social practice of the state criminological and other antideviant policies are growing. Problems of prevention and counteraction to anti-social phenomena have long attracted the attention of criminologists, sociologists, culturologists, teachers, psychologists and other researchers. However, each historical period of time brings many new circumstances that have an impact on the sociopathic situation. In addition, the persistently high level of antisocial behavior in society in different socio-demographic groups of the population indicates the presence of obvious gaps in the scientific knowledge of this problem, especially in the field of genesis and determination of negative social deviations as well as the lack of effectiveness of the forms and methods of preventive work of social actors, such as law enforcement and other public administration bodies, the family as a social institution, public associations, etc. The author carries out theoretical and applied design of an innovative system of social prevention of antisocial phenomena based on the analysis of statistical data and sociological research. It includes a set of general, special and individual measures of social, victimological and sociopathic, socio-reintegration and legal preventive activities that should be systematically implemented at the social, situational, personality-deviant, personality-victim and personality-socio-interactive levels of social subjectivity. The researcher pays special attention to the state, dynamics and peculiarities of the etiology of the alcohol and drug situation in the country. The authors propose a set of specific social and practical measures to improve the prevention of alcoholism and drug addiction which have a negative impact on the sustainable development of modern Belarusian society.

Could the link between drug addiction in adulthood and substance use in adolescence result from a blurring of the boundaries between incentive and hedonic processes?

There is a broad consensus that the development of drug addiction in adulthood is closely linked to the onset of drug use in adolescence. However, the relationship between drug exposure during adolescence and subsequent vulnerability to addiction is yet to be fully understood. This review will first use evidence from adult studies on reward and addiction to give an up-to-date reference point of normal reward-circuitry and the maladaptive changes that later occur in addiction. This will then be compared with current evidence from adolescent studies on reward-circuitry. Similarities between the reward processes governing characteristic behavioral traits in adolescence and the reward profile in adult addiction could help to explain why the risk of later developing addiction is increased when substance use is initiated in adolescence. We argue that the age of onset is a major risk factor in the development of substance use disorder due to a blurring of the boundaries between incentive and hedonic processes, which occurs during adolescence. A deeper understanding of the processes that mediate this blurring could open new avenues for the prevention and treatment of adult drug addiction.

SPECIFIC USE OF SCREENING IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TESTS FOR THE PRIMARY DETECTION OF FACTS OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE IN URINE AND SALIVA

The use of narcotic substances is a serious social problem, a threat to the health of an individual and to the security of the country as a whole. The use of narcotic substances affects the safety of the overall productivity of labor, which, ultimately, creates a rather large burden on the economy of the country as a whole. In the framework of federal programs for the prevention of drug addiction, the practice of testing for the use of narcotic drugs at work and study places is being increasingly used. And here the question naturally arises of the significant cost, laboriousness and time-consuming test systems for the use of narcotic substances produced by Russian companies. All this, of course, complicates the process of introducing a testing procedure. In this situation, the importance of developing, improving and introducing new methods for the detection of narcotic substances and their metabolites in human biological fluids increases. The article provides a general overview of world experience in using immunochromatographic tests for identifying psychoactive substances as a screening test, with particular attention being paid to analyzing the specifics of using screening immunochromatographic tests for the initial identification of psychoactive substances in urine and saliva from the standpoint of the contextual feasibility of their applicability in a number of specific cases related to the specifics of the professional activities of the test. Along with this, the author, on the basis of the available statistical information and original research materials, provides an analysis of the Russian market of test systems for the detection of psychoactive substances in saliva and examines the feasibility of expanding its capabilities through wider use of screening psychoactive substances for saliva.

Effectiveness evaluation of the school-based drug prevention program #Tamojunto2.0: protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe European school-based drug addiction prevention program Unplugged was adapted to the Brazilian context by the Ministry of Health and renamed #Tamojunto. Its first implementations, in the form of a public policy in Brazil, showed contradictory and different effects from those observed in Europe. Adaptations were made to #Tamojunto in 2018 to reintroduce the essential content of the original program.MethodsA parallel, two-arm, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the new version of the school-based government program #Tamojunto2.0 for the prevention of drug use among 8th grade middle school students from 70 public schools in three Brazilian cities, totaling approximately 6.300 participating students distributed in 210 classes. For intervention, the experimental group will receive the 12 lessons of the #Tamojunto2.0 program under the supervision of a Brazilian Ministry of Health team. The control group will not receive any intervention. Information will be collected from the students at three time points: preintervention and 9 and 18 months postintervention. Multilevel analyses will be performed using the Gllamm Stata program to assess simultaneous differences in prevalence, in time and among groups for the outcomes of interest. Structural equation modeling will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in changing the behavioral patterns of the adolescents through latent transition analysis. The effect of the mediators involved in the program effectiveness outcomes will also be analyzed. The program doses applied in all classes of the intervention group will be collected using a form completed by the teacher at the end of each lesson, indicating the activities taught and not taught in each lesson.DiscussionThis study will show whether the #Tamojunto2.0 program can be expanded as a public policy for all schools with the aim of preventing drug use among Brazilian students.Trial registrationBrazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-8cnkwq) under the name “Avaliação do Efeito do Programa de Prevenção Escolar ao Uso de Drogas #Tamojunto2.0, Versão 2018”, on August 30th, 2018 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8cnkwq/).

Stavovi roditelja o zlouporabi droga i potrebi predškolske prevencije ovisnosti

Nacionalna strategije suzbijanja zlouporabe droga prepoznala je važnost organiziranja predškolskih preventivnih aktivnosti, kao i potrebu uključivanja roditelja u aktivnosti. S obzirom na navedeno, provedeno je istraživanje stavova roditelja o zlouporabi droga te o potrebi organiziranja predškolske prevencije ovisnosti na uzorku od 350 roditelja djece predškolske dobi. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da većina roditelja izražava nepermisivne stavove o pojavi ovisnosti o drogama, pozitivne stavove o potrebi prevenciji pojave ovisnosti te negativne stavove o poduzetim aktivnostima službenih institucija zaduženih za smanjenje štete i potražnje droga. Međutim, rezultati ukazuju i na skupinu roditelja koji imaju permisivne stavove o konzumaciji droga, negativne stavove o potrebi predškolske prevencije ovisnosti o drogama te permisivne stavove u svezi legalizacije marihuane.

Topical issues of the role of the family in the prevention of drug addiction and pernicious habits in children, adolescents and students

Topical issues of the role of the family in the prevention of drug addiction and pernicious habits in children, adolescents and students

Нормативно-правовые и этические основания первичной профилактики наркомании в системе образования

Drug addiction is a mental illness and is included in the list of socially significant diseases that cause significant damage to society. From the expert point of view, adolescence is one of the sensitive periods for the contraction of the disease development. Prevention of drug addiction in the student community is one of the activities of the university, ensuring the preservation and strengthening of the health of students. The main concern of primary prevention of drug addiction in the university is the construction and development of students' values of their own health and motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The article provides an analysis of the regulatory legal documents of the Russian Federation governing the organization of primary prevention of drug addiction in the educational institution of higher education. The necessity of an integrated approach to the organization of preventive activities at the university is emphasized, based on the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of drug prevention in the youth environment and taking into account the ethical principles of the organization of psychological and pedagogical support in an educational organization.

Профілактика наркоманії неповнолітніх: міжнародний досвід

Профілактика наркоманії неповнолітніх: міжнародний досвід

Prevention of Drug Addiction in Bangladesh: Challenges and a Way Forward

Prevention of Drug Addiction in Bangladesh: Challenges and a Way Forward

Mapping method in research of drug crime regional criminological features (Ukraine taken as an example)

General national average drug crime rates on which the contemporary criminological theory and practice is based do not adequately reflect regional peculiarities in the field of illicit drug trafficking as they level high quality/quantity parameters in some areas and their lower values in others. Still, consideration of only national totals in organization of crime counteraction leads to incomplete information, neglecting its negative trends in certain areas, thus, causing aberration of the actual drug crime situation and using improper countermeasures. Under such circumstances the state law enforcement agencies do not operate preemptively against the illicit drug trafficking, do not contain in due time outbreaks of drug crime in certain areas- crime donors, and, as a result, the efficiency of steps aimed at drug addiction prevention as well as crime limitation in total becomes substantively deteriorated. Criminological mapping method enables the territorial police divisions to monitor existing criminological situation, inform the public and other law enforcement agencies on trends and locations of drug crime expansion, and reveal the most affected areas to be able to react promptly to crime pattern changes in regions. The application of this method enabled the evident demonstration of the fact that in Ukraine the Eastern and Southern areas were most affected by drug crime, wherein the affection factor in this part is twice higher than general national value.

Формування здорового способу життя майбутніх педагогів в сучасних умовах функціонування українського суспільства

The article describes the state of the main directions of a healthy lifestyle of young people in Ukraine. In recent years, the health of the population of Ukraine has deteriorated, the average food quality and quality of life have decreased, therefore the problem of creating a healthy lifestyle in society is relevant. It is noted that the ways of forming a healthy lifestyle follow from the understanding of its functional structure. Physical activity of a person is the main factor in maintaining and promoting health, a means of preventing diseases and slowing down the aging process of the body, and is the main component of a healthy lifestyle. The features of the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students in the conditions of higher education institutions are analyzed. The concepts of «health», «healthy lifestyle», «health culture» are revealed. The focus is on the problem and analysis of the formation of a healthy lifestyle of young people, as an important component of youth and social public policy. It is a sociocultural environment that contributes to the formation of the personality in all its significant manifestations. But along with this, they limit the space within which she can discover and realize her creative human essence and individuality. The relations between the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the peculiarities of the socio-cultural environment, especially in industrial regions, affecting its readiness for transformative, innovative activity are among the most acute and urgent pedagogical problems of modernity. The statistical data on the trends in the deterioration of health, physical fitness and motor activity of the improving orientation of the population of Ukraine are given. It is noted that higher education institutions are one of the main institutions where a healthy lifestyle is being shaped. The level of their awareness about certain directions of formation of a healthy lifestyle, namely proper nutrition, prevention of alcoholism, drug addiction, and HIV infection is determined. The article pays special attention to the problem of the formation of a healthy lifestyle, due to urgent needs of the society of healthcare in the process of training future professionals. It should be the main direction of social health policy, a universal means of primary prevention, the core of all health programs; should be reduced to measures for the organization of medical care, include measures for hygienic education, the fight against risk factors, the enhancement of physical culture, examples of healthy lifestyles, health programs.

Профилактика наркотической и алкогольной зависимости

Профилактика наркотической и алкогольной зависимости

Базовые потребности как основа первичной профилактики наркомании

Базовые потребности как основа первичной профилактики наркомании

Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of drug addiction among students

Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of drug addiction among students

Volontect antidrag activiti as a part of primary drug addiction prevention among the youth (by the experience of the Siberian law institute of the Ministry of internal affairs of Russia)

Volontect antidrag activiti as a part of primary drug addiction prevention among the youth (by the experience of the Siberian law institute of the Ministry of internal affairs of Russia)

Standard Teacher Training Model Development through the Elementary and Middle School Safety Education Level Analysis

이 연구는 초․중등학교 안전교육 교원연수를 위한 안전교육 영역을 도출하고 영역별 난이도, 중요도, 빈도를 조사 분석하여 영역별 수준(상, 중, 하)을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구 고찰과 초등학교와 중·고등학교 교원 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 연구 결과 및 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선행연구를 통한 초․중등 교원의 안전교육 영역은 생활안전, 교통안전, 약물 및 사이버 중독 예방(직업안전), 재난안전, 시설안전 5대 영역이다. 둘째, 초․중등 교원 안전교육 영역의 난이도, 중요도, 빈도 분석 결과, 교원들은 학교에서 안전사고가 자주 발생하고 있으며 이를 대처하는 학교안전 관련 업무가 대체로 어렵지만 중요하다고 인식한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 초·중등 교원 안전교육 영역의 수준 분석 결과에 따른 연수과정(안)은 ①교통/시설안전 강화형 연수(1-3년차), ②재난안전 강화형 연수(4~6년차), ③생활안전(응급처치) 강화형 연수(7~9년차), ④생활안전(폭력예방) 강화형 연수(10~12년차) 4개 과정이며, 과정명의 교직 경력이 높을수록 높은 난이도의 연수과정을 의미한다. 마지막으로 이 연구에서 영역별·수준별로 체계화한 연수과정은 초중등 교원표준연수모델을 개발하는 기초 자료를 제공하게 된다. 이는 초중등 교원이 재직하는 동안에 각 연수과정을 주기적으로 이수하여 학교안전 전문성을 함양하는 데에 기여하게 될 것이다.This research deduced a safety education domain for the elementary and middle school safety education teacher training, and made an investigation and analysis of domain difficulty level, importance level and frequency, and analyzed the domain level(superior, medium and inferior). To do this, we considered the advanced research and executed the questionnaire for the elementary, middle and high school teachers, having the following research result and conclusion. First, the elementary and middle school teacher’s safety education domains through the advanced research are 5 domains of life safety, traffic safety, drug and cyber addiction prevention(occupational safety), disaster safety and facility safety. Second, as the result of analyzing the difficulty level and importance level and frequency of elementary and middle school teacher’s safety education domain, the teachers recognized that the safety accident is frequently happening at school, and that the school safety related work to cope with it is generally difficult but important. Third, according to the elementary and middle school teacher’s safety education domain level analysis result, the training process(plan) is of 4 processes of ① traffic/facility safety reinforcement type training(1-3 years), ②disaster safety reinforcement type training(4~6 years), ③life safety(first aids)reinforcement type training(7~9 years) and ④life safety (violence prevention) reinforcement type training(10~12 years), and it means that the higher process teacher career the higher difficulty level training process. Finally, the systematized training process by domain and level of this research provided the basic data that develops the elementary and middle school teacher’s standard training model. And this will contribute for the elementary and middle school teacher to complete systematically each process during his tenure of office and to promote his specialities of school safety.

The Pathology of Drug Abuse in Elderly Women: A Qualitative Study

Objectives: One of the most challenging issues facing elderly women is drug abuse. There are different factors affecting the start and continuation of drug use; however, there has not been much research on this subject. Therefore, the present study was conducted to better explore the pathology of substance abuse among elderly women. Materials and Methods: The present research was a qualitative study of 22 elderly women living in Tehran, Iran, who had experience with drug abuse. The data were gathered utilizing semistructured questions during face-to-face interviews and analyzed by conventional content analysis. Results: The data analysis process resulted in 3 main categories: “the maze of addiction among elderly women,” “the factors that extend drug abuse,” and “addiction in elderly women: the bell of deprivation.” Conclusions: There are a few practices that are helpful in decreasing the likelihood of substance abuse among elderly women, including using new pain control treatment methods for the elderly, increasing awareness of the side-effects of drug abuse, inducting the necessary cultural domination practices through group media to prevent breaking the norms of society, and ruling out misconceptions. Financial and emotional support by both family members and society to prevent certain issues, such as forced marriage to addicted men, can also be beneficial in drug addiction withdrawal or prevention among the studied group. Easy access to special withdrawal centers for women, as well as educational-consulting sessions for family members, at which religious principles are emphasized, can help prevent the development of drug abuse in elderly women.

«Soft» and «Tough» Strategies of Social Control Drug Use

«Soft» and «tough» social control strategies and social attitudes toward drug addicts are discussed in the article. The risks of criminalizing of drug users increase the latency of their community, hindering prevention of drug addiction. The article presents an assessment of the effectiveness of soft and tough social strategies of drug addicts in the minds of the Russian regional society – the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra (KhMAO-Ugra). Although supporters of «soft tactics» remain a minority, their share is growing, forming social support for the transition from punitive methods of counteracting drug use to the priority of social prevention and human rights protection.