Cybercrime Prevention Research Articles

Cyber Crime Prevention Model Using Artificial Intelligence

Cyber Crime Prevention Model Using Artificial Intelligence

A partial empirical test of the general strain theory on cyberbullying victimization among expatriate students

A partial empirical test of the general strain theory on cyberbullying victimization among expatriate students

The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 Understanding the Challenges in Pakistan

Cybercrime (e.g., hacking, phishing, and spreading false news) is a criminal activity performed through computing machines. The frequency of these kinds of activities is increasing at a fast pace around the globe and damaging society with financial losses and trust. Miniaturization of computing and the compulsion of web usage in our daily lives are two significant factors that are becoming more pervasive in a rapid increase of cyber security issues, making it a complex problem to tackle. The detection and prevention of cybercrime is paramount for any lawful country. Cybercrime can occur anywhere at any time, and ultimately, the outcome could be devastating. The availability of cyber laws is the first step towards resolving this issue. Still, unfortunately, Pakistani lawmaker institutions, i.e., the National Assembly and Senate of Pakistan, passed the Cybercrime Act very late, i.e., in 2016. Fighting against Cybercrimes in Pakistan is challenging because we still lack a professional workforce and technology. Pakistan is one of the major victims of this problem. This study mainly focuses on the legislation passed by the Government of Pakistan with the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016" followed by analyzing these cyber laws in tackling cybercrime cases.

Cyber Crime Detection and Prevention Techniques on Cyber Cased Objects Using SVM and Smote

Conventional cybersecurity employs crime prevention mechanisms over distributed networks. This demands crime event management at the network level where Detection and Prevention of cybercrimes is a must. A new Framework IDSEM has been introduced in this paper to handle the contemporary heterogeneous objects in cloud environment. This may aid for deployment of analytical tools over the network. A supervised machine learning algorithm like SVM has been implemented to support IDSEM. A machine learning technique Like SMOTE has been implemented to handle imbalanced classification of the sample data. This approach addresses imbalanced datasets by oversampling the minority classes. This will help to solve Social Engineering Attacks (SEA) like Phishing and Vishing. Classification mechanisms like decision trees and probability functions are used in this context. The IDSEM framework could minimize traffic across the cloud network and detect cybercrimes maximally. When results were compared with existing approaches, the results were found to be good, leading to the development of a unique SMOTE algorithm.

Impact of Scaffolding Learning Strategy on Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitude to Cybercrime Prevention

The study investigated the impact of scaffolding learning strategy on pre-service teachers’ attitude to cybercrime prevention. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design of the survey type. The following instrument was developed by the researcher and used for the study, namely: Scaffolding Learning Strategy Guide and Lecture Note (SLSG), Conventional Method Guide and Lecture Note (CMG), Attitude to Cybercrime Prevention Scale (ACPS) and Computer Literacy Test (CLT). The participants for this study were selected using multistage sampling procedure. The first stage involved the use of simple random sampling technique to select three universities (one university for each learning strategy) in the region i.e. Southwest, Nigeria. This was followed by the use of purposive sampling technique to select the department of Social Studies education in each of the universities was selected. Consequently, intact class in each of the selected universities was used alongside three research assistants and three lecturers of the department. The data obtained through the administration of the instruments was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. All the hypotheses were tested and decisions were taken at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that Scaffolding Learning Strategy (SLS) has no effect on the attitude of Social Studies Pre-service Teachers’ attitude to cybercrime prevention, teachers’ gender does not affect their attitude towards cybercrime prevention and computer literacy does not influence the attitude of social studies pre-service teachers to cybercrime prevention. Therefore, it was recommended that the use of instructional strategies should be well articulated so as to bring about change in the attitude of the learners, gender of the learners should not be seen as factor affecting the attitude of learners towards learning. Hence, during teaching, teachers should give room for gender disparity among the learners and emphasis should be place on the computer literacy of learners. That is, learners should be encouraged to have knowledge of the use of computers in teaching and learning process.

Investigating the Effect of Students’ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Digital Citizenship Skills on the Prevention of Cybercrime

The growing prevalence of cybercrime, particularly among young adults, necessitates the promotion of digital citizenship to educate students about responsible online behavior and to equip them with the skills to mitigate cyber risks. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the effect of digital citizenship skills on the prevention of cybercrime among higher education students. A mixed-method approach, including surveys and interviews, was employed to collect data from 652 students in Saudi Arabia. This study found that digital citizenship generally has a significant impact on students’ awareness and prevention of cybercrime through the development of responsible online behavior. Knowledge of digital law came first, followed by beliefs about digital manners. Digital communication skills came third, followed by digital rights, knowledge, and duties in fourth place. Then, digital commerce skills and digital health beliefs came fifth and sixth, respectively. This was followed by digital access skills, then digital security, and finally digital culture. The results also revealed a negative statistical relationship between digital citizenship and cybercrimes’ various forms including national, financial, banking, social, immoral, insulting, slanderous, defaming, threatening, and harassment in virtual learning environments. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how higher education institutions can promote digital citizenship and prevent cybercrime by integrating digital citizenship education into their curriculum, providing training for educators, and establishing clear policies and guidelines for responsible online behavior.

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION (INTERPOL): HISTORY AND CURRENT TRENDS OF ACTIVITY

The article deals with the historical milestones of the International Criminal Police Organization as well as the current trends in its activity. The main historical prerequisites for the creation, development and functioning of the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) are highlighted, including the historical prerequisites for the creation of the National Central Bureau in Ukraine. The role and significance of the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) in international cooperation in the fight against general criminality in the context of its legal, technical, and organizational evolution are considered. The main modern trends in the activity and cooperation of the organization are analyzed. The author underlines that Interpol is an intergovernmental organization that facilitates international police cooperation and the main mission of it to promote global police cooperation, prevent and combat international crime, and provide a range of policing services to its member countries. The organization initially focused on facilitating the exchange of criminal intelligence between member countries, but over time, it has expanded its mandate to include a range of activities related to international law enforcement. Currently, Interpol has 195 member countries, making it the world’s largest international organization. One of the key challenges facing Interpol is balancing the needs of its member countries with the need to respect individual rights and privacy. Another important trend in Interpol’s work is the growing focus on cybersecurity and the prevention of cybercrime. It is also analyzed the current structure of Interpol and the role of each structure, the process of the establishment of the National Central Bureau in Ukraine, and the interaction of Interpol with other world organizations. Interpol has been working for almost a century to promote international police cooperation and the fight against transnational crime. With the increasing interconnectedness of the world and the rise of new forms of crime such as cybercrime, Interpol’s role in facilitating cross-border law enforcement cooperation and preventing international crime is expected to become even more significant in the coming years.

Legal Support for the Prevention of Cybercrime in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan

Relevance. The content of their legal support is of great importance in the prevention of crime, including cybercrime in Russia and Kazakhstan. Cybercrime legislation in Russia and Kazakhstan is diverse and has its own peculiarities. It is relevant to study the content and system of legal measures to prevent cybercrime in Russia and Kazakhstan and to develop a unified approach to the systematization of regulatory legal acts aimed at ensuring cybersecurity and preventing cybercrime.Purpose. The aim is to identify shortcomings and develop proposals to improve the effectiveness of legal support for the prevention of cybercrime in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.Objectives. to study and compare the content of international legal acts, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the prevention of cybercrime and cybersecurity.Methodology. The basis of scientific research was the universal dialectical method. A general scientific method of analysis was also used, which made it possible to systematize regulatory legal acts on the prevention of cybercrime. The method of scientific synthesis was used for the author's presentation of legal support for the prevention of cybercrime. The method of comparative jurisprudence has become the basis for the characterization of legal support for the prevention of cybercrime in legal science and in the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.Results. In the course of the study, the shortcomings of the systematization of legislation on the prevention of cybercrime in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan were identified, the classification of relevant regulatory legal acts on the basis of the subjects that adopt them was proposed.Conclusion. For a deeper disclosure of the system of regulatory legal acts related to cybersecurity and the prevention of cybercrime in Russia and Kazakhstan, the exclusion of gaps in legal regulation, as well as their duplication, their complete classification is necessary on the basis of the entities that accept them.

Regarding the state of cybercrime prevention in Ukraine: problems of formation of official statistics

The article analyzes the types, forms, and content of statistical reporting reflecting the state and structure of cybercrime in Ukraine. It is noted that there is currently no clear definition of the concept of cybercrime in domestic legislation. Among scientists and practitioners, there is also no single approach to delineating the grounds for classifying illegal acts as such crimes. At the same time, such uncertainty has a negative impact on the effectiveness of countering cybercrime in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is a systematic analysis of available state statistical data related to cybercrime, persons who have committed cybercrime, and other data reflected in various sources; an assessment of the structure and content of such data and the possibilities of their use for the prevention and counteraction of cybercrime; coverage of problematic issues related to the formation of official statistical reporting on recorded cybercrimes. On the basis of official state statistical reporting prepared by the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, it is possible to analyze a small group of criminal offenses, namely, those provided for by the articles of Chapter XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
 Some of the «traditional crimes» that fall under the concept of cybercrime are reflected in the departmental statistical reporting of the National Police of Ukraine, but it does not cover all cybercrimes and, of course, takes into account only those that are under the jurisdiction of the National Police of Ukraine. It was concluded that there is no official state statistical reporting on cybercrime in Ukraine. Considering the high latency of this type of criminal offense, it can be stated that it is impossible to conduct an analysis that would fully and reliably reflect the state of cybercrime in Ukraine

Exploring the Relationship Between Cybersecurity Culture and Cyber-Crime Prevention: A Systematic Review

Cybercrime requires a multidimensional approach addressing technical, organisational, and human factors to prevent cyber-attacks. This systematic review highlights the significance of a strong cybersecurity culture in mitigating the risks of cyberattacks and enhancing an organisation's resilience. Implementing training and awareness programmes, establishing leadership support and accountability mechanisms, and fostering employee engagement are strategies for promoting a strong cybersecurity culture. However, fostering a robust culture of cybersecurity can be challenging and requires the participation of various stakeholders. Training and awareness programmes can significantly improve employee cybersecurity knowledge and behaviour, and leadership support is essential for establishing a cybersecurity culture. It is possible to enforce employee compliance with cybersecurity policies and procedures through accountability mechanisms, such as consequences for noncompliance and periodic security audits. Involving employees in the creation of cybersecurity policies and procedures, as well as recognising and rewarding responsible behaviour, can increase employee engagement and investment in cybersecurity. Although technical measures such as firewalls and encryption are essential for defending against cyber-attacks, a strong cybersecurity culture is necessary to mitigate cybercrime risks and enhance an organisation's resilience. Future research should identify and evaluate effective strategies for cultivating a robust cybersecurity culture in the context of preventing cybercrime. Cybersecurity should be a top priority for businesses and individuals, who must take preventative measures against cyber-attacks. By fostering a robust culture of cybersecurity, businesses can increase their resilience and reduce the risks of cybercrime.

The Role of Cybersecurity Knowledge and Awareness in Cybersecurity Intention and Behavior in the United States

Despite the rapid escalation of cybercrimes in modern society, few viable cybersecurity and cybercrime prevention programs exist. Consequently, this research considers cybersecurity as a key element for mitigating the potential risk and incidents of cybercrime. The study aims to understand the role of individuals’ cybersecurity knowledge and awareness in shaping their cybersecurity intention and behavior in the United States. The results reveal that information and communications technology variables, education, income, and gender are contributing predictors of a level of cybersecurity knowledge. The effects of information and communications technology variables varied across gender for both correct and uncertain responses. The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive understanding of both technical and human/individual factors for cybersecurity knowledge and education.

Exploring the Cybercrime Prevention Campaign on Twitter: Evidence from the Indonesian Government

Cybercrime in Indonesia has recently become a significant problem in line with the increase in internet users, which is a serious issue among online community networks. Therefore, this makes government authorities strive to take preventive measures to prevent the spread of cybercrime. In this case, this article aims to explore the Indonesian government's efforts under the National Cyber and Crypto Agency to run a cybercrime prevention campaign through the @BSSN_RI Twitter account with the tagline Guard Cyberspace. Exploration studies have been initiated and visualized with the code of the NVivo tool. This research has produced several findings, including: Firstly, the Indonesian government has taken current preventive measures, and there has been a call to action to prevent cybercrime during the last two years. Secondly, the Indonesian government has maximized its efforts to prevent cybercrime through various tweets, posters, and the hashtag. Furthermore, Twitter users (outside of public sector accounts) are also contributing to spreading cybercrime prevention campaigns. In addition, there are several words and hashtag frequencies that echo the point of view of the campaign. Moreover, this research also contributes significantly to increasing the richness of literature on how government authorities’ use social media as a cybercrime prevention campaign tool, which past studies have limited.

Utilizing cyberplace managers to prevent and control cybercrimes: a vignette experimental study

Place management is central to Routine Activities Theory and proactive utilization of place managers is one of 25 Situational Crime Prevention techniques. Yet little is known about the effectiveness of using place managers to prevent cybercrimes. This paper uses a vignette experimental survey of 213 cybersecurity professionals to explore their perceptions of cybercrime prevention. We find that organizations that partner with and proactively utilize cybersecurity professionals as place managers are perceived as more effective in controlling cybercrimes than those organizations that do not specifically assign professionals to proactively prevent and control cybercrimes. We conclude that assigned cyberplace managers are more likely to use their cyber skills and knowledge than those who lack the time and space to utilize their cyber expertise.

Cybercrime and cyberterrorism as a threat to information security: international legal aspect

As to the problem of international law prevention of cyber crime and cyber terrorism as a result of the negative impact of information technologies on the society.

Cybersecurity for MSMEs in India: “Analysis of Cyber-Attacks and Implementation of Suitable Security Framework”

Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses (MSME) are currently the main targets of cyberattacks in India, yet the fact is that their environment frequently overlooks the prevention of cybercrime. We attempted to introduce a somewhat more robust, self reliant, and efficient cybersecurity solution that can enable higher oppportunity to each individual enterprise's evolving needs and can also quickly adjust with the constantly changing threat environment over the cyber space. Cybersecurity is an environment that is highly demanding and challenging due to the various data transmission layers and the supported IoT devices. The various technologies and tools that can be used to build a cyber security framework specifically for MSMEs are reviewed in this article.

Трансформация киберпреступности: современные угрозы и их предупреждение

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the transformation of crime into cyberspace, characterized by high latency, problems of detection and investigation, is a serious threat to modern society. The existing system of preventive measures and measures of criminal legal impact in Russia is not able to fully counteract cybercrime, which justifies the relevance and necessity of conducting scientific research in this area for the purpose of criminological and criminal law prevention of cybercrime. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the state of cybercrime in Russia, identify the main threats to cybercrime and develop measures to prevent it. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the general philosophical dialectical method of scientific cognition, which allows to obtain objective information about the processes and phenomena of the material world associated with cybercrime; comparative analysis, which revealed the relevance and problems of modern threats to cybercrime; systematization, which allowed to formulate conclusions and proposals for the prevention of cybercrime, taking into account current trends. Results. The criminological and criminal-legal information analyzed by the author on the transformation of cybercrime and the threats it poses to modern society dictate the need to develop comprehensive criminological support for prevention measures and conduct scientific research on its trends, patterns and determination. The existing potential cyber threats seem dangerous for the normal development of modern society. Most Russian companies were not ready for the emergence of a new method of cyber threat - the use of steelers. Methods of committing cybercrimes are constantly being improved. The latest digital technologies spread their effect in the criminal environment, actively propagandize extremist and terrorist slogans, form a destructive ideology among young people. The complexity of detecting and investigating cybercrimes is justified by many factors, including transnational nature, insufficient training of law enforcement. Conclusion. Proposals aimed at improving the effectiveness of interaction between various law enforcement agencies and other security structures in preventing cybercrime are formulated. The necessity of: victimological prevention for population groups at risk; conducting criminological monitoring of cybercrimes; supplementing criminal law legislation with the necessary terminology; adopting a cybersecurity Strategy in the Russian Federation is substantiated.

Киберпространство как место совершения преступлений: современные тенденции, особенности, меры предупреждения

The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that the development of technology, the prevalence of computer technology and the Internet among the population have led to the emergence of a global problem for society – cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to analyze crimes committed in the information and digital space in the Russian Federation and determine preventive measures for various areas of this type of crime. Today, we are not yet talking about the timely universal prevention of cybercrime by law enforcement agencies; we consider it necessary to develop legislative regulation of this area of activity and to ensure the necessary retraining of law enforcement agencies to increase knowledge in the field of prevention, prevention and detection of cybercrimes. The methodology consists of dialectical, structural, formal legal and comparative legal methods, analysis and synthesis. The history and causes of crimes in the cyberspace are analyzed, the features of cyber attacks and cybercrimes in various fields are studied, and preventive measures for the corresponding crime are proposed. It is noted that the legal mechanisms of responsibility for some types of crimes are absent in the legislation due to the constantly changing methods of committing crimes, which also make it difficult for law enforcement agencies to solve them. Their solution is seen in the comprehensive application of preventive measures, timely changes in legislation and regular retraining of law enforcement agencies.

Индивидуальная виктимологическая профилактика киберпреступности

The article is devoted to the analysis of individual measures of victimological prevention of cybercrime. The paper defines the concept under consideration and describes its key properties. During the analysis of special literature, domestic and foreign sources, three levels of individual victimological prevention are identified: 1. Pre-incident (development of models for countering cybercriminals); 2. Incidental (development of victim behavior accounting standards); 3. Post-incident (development of standards for responding to cyber-victimization). Each of these levels is described in detail (including the rules of personal security in the pre-incident perspective; as well as scripts for responding to a virtual victim - at the post–incident stage). Each of these levels is a basic functional part of an individual psychological prevention in the information and telecommunications space.

Operational Sustainability and Digital Leadership for Cybercrime Prevention

Operational Sustainability and Digital Leadership for Cybercrime Prevention

A hybrid model of risk assessment of the functioning of information modules of critical infrastructure objects

The work carried out a theoretical study of the development of a mathematical hybrid model of risk assessment of the functioning of information modules of critical infrastructure objects in different modes, for proactive decision-making support. The model is able to assess the risks of the functioning of information modules, uses the intellectual analysis of experts' knowledge, reveals the vagueness of input estimates, increases the degree of validity of making further management decisions based on the obtained results. As a result, a vague aggregated assessment of the operation of the information module of the critical infrastructure facility was obtained; linguistic interpretation of the level of functioning of the module of the critical infrastructure object to support decision-making; the level of risk of functioning of the corresponding module. The developed model will be a useful tool for experts on the security of the operation of critical infrastructure objects in the framework of cybercrime prevention.