Crime Prevention Research Articles

ПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНАЯ ПРЕПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНАЯ ПРЕСТУПНОСТЬ: ВИКТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТСТУПНОСТЬ: ВИКТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article examines the victimological features that manifest themselves in the process of penitentiary crime. The determinants of the victimological nature of penitentiary crime are classified, namely the key determinants of a legal and organizational nature. The factors contributing to the commission of crimes by convicts are analyzed, the problematic sides are noted. The features of the victim component in the causal complex of penitentiary crime are revealed. It is proposed to intensify scientific research in the field of victimization of crime of convicts, as well as measures of operational investigative prevention of crime caused by the victimization of a potential victim

Comparative analysis of the clinical and social characteristics of persons with organic mental disorders suffering from mental retardation who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts

BACKGROUND: The study of various characteristics of mentally ill persons suffering from mental disorders that influence the possibility of committing a repeated socially dangerous act. This has been one of the most urgent tasks of forensic psychiatry in recent years. The identification of such factors will significantly improve the secondary prevention of crime among the mentally ill. AIM: The purpose of the study — a comparative analysis of clinical and social characteristics in patients with mental retardation and organic psychological disorders (hereinafter referred to as DIS) who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (hereafter referred to as DIS) and the identification of factors specific to patients with mental retardation that contribute to the commission of repeated DIS. Design: comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The comparative study included 65 patients diagnosed with mild and moderate mental retardation (who made up the main group A) and 45 patients with organic mental disorders (who made up the comparative group B) had repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (OOD), who had been recognised as insane and who had undergone two or more periods of court-ordered compulsory medical treatment (hereafter referred to as MMMT) of various types. The study was carried out both in the form of a personal questionnaire and through a retrospective study of the patients' medical records. Correlation and comparative analysis were the main research methods used in the thesis. RESULTS: A number of clinical and social characteristics such as: hereditary burden of exogenous diseases (r +0.58, pi 0.05); single lifestyle (r +0.33, pi 0.05); urban place of residence (r +0.21, pi 0.05) increase the risk of repeated OOD, and are specific predictors for patients with mental retardation. A number of characteristics had a negative impact on the possibility of repeated OOD and negative correlations: the absence of any hereditary burden (r –0.44, pi 0.05), the presence of severe endogenous heredity (r –0.35, pi 0.05), living in rural areas (r –0.21, pi 0.05), concomitant alcohol dependence (r –0.29, pi 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data obtained will form the basis for the development of practical recommendations for secondary forensic psychiatric prevention, specifically for this nosological group, as well as methods for predicting and preventing recurrent DIS.

Analysis of the Flow of Offenders to the Metropolitan Region of Chile

This study, based on data from 2015 to 2019 on the movement of offenders to the Metropolitan Region of Chile, uses Poisson and Negative Binomial models to analyze the flow of offenders from other Chilean regions. It confirms that factors such as gender, educational level, location of crime, and type of crime significantly motivate displacement. The profile of the typical offender is an educated man who commits crimes against property on public roads, coming mainly from neighboring and populated regions. These findings have implications for crime prevention, suggesting that strategies to prevent crime should take this into account. Future research at the commune level is proposed for a more detailed understanding of offender displacement patterns and to inform local crime-prevention strategies.

A welfare analysis of Medicaid and recidivism.

We present conservative estimates for the marginal value of public funds (MVPF) associated with providing Medicaid to inmates exiting prison. The MVPF measures the ratio between a policy's social benefits and its governmental costs. Our MVPF estimates suggest that every additional $1 the government spends on providing inmates exiting prison with Medicaid coverage can result in social benefits ranging between $3.45 and $10.62. A large proportion of the benefits we consider stems from the reduced future criminal involvement among former inmates who receive Medicaid. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we find that Medicaid expansions reduce the average number of times a released inmate is reimprisoned within 1year by approximately 11.5%. By combining this estimate with key values reported elsewhere (e.g., victimization costs, data on victimization and incarceration), we quantify specific benefits arising from the policy. These encompass diminished criminal harm due to lower reoffense rates, direct benefits to former inmates through Medicaid coverage, increased employment opportunities, and reduced loss of liberty resulting from fewer future reimprisonments. Net-costs consist of the cost of providing Medicaid net of changes in the governmental cost of imprisonment, changes in the tax revenue due to increased employment, and changes in spending on other public assistance programs. We interpret our estimates as conservative since we deliberately err on the side of under-estimating benefits and over-estimating costs when data on specific items are imprecise or incomplete. Our findings align closely with others in the sparse literature investigating the crime-related welfare impacts of Medicaid access, underscoring the substantial indirect benefits public health insurance programs can offer through crime reduction, in addition to their direct health-related advantages.

Prevention, Control and Management of Drug-related Crime in the Form of "Internet+Shipping"

Prevention, Control and Management of Drug-related Crime in the Form of "Internet+Shipping"

A Model of Natural Resources Conflict Resolution in Kalimantan Tengah Using The Dayak Hinting Pali Custom Ritual

As a result of neglecting environmental damage and other impacts, of course, this has created conflicts over natural resources between indigenous Dayak communities and companies operating in Central Kalimantan. In dealing with environmental disputes, the community continues to look for a way out through various settlement efforts made in the context of fighting for community justice and environmental justice. One of the alternatives used by the Dayak customary law community in Central Kalimantan when the law or formal process is constrained or stalled in dealing with conflicts between the community and the company is by empowering the Hinting Pali. This research is legal research using a conceptual approach. The legal materials used were secondary and tertiary legal materials which were analyzed using an analytical description. Based on the results of the research, the meaning and essence of Hinting Pali are based on the perspective of kaharingan religious rituals (such as hintingidentical to the Tiwah traditional ceremony) and based on the point of view of hinting as an effort to defend land rights for indigenous Dayak people, hinting has experienced a change in meaning to the era of penetration of oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan. The Dayak customary ritual Hinting Pali empirically in Central Kalimantan is used as an alternative model for resolving natural resource conflicts. Several cases of conflict between the community and the company have used hinting pal as a means for the company to comply and resolve the problem with the community. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that empirically the Dayak Hinting Pali in Central Kalimantan is used as an alternative model of conflict resolution involving land, natural resources, and customary forests.

T91 - Justice Community Opioid Innovations Network Linkage Facilitation

T91 - Justice Community Opioid Innovations Network Linkage Facilitation

Role of Artificial Intelligence in the crime prediction and pattern analysis studies published over the last decade: a scientometric analysis

Crime is the intentional commission of an act usually suspected as socially detrimental and specifically defined, forbidden, and punishable under criminal law. Developing a society that is less susceptible to criminal acts makes crime prediction and pattern analysis (CPPA) a paramount topic for academic research interest. With the innovation in technology and rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the research in the field of CPPA has evolved radically to predict crime efficiently. While the number of publications is expanding substantially, we believe there is a dearth of thorough scientometric analysis for this topic. This work intends to analyze research conducted in the last decade using Scopus data and a scientometric technique, emphasizing citation trends and intriguing journals, nations, institutions, their collaborations, authors, and co-authorship networks in CPPA research. Furthermore, three field plots have been staged to visualize numerous associations between country, journal, keyword, and author. Besides, a comprehensive keyword analysis is carried out to visualize the CPPA research carried out with AI amalgamation. A total of five clusters have been identified depicting several AI methods used by the researchers in CPPA and the evolution of research trends over time from various perspectives.

Promotion of environmental public health and environmental justice in communities affected by large and long lasting industrial contamination: methods applied and lessons learned from the case study of Porto Torres (Italy).

Communities affected by large scale and long lasting industrial contamination are often keen to understand whether their health has been impaired by such contamination. This requires answers that integrate environmental public health and environmental justice perspectives. At these sites, exposure scenarios from environmental contamination over time by multiple chemicals, often involving different environmental matrices, are complex and challenging to reconstruct. An approach for describing the health of such communities in association with environmental contamination is presented, with the methods applied across the three domains of environmental contamination, population exposure and toxicology, environmental and social epidemiology, and environmental public health communication. The approach is described with examples from its application to the case study of Porto Torres, a town with a substantial industrially conditioned evolution. Activities in the field of environmental contamination, population exposure and toxicology focus on the collection and systematization of available contamination data, the identification of priority pollutants based on their toxicological profiles, the qualitative assessment of the likelihood of exposure for the population to priority pollutants and their known health effects. Environmental and social epidemiology methods are applied to describe the health profiles and socioeconomic conditions of the local population, taking into account multiple health outcomes from local information systems and considering specific diseases based on exposure and toxicological assessments. The environmental public health communication methods are directed to produce a communication plan and for its implementation through interaction with local institutional and social actors. The interpretation of health profiles benefits from a transdisciplinary analysis of the results. The proposed approach combines the needs of environmental public health and environmental justice allowing the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge to define recommendations for reducing and/or preventing hazardous environmental exposures and adverse health effects, stimulating the interactions between stakeholders, and making the study results more accessible to citizens.

Face Detection and Recognition for Criminal Identification System

This project showcases a powerful Face Detection and Recognition system intended to improve law enforcement skills by speeding up the identification of suspects in criminal cases. The system uses scalable databases and real-time computation, however instead of using traditional web sources for face detection. Accuracy and dependability are ensured by using the LBPH algorithm for face recognition and the Haar-cascade classifier for feature detection. The smtplib library allows the system to send a Gmail notification when it finds a matching face. The system that has been built contributes to public safety initiatives by improving law enforcement operations and demonstrating versatility for different face detection circumstances. The outcomes show how successfully the system can detect faces in real-time circumstances. The system achieves great performance by creating dynamic datasets and integrating algorithms. Integrating Gmail improves law enforcement response by facilitating prompt contact of identified suspects. This study highlights the role that surveillance technology plays in public safety and crime prevention, and it provides law enforcement authorities with useful solutions. Furthermore, the uses of this facial recognition and detection technology go beyond police enforcement. It can expedite attendance tracking and improve security in access control systems. Because of its adaptability, it can be used in a variety of industries and is expected to have a significant impact.

Forensic intelligence: Expanding the potential of forensic document examination

AbstractForensic document examination is characterized by its longevity, diversity, and evolution over time. Predominantly, published research within this field has focused on handwriting examination, the articulation of forensic conclusions, and the development of technical instrumental advancements, focusing on the use of document examination in the resolution of casework. This is a persistent and common problem within forensic science that Kirk identified in 1963 and that other authors have reaffirmed more recently. Ultimately, this has resulted in the potential of forensic intelligence, remaining relatively underexplored in the field of document examination. Forensic intelligence is a different way to view and analyze traces, shifting the focus from the traditional identification of source and activity, to instead identifying trends in criminal activity to assist in the reduction, prevention, and proactive disruption of crime. Despite a distinct disparity between these strands of research, there has been a persevering evolution toward the implementation of a systematic forensic intelligence method for the examination of fraudulent identity documents. Since its initial inception into the research community, this method has expanded and been implemented across Europe, and Canada, with tests also being conducted in Australia. These first tangible steps toward a forensic intelligence capacity within document examination have also inspired new work using forensic intelligence and systematic comparisons within the field of handwriting examination, as well as the recognition of the transversal potential of this method, with it being applied to both physical and digital documents. In this review, the fields of document examination and forensic intelligence will first be introduced, along with a subsequent examination of the research that has led to the creation of a forensic intelligence model within the field of document examination. It should be noted that this review has largely been limited to a review of research that has been published in English and French due to the language of the authors.This article is categorized under: Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods Crime Scene Investigation > Epistemology and Method

Predicting Crime Hotspots using Machine Learning Techniques

This research delves into the application of machine learning algorithms for forecasting crime hotspots by leveraging historical data of public property crime in a major coastal city in southeast China. The study conducts a comparative analysis, emphasizing the predictive efficacy of various machine learning models. Results indicate that the LSTM model surpasses other methods including KNN, random forest, support vector machine, naive Bayes, and convolutional neural networks when utilizing solely historical crime data. Moreover, integrating built environment data such as points of interest (POIs) and urban road network density as covariates into the LSTM model enhances predictive accuracy. These findings bear significance for shaping policing strategies and implementing measures for crime prevention and control.

A Video Data Analysis of Pet Theft Incidents: An Examination of Offense Form, Situational Dynamics, & Offender Characteristics

ABSTRACT Pet theft is a type of property crime, but pet-owner relationships include emotional dimensions and life experiences that can compound their loss far beyond property value. Their bondedness with humans includes companionship as well as healthy lifestyle and mental wellness benefits, which are abruptly halted at junctures of pet loss. Though pets are stolen for various motives (e.g. ransom, reward, resale, or breeding), this crime form has received little research attention from academic criminology and criminal justice. Toward building a line of inquiry, this paper empirically explores the phenomena of “dognapping” as dogs are the most frequently stolen pet and the only pet for which there is a database large enough for meaningful exploration. Content analysis of online posts and web-based video data (Twitter/X1 posts, YouTube videos, and social media websites dedicated to missing and stolen pets) enabled a delineation of dog theft forms, offense dynamics, and offender characteristics. Findings regarding residential and commercial dog theft center discussion on situational crime prevention implications and additional research opportunities to further evidence and explore this relatively disregarded crime.

Time of week intensity estimation from partly interval censored data with applications to police patrol planning

Law enforcement agencies are tasked with crime prevention and crime reduction under limited resources. Having an accurate temporal estimate of the crime rate would be valuable to achieve such a goal. However, estimation is usually complicated by the interval censored nature of crime data. We cast the problem of intensity estimation as a Poisson regression using an EM algorithm to estimate the parameters. Two special penalties are added that provide smoothness over the time of day and day of week. This approach provides accurate intensity estimates and can also uncover day of week clusters that share the same intensity patterns. Both simulated and real crime data gathered from the city of Cincinnati and the city of Dallas are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi

ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.

Environmental Protections During Armed Conflict as Supportive Mechanisms for the Prevention of Atrocity Crimes

Abstract The potential exacerbating impact of environmental damage incurred during armed conflict has gained increasing attention in regional and international fora. The links between conflict and the environment are indirect, but irrefutable. Environmental damage further has the potential to adversely affect risk factors associated with atrocity crimes. It is necessary to consider adequate environmental protections to avoid serious and negative long-lasting effects, and to prevent the exacerbation of conflicts into atrocity crimes. The vulnerability of the population generally and the environment is evident in armed conflict. This article explores the nexus between environmental damage and atrocity crimes generally before considering existing environmental protections during armed conflict and opportunities for progressive development. It argues that the enhancement of existing international legal obligations either through additional protections or improved implementation measures is necessary to protect the environment and contribute to the reduction of the risk of atrocity crimes.

The Role of Information Governance in Mitigating Financial Crime Risks in Stablecoin Transactions

This study investigates the role of information governance in mitigating financial crime risks in stablecoin transactions. Using a variety of analytical techniques, including simple linear regression, sentiment analysis with NLP tools, logistic regression, and machine learning models, the research evaluates the impact of information governance on innovation, user trust, financial crimes, and the effectiveness of combined compliance measures. The findings indicate that strict information governance regulations reduce innovation but enhance market stability and user trust. Robust governance correlates strongly with increased user adoption, while higher anonymity features in stablecoins are linked to a higher incidence of financial crimes. Integrating KYC/AML compliance with transaction monitoring significantly improves the detection and prevention of financial crimes compared to standalone approaches. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, regulatory authorities, and financial institutions to develop strategies that balance innovation with enhanced security and compliance in the stablecoin market.

Exposure to Crime and Racial Birth Outcome Disparities.

Urban communities in the United States were transformed at the end of the twentieth century by a rapid decline in neighborhood crime and violence. We leverage that sharp decline in violence to estimate the relationship between violent crime rates and racial disparities in birth outcomes. Combining birth certificate data from US counties with the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting statistics from 1992 to 2002, we show that lower crime rates are associated with substantially smaller Black-White disparities in birth weight, low birth weight, and small for gestational age. These associations are stronger in more segregated counties, suggesting that the impacts of the crime decline may have been concentrated in places with larger disparities in exposure to crime. We also estimate birth outcome disparities under the counterfactual that the crime decline did not occur and show that reductions in crime statistically explain between one-fifth and one-half of the overall reduction in Black-White birth weight, LBW, and SGA disparities that occurred during the 1990s. Drawing on recent literature showing that exposure to violent crime has negative causal effects on birth outcomes, which in turn influence life-course outcomes, we argue that these results suggest that changes in national crime rates have implications for urban health inequality.

Impact of Modern Cultism and Governance in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate the factors responsible for cultism in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This was necessitated by the prevalent cult attacks that threaten lives and property in the state, and to examine the measures taken to fight against this menace. This study adopted two theories to guide the research, namely, symbolic interactionism and brotherhoodism in efforts to explain cultism. The data for the study were obtained through personal interviews with traditional rulers, police and the clergy, while secondary data were obtained from textbooks, journals, newspapers, and magazines. A total of 100 respondents were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analyzed qualitatively as well as theoretically and empirical studies were reviewed from the basis for conclusion and recommendations. The paper recommends that the Nigeria police force should establish a police community trust relationship in their various stations for effective crime prevention and control. Also, distress call lines should be made available to the public to send information to the police.

Toward biodefence: a framework for the mitigation of malicious threats to livestock production enterprises in Australia

Biosecurity underpins the Australian agricultural sector, estimated to be worth $51 billion in exports and trade, $50 billion in tourism, $5.7 trillion in environmental assets, and more than 1.6 million jobs. Given the value to the Australian economy and the potential consequences of a deliberately introduced biological agent, measures to prevent malicious biosecurity threats are critical for national security. Using the framework of Situational Crime Prevention (SCP), the study examined recommended biosecurity practices for cattle production enterprises in Australia and explored the extent to which the Australian biosecurity framework is underpinned by preventative security. The study found the existing biosecurity framework has limited theoretical security underpinning and is constituted by practices primarily aimed at preventing naturally occurring and accidental threats, rather than an active preventative security approach at the farming level to mitigate threats of a malicious or deliberate nature. These findings identify a deficit in Australia’s national security approach to biosecurity in cattle production enterprises, establishing a need for biosecurity recommendations at an industry and primary production level to embed security theory and principles to account for malicious actors in alignment with international biodefence strategy. Subsequently, the study demonstrated how security theory can be applied to biosecurity and the agricultural sector more broadly and developed an SCP framework toward biodefence of agriculture, converging biosecurity and security as a bilateral approach to mitigating naturally occurring, accidental, and deliberate biosecurity threats.