Preventive Measures Research Articles

ACVR2B polymorphism, Adiponectin, and GDF-15 levels as biomarkers for cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer.

Reversing cancer cachexia remains a challenge. Genetic biomarkers for the early detection of the disease have been explored in order to enable the implementation of preventive measures. We therefore genotyped candidate genes based on cachexia phenotype and quantified adiponectin and GDF-15 levels in cachectic patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Patients with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer were divided into a cachectic and a non-cachectic group after the start of chemotherapy. A control group (no cancer) was also included. We genotyped the following single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by quantitative PCR: FOXO3 (rs1935949), FOXO3 (rs4946935), ACVR2B (rs2268757), and SELP (rs6136). In addition, we quantified adiponectin and GDF-15 levels by ELISA. The rs2268757 SNP in the ACVR2B gene was associated with the weight loss phenotype in cachectic patients with gastrointestinal cancer (non-cachectic, P = 0.004). Plasma adiponectin levels were higher in cachectic patients compared to controls (P = 0.01) and non-cachectic patients (P = 0.004). GDF-15 was also elevated in cachectic patients compared to controls (P < 0.0001) and non-cachectic patients (P = 0.001). Analysis by sex showed elevated adiponectin levels in men (control, P = 0.01) and cachectic women (control, P = 0.04; non-cachectic, P = 0.01), as well as elevated GDF-15 levels in men (control, P = 0.002) and cachectic women (control, P = 0.002; non-cachectic, P = 0.007). However, there was no significant difference in the levels of these cytokines between cachectic men and women. The results suggest the rs2268757 SNP in the ACVR2B gene, adiponectin, and GDF-15 as potential biomarkers of cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer.

Preventing MRSA Infections in Sports: Effective Strategies and Approaches

Introduction: Infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are a growing concern, particularly among asymptomatic individuals. CA-MRSA can lead to various conditions such as skin infections, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, endocarditis, and pubic osteomyelitis, with athletes being especially vulnerable due to shared equipment, close contact, and skin trauma. Prolonged colonization of the anterior nares and persistence on shared surfaces contribute to its spread. Purpose of work: This study aims to review MRSA prevalence in sports and provide effective strategies for prevention and management.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate MRSA prevalence in sports and provide effective strategies for prevention and management. Materials and methods: A comprehensive analysis of research papers available on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus was undertaken using the search terms encompassing the following keywords: Community- acquired MRSA / MRSA and Sport / MRSA and athletes / MRSA Prevention Strategies in Sports / MRSA Infection Risks in Athletes / MRSA Colonization and Sports Participation. Results: A meta-analysis found that about 6% of asymptomatic athletes are colonized with MRSA, though rates vary by sport and country. Decolonization methods may reduce infection risk, but their effects are often temporary. This study examines MRSA colonization and infections in athletes, stressing the importance of preventive measures.

Assessment of Transcription Errors and their Effects on Medical Approach, Hospitalization Duration, and Financial Costs of Traumatic Patients: How Can We Prevent Them?

Background and aims: Transcription errors pose significant risks to patient well-being, potentially leading to morbidity, mortality, and financial burdens on healthcare systems and society. This study assessed the prevalence of transcription errors and their impacts on medical treatment approaches, hospitalization duration, and associated costs. Methods: Direct observation was used to evaluate and compare all patients’ medical records, identifying errors, costs, and hospitalization duration. Physician orders and patient applications were checked, with intervention and control groups categorized based on the presence or absence of errors, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative methods such as the chi-square, student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and ANCOVA, to assess statistical significance. Results: No significant differences were observed in gender (P=0.73) and age (P=0.89) between patients. Omission errors and incorrect dosage forms were the most common. Errors were more frequent in patients with underlying diseases (P&lt;0.001), with nurses frequently involved (P&lt;0.001). Errors were more prevalent in intensive care units (ICUs) (P=0.002) and during morning and night shifts (P&lt;0.001). A significant association was found between trauma severity and medication error occurrence (P&lt;0.001). Moreover, patients with transcription errors had higher medical expenses and extended hospital stays (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Effective preventive measures are crucial to avoid transcription errors and their adverse consequences. Recommendations include minimizing abbreviations, ensuring complete and explicit orders, rigorous training, double-checking, using technology such as Electronic Prescription and Physician Orders, maintaining a distraction-free, ergonomic work environment, and fostering open communication among healthcare providers and patients to enhance medication safety.

Preventive behaviors for COVID-19 in Chile: Lessons from a population follow-up for 2021 and 2022.

The rapid emergence of COVID-19 urged policy responses worldwide, focusing on vaccination and mobility restrictions. Chile represents a unique scenario for analyzing personal preventive measures amid intensive communication and vaccination campaigns. This study aims to explore changes in population adherence to non-pharmacological preventive measures during the pandemic and the factors that explain this adherence each year. 386 individuals who participated in two population-based studies (2021 and 2022) were considered. An interview was conducted to measure adherence to self-care practices, and case and contact tracing by the health authorities. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to measure change between 2021 and 2022, bivariate analysis, and a linear regression model for each year were performed. Mask-wearing in public places was the most commonly used measure (95.9% in 2021, 89.9% in 2022). Follow-up of cases and cases contacts by the health authority had high coverage in 2021 (94.3% and 83% respectively). A greater decrease was observed in contact tracing in 2022 totaling 33.3%. An increase in the score of adherence to preventive practices was observed in 2022 (p < 0.00). The regression model showed in 2021 that women were more likely to adopt preventive behaviors (95% confidence interval: 0.27 to 1.13) and the overweight/obese had higher adherence compared to normal body mass index (95% confidence interval: 0.06 to 0.98). In 2022 being a young adult (30 to 49 years) predicted the adoption of behavioral precautions (95% confidence interval: 0.00 to 1.32). Adherence to preventive measures increased even with high vaccination coverage, likely due to the epidemiological situation with the Omicron variant circulating in 2022.

Mechanisms and control measures of low temperature storage-induced chilling injury to solanaceous vegetables and fruits

Low temperature storage is widely used for storage and transportation of fruits and vegetables after harvest. As a cold-sensitive fruit vegetable, post-harvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits are susceptible to chilling injury during low temperature storage, which reduces its sensory quality and edible quality and shortens its storage period, thus leading to huge economic losses. Therefore, it is an essential to clarify the occurrence mechanism of chilling injury caused by low temperature storage in solanaceous vegetables and fruits, and to propose corresponding prevention and control measures for chilling injury. In recent years, a series of progress has been made in the research on chilling injury prevention and control and low temperature stress tolerance of solanaceous vegetables and fruits. This paper describes the chilling injury symptoms of postharvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits, clarifies the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the chilling injury process, the molecular mechanisms, and prevention and control measures, and summarizes the latest research advancements on chilling injury and chilling tolerance regulation of solanaceous vegetables and fruits, which can provide valuable references for low temperature storage and chilling injury prevention and control measures of solanaceous vegetables and fruits.

Association between complete blood-count-based inflammatory scores and hypertension in persons living with and without HIV in Zambia.

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of essential hypertension. Studies assessing the association between complete blood count-based inflammatory scores (CBCIS) and hypertension are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between CBCIS and hypertension among individuals with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This was a cross-sectional study among 344 participants at Serenje District Hospital and Serenje Urban Clinic. We used structured questionnaires to collect sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. CBCIS included lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), and differential white blood cells. The primary outcome variable was hypertension defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 140/90 mmHg. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between hypertension and CBCIS in statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 22.0. The participants had a median age of 32 years (interquartile range (IQR) 24-42) and 65.1% (n = 224) were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 10.5% (n = 36). Among those with hypertension, 55.6% (n = 20) were female and 44.4% (n = 16) were male. The CBCIS significantly associated with hypertension in people living with HIV (PLWH) was PLR (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99, p = 0.01) while in people without HIV, AMC (AOR 15.40 95%CI 3.75-63.26), ANC (AOR 1.88 95%CI 1.05-3.36), WBC (AOR 0.52 95%CI 0.31-0.87) and PLR (AOR 0.98 95%CI 0.97-0.99) were the factors associated with hypertension. Compared to people without HIV, only WBC, ANC, NLR, and d-NLR were good predictors of hypertension among PLWH. Our study indicates a notable HIV-status driven association between CBCIS and hypertension, suggesting the use of CBICS as potential biomarkers for hypertension risk with substantial implications for early detection and preventive measures.

Signs, Causes, Fighting Apple Diseases

Numerous diseases often damage apples in home orchards each year. These include fly agaric and sooty mold, summer blight, black rot, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. This article discusses the signs, causes, progression, treatment, and preventive measures for several apple tree diseases. Some infections attack the tree roots in the fall, but symptoms do not appear until the following spring, when the tree can no longer absorb enough water and nutrients to continue growing. Disease control in apple orchards is difficult due to the lack of effective chemical treatments. Preventive measures can help control these diseases.

Hepatitis E as a trigger for Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is typically self-limiting and has a favourable prognosis. However, certain populations such as patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease may experience severe manifestations, including progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Among viral hepatitis types, hepatitis A, E, and B are major causes of ACLF. Active screening and early diagnosis of HEV infection in patients with cirrhosis, especially those who develop ACLF, can improve management and enable timely antiviral therapy. Preventive measures, including HEV vaccination for high-risk groups, could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with hepatitis E.

THE IMPACT OF EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS FACTORS ON VASCULAR WALL ELASTICITY AND POTENTIAL CLINICAL EFFECTS (Review Article)

Vascular aging is associated with profound changes in the structural properties of the arterial wall. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease are the primary determinants of the loss of elasticity and reduced compliance of the vascular wall. Arterial stiffness is a key parameter for assessing the elasticity of the arterial wall and can be easily evaluated using non-invasive methods such as pulse wave velocity. Early assessment of arterial stiffness is critical, as its changes may precede the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease. With age, arterial walls become stiffer, leading to an increase in systolic blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, or heart failure. The gradual decrease in vascular elasticity is accompanied by remodeling of their structure, an increase in collagen fibers, and a decrease in elastin, which exacerbates the problem. In addition, the mechanical stress on the vascular wall, which increases with age, worsens its condition, provoking the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Arterial stiffness, as an important biomarker of vascular aging, is also an indicator of increased cardiovascular risk, independent of other factors such as blood pressure or the presence of comorbidities. Therefore, timely diagnosis of arterial stiffness can help prevent serious complications and adjust treatment for patients at risk. Important are also preventive measures, including a healthy lifestyle, physical activity, and control of the underlying diseases that contribute to the acceleration of vascular aging processes. Moreover, the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors, such as diet, the presence of chronic diseases, and bad habits (in particular, smoking), contribute to the acceleration of these processes. Innovative diagnostic methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound, allow detecting these changes at early stages and, accordingly, adapting treatment.

Modeling Zika Virus Disease Dynamics with Control Strategies

In this research, we formulated a fractional-order model for the transmission dynamics of Zika virus, incorporating three control strategies: health education campaigns, the use of insecticides, and preventive measures. We conducted a theoretical analysis of the model, obtaining the disease-free equilibrium and the basic reproduction number, and analyzing the existence and uniqueness of the model. Additionally, we performed model parameter estimation using real data on Zika virus cases reported in Colombia. We found that the fractional-order model provided a better fit to the real data compared to the classical integer-order model. A sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number was conducted using computed partial rank correlation coefficients to assess the impact of each parameter on Zika virus transmission. Furthermore, we performed numerical simulations to determine the effect of memory on the spread of Zika virus. The simulation results showed that the order of derivatives significantly impacts the dynamics of the disease. We also assessed the effect of the control strategies through simulations, concluding that the proposed interventions have the potential to significantly reduce the spread of Zika virus in the population.

Research progress on the pathogenesis of PM2.5 in ophthalmic diseases

PM2.5 is a fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 μm, and it is the primary pollutant that causes haze. In recent years, numerous research results have shown that PM2.5 is associated with various ophthalmic diseases and its pathogenic mechanism is complex. It can disrupt the homeostasis of the tear film and the function of the meibomian glands, leading to dry eye; increase the risk of allergic and other types of conjunctivitis; may cause blepharitis; affect the homeostasis of the corneal epithelium and promote the development of keratopathy; the correlation with cataract is controversial; it is related to the risk of glaucoma; it is associated with age-related macular degeneration; it may also indirectly promote diabetic retinopathy. Prevention and control measures include controlling the level of PM2.5, strengthening publicity and screening, reducing going out and wearing goggles, etc. PM2.5 is closely related to ophthalmic diseases, but its specific pathogenic mechanism still requires more research to explore.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of dengue fever in Fuzhou, China, in 2023.

This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of dengue fever (DF) in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian Province, southeast China. A retrospective analysis was performed on 251 cases of DF diagnosed at the fever clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Chinese Medicine in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. Epidemic characteristics, such as the number of cases, age distribution, sex distribution, seasonal distribution, and spatial distribution in each region, were analyzed. The patients' clinical manifestations, signs, auxiliary examinations, and prognoses were analyzed. The age distribution of DF cases was mainly concentrated in 30-39 years (20.72%) and 50-59 years (21.12%). There were no sex differences among the patients. Of these cases, 60.16% were concentrated on the lower floors, with retirees having the highest proportion. The seasonal peak of DF in Fuzhou area was from September to November. The SDE plot showed that the cases were mainly concentrated in Jin'an and Gulou districts. Etiological tests revealed serum NS1 antigen (97.61%), serum IgM antibody (15.14%), and serum IgG antibody (0.40%). There were no significant differences in clinical manifestations between the children's and non-children's groups. Laboratory tests have shown that the disease is prone to multi-system dysfunction, including the blood system, digestive system, urinary system and internal environment. ROC curve analysis showed that WBC, N, LY, PLT, and CRP levels had specific diagnostic values for DF. The epidemiological situation and clinical characteristics of DF in Fuzhou City were analyzed to guide the formulation of reasonable prevention and treatment measures.

Shattering the Masculinity Myth: Prevention and Support for Male Victims of Domestic Violence

The purpose of this study is to determine effective measures for prevention and support as well as the prevalence, experiences, and obstacles experienced by male victims of domestic violence in South Africa. Domestic violence against men is prevalent in South Africa. Forms of maltreatment that men were subjected to. Men's unwillingness to disclose domestic violence significant factors. Obstacles male victims encounter when trying to get justice and help. Practical methods for stopping domestic abuse of males and offering assistance to victims. Principal arguments is that male victims of domestic abuse are a serious problem that frequently goes unreported. Male victims encounter particular difficulties, such as lack of assistance, legal barriers, and societal preconceptions. Men are reluctant to disclose abuse for a variety of reasons, including skepticism and fear of stigma. Providing support services, dispelling negative preconceptions, and increasing awareness are all effective ways to combat domestic abuse against males. In order to create successful treatments and gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of male victims, more study is required. Methodological approach: A review of the literature to see what studies have been done on domestic violence against men. A literature review study will be conducted in this study, it is a comprehensive examination of existing research on a particular topic. It provides a foundation for new research, identifies gaps in knowledge, and establishes the context for the study. Significance of this study's conclusions can help create effective preventative and support programs as well as a better understanding of domestic violence against men in South Africa. Additionally, the study can assist in dispelling negative preconceptions and increasing awareness of the problem. Anyone interested in tackling domestic violence against males, including policymakers, researchers, practitioners, and community members, should find this study to be useful. In conclusion. Male victims of domestic abuse are a severe problem that has to be addressed. We may endeavour to create a society where all people, regardless of gender, can live free from abuse by addressing the root causes of violence, offering assistance to victims, and dispelling damaging misconceptions.

Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Cancer vaccination Among Young Females in Chennai: A Cross-Sectional KAP Study

Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papilloma virus (HPV). It is one of the most common cancers in women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While most HPV infections resolve naturally, some persist and can lead to cervical cancer over time. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of young women in Chennai regarding cervical cancer, screening, and prevention, and to identify barriers and facilitators influencing participation in screening programs. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2024 among 222 young females, aged 13 and above.. A semi-structured questionnaire assessed their KAP towards cervical cancer. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Bloom’s taxonomy was applied to categorize knowledge and attitude. Chi-square tests were used to determine statistical significance, with a p-value &lt; 0.05. Results: Although 78.2% of participants were aware of cervical cancer, knowledge of preventive measures was low—only 25.2% knew about the HPV vaccine, and 44% understood the correct Pap test frequency. Attitudes toward screening were mostly positive, with 73.2% agreeing that free screening reduces cervical cancer risk. However, actual preventive practices were limited—only 9% had undergone a Pap smear, and 10% had received the HPV vaccine. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in KAP between groups (p &gt; 0.05), except for medical students, who demonstrated significantly higher knowledge levels. Conclusion: Despite positive attitudes toward cervical cancer screening, there were notable gaps in knowledge and preventive practices among young women in Chennai. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions, particularly on HPV vaccination and routine screening, to bridge these gaps.

Prevalence of surgical site infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Goa, India: a cross-sectional study

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major category of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in surgical settings. They lead to extended hospital stays, increased morbidity, and financial burden. The study was conducted in the surgical wards of Goa medical college, a tertiary care hospital, to assess the prevalence of SSIs and identify the key bacterial pathogens and associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective study design was employed, involving 378 patients aged over 18 years admitted for surgical procedures. Data collection included daily follow-up for signs of infection, identification of bacterial pathogens, and analysis of potential risk factors such as age, type of surgery, duration of postoperative drain, length of hospital stays, and wound classification. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software, with significance set at p&lt;0.05. Results: The study identified an SSI prevalence of 12.69% among the participants, with Pseudomonas being the most common causative agent. Significant risk factors included extended postoperative drain duration, longer hospital stays, emergency surgical procedures, and surgeries involving contaminated or clean-contaminated wounds. Patients with prolonged postoperative drains had a markedly higher incidence of SSIs (63.63%). Conclusions: The findings reveal a considerable burden of SSIs in the studied setting, with high infection rates in patients undergoing prolonged drain usage, emergency surgeries, and surgeries on contaminated wounds. Strengthening infection prevention measures, particularly in high-risk cases, and enforcing strict adherence to hygiene and sterilization practices are critical. Enhanced infection surveillance programs and targeted interventions could help reduce SSI rates, improve patient outcomes, and minimize healthcare costs.

Indoor radon trends with building code change in two Canadian cities

Radon studies were conducted in two Canadian cities, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, to evaluate trends in indoor radon before and after the 2010 National Building Code of Canada was adopted into the legally binding provincial building codes in 2011. Participants were recruited in neighbourhoods characterized by newer housing developments. A postcard campaign in each city offered free radon testing to every house in the target areas, and free testing kits were mailed to study participants. Indoor radon measurements and house questionnaires were completed by 225 eligible participants in Halifax and 171 eligible participants in Winnipeg, using alpha-track radon detectors deployed for three months during the heating season in 2021–2022. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between indoor radon and the period of construction, the area in contact with the ground, the number of storeys, the type of heating system, the water source, and the type of ventilation. These analyses were focussed on the detached study houses because the majority of the participants lived in a detached house, and significant associations were identified for the period of construction and the floor where the radon detector was located. An odds ratio of 1.91 (1.04–3.50) for the detached Halifax study houses built after 2011 was associated with having a higher than geometric mean radon concentration (p = 0.033), nearly double the likelihood. There was no evidence of significant change in the indoor radon after 2011 in the detached Winnipeg study houses. A lower likelihood – almost half - for measurement conducted on a main/upper floor compared to in the basement was associated with a radon concentration above the respective geometric mean for each city: an odds ratio of 0.48 (0.27–0.86) for the detached Halifax study houses (p = 0.012), and of 0.45 (0.32–0.64) for the detached Winnipeg study houses (p = 0.022). Radon is the second most important cause of lung cancer, after smoking, and the results of this study support strengthening the radon preventive measures required in new low-rise housing to reduce the associated lung cancer burden in Canada.

OSTEOARTHRITIS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: KEY ASPECTS OF PATIENT MANAGEMENT

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a major health concern, and along with coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension, forms a triad of the most common diseases among the adult population. Osteoarthritis significantly reduces the quality of life, leads to disability, and increases mortality rates. Globally, nearly 240 million people suffer from osteoarthritis (about 10% of men and 18% of women over the age of 60). In terms of disease burden, osteoarthritis ranks: first in complications of the musculoskeletal system, second in the number of visits to family doctors, and third in cases of disability. Patients with osteoarthritis, particularly those with comorbid conditions and metabolic syndrome, face a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and an increased risk of premature death. Goal: to elucidate modern insights into the pathogenetic links between osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome, and to justify new approaches to improving treatment for patients with this pathology. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using scientific databases, employing methods of analysis, comparison, and generalization of information about the relationship between osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome. The study was carried out at the Department of Family Medicine and Therapy at Poltava State Medical University, based in the Regional Rheumatology Center of M. V. Sklifosovskiy Poltava Regional. The study involved 40 patients, both outpatients and inpatients, including 26 women (65%) and 14 men (35%), aged 54-69 years, with primary osteoarthritis of X-ray stages I-II according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale, in combination with metabolic syndrome. The control group consisted of 20 individuals. Results. A 12-month monitoring of this group of patient was conducted, revealing mild to moderate manifestations of metabolic syndrome along with polymorbid conditions such as chronic obstructive lung diseases and genitourinary system disorders. Most frequently, one, and rarely two, comorbid conditions were detected, along with one or two diseases unrelated to osteoarthritis. The most common progressive conditions observed were arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and digestive system diseases. The primary goal in managing patients with osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome is to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk and mortality. This involves developing a comprehensive concept of metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis, identifying patients at high cardiovascular risk, and implementing preventive measures, including lifestyle modifications and the use of appropriate medications. Conclusions. The study revealed a significant clinical effect from the use of therapy that included coxibs in 78% of patients in the main group with osteoarthritis combined with metabolic syndrome. A positive outcome was observed in terms of pain reduction, a reduction in inpatient treatment duration by 2-3 days, and extended remission periods. For this category of patients, primary prevention should focus on weight loss, increased physical activity, and normalization of metabolic disorders.

Modeling Of Mask Detection Systems, Distance Between Objects And Facial Recognition Using The Tiny-YOLOV4 Method, Convolutional Neural Network, And Viola Jones

The development of technology is currently increasing very rapidly, the latest technology such as Face Detection and Face Recognition in public facilities has been widely applied, such as cameras for attendance, facial detection devices as mobile phone security and various other new innovations in the field of technology. The purpose of creating this model is to determine the distance, and the use of masks in public places and to determine the performance when the two algorithms between Tiny-YOLOV4 and Viola Jones are combined. This method uses CPU testing with a clock speed of 2.9 GHz and GPU with a clock speed of 1590 MHz with an accuracy level of 92.6% for mask object detection and 90.67% for face recognition with a maximum distance in front of the camera for human detection is 830 centimeters, mask detection 730 centimeters, and face recognition 530 centimeters. The results of the study produced an accuracy of 92.6% for mask detection and an accuracy of 90.67% for face recognition at maximum distances of 730 cm and 530 cm respectively. The conclusion shows that this system is effective for detecting masks, faces, and distance, providing a significant tool for monitoring compliance in public spaces. Implementing this system can serve as a preventive measure for potential future pandemics

Cyber Dating Violence: How Is It Perceived in Early Adolescence?

Background: Reports on cyber dating violence in adolescent populations vary significantly depending on whether the focus is on directly aggressive behaviours or behaviours designed to control one’s partner. In contrast to direct aggression, which is often clearly identified by adolescents, there is a greater degree of ignorance, and even a certain degree of normalisation, of controlling behaviours. Such behaviours may include, for example, insisting on knowing the whereabouts of a partner at all times or sharing social media passwords. This study aims to explore adolescent perceptions of cyber dating violence and to identify the differential characteristics of cyber-violent relationships using the Iramuteq software program for text analysis. Methods: Participants were 466 second- and third-year secondary school students. Data were collected through surveys, and responses were analysed using the Iramuteq program. This software tool enabled the identification of common terms and themes linked to cyber dating violence, as perceived by participating adolescents. Results: The analyses revealed the repeated appearance of terms associated with violent behaviours, online media, toxic relationships, and victim coercion. However, there was a notable lack of recognition of controlling behaviours as a manifestation of cyber dating violence. Adolescents frequently normalised behaviours such as insisting on knowing a partner’s whereabouts at all times or sharing social media passwords. Conclusions: The findings suggest a significant gap in adolescents’ understanding of what constitutes cyber dating violence. In contrast to direct aggression, which is easily identified, controlling behaviours are often normalised, indicating a need for educational and preventive measures to address this issue. By improving adolescents’ understanding of controlling behaviours as a form of cyber dating violence, preventive efforts can be more effectively tailored to address and mitigate this problem. To prevent the normalisation of certain behaviours indicative of cyber dating violence, early education is recommended in areas such as healthy relationships, communication skills, respect for privacy, and recognition of signs of excessive control.

The Trend of Modifiable Risk Factors of Ischemic Heart Disease in Pakistan from 2000 To 2022

Ischemic Heart Disease is the leading cause of mortality in Pakistan. It is cause by myocardial ischemia. Most cases of myocardial ischemia are as a result of coronary artery atherosclerosis. There are Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis. Here we discuss the trend of modifiable risk factors in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022. A Secondary analysis was conducted to find the trend of Modifiable risk factors and its relation with ischemic heart disease in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022. For this purpose, Literature review was performed using google scholar and PubMed, Data on trends of these risk factors was obtained from WHO Pakistan website. The trend of modifiable factors of ischemic heart disease, namely Tobacco smoking, Obesity, Alcohol consumption and Hypertension has been increasing in Pakistan, except for Tobacco smoking. Proper preventive measures must be taken to counter this specific death rate. This may include mass Health education, Health promotion, Dietary changes, and lifestyle changes.