Investigation of the incidence of Poultry disease in Central and South America yielded the following order of frequency and/or importance: 1)Newcastle Disease 2)Infectious Bursal Disease 3) Chronic Respiratory Disease 4) Avian Infectious Bronchitis, Coccidiosis (tie) 5) Mycoplasmosis, Mycotic related disease (tie) 6) Infectious Coryza 7) Salmonellosis 8) Marek's Disease, Internal Parasites (tie). Methods for prevention and/or control of most of these reported poultry diseases are available in most countries surveyed. Their incidence may therefore be due to inadequate implementation of these preventative and/or control methods. Vaccines for Newcastle Disease, Avian Infectious Bronchitis, and Marek's Disease are available in all surveyed countries. However, their incidence remains a significant economic problem. Vaccines for Infectious Bursal Disease and Infectious Coryza are available in some countries but are also needed in some countries that have not approved their use. There are vaccines available for the control of Coccidiosis, Mycoplasmosis and Salmonellosis in a limited number of countries but there may be better alternatives for their prevention and/or control. Medications for the prevention of Coccidiosis, mycotic-related diseases and internal parasites are widely available and approved for use by the countries surveyed. However, their incidence persists at a recognizable level. Medications for the treatment of Coccidiosis, Mycoplasmosis, mycotic-related diseases, Infectious Coryza, Salmonellosis and internal parasites are also widely available but alternatives for prevention of these diseases are desirable. Prevention by security management, sanitation, isolation, and, in some cases, eradication is theoretically possible for most of the reported diseases. However, the economic conditions of the involved countries limits the practical applications of some of these preventative methods.