Prevention Of Chronic Diseases Research Articles

Ultra-Microporous Fe-MOF with Prolonged NO Delivery in Biological Media for Therapeutic Application.

Nitric oxide (NO), a key element in the regulation of essential biological mechanisms, presents huge potential as therapeutic agent in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites are promising carriers for NO therapies but delivering it over an extended period in biological media remains a great challenge due to i) a fast degradation of the material in body fluids and/or ii) a rapid replacement of NO by water molecules onto the Lewis acid sites. Here, a new ultra-narrow pores Fe bisphosphonate MOF, denoted MIP-210(Fe) or Fe(H2O)(Hmbpa) (H4mbpa = p-xylenediphosphonic acid) is described that adsorbs NO due to an unprecedented sorption mechanism: coordination of NO through the Fe(III) sites is unusually preferred, replacing bound water, and creating a stable interaction with the free H2O and P-OH groups delimiting the ultra-narrow pores. This, associated with the high chemical stability of the MOF in body fluids, enables an unprecedented slow replacement of NO by water molecules in biological media, achieving an extraordinarily extended NO delivery time over at least 70h, exceeding by far the NO kinetics release reported with others porous materials, paving the way for the development of safe and successful gas therapies.

Effect of hearing intervention on communicative function: A secondary analysis of the ACHIEVE randomized controlled trial.

The Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) Study was designed to determine the effects of a best-practice hearing intervention on cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults. Here, we conducted a secondary analysis of the ACHIEVE Study to investigate the effect of hearing intervention on self-reported communicative function. The ACHIEVE Study is a parallel-group, unmasked, randomized controlled trial of adults aged 70-84 years with untreated mild-to-moderate hearing loss and without substantial cognitive impairment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to a hearing intervention (audiological counseling and provision of hearing aids) or a control intervention of health education (individual sessions with a health educator covering topics on chronic disease prevention) and followed semiannually for 3 years. Self-reported communicative function was measured with the Hearing Handicap Inventory-Elderly Screening version (HHIE-S, range 0-40, higher scores indicate greater impairment). Effect of hearing intervention versus control on HHIE-S was analyzed through an intention-to-treat model controlling for known covariates. HHIE-S improved after 6-months with hearing intervention compared to control, and continued to be better through 3-year follow-up. We estimated a difference of -8.9 (95% CI: -10.4, -7.5) points between intervention and control groups in change in HHIE-S score from baseline to 6 months, -9.3 (95% CI: -10.8, -7.9) to Year 1, -8.4 (95% CI: -9.8, -6.9) to Year 2, and - 9.5 (95% CI: -11.0, -8.0) to Year 3. Other prespecified sensitivity analyses that varied analytical parameters did not change the observed results. Hearing intervention improved self-reported communicative function compared to a control intervention within 6 months and with effects sustained through 3 years. These findings suggest that clinical recommendations for older adults with hearing loss should encourage hearing intervention that could benefit communicative function and potentially have positive downstream effects on other aspects of health.

On the issue of legal support for long-term strategy in prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in Russia.

On the issue of legal support for long-term strategy in prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in Russia.

Tea Consumption and Human Health: A Review of Benefits and Impact on Chronic Disease Prevention

Tea, derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, is a globally consumed beverage with a rich history spanning thousands of years. Its cultural and social significance is evident in numerous societies, from ancient China to modern Western cultures. Historically revered for its potential health benefits, tea has gained scientific support for its role in chronic disease prevention. This review examines the historical and cultural importance of tea, its bioactive compounds, and its impact on health. Key areas include cancer prevention, cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome management, and neuroprotection. Green tea, particularly noted for its high concentration of catechins, has been extensively studied for its health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-preventive properties. Black, oolong, and white teas each offer distinct benefits due to their unique compositions. Despite the promising evidence, potential risks such as caffeine sensitivity and reduced iron absorption should be considered. Future research is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying tea’s health benefits and to explore its efficacy across diverse populations. Keywords: Tea, Camellia sinensis, Health Benefits, Cancer Prevention, Cardiovascular Health, Metabolic Syndrome.

Industry 4.0-Compliant Occupational Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevention: Literature Review and Future Directions.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among prevalent occupational diseases, causing early retirement and disabilities. This paper looks into occupational-related COPD prevention and intervention in the workplace for Industry 4.0-compliant occupation health and safety management. The economic burden and other severe problems caused by COPD are introduced. Subsequently, seminal research in relevant areas is reviewed. The prospects and challenges are introduced and discussed based on critical management approaches. An initial design of an Industry 4.0-compliant occupational COPD prevention system is presented at the end.

Assessing support for substance use policies among the general public and policy influencers in two Canadian provinces

BackgroundExamining support for substance use policies, including those for harm reduction, among the general public and policy influencers is a fundamental step to map the current policy landscape and leverage policy opportunities. Yet, this is a knowledge gap in Canada. Our paper identifies the level of support for substance use policies in two provinces in Canada and describes how the level of support is associated with intrusiveness and sociodemographic variables.MethodsData came from the 2019 Chronic Disease Prevention Survey. The representative sample included members of the general public (Alberta n = 1648, Manitoba n = 1770) as well as policy influencers (Alberta n = 204, Manitoba n = 98). We measured the level of support for 22 public policies concerning substance use through a 4-point Likert-scale. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics Intervention Ladder framework was applied to assess intrusiveness. We used cumulative link models to run ordinal regressions for identification of explanatory sociodemographic variables.ResultsOverall, there was generally strong support for the policies assessed. The general public in Manitoba was significantly more supportive of policies than its Alberta counterpart. Some differences were found between provinces and samples. For certain substance use policies, there was stronger support among women than men and among those with higher education than those with less education.ConclusionsThe results highlight areas where efforts are needed to increase support from both policy influencers and general public for adoption, implementation, and scaling of substance use policies. Socio-demographic variables related to support for substance use policies may be useful in informing strategies such as knowledge mobilization to advance the policy landscape in Western Canada.

Prospective associations between an empirically derived dietary pattern and life satisfaction in Malaysian adolescents

BackgroundLittle is known on the prospective associations between an empirically derived dietary pattern (DP) and life satisfaction among adolescents. This PUTRA-Adol follow-up study aimed to assess the prospective associations between the empirically derived DP and life satisfaction during adolescence.MethodsA total of 585 and 262 adolescents participated in the baseline PUTRA-Adol study in 2016 and PUTRA-Adol follow-up study in 2019–2020, respectively. These adolescents were recruited from three southern states in peninsular Malaysia, namely Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. Dietary assessments were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) while a Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) was used to measure life satisfaction at baseline in 2016 as well as at follow-up in 2019–2020. A DP characterised by foods high in free sugar and energy dense was identified using reduced rank regression (RRR), cross-sectionally at baseline and was reported elsewhere. Similar RRR analysis was used to find a DP that best explained the variation in response variables linked to poorer life satisfaction, including dietary energy density (DED), fiber density, and percentage of energy from total fat and sugar at the PUTRA-Adol follow-up study. Prospective relationship between adherence to the identified DPs and overall life satisfaction scores as well as its domains between 2016 and 2019–2020 were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models (GEE).ResultsA DP characterized by high intakes of percentage energy from sugar, fibre and low in DED and percentage energy from total fat was identified at the 2019–2020 follow-up. The identified DP explained 11% of total variations in the response variables and was characterized by high intakes of sweets, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) and fruits. Female adolescents [67.6(8.9)] had a mean (SD) of life satisfaction that was higher than male adolescents [67.5(10.8)] p < 0.05 in 2019–2020. Prospective analysis found a significant positive association between the identified DP and school domain, in male adolescents (β = 0.117; 95% CI 0.001, 0.234) and an inverse relationship between the DP z-score and self-domain in all adolescents (β = − 0.060; 95% CI − 0.115, − 0.005) from 2016 to 2019–2020.ConclusionsAn increasing score for the predominant ‘High sugar and High fibre’ DP was prospectively associated with increasing life satisfaction score for the school domain in male adolescents and decreasing score for self-domain in both male and females during adolescence. A lifestyle intervention targeting reduced dietary intakes, particularly sugar, may improve life satisfaction in adolescents and promote healthier future without compromising dietary intakes for chronic disease prevention later in life.

Patient Perspectives on Lifestyle Medicine Virtual Group Visits

Lifestyle Medicine Virtual Group Visits (LMVGVs) have potential for providing effective lifestyle education and counseling to patients who have or are at risk for chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to assess primary care patients’ motivations for participation in and preferences for future engagement with LMVGVs. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in an academic community-based clinic. A total of 111 patients who signed up for LMVGVs between September 2020 and August 2021 completed the survey between February and April 2022. Patient demographics and LMVGV attendance data were collected from the medical record. The most common reported reasons for signing up for LMVGVs were to focus on lifestyle changes and to lower chronic disease risk. The most common reasons for attending subsequent LMVGVs were the focus on healthy lifestyle changes and the positive focus of the groups. Almost all (98%) respondents who attended ≥5 LMVGVs indicated they would recommend LMVGVs to family or friends. Most respondents preferred monthly LMVGVs, including 71% of those who attended ≥5 LMVGVs. These findings inform efforts to develop LMVGVs that are feasible and acceptable to patients, contributing to the promotion of lifestyle behaviors that aid in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease.

The critical role of cardiorespiratory fitness in disease prevention.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been increasingly recognized in recent years as an important predictor of risk for adverse outcomes in numerous chronic conditions. In fact, a growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrates that CRF is a potentially stronger predictor of mortality than established risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, adding CRF to these traditional risk factors significantly improves the reclassification of risk for adverse outcomes. The utility of CRF now extends far beyond all-cause and cardiovascular mortality to include the prevention and treatment of numerous other chronic conditions; CRF has been demonstrated to have a mitigating influence in as many as 40 such conditions. Herein we discuss the impact of CRF in the prevention of chronic disease in both adults and children. This discussion includes recent data on interactions between CRF and aging, obesity, statin use, incidence of diabetes, and the impact of CRF and physical activity patterns in adolescents including mental health, scholastic achievement, and cardiometabolic health. Finally, we discuss how CRF, as an essential vital sign, can be implemented in clinical practice.

Social prescribing in Canada: linking the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion with health care's Quintuple Aim for a collaborative approach to health.

Social prescribing offers a practical mechanism by which public health and health care systems can work together toward a future in which well-being is prioritized, health equity is addressed and people and communities thrive. The articles in this second part of the Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada special issue on social prescribing explore how social prescribing in Canada supports action on two frameworks important to public health and health care communities: the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which emphasizes building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills and reorienting health services, and the Quintuple Aim for health care improvement, which focusses on improved population health, health equity, patient experience, care team well-being and reduced costs.

Development and application of a rapid research prioritisation process for identifying health research priorities in low- and middle-income countries: the RAPID-RP stakeholder analysis

Background Health research should be locally prioritised by key stakeholders to ensure the best use of available resources, maximum likelihood of research leading to uptake into policy and practice and relevance to the needs of the potential beneficiaries. Established approaches are complex and time-consuming, therefore not feasible in settings where prioritisation is uncommon and time is limited. Objectives We developed and applied a simple, rapid research prioritisation approach to elicit the views of stakeholders. Setting and participants This was a collaboration between a multidisciplinary group of United Kingdom academics, the International Primary Care Respiratory Group and primary care respiratory researchers from four low- and middle-income countries: Brazil, China, Georgia and North Macedonia. We identified 10 topics for research prioritisation through workshops involving 26 topic, methods and local context experts, and considering the programme remit, to develop, adapt and evaluate culturally appropriate community and behavioural approaches for the prevention, early identification and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. Design and methods In each setting, local research teams convened stakeholder groups of patients, clinicians, managers/policymakers and researchers. Each group briefly discussed the 10 potential research study topics. Discussions were facilitated using short vignettes for each topic, and participants were encouraged to consider importance, feasibility and equity. Individual participants rated each study on a three-point traffic light scale, then ranked them following a facilitated discussion on what drove the ratings. The research team rated then ranked each study considering three further criteria (international novelty, potential for future funding and capacity building on a five-point scale). Within each group, ranks were summed to create a final rank order which guided our research programme and provided insight for future projects. Results In each country, four to eight members attended each stakeholder group. The engagement process was completed in less than 4 hours and feedback was very positive, especially from patients who valued the opportunity to contribute to research decision-making about their own condition. Ranking varied to some extent between groups and settings, but there was consistency around topics that were prioritised among the top five in all groups (identifying efficient chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening test strategies, evaluations of lung age to aid smoking cessation, feasibility of locally adapted pulmonary rehabilitation, clinical education for primary care staff) and study topics that consistently ranked low (use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, weight management to improve chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms and handwashing to reduce infections). Limitations Despite attempts to maximise inclusivity and diversity, stakeholders were mainly limited geographically to the centres where researchers were based, potentially limiting generalisability of views across the countries. Facilitator styles varied and may have influenced some of the discussions and potentially the ranking. Conclusions Despite some limitations, we demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the rapid research prioritisation approach stakeholder analysis for identifying locally relevant research priorities in low- and middle-income country settings. Future work Further validation is needed for aspects of the process. We have identified some useful lessons from our evaluation of the process, to facilitate future use of this approach. Funding This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Global Health Research programme as award number 16/137/95.

Bioactivity and Therapeutic Applications of Punica granatum L. Peel: Evidence and Prospects

Background: Inclination of the world towards natural and super foods has intended researchers and nutritionists to develop foods that are highly nutritious, feasible, eco-friendly along with immuno-boosting potential. Massive amounts of agro-industrial waste are generated across the world which can be turned-up into a functional ingredient by utilization and transformation of these wastes into wealth. An Indian balanced diet consists of foods from all food categories, with fruits and vegetables constituting one-fourth of the diet. Since ancient times, pomegranate (Punica granatum) and its various parts have been well-known for their therapeutic properties and delicious flavor. Worldwide approximately million tons of pomegranate peels are produced per annum which are a considerable source of vitamins, minerals, and numerous bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones) and tannins. Consequently, it has many health benefits, including antioxidative, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antimutagenic, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, nephro-protective properties as well as it is also helpful in the prevention of many other chronic diseases. Its safety and efficacy for consumption have been proved by incorporating it in food products and industrial applications. The main aim of this review is to focus on the vital bioactive compounds present in pomegranate peel and their positive health benefits on human health.

Методические аспекты использования анализа аллостатической нагрузки в оценке здоровья работающего населения в условиях воздействия производственных факторов (аналитический обзор)

Preventive medicine of pathogenetically based technologies for prenosological diagnostics of health risks at the stage of reversible physiological dysregulation is being introduced into practice as a relevant strategy for preserving population. It provides suitable conditions for timely prevention of chronic diseases and reducing risks of premature mortality among working age population. Using resources of the scientific information systems CyberLeninka, eLibrary, PubMed and Google scholar, the authors analyzed and summarized scientific literature data on methodological aspects and problems related to practical appli-cation of the concept of allostasis and allostatic load (AL) in assessing and predicting health risks for working population. The review focuses on the main causes of physiological dysregulation leading to AL formation under environmental exposures, including occupational ones; presents the most popular biomarkers of the functional state of the neuroendocrine, immune-inflammatory, cardiovascular and metabolic systems included in the sets of variables for determining the AL index. The review also provides the description of the most common algorithms for calculating the AL index used in preventive examinations of workers and highlights methodological approaches to the correction of AL values with regular intake of medicines. The sex-specific age dynamics of AL is presented; attention is drawn to the aggravating effect produced on AL by negative behavioral factors. The review shows that it is still difficult to introduce this methodology into routine practices of preventive medical examinations of working population despite the proven diagnostic and prognostic significance of the prenosological diagnosis of health disorders based on AL. This is mostly due to lack of consensus on standardized approaches to creating sets of biomarker scales and a method for calculating the AL index, as well as considering the sex factor and contribution of therapeutic effects to cumulative assessment of risks of developing physiological dysfunctions.

Methodological aspects of using allostatic load analysis in assessing health of working population exposed to adverse occupational factors (Analytical review)

Preventive medicine of pathogenetically based technologies for prenosological diagnostics of health risks at the stage of reversible physiological dysregulation is being introduced into practice as a relevant strategy for preserving population. It provides suitable conditions for timely prevention of chronic diseases and reducing risks of premature mortality among working age population. Using resources of the scientific information systems CyberLeninka, eLibrary, PubMed and Google scholar, the authors analyzed and summarized scientific literature data on methodological aspects and problems related to practical appli-cation of the concept of allostasis and allostatic load (AL) in assessing and predicting health risks for working population. The review focuses on the main causes of physiological dysregulation leading to AL formation under environmental exposures, including occupational ones; presents the most popular biomarkers of the functional state of the neuroendocrine, immune-inflammatory, cardiovascular and metabolic systems included in the sets of variables for determining the AL index. The review also provides the description of the most common algorithms for calculating the AL index used in preventive examinations of workers and highlights methodological approaches to the correction of AL values with regular intake of medicines. The sex-specific age dynamics of AL is presented; attention is drawn to the aggravating effect produced on AL by negative behavioral factors. The review shows that it is still difficult to introduce this methodology into routine practices of preventive medical examinations of working population despite the proven diagnostic and prognostic significance of the prenosological diagnosis of health disorders based on AL. This is mostly due to lack of consensus on standardized approaches to creating sets of biomarker scales and a method for calculating the AL index, as well as considering the sex factor and contribution of therapeutic effects to cumulative assessment of risks of developing physiological dysfunctions.

How does chronic disease influence subjective life expectancy among middle-aged and older adults? Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018 cross-sectional data.

Chronic diseases have become one of the most important factors threatening human health. Subjective life expectancy (SLE) describes an individual's expectation or subjective perception of lifespan. This article aims to explore the relationship between chronic diseases and SLE, as well as the differences among different age groups and different types of chronic diseases in this relationship. China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a nationwide longitudinal study that evaluates the social, economic, and health conditions of middle-aged and older adult families and individuals aged 45 and above in China. In this study, CHARLS used probability proportional to size sampling (PPS sampling) to ensure the breadth and representativeness of the sample. This study selected cross-sectional data from CHARLS 2018, removed missing values, and obtained a valid sample of 10,658 middle-aged and older individuals, of whom 8564 had chronic diseases. After controlling demographic, health behavior, socioeconomic, psychological, and social security factors, an ordered logistic regression was performed to explore the relationship between chronic disease and SLE in middle-aged and older adults. The results show that chronic diseases negatively correlate with SLE in middle-aged and older adults. Middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases are 36.2% less likely to have high life expectancy than those without chronic diseases. Many different types of chronic diseases are negatively correlated with SLE. Cancer is most negatively correlated with SLE, far exceeding other chronic diseases. Chronic disease and SLE of middle-aged and older adults have age-heterogeneous differences. For middle-aged people aged 45-59 and young older adults aged 60-79, there is a significant correlation between chronic diseases and SLE. However, there is no correlation between chronic diseases and subjective life expectancy in the older population aged 80 and above. The government and society should pay close attention to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults and adjust policies and measures according to the population's age structure. In addition, the government and society should pay attention to the spiritual needs of middle-aged and older adults. The government and society should pay more attention to cancer patients. Finally, the scientific research team should also strengthen research on chronic diseases, research and development of specific drugs and vaccines, improve the cure rate of chronic diseases, promote people's health, and make people no longer afraid of diseases.

The Burden of Chronic Diseases with the Status of Family Medical History Among Older Adults in India.

This study aims to assess and compare the prevalence of chronic diseases by the first-degree Family Medical History (FMH) and also explores the relationship between FMH and selected Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among older adults in India. The present study collated secondary data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18). The eligible respondents for the analysis of this study were aged 45years and above, where the final study sample consistedof 65,562 older adults across all Indian states and union territories. The LASI dataset collected responses onself-reported diseases: Hypertension, Stroke, Heart disease, Cancer, and Diabetes. These diseases have a high prevalence among the population and are considered in the present study. Along with disease status, respondents' first-degree relatives FMH were used to fulfil the objective. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to accomplish the objectives analysis. This approach was chosen due to the binary nature of our primary dependent variables. The study found that the prevalence of selected NCDs was considerably higher among older adults with FMH than those without FMH. It revealed that NCDs and the status of FMH of parents and siblings were significantly associated. Based on the multivariate-adjusted model, we foundsignificantly higher odds for developing the NCDs when the respondents have FMH among at least one of the first-degree relative. The likelihood among those with FMHof having hypertension (AOR: 2.058), diabetes (AOR: 2.94), heart diseases (AOR: 2.39), stroke (AOR: 1.62) and cancer (AOR: 2.32) was higher compared to no FMH of respective diseases. Similarly, significant associations were observed according to the different stratification of the number offirst-degree relatives FMH. The present study demonstrated that first-degree relatives FMH is indeed a dominant associated risk factor for chronic disease among the older adults of India. This study supports the promotion of a disease history tool for chronic disease prevention and early detection approaches as a valuable measure of NCD risk. Public health practitioners can take several steps to access FMH and incorporate FMH into public health programs for the screening of the risk population.

A Comprehensive Review of the Triangular Relationship among Diet-Gut Microbiota-Inflammation.

The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which play a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism, and immune function. Recent research has highlighted the significant impact of diet on the gut microbiota composition and functionality, and the consequential effects on host health. Concurrently, there is growing evidence linking the gut microbiota to inflammation, a key factor in many chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review explores how dietary components influence the gut microbiota composition, how these microbial changes affect inflammatory pathways, and the therapeutic implications of modulating this axis for chronic inflammatory disease prevention and management. Beneficial dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and plant-based diets, promote a diverse and balanced gut microbiota composition, supporting anti-inflammatory pathways. Conversely, the Western diet (WD), high in saturated fats and refined sugars, is associated with dysbiosis and increased inflammation. With all the links between the three variables considered, this review attempts to offer a thorough examination of the triangle formed by inflammation, the gut microbiota, and food.

Is per capita fish consumption in Latin America aligned with international recommendations for a healthy diet?

The World Health Organization (WHO) is urging Latin American countries to prioritize the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Diet is a crucial factor in determining one’s health, and healthy eating recommendations emphasize the consumption of fish at least twice a week due to its protein, vitamin, mineral, and essential fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This review was designed to compare the status of fish consumption as a source of EPA and DHA fatty acids in some Latin American countries (namely Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador), and comparisons with international recommendations within a healthy diet could contribute to the WHO’s call for a focus on preventing the aforementioned diseases in the region. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January to October 2022 using PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and government compendia. Keywords included “fish,” “consumption,” “fatty acids,” “nutrients,” and “Latin America;” and “fish,” “chronic non-communicable diseases,” “all-cause mortality,” “obesity,” “cancer,” “neurodegenerative diseases,” “metabolic diseases,” “diabetes,” “polycystic ovary syndrome,” and “metabolic syndrome.” In countries such as Chile, Brazil, and Colombia, per capita fish consumption falls below WHO’s recommended levels, and the most commonly eaten species do not contain sufficient polyunsaturated fatty acids to provide an optimal intake of EPA and DHA. It is therefore recommended that each country review its dietary guidelines and fish recommendations based on the most commonly consumed species to ensure that their populations obtain the recommended intake of EPA and DHA fatty acids and thus the benefits related to the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.

Nutritional and phytochemicals analysis of high‐altitude common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of Nepal

AbstractThe common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is an important legume grown in all parts of Nepal to supply dietary protein for humans and livestock. They are rich in a variety of bioactive compounds and thus possess health‐promoting effects in the prevention of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. The present study examined the nutritional and proximate composition and screened the bioactive compounds present in beans grown in the high‐altitude regions of Nepal. The analysis of 18 beans indicated the moisture (6.48%–8.83%), crude protein (17.39%–23.54%), carbohydrate (58.74%–66.37%), crude fat (0.78%–1.58%), crude fiber (3.36%–4.75%), total ash (3.33%–4.69%), and total energy (340.24–350.16 kcal/100 g). The results showed that the common beans were also good sources of nutritionally important minerals, including copper (2.72–8.77 mg/kg), calcium (843.86–2763.62 mg/kg), iron (38.93–73.69 mg/kg), magnesium (1540.63–2083.52 mg/kg), sodium (205.91–695.81 mg/kg), potassium (13,560.21–16,957.05 mg/kg), and zinc (19.80–31.00 mg/kg) on a dry weight basis. Quantification of bioactive compounds revealed the highest concentration of total phenolic content (TPC) in the beans from Jumla (5.96 mg GAE/g) than Dolakha and Darchula. However, the total flavonoid content was higher in Dolakha beans (3.47 mgQE/g). The EP‐15‐03FB landrace from Jumla was superior in terms of protein, phytochemical, and TPC. The results of this study will provide valuable information on the nutritional and phytochemical contents of beans and serve as a basis for further utilization of common beans.

Association of dietary behavior patterns of middle-aged and older adults with their obesity metabolic phenotype: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMiddle-aged and elderly individuals are the most susceptible groups for metabolic diseases, with their dietary behaviors being significant influencing factors. Exploring the association between overall dietary behaviors and obesity metabolic phenotypes is crucial for early prevention and control of chronic diseases, precision treatment and personalized interventions.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 15,160 middle-aged and older adults between June 2019 and August 2021 to collect information on their body mass index (BMI), biochemical indices and disease history. The population was classified into four categories by the criteria of obesity metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Scores were calculated based on compliance with healthy eating behavior patterns (appropriate or light dietary taste, moderately soft and hard food, slightly hot food temperature, medium or slow eating speed, daily intake of dietary supplements and eating with others), and the population was categorized into subgroups 0–2 (did not meet and met only 1 or 2), 3–4 (met 3 or 4), 5–6 (met 5 or 6). The relationship between dietary behavior patterns and different obesity metabolic phenotypes in middle-aged and elderly people were analyzed by multi-categorical logistic regression model.ResultsCompared with the 5–6 subgroup, the dietary behavior patterns of 0–2 and 3–4 scores were risk factors for MUNO, MHO and MUO (P < 0.05), and the lower the scores of the dietary behavior patterns, the higher the multiplicity of the occurrence of MUNO, MHO and MUO, especially for females and adults between 45–60 years old. Appropriate or light dietary taste, moderately soft and hard food, and slightly hot food temperature were protective factors for MUNO and MUO (P < 0.05); medium or slow eating speed and daily intake of dietary supplements were protective factors for MUNO, MHO and MUO (P < 0.05).ConclusionDietary behavior patterns in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different obesity metabolic phenotypes, and healthy dietary behaviors may be beneficial for the prevention and control of MUNO, MHO and MUO.