Prevent Disease Transmission Research Articles

Knowledge and attitude toward coronavirus disease 19 pandemic among Saudi Arabia population: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Coronavirus disease 19 is a pandemic affecting millions worldwide. Since February 2020, new cases are reported in Saudi Arabia, and regulations have been imposed to control the spread of the disease and raise awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the Kingdom’s residents toward coronavirus disease 19 during the early stages of the pandemic.Method:A cross-sectional study of 2071 participants who were recruited from various cities in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was shared through social media, which contained questions about demographic data, general knowledge of coronavirus disease 19, and participants’ attitudes.Results:The mean age of the study population was 34 ± 12.4 years. Most of the participants agreed that coronavirus disease 19 is a pandemic and is more serious than seasonal influenza. More than 90% believed that handwashing and social distancing are effective in preventing disease transmission. No significant results were observed when comparing the knowledge of high-risk participants and the normal population. More than half of the cohort were strictly compliant with curfew regulations, handwashing, and face mask. Around 80% of the population is following coronavirus disease 19 news and information through official authorities’ press releases.Conclusion:The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia residents showed decent knowledge of coronavirus disease 19. Nevertheless, some information needs emphasizing and proper education. Frequent communication between healthcare authorities and the public is highly recommended.

Production of mosquito cell-derived Zika virus-like particles using BacMos system

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which has been conclusively linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. The worldwide emergence of ZIKV has greatly increased the demand for vaccines that reduce or prevent disease transmission. Neutralizing human antibodies which target ZIKV E proteins have been shown to prevent ZIKV replication. Virus-like particles (VLPs) lacking viral genetic material comprise self-assembled multi-subunit protein structures that are capable of strongly activating humoral and cellular immunity. Flavivirus prM and E proteins are both necessary and sufficient for the production of VLPs. Thus, it appears that ZIKV VLPs are an ideal target for vaccine design and serological detection. Methods: In this study, the BacMos (baculovirus/mosquito) method was used to introduce the ZIKV prME gene into mosquito cells. Immunofluorescence assays (IFAs), dot blot (DB) analysis, and Western blot (WB) analysis were used to evaluate the expression and secretion of ZIKV glycoproteins. VLP formation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Results: IFA presented intense signals from ZIKV E-positive cells in BacMos-ZIKV prME-transduced cells. DB and WB detected abundant ZIKV glycoproteins in the culture medium of BacMos-ZIKV prME-transduced cells. TEM observation and DLS analysis revealed that ZIKV VLPs comprised spherical particles, with an average diameter of 30 nm. Conclusions: Mosquito cell-derived ZIKV VLPs are promising candidates for the development of safe, efficacious vaccines and diagnostic antigens in the future.

Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Use in COVID-19 Era and Cardiovascular Concerns

In the present era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, lack of an established and effective targeted therapy sans a vaccine is proving to be a major hurdle in containing the contagion. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a widely used antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug, has been proposed for coronavirus infection management by various drug regulatory authorities for emergency use including Indian Council of Medical Research. However, clinical safety concerns primarily regarding cardiovascular issues have been raised against HCQ usage, especially in relatively higher dosage in conjunction with azithromycin (AZM) coprescription. HCQ and to some extent, AZM have proven to be effective against COVID-19. Barring a small at-risk population for cardiovascular adverse effects, their clinical use in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 was deemed to be beneficial and even recommended by various national and international representative societies including the World Health Organization, especially in high-risk individuals such as health-care workers and exposed contacts of coronavirus positive patients under due medical supervision. Multiple studies evaluating the anticoronaviral efficacy for prevention as well as for treatment prospect were conducted, but none could convincingly demonstrate a beneficial effect of HCQ with or without AZM on alleviating symptoms, shortening hospitalization, improving survival, or preventing disease transmission.

Tracking industry responsiveness to COVID-19 – what has happened and what lies ahead

This study will provide a longitudinal account of how the Australian offshore petroleum industry has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, and how the response has evolved over time, and will provide a regulatory perspective on the future challenges arising from the changes that have occurred during the industry in response to the pandemic. Since March 2020, the National Offshore Safety and Environmental Management Authority has been actively collecting information about the approach taken by the offshore petroleum industry to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The initial response focused on infectious disease control measures, identifying strategies to prevent disease transmission on offshore facilities and to respond should an outbreak occur offshore. The next phase considered the potential consequences of the infection control measures on facility safety and integrity, including the impact of reduced personnel on board on safety critical maintenance activities and emergency response capability, assurance of competence profile requirements being sustained on facilities, the long-term consequences of delayed routine maintenance, supply chain disruptions and access to specialist workforce. It became apparent that a rapid recovery to pre-COVID-19 conditions was unlikely, and the impacts would likely continue for some time; and psychosocial and fatigue risk management strategies were explored. Data collection methods included: surveys of operators, workplace inspections, review of documents and records, interviews with members of the workforce and participation in industry working groups.

Challenges of COVID-19 vaccination in the context of transplantation - A narrative review

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination is imperative for preventing disease transmission and combating the associated mortality. Vaccination in the setting of transplantation is a complex issue. Owing to the chronic immunocompromised state in a transplant recipient, the immunogenicity of the vaccines is expected to be attenuated. Immunizing pretransplant patients will also be a challenge, as chronic kidney disease is also an immunocompromised state causing a lower seroconversion rate. The protective immune response generated is also expected to fade earlier. Enumerable psychosocial barriers exist regarding vaccine acceptance and a tender bond between health care providers and patients is essential for the smooth conduct of the vaccination program. The tolerability and safety profile of different available vaccines are reassuring in the general population but more data are needed in transplant communities. In addition, the efficacy data of COVID-19 vaccines are derived from the general population and preliminary reports in transplant patients have shown weakened immune response to vaccination. As of May 2021, Indian government advisories have approved three vaccines: COVIDSHIELD, COVAXIN, and Sputnik. Hence, research on vaccine efficacy with different vaccine constituents, dosing, and intervals is necessary for an effective protocol for vaccination in transplantation.

Influenza Outbreak and a Group Meal in a Geriatric Long-term Care Facility in Japan.

Influenza outbreaks at geriatric long-term care facilities (g-LTCFs) can be deadly and their prevention is important. However, the factors influencing disease transmission in g-LTCFs remain controversial. In this descriptive study, we tried to identify the potential risk factors influencing influenza outbreaks that occurred in different influenza seasons within a single g-LTCF with 100 residents in Gunma Prefecture. We reviewed the detailed facility records for all influenza cases in both residents and staff between January 2012 and June 2020. Facility preventive measures were also reviewed. We found that community meals may have been a potential source of transmission leading to the outbreaks. When influenza infection is noted, implementation of strict preventive measures and restriction of meal provision to resident rooms may help to prevent disease transmission and the development of an outbreak. Such measures may also be useful to prevent the transmission of other serious droplet-borne diseases within g-LTCFs.

Making sense of heritable human genome editing: Scientific and ethical considerations.

Genome editing, particularly the use of CRISPR-Cas9-based methodologies, is revolutionizing biology through its impacts on research and the translation of these into applications in biomedicine. Somatic genome editing aimed at treating individuals with disease raises some significant ethical issues, but proposed heritable interventions, through the use of genome editing in gametes or embryos, raise a number of distinct social, ethical and political issues. This review will consider some proposed uses of heritable human genome editing (HHGE) and several of the objections to these that have been raised. Making sense of such proposed uses requires viewing HHGE as an assisted reproductive technology (ART) that, like preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRT), aims to prevent disease transmission during sexual reproduction, rather than acting as a therapy for an existing individual. Applications beyond the paradigm of disease prevention raise even more difficult scientific and ethical questions. Here, I will discuss various themes that are prominent in discussions of the science and ethics of HHGE, including impacts on human dignity and society, the language of HHGE used for public dialogue and the governance of HHGE.

Knowledge of COVID-19 infection control among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Radiological examinations have played a crucial role in the identification and management of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of infection control among healthcare workers in radiology departments are important to prevent disease transmission. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of infection control for COVID-19 among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional, online questionnaire was administered among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia in May 2020. The questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, profession, knowledge of infection control for COVID-19, and good practice of infection control measures for COVID-19 in radiology departments. A descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square test were performed using SPSS software. A total of 234 (91%) of healthcare workers replied that they have good knowledge about the precautions needed during the examination of positive COVID-19 cases in radiology departments, and 216 (84%) replied that they knew the necessary precautions when using portable X-ray machine. Moreover, 191 (>74%) of those surveyed agreed that wearing personal protective equipment and following the CDC sequence. There was significant association between profession and good clinical practices in radiology departments regarding COVID-19. Such knowledge could limit the spread of COVID-19 among the healthcare workers in radiology departments.

Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease-19: A study among high school students in Bangkok

Background: Breaking the chain of infection is the process that is controlled by the infection control and contact tracing to inhibit infections of pathogens in more people which can be done by stopping the cycle of chain of infection. To prevent coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 from further spreading, breaking the chain of infection is required. In addition, in the chain of infection, the last key point is the factors that affect the behavior in disease transmission prevention of COVID-19. Research has shown that good knowledge and a positive attitude have contributed to a behavior that would prevent this disease. One of the most important actions that need to be taken to break the chain of infection is to set a healthy behavior in each individual. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about COVID-19 among high school students in Bangkok. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 177 students participated. COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes toward COVID-19, and preventive behaviors were assessed. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographic were analyzed through independent t-test and the ANOVA. Preventive behaviors were analyzed by a generalized linear model. Results: Students revealed good knowledge about COVID-19, correctly answering 5.22 (SD = 1.57) questions in a total of 7, good attitudes toward preventive behaviors in the presence of rules 9.06 (SD = 2.12) and good attitudes toward preventive behaviors without the presence of rules 9.48 (SD = 2.36), and good preventive behavior 33.91 (SD = 6.06), question in a total of 47. There are statistically significant positive correlations shown: between attitudes toward preventive behaviors with the presence of rules and preventive behaviors (Exp (B) = 0.521, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0–0.99, P < 0.05) and between attitude toward preventive behavior without the presence of rules and preventive behaviors (Exp(B) = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.14–1.02, P < 0.05. Conclusion: This study revealed high knowledge about COVID-19, positive attitudes toward preventive behaviors in the presence and absence of rules, and high preventive behaviors in high school students of International Community School, Bangkok, Thailand. Furthermore, it indicates that there is a causal relationship between attitudes toward COVID-19 in the absence of rules and preventive behaviors. Thus, attitudes toward COVID-19 in the absence of rules are a major predictive factor of having preventive behaviors. Therefore, to promote preventive behaviors, accurate knowledge about COVID-19 should be given consistently by the school. To build up the same positive attitudes in the absence of rules as in this research, teachers and staff should show a sense of trust to students since this may form preventive behaviors in students.

PENYULUHAN TENTANG “AYO KUATKAN ANAK KITA DENGAN IMUNISASI WAJIB” DI PUSKESMAS KUTA BARO KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

Immunization is a process to form and increase the body's immunity against a certain infectious disease. The way to trigger immunity is by giving vaccines. Compulsory immunization is immunization that must be obtained by children before the age of 1 year. In Indonesia, there are 5 types of immunization that must be given to children. Each type of immunization needs to be given according to a schedule in order to provide a maximum protective effect against disease. Fulfillment of this mandatory immunization has proven to be safe and useful to protect children from disease while preventing disease transmission to other children. If at any time a child who has been immunized is infected, he usually shows milder symptoms than a child who is not immunized. Compulsory immunization can be obtained free of charge at the public health center which refers to puskesmas or posyandu because it has been budgeted for by the government. Meanwhile, additional immunizations can be obtained by paying a fee according to the price of the vaccine and the tariff for doctor services at certain immunization sites. The method used is Pre Test and Post Test using a questionnaire. Based on the results of the counseling there was an increase in respondents' knowledge of mandatory immunization, which was in the good category as much as 23 (53.49%). Likewise, there is a significant increase in respondents' knowledge after being given counseling. Based on the results of the counseling there was an increase in respondents' knowledge of mandatory immunization, which was in the good category as much as 23 (53.49%). The conclusion is that there is a significant increase in respondents' knowledge after being given counseling. In conclusion, there was an increase in respondents' knowledge of mandatory immunization, which was in the good category as much as 23 (53.49%) which reveal that there is a significant increase in respondents' knowledge after being given counseling.

Nursing Care Effort To Prevent Parasitic Diseases

Intoduction: Infectious diseases are diseases that can be transmitted or passed from a person who is sick to people who are healthy or have not been exposed to the infectious disease. Transmission of the disease can occur either through intermediaries or directly. Standard precautions should always be taken applied in all health service facilities in providing health services safe for all patients and reduces the risk of further infection. There are so many work accident in hospital due to low intention in prevention of transmission. Objective: The aim of this article is to review the nursing care effort to prevent parasitic disease. Method: Writing a study of this scientific articles is made using the reading method model or literacy, analyzing and tracing various references. Result: This review found that both nursing students and nursing professional personnel must be able to improve obedience in the use of personal protective equipment and also always apply the 6 principles of cleanliness in wash hands both before taking action and after taking action with patients, in order to prevent disease transmission. Conclusion: As nurses must maintain body stamina and body health by increasing the body's immune system not easy to catch the disease.

La traducción de materiales sanitarios sobre la COVID-19 para población inmigrante: análisis exploratorio de propuestas en España

Las emergencias sanitarias exigen respuestas rápidas para garantizar que los ciudadanos tienen acceso a información para prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades y minimizar riesgos. En sociedades multilingües, los materiales informativos deben estar disponibles en distintos idiomas para alcanzar a diversos grupos que conviven en un mismo territorio. En el contexto de la emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por la Covid-19 en España, este artículo se aproxima a instituciones responsables de traducir materiales, los contenidos cubiertos, su formato y lenguas de destino. Se exploran páginas web de instituciones con información sobre salud, para posteriormente analizar una muestra de materiales y seleccionar ejemplos. Los resultados indican que organismos oficiales y ONG son las dos entidades que principalmente se ocupan de traducir materiales, tanto para lenguas mayoritarias como minoritarias. Los contenidos normalmente cubren una descripción de síntomas y medidas preventivas, si bien algunas entidades se desvían de esta tendencia para aproximarse a otros elementos, como el bienestar psicológico. El formato escrito parece ser el más recurrente, pero una de las ONG también desarrolla vídeos adaptados culturalmente. Se sugiere la subtitulación y adaptación de materiales para mejorar su eficacia.

Lepra reactions in new leprosy cases at diagnosis: A study of 50 Pakistani patients.

To determine the occurrence and characteristics of the two types of lepra reactions in new leprosy cases at initial diagnosis. The retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre, Karachi, and comprised all new leprosy cases registered from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018. Data was collected from the medical record database using a predesigned proforma. Of the 50 cases, 2(4%) were children and 48 (96%) were adults, with overall age ranging from 12 to 85 years. There were 41(82%) males and 9(18%) females.. Of the total, 30(60%) cases presented with type 1 reaction and 20(40%) with type 2. Further, 30(60%) cases were classified as borderline lepromatous. Among them, 17(57%) had type 2 reaction. Inflamed plaques were the main feature in 27(90%) cases of type 1. Crops of painful, erythematous nodules were seen in 19(95%) cases of type 2. Lepra reactions were found to be a presenting feature in a significant number of new leprosy cases at initial diagnosis.

Lessons From the First Wave of the Pandemic: Skin Features of COVID-19 Can Be Divided Into Inflammatory and Vascular Patterns [Formula: see text

This review examines the clinical, morphological, and systemic factors related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cutaneous manifestations. The EMBASE, Medline, and Pubmed Central databases were searched from February 1, 2020 until April 25, 2020, using the search words "(COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR coronavirus-19) AND (skin OR cutaneous OR dermatologic)". Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 were included. The cutaneous manifestations can be classified into 2 types. Patients with inflammatory reactions consisted of morbilliform, varicella-like, urticarial eruptions, and vesiculobullous manifestations. These manifestations were mainly found on the trunk, limbs, and faces of patients and had mainly positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction findings (97.7%). Furthermore, there were 516 patients with acral vascular lesions: chilblains, livedo lesions, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, and other noninflammatory purpura. These were often nonpruritic (88%) and not seen in severe disease (88.7%). The cutaneous lesions have potential for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and prevention of disease transmission. The implications of COVID-19 in the field of dermatology continue to evolve as more clinical data becomes available.

KESIAPAN KAMPUS UNTUK KEGIATAN PERKULIAHAN YANG BERADAPTASI DALAM ERA NEW NORMAL

Title: Campus Readiness Toward Lecture Activities in the New Normal Era&#x0D; The Covid-19 pandemic, which has been going on for so long, is not yet known when it will end. Under these conditions, all activities that involve large numbers of people need to seek prevention against the risk of disease transmission. Lecture activities that are usually carried out face-to-face (offline) are currently conducted online. However, at certain times the lecture activities must be done offline. At the Department of Architecture – Duta Wacana Christain University (UKDW), some of the offline lecture activities are carried out in the studio room. Although not every day, this activity still has a chance for disease transmission. For this reason, offline lectures at UKDW need to be reviewed so that all activities that take place on campus can prevent disease transmission as much as possible. Regulation of the Minister of Health regarding health protocols and other related regulations are used to identify the readiness of lecture rooms, especially studio rooms in which the lecture activities in the Architecture Department - UKDW are carried out. The problem that happens is the risk of transmission due to the level of readiness of the studio room and the layout of the furniture in fulfilling the standard health protocol. This study applies a descriptive - qualitative method with data taken from observation and interviews. The results of the examination of the studio rooms show that the studio rooms still need to be adapted to standard health protocols and other applicable regulations.

Sexual Pleasure in Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals: an Update on Recent Advances in the Field

The goal of the current publication was to review literature on sexual pleasure in transgender people published in the past 3 years. An additional aim of the review was to determine whether recent literature differed from the traditionally narrow focus of transgender sexual health research, which has clustered almost exclusively in three topics: (1) orgasmic potential for transgender people who have undergone gender-affirmative genital surgery, (2) sexual desire in relation to gender-affirmative hormone therapy, and (3) HIV-related risk. Twelve recent studies were included in the review. The disciplinary focus of the articles included biomedical interventions, including sexual pleasure in relation to gender-affirmative hormone therapy and surgeries; psychology/sexology, including basic and applied research on transgender people’s sexual pleasure and health; sex education, including pleasure-based and transgender-inclusive curricula; and HIV and sexual health, including the role of sexual pleasure in facilitating or preventing disease transmission. Recent literature builds upon existing bodies of research in meaningful ways. However, the subject matter of recent literature did not stray from the traditionally narrow focus of this research area. Additionally, the vast majority of research was conducted in wealthy, industrialized countries (mostly North America and the Netherlands). Implications for research and clinical practice are explored.

Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review.

Wild animals are the source of many pathogens of livestock and humans. Concerns about the potential transmission of economically important and zoonotic diseases from wildlife have led to increased surveillance at the livestock-wildlife interface. Knowledge of the types, frequency and duration of contacts between livestock and wildlife is necessary to identify risk factors for disease transmission and to design possible mitigation strategies. Observing the behaviour of many wildlife species is challenging due to their cryptic nature and avoidance of humans, meaning there are relatively few studies in this area. Further, a consensus on the definition of what constitutes a ‘contact’ between wildlife and livestock is lacking. A systematic review was conducted to investigate which livestock-wildlife contacts have been studied and why, as well as the methods used to observe each species. Over 30,000 publications were screened, of which 122 fulfilled specific criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of studies examined cattle contacts with badgers or with deer; studies involving wild pig contacts with cattle or with domestic pigs were the next most frequent. There was a range of observational methods including motion-activated cameras and global positioning system collars. As a result of the wide variation and lack of consensus in the definitions of direct and indirect contacts, we developed a unified framework to define livestock-wildlife contacts that is sufficiently flexible to be applied to most wildlife and livestock species for non-vector-borne diseases. We hope this framework will help standardise the collection and reporting of contact data; a valuable step towards being able to compare the efficacy of wildlife-livestock observation methods. In doing so, it may aid the development of better disease transmission models and improve the design and effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent disease transmission.

Seroprevalence of Measles, Rubella, Tetanus, and Diphtheria Antibodies among Children in Haiti, 2017.

In Haiti, measles, rubella, and maternal and neonatal tetanus have been eliminated, but a diphtheria outbreak is ongoing as of 2019. We conducted a nationally representative, household-based, two-stage cluster survey among children aged 5-7 years in 2017 to assess progress toward maintenance of control and elimination of selected vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). We stratified Haiti into West region (West department, including the capital city) and non-West region (all other departments). We obtained vaccination history and dried blood spots, and measured antibody concentrations to VPDs on a multiplex bead assay. Among 1,146 children, national seropositivity was 83% (95% CI: 80-86%) for tetanus, 83% (95% CI: 81-85%) for diphtheria, 87% (95% CI: 85-89%) for measles, and 84% (95% CI: 81-87%) for rubella. None of the children had long-term immunity to tetanus or diphtheria (IgG concentration ≥ 1 international unit/mL). Seropositivity in the West region was lower than that in the non-West region. Vaccination coverage was 68% (95% CI: 61-74%) for ≥ 3 doses of tetanus- and diphtheria-containing vaccine (DTP3), 84% (95% CI: 80-87%) for one dose of measles-rubella vaccine (MR1), and 20% (95% CI: 16-24%) for MR2. The seroprevalence of measles, rubella, and diphtheria antibodies is lower than population immunity levels needed to prevent disease transmission, particularly in the West region; reintroduction of these diseases could lead to an outbreak. To maintain VPD control and elimination, Haiti should achieve DTP3 and MR2 coverage ≥ 95%, and include tetanus and diphtheria booster doses in the routine immunization schedule.

Performance of airflow distance from personalized ventilation on personal exposure to airborne droplets from different orientations

This study investigated the effect of airflow distance from a personalized ventilation (PV) system on the personal exposure of a PV user to exhaled droplets from different orientations. Constant and dynamic airflow from the PV system was studied. A PV system was designed to produce both constant and dynamic airflows with different periods. Thermal manikins were used to simulate a healthy person (HP), also the PV user, influenced by a respiratory activity from an infected person (IP) at different orientations. Results show that, with a short distance of 0.2 m between the PV and the HP, both constant and dynamic PV flow can effectively protect the HP at all orientations considered; with a longer distance of 0.5 m between the PV and the HP, at some orientations, neither constant PV flow nor dynamic PV flow could protect the HP from the IP under our testing conditions. PV is a potential method to prevent disease transmission. However, a proper design is essential, and the relative position of the PV terminal, the IP and the HP and the distance of the PV from the HP are important factors to be considered so as to achieve the best performance.

Exploring influenza vaccine hesitancy in community pharmacies: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada.

Vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains a prime contributor to poor influenza vaccine uptake. This study explores the knowledge, attitudes and practices of community pharmacists toward influenza VH, including their personal influenza immunization attitudes and behaviours. A web-based cross-sectional survey questionnaire was administered to community pharmacists practising in Ontario, Canada. A 38-question survey tool explored 5 domains, including pharmacists' personal attitudes and behaviour toward influenza immunization, their self-reported knowledge of influenza, its vaccine and vaccine hesitancy, and their attitudes, practices and experiences with influenza VH at the community pharmacy. The data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 5530 survey invitations were e-mailed, and 885 responses were collected (response rate 16%). Two-thirds (n = 568, 65.7%) of the respondents reported receiving the influenza vaccine in the preceding season. The most frequent reasons for personal influenza immunization were prevention of disease transmission to patients, friends and family, and contribution to herd immunity. In addition to their confidence and perceived ability to identify and address influenza VH, respondents' self-reported knowledge across a 15-item Likert questionnaire was high. Respondents reported coming across an average of 16 (SD 28) individuals hesitant to receive the influenza vaccine each week. Regular workload (n = 419, 65.6%) and insufficient time (n = 406, 65.3%) were reported as the most limiting barriers to engagement in influenza vaccine conversations. Facilitating optimal practice scope for pharmacists, and capitalizing on the convenience and accessibility of the community pharmacy setting, presents a promising means to address influenza VH. However, barriers to pharmacist-initiated engagement on influenza vaccine must be explored and addressed. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2020;153:xx-xx.