Preventive Measures Research Articles

Voluntary private health insurance and cancer screening utilisation in Europe.

Cancer is a leading cause of death in Europe and prevention measures, like screening, are therefore becoming increasingly important. Although European countries provide universal health coverage, including cancer screenings, many people also have private health insurance. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between Voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) and cancer screening, specifically breast and colorectal cancer screening. Using data from SHARE, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, different logistic and multilevel regressions were estimated. The major finding shows a positive correlation between people being screened for cancer and having VPHI. Three conclusions can be drawn: advantageous selection may exist in private health insurance; spillover effects may exist from the public sector into the private sector, which in turn may result in a lower insurance premium; and there may be a perpetuation of inequalities in health service utilisation. Several policy implications can be drawn from this result, but the most relevant concerns narrowing the inequities that could potentially arise between those who have private health insurance and those who do not.

Children and the Risk Society in Algeria: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Model

This study aims to describe and analyze the trajectory of children in a society exposed to risks, using the COVID-19 pandemic as an example. Due to concerns over virus transmission, the Algerian government, like many others worldwide, has enforced quarantine and home confinement policies. The aim was to prevent the spread of the virus and reduce the number of victims. As a preventive measure, schools were closed from March 12, 2020. The government also imposed partial or total containment measures depending on the severity of the situation in each region. This situation forced people, including children, to stay at home, even though it was not always safe for them. The lockdown has caused significant changes to children's daily routines. Their education, activities, free time and social relationships have been profoundly affected. These upheavals have had repercussions on their psychological, mental and social well-being.

Motivation from Joseph Ratzinger’s Eschatological Realism for Protecting Humanity’s Future

Abstract This article outlines one way in which Joseph Ratzinger’s eschatology could contribute to reducing the risk humanity now creates to its own survival. Studies of ‘Existential Risk’ warn that hazards arising from Artificial Intelligence, Nuclear Weapons, Climate Change, and Engineered Pathogens require mitigation to safeguard the future of the human race from a calamitous end. Preventative measures, however, entail sacrifice, and there is no shortage of resistance to regulation of behaviours and technological development. Ethics of empathy, utility, and duties reach breaking point when stretched to overcome the temporal and moral gap between present agency and future well-being. This article proposes that Ratzinger’s theology of history and commitment to eschatological realism offers an intertwined double benefit: his warning about the danger of conflating hope in God’s Kingdom with hope in a future world humanity could perfect for itself opens up the uniquely rich ground of a trans-historical hope in Jesus Christ, in which an impactful relationship of love for humanity’s future can put down roots today.

Efficacy of novel endoscopic hemostatic agent for bleeding control and prevention: Results from a prospective, multicentric national registry

Background: Topical hemostatic agents emerged as a new treatment modality for gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of the study is to assess the safety and efficacy of PuraStat for control of active bleeding and for prevention of bleeding after different operative endoscopy procedures. Methods: A national, multicenter, observational registry was established to collect data from ten Italian centers from June 2021 to February 2023. Demographics, type of application (active gastrointestinal bleeding or prevention after endoscopic procedures, site, amount of gel used, completeness of coverage of the treated area), outcomes (rates of intraprocedural hemostasis and bleeding events during a 30-day follow-up) and adverse events were prospectively analyzed. Results: 401 patients were treated for an active gastrointestinal bleeding or as a preventive measure after different types of operative endoscopy procedures. 91 treatments for active bleeding and 310 preventive applications were included. In 174/401 (43.4%) PuraStat was the primary treatment modality. A complete coverage was possible in 330/401 (82.3%) with difficulty in the application in 7/401 (1.7%) of cases. Hemostasis of active bleedings was achieved in 90/91 patients (98.9%). In the 30-day follow-up 3.9% patients in whom PuraStat was used for prophylaxis had a bleeding event as compared with 7.7% after hemostasis. No adverse events related to the use of PuraStat were reported. Conclusions: PuraStat is a safe and effective hemostat both for bleeding control and for bleeding prevention after different operative endoscopy procedures. Our results suggest that the possible applications for the use of PuraStat may be wider compared to current indications.

Occupational Health Management in Federal Institutions: an Analysis of SIASS at UTFPR in 2023

Objective: The present study aims to map the performance of the Integrated Subsystem of Health Care for Federal Public Servants (SIASS) in a large Federal Higher Education Institution, identifying the occupational health practices implemented in 2023 and the main challenges faced in managing these policies. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework adopted is historical, addressing the evolution of SIASS since its creation in 2009. SIASS was established to integrate occupational health actions in the federal public service, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, and comprehensive assistance to employees. It highlighted its role in health management within federal institutions. Method: A documentary and quantitative approach was used, analyzing data extracted from the 2023 UTFPR Management Report. The analysis focused on the frequencies of benefit approvals and denials, allowing the identification of patterns and challenges in occupational health management. Results and Discussion: In 2023, SIASS at UTFPR conducted 1,539 medical evaluations, covering 42.45% of employees, with an approval rate of 91.62%. Most evaluations (57.96%) were related to health treatment leaves, followed by leaves for family health reasons (11.76%) and health treatment leaves by an official board (11.70%). The predominance of a reactive approach rather than preventive measures was identified as a critical factor. Research Implications: The research suggests strengthening prevention strategies and adjusting policies to ensure effective employee health management and aligning resources and expectations. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a detailed analysis of SIASS’s performance in a large federal institution, highlighting challenges, and proposing recommendations to improve occupational health management in similar contexts.

Advancing a healthy housing policy agenda: how do policy makers problematise housing-related health issues?

Abstract A substantial international body of evidence links housing to health outcomes. In 2021, the World Health Organisation (WHO) evaluated a small selection of policies from its six geographic regions and found that, in Australia as in the rest of the world, existing healthy housing measures fall short of the systemic response required to address health impacts and inequities. This paper takes the novel step of applying Bacchi’s (2009) ‘What is the Problem Represented to Be?’ approach to a wide-ranging thematic analysis of over 300 Australian policies across the domains of health and housing and related policy areas. In so doing, it offers an overview of existing healthy housing policy as well as illuminating the conceptual understandings and priorities of policy makers, shedding light on the policy paradigms that see housing under-utilised as a preventive health and health equity measure.

Recent Advances of Nipah Virus Disease: Pathobiology to Treatment and Vaccine Advancement.

The zoonotic infection of the Nipah virus (NiV) has yet again appeared in 2023 in Kerala state, India. The virus, which has a mortality rate ranging from about 40 to 70%, has already infected India five times, the first being in 2001. The current infection is the sixth virus outbreak in the Indian population. In 1998, the first NiV infection was noted in one village in Malaysia. After that, outbreaks from other South and Southeast Asian countries have been reported periodically. It can spread between humans through contact with body fluids. Therefore, it is unlikely to generate a new pandemic. However, there is a considerable knowledge gap in the different areas of NiV. To date, no approved vaccines or treatments have been available.Tofulfilthe knowledge gap, the review article provided a detailed overview of the genome and genome-encoded proteins, epidemiology, transmission, pathobiology, immunobiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures, therapeutics (monoclonal antibodies and drug molecules), and vaccine advancement of the emerging and deadly pathogen. The advanced information will help researchers todevelop safe and effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens worldwide.

Global burden of chronic kidney disease in adolescents and young adults, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BackgroundThe global status of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is underestimated, particularly the burden on adolescents and young adults (early-onset, aged 15–39).ObjectiveWe aim to investigate the pattern and trend of early-onset CKD from 1990 to 2019.MethodsWe analyzed age-specific rates of early-onset CKD incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) using Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data. We examined the global, regional, national, gender-based, age group-based, and temporal changes of early-onset CKD burden from 1990 to 2019, as well as proportional DALY attributions of various risk factors.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the global age-specific incidence rate (per 100,000 population) significantly increased from 25.04 (95% confidence interval 18.51, 31.65) to 32.21 (23.73, 40.81) for early-onset CKD. However, the global age-specific death rate significantly decreased from 2.96 (2.76, 3.15) to 2.86 (2.61, 3.11), and the age-specific DALY rate remained stable. Regarding sociodemographic indexes (SDI), countries with middle SDI had the highest incidence rates and the fastest increasing trends, while those with low and low-middle SDI experienced the highest death and DALY rates. Women had a generally higher age-specific incidence rate than men, whereas men showed higher age-specific death and DALY rates. In addition, the burdens of CKD increased with age among adolescents and young adults. Moreover, the main attributable risk factors for DALY of early-onset CKD were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body mass index (BMI).ConclusionThe age-specific incidence rate of early-onset CKD increased significantly from 1990 to 2019, and the age-specific DALY rate remained stable. High SBP, high FPG, and high BMI were the primary risk factors. Targeted prevention and healthcare measures should be developed considering age, gender, and region.

Estimation of outpatient SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and recurrence rates and associated factors among COVID-19 hospitalized patients over one-year old: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

IntroductionReinfection with SARS-Cov-2 after recovery can occur that most of them don’t require hospitalization. The aim of this study is estimation of out-patient COVID-19 reinfection and recurrence rates and its associated factors among Iranian patients with history of confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection and hospitalization.MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort conducted from May 2021 to May 2022 in Iran. The national Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) database, obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, includes all information about confirmed COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized and diagnosed during the pandemic. Using probability proportional to size sampling from 31 provinces, 1,532 patients over one years of age with a history of hospitalization in the MCMC data are randomly selected. After that, interviews by phone are performed with all of the selected patients using a researcher-made questionnaire about the occurrence of overall reinfection without considering the time of infection occurrence, reinfection occurring at least 90 days after the discharge and recurrence (occurring within 90 days after discharge). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses are performed to assess the factors associated with each index. All of the analyses are performed using Stata software version 16.ResultsIn general, 1,532 phone calls are made, out of which 1,095 individuals are willing to participate in the study (response rate ≃ 71%). After assessing the 1,095 patients with a positive history of COVID-19, the rates of non-hospitalized overall SARS-Cov-2 reinfection, reinfection and recurrence are 122.64, 114.09, and 8.55 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. The age range of 19–64 years (aHR:3.93, 95%CI : 1.24–12.41) and COVID-19-related healthcare worker (aHR: 3.67, 95%CI: 1.77–7.61) are identified as risk factors for reinfection, while having comorbidity, being fully vaccinated, and having a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) ≥ 93 mmHg during the initial infection are identified as factors that reduce the risk of non-hospitalized reinfection.ConclusionReinfection due to COVID-19 is possible because of the weakened immune system for various reasons and the mutation of the virus. Vaccination, timely boosters, and adherence to preventive measures can help mitigate this risk.

Different etiological entities of liver cancer across populations: Implications from age-period-cohort analysis on incidence trends.

The incidence of liver cancer has shown different temporal trends across populations, while the underlying reasons remain unclear. We examined temporal trends in the incidence of liver cancer in Hong Kong, Sweden, and the United States since the 1970s through 2021 using joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis. The age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Hong Kong steadily decreased (average annual percentage change [AAPC] -2.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.8% to -1.7% in men; AAPC -2.1%, 95%CI -3.1% to -1.1% in women) in 1983-2020. The rate in Sweden increased on average by 0.8% (95%CI 0.2% to 1.4%) per year in men and was stable in women (AAPC 0.2%, 95%CI -0.9% to 1.4%) in 1970-2021. The rate in the United States increased by 2.1% (95%CI 1.5% to 2.8%) per year in men and by 2.1% (95%CI 1.6% to 2.5%) in women in 1975-2020, but decreasing trends were noted in 2015-2020 (AAPC -6.6%, 95%CI -8.3% to -4.9% in men; AAPC -4.2%, 95%CI -7.5% to -0.5% in women). Stratified analysis by histological type showed such decrease in recent years was limited to hepatocellular carcinoma, rather than intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We observed distinct changes in trends across age groups and different trends across birth cohorts. The incidence of liver cancer has decreased in Hong Kong but increased in Sweden and the United States since the 1980s, despite decreasing incidence in the United States since 2015. Such disparities may be explained by different etiology and implementation of preventive measures across populations.

Bifurcation Analysis and Optimal Control of an SEIR Model with Limited Medical Resources and Media Impact on Heterogeneous Networks

The spread of epidemic diseases is often considered to be bound up with human behavior. Both treatment and awareness-raising are seen as important preventive measures during an outbreak. In this paper, an SEIR model on heterogeneous network containing saturated treatment function with media information variable is constructed. Through mathematical analysis, the basic reproduction number and equilibriums of the system are derived. The global stability of disease-free equilibrium is further proved based on LaSalle’s invariant principle. It is also found that with a gradual increase of the delayed treatment parameter, the system exhibits a transition from forward bifurcation to backward bifurcation with the variation of the basic reproduction number. Finally, an optimal control problem is formulated with both treatment rate and media information dissemination rate as control variables and solved using the Pontryagin’s maximum principle. All the above results are verified by numerical experiments.

Effect of pH and hydroxyapatite-like layer formation on the antibacterial properties of borophosphate bioactive glass incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement

Infection is a leading cause of total joint arthroplasty failure. Current preventative measures incorporate antibiotics into the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement that anchors the implant into the natural bone. With bacterial resistance to antibiotics on the rise, the development of alternative antibacterial materials is crucial to mitigate infection. Borate bioactive glass, 13–93-B3, has been studied previously for use in orthopedic applications due to its ability to be incorporated into bone cements and other scaffolds, convert into hydroxyapatite (HA)-like layer, and enhance the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of the material. The purpose of this study is to better understand how glass composition and change in surrounding pH effects the composite’s antibacterial characteristics by comparing the incorporation of 30% wt/wt 13–93-B3 glass and pH neutral borophosphate bioactive glass into PMMA bone cement. We also aim to elucidate how HA-like layer formation on the cement’s surface may affect bacterial adhesion. These studies showed that 13–93-B3 incorporated cements had significant reduction of bacterial growth surrounding the composite beyond 24 h of exposure when compared to a neutral borate bioactive glass incorporated cement (p < 0.01) and cement only (p < 0.0001). Additionally, through soaking cement composites in simulated body fluid and then exposing them to a bioluminescent strand of staphylococcus aureus, we found that the presence of a HA-like layer on the 13–93-B3 or pH neutral glass incorporated cement disks resulted in an increase in bacterial attachment on the composite cement’s surface, where p < 0.001, and p < 0.05 respectively. Overall, our studies demonstrated that borate bioactive glass incorporated PMMA bone cement has innate antimicrobial properties that make it a promising material to prevent infection in total joint arthroplasties.

История эпидемий в России: от чумы до Covid-19

The article provides a historical review of the epidemics that swept Russia from the Middle Ages to the present day, spanning from the plague to the coronavirus. It presents detailed information on the primary measures taken by government officials, medical personnel, and public organizations to counteract the spread of infec-tious diseases. The article examines the causes, prevention strategies, and consequences of these epidemics, analyzing the factors that influenced the scale and spread of diseases. The analysis of scientific literature and historical documents reveals how societal development was impacted by the spread of infections and the high mortality rates, as well as how medical practices and treatment methods for various diseases have evolved over time. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the experience of past epidemics has played a crucial role in humanity's ongoing battle against many illnesses and has significantly altered perceptions regarding the im-portance of preventive measures during epidemics.

Detention of Persons Engaged in Entrepreneurial and other Economic Activities: Updated Legislation and Current Narratives of Judicial Practice

For the first time, provisions on special rules for the election of a preventive measure in the form of detention of persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity appeared in domestic legislation in 2010. Since that time, the relevant regulatory provisions have repeatedly undergone minor changes, having significantly changed in 2019, when the legislative indication for the commission of a crime in the «sphere of entrepreneurial activity» was replaced by an indication of the status of a person suspected or accused of committing a crime related to his entrepreneurial or other economic activity. In pursuit of the goals of greater liberalization of criminal proceedings and protecting entrepreneurs from the unjustified use of procedural coercion measures in accordance of the public danger of crimes committed by them, in 2023 the law-maker again updated the provisions on detention, providing for regulation that at first glance could ensure their achievement. At the same time, as the analysis of judicial practice shows, the ongoing legislative changes have not solved the main problems of applying the appropriate preventive measure, since they have not clarified the content of the concept of entrepreneurial activity for the purposes of Article 108 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and have not determined the mechanism for establishing a link between this activity and the crime committed by the entrepreneur. The paper analyzes the approaches existing in the doctrine and law enforcement to solving these problems, suggests ways to resolve them that can ensure the achievement of the goals of humanization of criminal prosecution brought against entrepreneurs.

Effect of Purified Resveratrol Butyrate Ester Monomers against Hypertension after Maternal High-Fructose Intake in Adult Offspring

Background: Offspring hypertension arising from adverse maternal conditions can be mitigated through dietary nutritional supplementation, including resveratrol. Previously, we identified derivatives of resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE), specifically 3,4′-di-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED2) and 3-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED4), demonstrating their superior antioxidant capabilities compared to RBE itself. This study sought to assess the protective impact of maternal supplementation with ED2 or ED4 on offspring hypertension in a rat model subjected to a high-fructose (HF) diet during pregnancy and lactation. Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were distributed into distinct dietary groups throughout pregnancy and lactation: (1) standard chow; (2) HF diet (60%); (3) HF diet supplemented with ED2 (25 mg/L); and (4) HF diet supplemented with ED4 (25 mg/L). Male offspring were euthanized at the age of 12 weeks. Results: The maternal HF diet induced hypertension in the offspring, which was mitigated by perinatal supplementation with either ED2 or ED4. These protective effects were attributed to the antioxidant properties of ED2 and ED4, resulting in an increased availability of nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, supplementation with ED2 was connected to an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium genera, which was accompanied by a decrease in Angelakisella and Christensenella. On the other hand, ED4 supplementation shielded rat offspring from hypertension by elevating concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors while reducing trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of purified RBE monomers, ED2 and ED4, as preventive measures against hypertension resulting from a maternal high-fructose diet. Further research is warranted to explore their clinical applications based on these promising results.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Covid-19 Prevention of Vietnamese Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant global impact, and although it has been controlled at the moment, the possibility of a resurgence is remains high if appropriate preventive measures are taken. Da Nang was one of the largest cities where the epidemic broke out and spread intensively in Vietnam. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 play an important role in controlling and preventing the disease. Objectives: To evaluate the KAP toward COVID-19 prevention among patients who visit to Da Nang Hospital for examinations and identify some related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 patients who visited the Department of Medical Examination of DaNang Hospital from November 2022 to April 2023. The questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 prevention of patients with 30 items was used and revised with the permission of the original author. Chi-square tests and odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify factors related to patient characteristics and knowledge, attitude, and practices of COVID-19 prevention. The results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: The percentage of participants with good knowledge, positive attitude, and successful practice on COVID-19 prevention accounted for 86.6%, 89.1%, and 56.3% respectively. Factors related to knowledge include sex (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 0.99-3.52, p-value < 0.05), age, education level, and family economy; attitudes include education level, place of residence (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.84, p-value < 0.05), occupation; and COVID-19 infection status (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.95, p <0.05); and practices include sex (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.88, p-value <0.05), age, education level , place of residence (OR= 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-0.95, p-value <0.05) and occupation . Conclusion: Research results showed that patients who visit to Da Nang Hospital for examinations have a high level of good knowledge and a positive attitude, while successful practices in COVID-19 prevention were not high. Thus, it is still necessary to promote and improve patients' knowledge about disease prevention vaccines, as well as enhance the practice of washing hands and covering mouths when coughing and sneezing for better disease prevention.

Challenges in rescuing snakes to protect human lives and promote snake conservation in Tamil Nadu, India.

Human-snake conflicts are common worldwide, often resulting in snakebites. Snakebite envenoming causes over 125,000 deaths and 400,000 permanent disabilities worldwide every year. India alone accounts for an average of ~58,000 annual snakebite-induced deaths. As human developments rapidly expand into suburban and rural areas, snakes are being displaced and incidences of residents finding snakes within their dwellings are increasing. Most people have an innate fear of snakes, compounded by centuries of negative influence from culture and mythology manifesting in people often attempting to kill snakes. Snake rescuers are volunteers who remove and relocate snakes to safe areas. This is a risky job that poses potentially fatal implications if bitten. These volunteers mostly receive no financial compensation for their time or transportation costs, but they choose to do it for their love of snakes, conservation, and for the altruistic nature of helping others. Snake rescuers often receive no formal training and are unfunded resulting in removing snakes improperly without adequate safety equipment or the required skill set to safely complete the task. Therefore, it is critical to determine their challenges and requirements to promote the safe rescue of snakes while protecting human lives. In this study, we developed an online questionnaire and interviewed 152 snake rescuers in Tamil Nadu, India following written informed consent to determine their challenges and needs for rescuing snakes safely. The results demonstrate that most rescuers are males, and they conduct snake rescues for varying lengths of time. They mostly receive no formal training and are bitten by snakes. They spend their own money on the purchase of snake-handling equipment and on treatments if bitten or injured during a rescue. The rescuers highlighted the urgent need for formal training, safety equipment and standard protocols for rescuing snakes in Tamil Nadu. Overall, this study demonstrates that snake rescuing should be appropriately regulated by the authorities, in particular the Wildlife Division of State Forest Departments in India, and formal training along with necessary equipment, medical insurance and appropriate recognition should be provided to them to safely remove snakes from human dwellings and manage the safety of both snakes and humans. They can also act as educators to disseminate information about the preventive and first aid measures for snakebites as well as the ecological importance of snakes.

Health Literacy in Preventing and Controlling Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Among Village Health Volunteer, Pattani Province, Thailand

Background: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV). The situation of the DHF prevalence rate was still high in the community. One reason for this high rate involves community members, who had less participated in the prevention and control measures of DHF. Objectives: This descriptive study aimed to study factors associated with preventing and controlling DHF among village health volunteer, Pattani Province. Methods: Population consisted of 6,841 village health volunteers registered in Pattani Province, Thailand, in fiscal year 2020, and the sample size was calculated using Daniel formula for 215 cases, and systematic random sampling was carried out for collecting data. Data were collected by questionnaires composed of 3 parts, including characteristics, health literacy factors, and preventing and controlling DHF. In addition to check questionnaire standardization, validity was checked by three experts and try out testing reliability by Cronbach’s coefficient alpha about 0.87. Data were analysed using statistical as Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. Results: The analysis found that health literacy factors were associated with preventing and controlling DHF among village health volunteer, Pattani Province such as access skill (r=0.310, p-value<0.001) communication skill (r=0.201, p-value=0.003) media literacy skill (r=0.386, p-value<0.001) decision skill (r=0.349, p-value<0.001) self-management skill (r=0.480, p-value<0.001), respectively. Conversely, cognitive skill had no association (r=0.117, p-value=0.086). Conclusion: The finding showed that health literacy of village health volunteer was associated with the preventing and controlling DHF. Therefore, health workers should encourage the village health volunteers to participate in sustainable prevention and control of DHF.

Drug-Related Keratitis: A Real-World FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database Study.

This study aimed to assess the drug risk of drug-related keratitis and track the epidemiological characteristics of drug-related keratitis. This study analyzed data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 2004 to December 2023. A disproportionality analysis was conducted to assess drug-related keratitis with positive signals, and drugs were classified and assessed with regard to their drug-induced timing and risk of drug-related keratitis. A total of 1606 drugs were reported to pose a risk of drug-related keratitis in the FAERS database, and, after disproportionality analysis and screening, 17 drugs were found to significantly increase the risk of drug-related keratitis. Among them, seven were ophthalmic medications, including dorzolamide (reporting odds ratio [ROR] = 3695.82), travoprost (ROR = 2287.27), and brimonidine (ROR = 2118.52), and 10 were non-ophthalmic medications, including tralokinumab (ROR = 2609.12), trazodone (ROR = 2377.07), and belantamab mafodotin (ROR = 680.28). The top three drugs having the highest risk of drug-related keratitis were dorzolamide (Bayesian confidence propagation neural network [BCPNN] = 11.71), trazodone (BCPNN = 11.11), and tralokinumab (BCPNN = 11.08). The drug-induced times for non-ophthalmic medications were significantly shorter than those for ophthalmic medications (mean days, 141.02 vs. 321.96, respectively; P < 0.001). The incidence of drug-related keratitis reached its peak in 2023. Prevention of drug-related keratitis is more important than treatment. Identifying the specific risks and timing of drug-induced keratitis can support the development of preventive measures. Identifying the specific drugs related to medication-related keratitis is of significant importance for drug vigilance in the occurrence of drug-related keratitis.

Draft genomes of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Brazil representing novel sequence types.

Whole-genome sequencing identified three previously unidentified multilocus sequence types of Campylobacter jejuni (ST-12332) and Campylobacter coli (ST-12333 and ST-12663), harboring resistance genes for multiple antimicrobial classes. The sources of isolation highlight the circulation of resistance strains within animals and humans, emphasizing the need for preventive measures.