Use In Prevention Research Articles

Treatment and prevention of use and abuse of illegal drugs: progress on interventions and future directions.

State-of-the-art downstream interventions are generally successful for half of drug-abusing clients. But, only one in four abusers actually receives treatment. In the midstream, one setting (schools), one type of prevention ("one size fits all"), and a limited age-range focus (adolescence and preadolescence) have predominated. Accumulating evidence casts doubt on the effectiveness of widely disseminated school-based prevention approaches, although theory-based programs that emphasize skills training and adjunctive parent and neighborhood interventions fare better. Newer pursuits include intervening very early with higher risk children and expanding to primary health care settings and workplaces. Popular but unproven community approaches need more rigorous evaluation. Upstream national and state public policy and environmental interventions should be reexamined in light of their success for preventing tobacco and alcohol use.

From Streets to Homes

This paper describes essential elements of the Consumer Preference Supported Housing (CPSH) Model of homelessness prevention in use at Pathways to Housing, Inc. in New York City. This intervention prevents homelessness by engaging and housing homeless substance abusers with psychiatric disabilities whom other programs have rejected as “treatment resistant” or “not housing ready.” The CPSH model is built on the belief that housing is a basic right for all people. As opposed to the housing continuum model, housing is based on consumer choice and is not connected to compliance or treatment. Housing is provided immediately, and there are separate criteria for housing and treatment needs. Support services are aimed at integration of mental health and substance abuse services. In a randomized controlled study, individuals who are currently homeless and have psychiatric disabilities and/or substance abuse problems are randomly assigned to either the CSPH intervention or an intervention using the linear continuum model. Participants will be followed for a period of one year and the study will provide feedback regarding the effectiveness of the CSPH model.

Harm reduction and decriminalization in the United States: a personal perspective.

Harm reduction, an alternative to both drug legalization and drug prohibition, seeks to preserve prohibition by keeping the supply of drugs illegal while softening some of the harsh consequences of prohibition. Typical harm reduction proposals are needle exchanges for intravenous drug users to reduce the spread of HIV infection and the medical use of marijuana for a variety of illnesses including AIDS, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. While attractive as a reasonable-sounding compromise, harm reduction carries a high price because it undermines the social signal of prohibition. This signal is a vital public health strategy, especially when it comes to primary prevention of use of alcohol and other drugs by youth. A personal experience with harm reduction, leading to rejection of this approach, is described. Harm reduction, enjoying a minor comeback in the United States, is a favored policy in much of Europe today. Harm reduction is not new, and it is a failure as a public health policy.

Labor Law: Injunctions: Permissible Objects of Strikes: Prevention of Use of Labor-Saving Devices

Labor Law: Injunctions: Permissible Objects of Strikes: Prevention of Use of Labor-Saving Devices