Prevention Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Research Articles

Mendelian randomization study supports positive bidirectional causal relationships between genetically predicted insomnia symptom and liability to benign prostatic hyperplasia

BackgroundSleep quality may be related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), however causal associations have not been established. This study aimed to evaluate causal relationships between six sleep traits ([i] day time napping, [ii] daytime sleepiness, [iii] insomnia, [iv] long sleep duration, [v] short sleep duration, and [vi] sleep duration per hour) and BPH through a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsGenome-wide association summary statistics of sleep traits and BPH were downloaded from public databases. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main approach for causal inference. For causal estimates identified by IVW, various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the results: (i) four additional MR methods to complement IVW; (ii) Cochran’s Q test to assess heterogeneity; (iii) MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test to assess horizontal pleiotropy; and (iv) leave-one-out method to assess stability.ResultsForward MR analyses indicated that genetically predicted insomnia symptom significantly increased BPH risk (OR = 1.267, 95% CI: 1.003–1.601, P = 0.048), while reverse MR analyses identified that genetically predicted liability to BPH significantly increased the incidence of insomnia (OR = 1.026, 95% CI: 1.000-1.052, P = 0.048). In a replicate MR analysis based on summary statistics including exclusively male participants, the finding of increased risk of BPH due to genetically predicted insomnia symptom was further validated (OR = 1.488, 95% CI: 1.096–2.022, P = 0.011). No further causal links were identified. In addition, sensitivity tests demonstrated the reliability of the MR results.ConclusionThis study identified that a higher prevalence of genetically predicted insomnia symptoms may significantly increase the risk of BPH, while genetically predicted liability to BPH may in turn increase the incidence of insomnia symptom. Therefore, improving sleep quality and reducing the risk of insomnia could be a crucial approach for the prevention of BPH.

Chickpea Sprouts as a Potential Dietary Support in Different Prostate Disorders-A Preliminary In Vitro Study.

Prostate cancer (PC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are common health problems in the aging male population. Due to the unexplored and unconfirmed impact of food containing isoflavones, like sprouts, on the development of the management of BPH and prostate cancer, we decided to extend the knowledge in this area. We have demonstrated for the first time that chickpea sprouts may play an important role in the chemoprevention of prostate disorders. However, attention should be paid to the isoflavone content in the sprouts, as in our study, chickpea sprouts with a moderate concentration of the compounds, harvested in natural light conditions (CA10L) and blue LED light (CA7B), showed the best scores in terms of their potential towards prostate disorders. Chickpea seeds were grown in LED chambers. The methanol extracts from sprouts were quantitatively defined using the HPLC system. Experiments such as the determination of PSA, 5-α-reductase, and dihydrotestosterone were performed on PNT2 and LNCaP cells. For anti-inflammatory assays (determination of NO, IL-6, and TNF-alpha release), murine RAW264.7 macrophages were used. The role of legume products as a diet element should be deeply evaluated for the development of future dietary recommendations for prostate cancer and BPH prevention.

Association Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results from the TCLSIH Cohort Study.

The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the general Chinese adult male population has risen sharply over the past few decades. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BPH. To better understand the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of BPH, we can use the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) because it is a simple and effective marker of inflammation and immunity. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between NLR levels and the prevalence of BPH in a general Chinese adult male population. This study included a total of 15,783 male participants free from BPH at baseline. NLR was measured according to the complete blood count. BPH was defined as total prostate volume (TPV) ≥30 mL, and TPV was determined by transabdominal ultrasonography. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazards ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BPH risk with NLR levels. During a median follow-up of 2.7 years, 5078 BPH cases were documented. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, education, occupation, income, physical activity, total energy intake, personal and family history of disease, and inflammation markers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of BPH were 1.00 (reference), 1.08 (95% CIs 0.99, 1.17), 1.10 (95% CIs1.02, 1.19), and 1.12 (95% CIs1.03, 1.21), respectively, for participants with NLR in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles (P for trend <0.01). Higher NLR levels were associated with a higher risk of BPH in Chinese adult male population. Our findings support the notion that NLR levels may be an important target for BPH prevention and intervention.

Association Between Mean Platelet Volume and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Population Study from the TCLSIH Cohort Study.

This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between mean platelet volume (MPV) levels and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a general Chinese adult male population, and assessed this association in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. This study included a total of 14,923 male participants free from BPH at baseline. MPV was measured by the method of laser-based flow cytometric impedance according to the complete blood sample. BPH was defined as total prostate volume (TPV) ≥ 30 mL, TPV was determined by transabdominal ultrasonography. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazards ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BPH risk with NLR levels. During a median follow-up of 2.7 years, 4848 BPH cases were documented in total male participants, and 1787 BPH cases were documented in MetS participants. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol and personal and family history of disease, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of BPH were 1.00 (reference), 1.03 (95% CIs 0.96, 1.11), 1.00 (95% CIs 0.92, 1.08) and 0.98 (95% CIs 0.90, 1.06), respectively, for participants with MPV in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles (P for trend = 0.47). In MetS patients, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of BPH were 1.00 (reference), 1.03 (95% CIs 0.90, 1.16), 0.99 (95% CIs 0.87, 1.14) and 1.01 (95% CIs 0.89, 1.15) (P for trend= 0.98), respectively. A non-significant association was observed between MPV levels and risk of BPH, and no association in this association in MetS patients. Our findings support the notion that MPV levels may not be a target for BPH prevention and intervention.

Phytosterols in hull-less pumpkin seed oil, rich in ∆7-phytosterols, ameliorate benign prostatic hyperplasia by lowing 5α-reductase and regulating balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in rats.

BackgroundPumpkin seed oil is widely used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common disease in elder men. However, its active components and mechanism have remained to be elucidated.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to investigate the active components of pumpkin seed oil and its mechanism against BPH.DesignTotal phytosterol (TPS) was isolated from hull-less pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Styriaca) seed oil and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Three phytosterols were purified by preparative HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and confirmed by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). TPS (3.3 mg/kg body weight, 1 mL/day/rat) was administered intragastrically to the testosterone propionate-induced BPH rats for 4 weeks. The structure changes of prostate tissues were assessed by hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) and steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, while that of 5α-reductase (5AR), apoptosis, or proliferation-related growth factors/proteins was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blotting.ResultsThe ∆7-phytosterols in TPS reached up to 87.64%. Among them, 24β-ethylcholesta-7,22,25-trienol, 24β-ethylcholesta-7,25(27)-dien-3-ol, and ∆7-avenasterol were confirmed by NMR. TPS treatment significantly ameliorated the pathological prostate enlargement and restored histopathological alterations of prostate in BPH rats. It effectively suppressed the expressions of 5AR, AR, and coactivator SRC-1. TPS inhibited the expression of proliferation-related growth factor epidermal growth factor, whereas it increased the expressions of apoptosis-related growth factor/gene transforming growth factor-β1. The proliferation-inhibiting effect was achieved by decreasing the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylation, while apoptosis was induced by Caspase 3 activation through JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 phosphorylation.ConclusionTPS from hull-less pumpkin seed oil, with ∆7-phytosterols as its main ingredients, is a potential nutraceutical for BPH prevention.

Simultaneous quantification of oestrogens and androgens in the serum of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia by liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry.

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men. It has been found that the occurrence of BPH was closely related to dysregulated steroid hormones. Here, a rapid, sensitive, accurate and specific method for the quantitative profiling of five androgens in man serum was developed and validated by the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this method, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), androsterone (A), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) were quantified in serum from man with and without BPH. BPH patients were characterised by the decreases in DHEA, A4 and T as well as increases in DHT, E2 and E1 in serum. Meanwhile, DHEA and DHT in serum were screened as sensitive biomarkers of BPH patients. This study will provide a new perspective of dysregulated steroid hormones for the diagnosis and prevention of BPH.

The Evaluation of Banana Flower Stamens Extract on Prevention of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Adults

The Evaluation of Banana Flower Stamens Extract on Prevention of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Adults

Nutraceutical treatment and prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

During the last years, pharmaceutical innovations in primary care are dramatically less frequent and will be even more rare in the next future. In this context, preclinical and clinical research oriented their interest toward natural compounds efficacy and safety, supporting the development of a new "nutraceutical" science. Medicinal plants, in the form of plant parts or extracts of them, are commonly used for the treatment of prostate diseases such as benign hypertrophy, prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The pharmacological properties searched for the treatment of prostatic diseases are anti-androgenic, anti-estrogenic, antiproliferative, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The most studied and used medicinal plants are Serenoa repens, Pygeum africanum and Urtica dioica. Other promising plants are Cucurbita pepo, Epilobium spp, Lycopersum esculentum, Secale cereale, Roystonea regia, Vaccinium macrocarpon. In parallel, epidemiological studies demonstrated that diet may play an important role on incidence and development of prostatic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is rich of elements with anti-oxidant properties that act as a protective factor for prostatic cancer. Similarly, low intake of animal protein, high intake of fruits and vegetable, lycopene and zinc are a protective factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Serenoa repens in the treatment of symptoms of BPH has been tested either alone or, more frequently, in combination with other medicinal plants, alpha-blockers and inhibitors of 5- alpha reductase (5-ARI). Recent meta-analyses found the effectiveness of Serenoa repens similar or inferior of that of finasteride and tamsulosin but clearly higher than that of placebo in the treatment of mild and moderate low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), nocturia and discomfort. Clinical trials showed potential synergistic effect of Serenoa repens with other medicinal plants and drugs. In addition to Serenoa repens, there are many other medicinal plants for which clinical evidence is still controversial. Urtica dioica, Pygeum africanum and Curcubita pepo can be considered as an adjunct to the common therapies and their use is supported by studies showing improvement of symptoms and flowmetric indices. Lycopene and selenium are natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. The combination of lycopene and selenium with Serenoa repens was able to reduce inflammation in histological prostate sections and to further improve symptom scores and urinary flow in patients with BPH on tamsulosin treatment. Similar effects could be obtained with the use of other carotenoids, such as astaxanthin, and/or zinc. Efficacy on symptoms of patients with BPH of some polyphenols such as quercitin, equol and curcumin have been demonstrated by clinical studies. Pollen extract is a mixture of natural components able to inhibit several cytokines and prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis resulting in a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Pollen extracts significantly improve symptoms, pain, and quality of life in patients affected by chronic pelvic pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis. Beta-sitosterol is a sterol able to improve urinary symptoms and flow measures, but not to reduce the size of the prostate gland. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide-signaling molecule with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects that can have an interesting role in the management of chronic pelvic pain syndrome and chronic urological pain. Finally, several plant-based products have been subjected to preclinical, in vitro and in vivo, investigations for their potential pharmacological activity against prostate cancer. Some epidemiological studies or clinical trials evaluated the effects of beverages, extracts or food preparations on the risk of prostate cancer. Some plant species deserved more intense investigation, such as Camelia sinensis (green or black tea), Solanum lycopersicum (common tomato), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Glycine max (common soy) and Linum usitatissimum (linen).

Nutritional and biological evaluation of Phoenix canariensis pollen grains

The nutritional value of pollens of Phoenix canariensis Chabaud, Arecaceae, was evaluated. HPLC analysis of vitamins revealed the predominant presence of vitamin C (109.13ppm), followed by vitamin A (53.71ppm) and vitamin E (40.60ppm) and the total carbohydrates (28.12%), proteins (17.10%). In addition, 16 amino acids of which nine are essential (75.07%), and seven are non-essential (24.93%) were determined. On the other hand, two steroidal saponins (dioscin and methyl protodioscin) were isolated from the pollens, their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Their content in the 70% ethanolic extract was quantified using reversed phase HPLC and found to be 0.013% and 19.35%, respectively. The modulatory effect of the isolated compounds on the prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in rats and their moderate curative effect on stressed testicular tissue were studied. Being a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and amino acids pollens of P. canariensis can be used as a promising source of dietary supplement. Meanwhile pollens can act as prophylactic agent against benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The Prevalence of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Korea: Using National Health Insurance Service Data

Objectives To provide evidences for effective management and prevention of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) by analyzing the status of the prevalence of BPH in Korea. Methods This study was conducted on patients diagnosed with BPH from the claim data of the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2012 and 2016. We calculated the age-standardization prevalence of patients with BPH and conducted comparative analysis by region and year. Results The prevalence of age-standardization was 10,847.09 per 100,000 population in 2012 (95% CI, 10,828.72–10,865.47) and 23,552.31 in 2016 (95% CI, 23,526.70–23,577.92). According to comparative analysis by administrative districts, the cumulative prevalence was the highest at in Daejeon (26,076.23, 95% CI, 25,912.82–26,239.64) and the lowest in Ulsan (20,966.97, 95% CI, 20,795.85–21,138.08) in 2016. Also, the proportion of patients who did not visit continuously was 23.5% in 2013 and 37.1% in 2016. Conclusions The prevalence of BPH increased by 46% in 2016 compared to 2012, and the prevalence increased with age. Therefore, in order to prevent BPH related health problem, it is necessary to develop a systematic management and preventive policy for a super-aged society. Key words: Age-standardization, Prevalence, Prostatic hyperplasia

A synergistic nanoformulation of babassu and copaiba oils as natural alternative for prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common progressive condition that affects the quality of life of older men. Since current pharmacological interventions can cause severe side effects, this study aimed to develop, characterize and evaluate a natural alternative based on the use of babassu oil (BBS) and copaiba oil-resin (COP) incorporated into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Initially, the major components of each of the natural oils were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to provide a means to track their incorporation into nanoformulations. An effective analytical methodology was developed to detect lauric acid and β-caryophyllene as chemical tracers for BBS and COP, respectively. The physical characteristics of the resulting nanoemulsions were next analyzed to identify preparations suitable for in vitro toxicity and in vivo tests. The two most promising SEDDS formulations, containing BBS with and without COP, were thermodynamically stable with a zeta potential less than −20 mv and droplet size around 30 nm. In addition, both were non-cytotoxic and genotoxic. These formulations, in rat model of BPH, showed promising potential to reduce the onset of this pathological process. In conclusion, SEDDS containing BBS and COP were successfully developed that could serve as natural alternatives for the prevention of BPH.

Wpływ nawyków żywieniowych na stężenie wybranych hormonów, parametrów biochemicznych i antropometrycznych u pacjentów z łagodnym rozrostem prostaty – badania wstępne

Wstęp: Istnieje wiele przyczyn łagodnego rozrostu gruczołu krokowego (BPH), wśród których ważną rolę odgrywają nawyki żywieniowe i związana z tym otyłość, w szczególności wisceralna. Analiza nawyków żywieniowych mężczyzn jest ważnym aspektem w profilaktyce BPH.Celem pracy było porównanie nawyków żywieniowych pacjentów z BPH do nawyków żywieniowych pacjentów bez BPH oraz oznaczenie czynników antropometrycznych, biochemicznych i stężeń wybranych hormonów u pacjentów z BPH.Materiały i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 93 mężczyzn, których podzielono na 2 grupy. Grupę badaną stanowiło 44 pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Klinice Urologii i Onkologii Urologicznej Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 2 Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie oraz grupę kontrolną, do której zakwalifikowano 49 mężczyzn kierowanych z podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej. Ankieta dotyczyła nawyków żywieniowych pacjentów. W badaniu za pomocą metody spektrofotometrycznej oznaczono stężenia parametrów biochemicznych, a za pomocą metody ELISA oznaczono stężenie hormonów w surowicy oraz wykonano pomiary antropometryczne.Wyniki: Jak wynika z wyników badań pacjenci z rozpoznanym BPH charakteryzowali się lepszymi nawykami żywieniowymi oraz większą aktywnością fizyczną w porównaniu z pacjentami bez objawów BPH. Mężczyźni uprawiający aktywność fizyczną więcej niż 3 razy w tygodniu mieli niższe stężenie lipoproteiny o niskiej gęstości (LDL) i cholesterolu całkowitego (TCh). Pacjenci, którzy deklarowali konsumpcję alkoholu częściej niż 3 razy w tygodniu, mieli większy obwód w pasie. Mężczyźni deklarowali także spożywanie słodyczy, picie napojów słodzonych oraz spożywanie słonych przekąsek, jednak nie miało to istotnie statystycznego wpływu na wyniki parametrów biochemicznych i hormonalnych. Osoby, które deklarowały codzienne spożywanie warzyw, wykazały się istotnie niższym stężeniem hormonu luteinizującego, natomiast pacjenci spożywający produkty mleczne naturalne wyższym stężeniem siarczanu dihydrotestosteronu.Wnioski: Zdrowe nawyki żywieniowe mogą mieć wpływ na stężenia TCh, jego frakcji LDL, DHEAS i białka wiążącego hormony płciowe w surowicy, natomiast nie wykazują wpływu na stężenie testosteronu całkowitego u pacjentów z BPH. Częste picie alkoholu może sprzyjać otyłości wisceralnej. Świadomość choroby może mieć wpływ na dbanie o zdrową dietę oraz uprawianie aktywności fizycznej.

The treatment effects of flaxseed-derived secoisolariciresinol diglycoside and its metabolite enterolactone on benign prostatic hyperplasia involve the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1.

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a lignan extracted from flaxseed, has been shown to suppress benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, little is known about the mechanistic basis for its anti-BPH activity. The present study showed that enterolactone (ENL), the mammalian metabolite of SDG, shared the similar binding site of G1 on a new type of membranous estrogen receptor, G-protein-coupled estrogen eceptor 1 (GPER), by docking simulations method. ENL and G1 (the specific agonist of GPER) inhibited the proliferation of human prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1 as shown by MTT assay and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, which was displayed by propidium iodide staining following flow cytometer examination. Silencing GPER by short interfering RNA attenuated the inhibitory effect of ENL on WPMY-1 cells. The therapeutic potential of SDG in the treatment of BPH was confirmed in a testosterone propionate-induced BPH rat model. SDG significantly reduced the enlargement of the rat prostate and the number of papillary projections of prostatic alveolus and thickness of the pseudostratified epithelial and stromal cells when comparing with the model group. Mechanistic studies showed that SDG and ENL increased the expression of GPER both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ENL-induced cell cycle arrest may be mediated by the activation of GPER/ERK pathway and subsequent upregulation of p53 and p21 and downregulation of cyclin D1. This work, in tandem with previous studies, will enhance our knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) of dietary phytochemicals on BPH prevention and ultimately expand the scope of adopting alternative approaches in BPH treatment.

Associations between metabolic syndrome and clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a northern urban Han Chinese population: A prospective cohort study.

Biologic rationales exist for the associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, epidemiologic studies have yield inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the associations of MetS with the risk of BPH. The presence of MetS, the number of MetS components, and the individual MetS components were evaluated. After adjusting for potential confounders, MetS was associated with increased risk of BPH (HR: 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08–1.50; p < 0.001). Compared with subjects without any MetS components, the HRs were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.67–1.09; p = 0.86), 1.18 (95% CI, 0.89–1.47; p = 0.29) and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.08–1.66; p = 0.014) for subjects with 1, 2, or ≥3 MetS components, and there was a biologic gradient between the number of MetS components and the risk of BPH (p-trend < 0.001). Central obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were the two main divers of the associations between these two conditions, with HRs of 1.93 (95% CI, 1.14–2.72; p = 0.001) for central obesity, and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.08–2.04; p = 0.012) for low HDL-C. Our findings support the notion that MetS may be an important target for BPH prevention and intervention.

Micropropagation of willow herb for the production of a dietary supplement used in the prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Micropropagation of willow herb for the production of a dietary supplement used in the prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Statin Medications and Development and Progression of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common among aging men and impact quality of life. Recently, there has been an interest in alternative mechanisms of BPH and LUTS, specifically the role of chronic prostatic inflammation. Statin medications, known for their cholesterol-lowering properties, also possess certain anti-inflammatory effects, which may be of interest in the treatment and/or prevention of BPH and LUTS. Prior studies of statins have yielded conflicting results. These were limited by cross-sectional designs or limited follow-up, small sample sizes, and inability to control for confounding. One prior randomized control trial found no difference between atorvastatin vs. placebo in the treatment of BPH and LUTS after 6 months. Additional randomized trials with longer follow-up time evaluating the impact of statins on incident BPH and LUTS are required to assess the therapeutic potential of statins and develop a better understanding of alternative mechanisms for BPH and LUTS.

Development of New Babassu Oil Lipidic Nanostructured Systems; Potential Alternative for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Therapy

This study investigates new lipidic nanocarrier preparations for production of babassu oil formulations, which are indicated as less radical herbal therapeutic alternatives for the prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The babassu oil was obtained in high yield using the previously studied, reproducible soxlhet extraction process. We investigated the preparation of nanostructured babassu oil lipid carriers and babassu oil nanoemulsions, to determine conditions that yield a high percentage of babassu oil encapsulation, have appropriate size distribution and zeta potential for vectorization of babassu oil to the prostate. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and J-774 macrophages, which indicated that nanostructured lipid carriers for babassu oil are not toxic to front Caco-2 cells and are able to reduce J774 cell viability. This indicates their potential use for treatment against inflammatory processes such as prostatitis and for administration through the oral route. Whereas, in previous studies conducted by our research group, other babassu oil nanosystems showed activity when tested in cell strains of human benign prostatic hyperplasia lineage. The new babassu oil nanostructured lipid carriers prepared in this study can be used as a new prototype for phytotherapic nanoformulations for the prophylaxis of prostate pathologies, since they are highly lipophilic, have narrow size distribution and have low toxicity. Keywords: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, lipid nanostructures system, nanoemulsion, nanostructured lipid carriers, Orbignya speciosa oil, phytotherapy, prostatitis. 1.

Preventive Effects of Lignan Extract from Flax Hulls on Experimentally Induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Consumption of diet rich in lignans may decrease the risk of some chronic hormonal conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study investigated whether a lignan-rich extract from flaxseed hulls, LinumLife EXTRA (LLE), could prevent BPH using the testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model. Male Wistar-Unilever rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 rats each: a negative control group fed with control diet and receiving daily subcutaneous injections of corn oil without TP, and three groups fed with control diet (positive control), diet containing 0.5% LLE (LLE 0.5) or 1.0% LLE (LLE 1.0) and receiving daily subcutaneous injections of TP in corn oil. Treatments with diets started 2 weeks before the induction of BPH and were carried out for 5 consecutive weeks. The influence of TP and LLE on body weight (BW), food and water consumptions, and enterolactone (ENL) levels in serum and urine of rats was examined at the end of the 5-week treatment period. TP significantly diminished the mean body weight gain (MBWG) of positive control rats and their food and water consumptions while LLE reduced significantly this MBWG reduction in a dose-dependent manner. The lignan-rich extract significantly inhibited TP-induced prostate size ratio (prostate weight/rat BW) increase in comparison with positive controls (P<.001). This effect was dose dependent. Higher serum and urine levels of ENL correlated well with the dose of extract provided to rats. It was concluded that the lignan-rich flaxseed hull extract prevented the TP-induced BPH indicating it might be beneficial in the prevention of BPH.

The study about physical activity for subjects with prevention of benign prostate hyperplasia.

PurposeThe number of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) subjects has been increasing worldwide, and many studies have been conducted to determine the treatment that can delay drug therapy or surgery. Subsequently, most of these studies involved physical activity (PA) and associated factors. Therefore, we aimed to determine factors associated with BPH prevalence based on a review of past and present studies and to investigate the effect of a healthy lifestyle as a protective factor of BPH occurrence.MethodsWe selected 582 subjects aged ≥40 years from an initial 779 subjects recruited from Gyeonggi, Yangpyeong, South Korea, during August 2009 to August 2011. Trained investigators surveyed International Prostate Symptom Score and demographic information, including PA and lifestyle questionnaire during face-to-face interviews; further, they performed digital rectal examination, rectal ultrasonography, and measured prostate-specific antigen levels. The statistical association between PA and BPH was analyzed by logistic regression analysis using multivariable regression models which use categorical variables by the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and continuous variables by the general linear model.ResultsSeven statistically significant variables for PA were selected. Regular exercise, frequency of exercise, sedentary time, nonsedentary time, leisure time PA (metabolic equivalent, hr/wk) were not statistically associated with prostate volume but sedentary time (hr/day) was the only factor that showed a significant association in the multivariable model, including a linear effect relationship. Subjects with lower levels of sedentary time (4.5-7.0 hr/day) had a significantly lower risk of BPH (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-1.67) than those with a higher sedentary time (>7 hr/day) (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.96-3.09) (P for trend=0.05).ConclusionsOur study showed that reducing sedentary time could have a protective effect and reduce the prevalence of BPH. Further prospective studies with a larger sample size are needed to assess the impact of reducing sedentary time on BPH risk.

Diet/Lifestyle Strategies for Preventing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Although benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is often viewed as an inevitable concomitant of the aging process, recent research establishes that this syndrome is significantly more common in men with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, twentieth century epidemiology focusing on quasi-vegan rural China reveals that this syndrome may in fact be substantially preventable. The decline in cellular apoptosis which appears to be a key driver of BPH should be counteracted in part by diet/lifestyle measures which minimize systemic IGF-I activity. Diets moderate in protein and very low in animal products are associated with low plasma IGF-I levels, reflecting decreased hepatic production of this hormone. Leanness, exercise training, and other lifestyle measures which minimize diurnal insulin secretion, have been found to correlate with reduced BPH risk, and can be expected to reduce systemic and prostatic IGF-I/ IGF-II bioactivity by increasing hepatic secretion of IGFBP-1. Apoptosis of prostate cells can also be promoted by selective agonists for estrogen receptor-β; high dietary intakes of soy isoflavones can function as such agonists. Conversion of prostate epithelial and stromal cells to a myofibroblast phenotype by transforming growth factor-β contributes importantly to the expansion of the stromal compartment in BPH; there is reason to suspect that this transition could be opposed by the antioxidant activity of spirulina, AMPK-activating drugs or nutraceuticals, and possibly adiponectin (suggesting a further benefit of leanness). Although calcitriol analogs appear to have potential for preventing and treating BPH, there is no current evidence that dietary modulation of vitamin D status can be beneficial in this regard. Prospects for prevention of BPH may be good in individuals who adopt optimally healthprotective diet, lifestyle, and nutraceutical strategies.