Prevention Programs Research Articles

Effect of a multicomponent school-based intervention with parental involvement on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking initiation: equity impact analysis of the TOPAS study

BackgroundAs prevalence of tobacco use falls, socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco use are increasing in many high-income countries. Evidence is lacking on the effect of preventive interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in...

Make the Right Call: formative evaluation for a water safety programme for adults in Western Australia.

Preventing drowning in adults is a complex, multifaceted injury prevention issue. The adult drowning rate in Australia is continuing to rise. In 2023, more than half of those who drowned were aged over 45 years. While there has been a call for robust, evidence-informed drowning prevention interventions across the life course, evidence of evaluated, drowning prevention programmes for adults is lacking. For more than a decade, drowning prevention researchers and practitioners in Western Australia (WA) have worked in partnership to design and evaluate evidence-informed programmes. This paper describes formative research to develop 'Make the Right Call' (MTRC), an adult water safety programme in WA. A staged, mixed-methods, formative evaluation was undertaken to inform the design of MTRC. The approach involved cluster analysis of coronial data 2008-2018 (n = 93), interviews with adults aged 45-64 years (n = 10) and 65 years and older (n = 15), theory mapping, survey design, content and face validity testing of a baseline questionnaire with content experts (n = 11) and a refined instrument to collect knowledge, and data on norms and water-based activity. The subsequent MTRC programme comprised a media campaign, community swimming and safety classes, lifejacket trade-in, subsidised first-aid training and community education. The results of each stage informed the design and evaluation of a new evidence-informed and theory-driven drowning prevention programme for adults aged 45 years and older, delivered by the peak drowning prevention agency in WA, Royal Life Saving Western Australia. An investment in mixed-methods research by the partnership added rigour and credibility to the programme and evaluation design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first adult water safety programme to apply a theory-driven, evidence-informed approach to its development, implementation and evaluation. The partnership was vital in maximising and accelerating the acceptable transfer of results to enhance knowledge creation and, ultimately, the design of the MTRC drowning prevention programme.

Creating an Environment Free from Sexual Violence Against Women and Children Within the Cultural Values of Mitawe in West Sulawesi

This research aims to create an environment free from sexual violence against women and children in West Sulawesi Province through the application of Mitawe cultural values. The Mitawe culture, which emphasizes politeness, respect, and dignity, is seen as an important tool in preventing sexual violence within the Mandar community. The research method used is empirical law, involving observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders and community leaders, as well as document analysis from the Office of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning (DP3AP2KB) of West Sulawesi Province. The research findings show that Mitawe values can be effectively integrated into sexual violence prevention programs through various interventions carried out in local communities. The implementation of these values has successfully raised public awareness about the importance of respecting the rights of women and children, as well as reducing the incidence of sexual violence in several districts. Moreover, collaboration with DP3AP2KB has enabled the implementation of more structured and sustainable prevention strategies, including training for victim advocates and public awareness campaigns. This research also found that strengthening local cultural values, such as Mitawe, can be an effective approach in creating a safer society free from sexual violence. These findings provide a foundation for developing more inclusive and culturally sensitive policies in the effort to protect women and children in West Sulawesi.

Effectiveness of a health promotion program on overweight in vulnerable children from primary schools (BeE-school): A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease with rising global prevalence. Considering its significant association with lower socioeconomic status, implementing obesity prevention programs in vulnerable school-age children is particularly pertinent. This cluster-randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program on overweight in vulnerable children from primary schools. The BeE-school study involved 735 children (51.7% boys, average age 7.7 (1.2) years old) from 10 primary schools in the Northern region of Portugal, identified as Educational Territories for Priority Intervention. After the initial assessment, the schools were randomized into two groups: one receiving the intervention (4 schools, n = 353) and the other not (6 schools, n = 382). The intervention included education and training teachers for 16 weeks, their implementation in the classroom, and giving families challenges every two weeks during this length of time. The program's effectiveness was assessed short-term, immediately post-intervention (for 95.5% of participants) and long-term, one year after (for 50.8%). We considered the difference in BMI z-scores (BMIz), waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-weight ratio, from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up assessment. In post-intervention, intervened children presented a significant reduction in all the three measures of adiposity: BMIz (B = -0.098, 95% CI: -0.156 to -0.040, p = 0.001), waist-to-height ratio (B = -0.007, 95% CI: -0.010 to -0.003, p < 0.001) and waist-to-weight ratio (B = -0.121, 95% CI: -0.193 to -0.048, p = 0.001). One year after the intervention ended the decrease in BMIz remained significant (B = -0.114, 95% CI: -0.213 to -0.015, p = 0.023). Conclusion: The school-based intervention, focusing on teacher training in health promotion and involving families, proved to be effective in improving body composition in socially vulnerable children.

Practice and evaluation of the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program incorporating dialogue

Objective This study aimed to examine the practice and evaluation of the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program incorporating dialogue conducted as part of a comprehensive suicide prevention project.Methods To provide individual support for suicide prevention, supporters' flexibility should be improved. The Niigata City Mental Health Center aims to improve traditional lecture-based human resource development programs for suicide prevention. In fiscal year (FY) 2017, we developed a "Gatekeeper Training Textbook for Suicide Prevention" that incorporates dialogue. Training programs using this textbook have been conducted since FY 2018. A self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 975 participants in training programs from FY 2018-2022. The survey included the type of institution, understanding of responding to suicide risk, decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk, and opinions and impressions of the programs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the difference in the proportions of decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk by institutions was examined. Descriptions of the program's learning and awareness were analyzed qualitatively.Results There were 761 (78.1%) respondents. Regarding their understanding of responding to suicide risk, 95.9% of the respondents answered, "I understood better." Questions about the decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk revealed that youth- and child-rearing support institutions scored higher than other institutions, whereas school-related institutions scored lower than other institutions regarding the rate of decrease in "2; asking individuals who have self-harmed about their wounds," "4; appropriately assessing the urgency of suicide risk," "6; asking about their desire to die," and "7; asking about their plans to commit suicide." Comments and opinions about the program were divided into four categories.Conclusion We have developed a new method for suicide prevention gatekeeper training that incorporates dialogue and involves training with various community supporters. The number of respondents who answered that the difficulty decreased regarding receptive responses and cooperation with other institutions increased after training. Additionally, the respondents' understanding of their responses and cooperation were reported in free-written descriptions. However, training content and evaluation methods that match each organization's characteristics should be considered because there were differences in the tendency of decreases in difficulty after training between institutions.

Firearm Injury Prevention and Survivor Interventions: A Scoping Review.

To examine components of firearm injury prevention and survivor response programs, their outcomes, and gaps in this body of research. A total of 100 publications were identified across four databases: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Scopus. Articles were screened for inclusion in the scoping review and details were extracted into an electronic table for synthesis. A total of 27 articles were included. Education on firearm injury prevention was shown to be feasible and acceptable in health care settings, including emergency departments. Firearm survivor interventions to reduce violent injury recidivism may include peer or mentored support along with case management for coordination of mental health services, vocational training, and other services to address social determinants of health. Other community initiatives to clean up abandoned lots and engage community members in creating safe neighborhoods have been shown to reduce overall gun violence. Multi-level interventions that encompass education on reducing firearm injuries, strategies to improve psychosocial conditions and access to mental health services, as well as meeting the needs of firearm injury survivors, their families, and communities, are needed. Health sector and community partnerships can lead to integrated and sustainable programs to achieve safer neighborhoods and improve psychosocial outcomes for individuals affected by gun violence and impacted communities. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

El Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg (GHQ-28): Una revisión sistemática

In order to facilitate the understanding of tools that monitor general health, we developed a systematic review of the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to determine the risk factors that explain the psychological problems that were identified in the general population. Previously, a bibliometric approach was carried out to identify research trends on the scientific literature of the GHQ-28. We use Web of Science and Scopus as information sources to retrieve scientific production on GHQ-28, from 2016 and 2021 in English and Spanish. We retrieved 45 studies obtained by search equations, including only 33 systematic review studies after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A massive increase in post-covid-19 pandemic mental health problems was identified, being reported using the GHQ-28 instrument. Common risk factors are identified that inform mental health deterioration. The instrument is useful for the early identification of symptoms and the formulation of prevention and intervention programs in favor of the mental health of the human population.

Associations Between Searching and Sending Cyberhate: The Moderating Role of the Need of Online Popularity and Toxic Online Disinhibition.

Cyberhate, also known as hate speech, has emerged as a significant global concern. Existing research suggests that adolescents are primarily involved in cyberhate as bystanders, mainly unintentionally. However, there is growing evidence that some adolescents intentionally search for such content. Some indications suggest that actively searching for cyberhate may align more closely with sending it than mere exposure, hinting at a potentially risky behavior. Yet, the association between cyberhate searching and sending and the factors that may influence this relation has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, the present study investigated (1) whether cyberhate searching is associated with sending and (2) whether the need for online popularity and toxic online disinhibition moderate this relation. The sample comprises 2,539 students (49.1 percent boys, 49.2 percent girls, and 1.7 percent others) aged 11-18 years (M = 14.07, SD = 1.39) from 18 middle and high schools in Spain. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess cyberhate searching and sending, the need for online popularity, and toxic online disinhibition. Results indicated that cyberhate searching is positively associated with sending. Likewise, the high need for online popularity and toxic online disinhibition have strengthened this relation. These findings suggest that searching for cyberhate constitutes a risky behavior and highlight the importance of addressing the need for online popularity and toxic online disinhibition in cyberhate prevention programs.

Evaluating the impact of rock climbing on mental health and emotional well-being in adolescents

BackgroundRock climbing (RC) has gained attention as a therapeutic tool in psychiatric settings that merges physical exertion with mental engagement. It has potential to enhance mental health, through improved self-efficacy and social interaction, making it a novel intervention for addressing anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RC as a physical activity on anxiety, depression, and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents.MethodsThe current study included 57 athletes aged 14.5 ± 1.7 years and 91 adolescents aged 13.6 ± 1.2 years, matched for age and gender, who were not professionally involved in sport. In addition to the socio-demographic form, a detailed psychiatric assessment was carried out by the child psychiatrist; using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) to detect psychiatric conditions. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were also administered to the adolescents in the study.ResultsIn the comparative analysis of the RCADS-CV outcomes between the athlete and control groups, the athletes demonstrated notably lower scores for both Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), yielding p-values of &amp;lt; 0.001 and 0.031, respectively. Although the mean scores for social phobia, OCD, panic disorder, and MDD were lower in the athlete group, the differences were not statistically significant (p &amp;gt; 0.05). In the correlation analysis, a moderately significant correlation was found between the duration of doing sport and the scale scores for SAD (p:0.010), OCD (p:0.014), and panic disorder (p:0.016). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of SDQ scores.ConclusionThese results suggest that RC, through its unique combination of physical exertion and mental focus, may offer protective benefits against certain anxiety disorders among adolescents. Further studies should be conducted to explore the potential use of RC as a preventive program for both healthy adolescents, as well as those with psychiatric disorder.

Influence of Health Literacy on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Coronary artery disease is a chronic condition that requires continuous adherence to healthy behaviors. Adhering to physical activity and reducing prolonged sedentary behavior are important for the physical health of older patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Health literacy is increasingly recognized as a key factor in secondary prevention for these patients. However, evidence regarding the associations among health literacy, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors for secondary prevention in older patients with coronary artery disease remains limited. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of limited health literacy and the influence of health literacy on physical activity and sedentary behaviors in older patients with CAD. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from May to December 2022 in South Korea. A total of 186 patients aged 65 and older diagnosed with coronary artery disease participated. Data on health literacy, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were collected through self-reported questionnaires and electronic medical records. The prevalence of limited health literacy in older patients was 66.7%. Hierarchical linear regression revealed that health literacy was a significant determinant of physical activity (β = -0.50, P < .001) and sedentary behaviors (β = 0.58, P < .001) after adjusting for confounding variables. Our main findings showed that health literacy can facilitate improvements in physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Health literacy can facilitate health decisions for secondary prevention in older patients with CAD. Thus, healthcare professionals should assess patient health literacy and illness severity when designing secondary prevention programs.

Prevalence of mental health problems in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT HIV remains a significant public health concern, with an estimation of 39 million people infected. There is a lack of universally accepted benchmarks for prevalence of mental health problems among people living with HIV. We aimed to compute aggregate estimates of mental health problems among people living with HIV. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Our inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed cross-sectional or longitudinal studies conducted in any country that investigated people living with HIV and provided data allowing us to determine the prevalence of mental health problems. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the combined prevalence of mental health problems among people living with HIV and consider predefined moderators by subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Our initial search identified 31 407 records. After removing the duplication and excluding ineligible records, 240 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Six commonly reported mental health problems were identified (depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress disorder, stigma, and psychological distress). The pooled prevalence was 31% (95% CI 28–34) for depression, 29% (24–34) for anxiety, 20% (17–24) for suicidal ideation, 20% (13–28) for post-traumatic stress disorder, 47% (40–55) for stigma, 44% (31–56) for psychological distress. After considering predefined moderators, the heterogeneity was still observed. A high prevalence of mental health problems was observed among people living with HIV. Effective prevention and treatment programs can alleviate symptoms and promote mental health. This, in turn, can have a positive impact on all aspects of HIV management, leading to improved overall health outcomes for people living with HIV.

Integrating an industrial hygienist into the infection prevention and control program.

Integrating an industrial hygienist into the infection prevention and control program.

Overview of CHIC symposia series: Summary of Africa and South Asia symposia

This article presents an overview of the main challenges and lessons learned that were presented during the symposia organized by the Coalition to Strengthen the HPV Immunization Community (CHIC) in Africa and South Asia in 2022. Discussions at these meetings revolved around introduction, planning, implementation, and sustainability of HPV prevention and control programmes, with a particular focus in HPV immunisation, as well as cervical cancer screening in South Asian countries. This article also discusses the recently endorsed off-label single-dose HPV vaccination schedule and its potential impact on programme delivery and access. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of intersectional collaboration, effective communication and advocacy strategies, and the need for robust health information systems. Some of the critical factors identified for reducing the burden of cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) included strategies for increasing access and coverage, addressing vaccine hesitancy, and building capacity among health care providers. The symposia emphasized the importance of face-to-face interactions for collaboration and decision making, with live translation services enabling full participation by stakeholders from diverse backgrounds. The paper concludes with a call for continued collaboration to make progress in reducing the burden of cervical cancer in LMICs.

Spatial-Temporal Distribution of 12-Year Periodontal Disease Prevalence in a Large Population Using Geographical Information Systems: A Longitudinal Study.

Periodontal diseases, commonly linked to dental biofilm and affecting adults, were studied using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Kernel Analyses with epidemiological data. This paper presents a hybrid method for use in epidemiological studies by evaluating the spatiotemporal distribution of disease prevalence. This study analy ed 47,757 patients from the Department of Periodontology out of 662,351 visitors to University Faculty of Dentistry (2012 to July 2023). The central districts of Kayseri in Turkey were selected as the study areas. Periodontitis prevalence was assessed through radiographic evidence and clinical examination. Point-based location data, including gender, age, and disease type, matched household data, creating building-based spatial data. Kernel Density (KD) and Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) analyses examined patient concentration and disease types in specific regions. Accordingly, standard deviation ellipses were prepared by year to assess the spatial changes in the regions where patients resided. The study found higher periodontitis prevalence in males, increasing with age, while gingivitis decreased. After 2017, periodontitis prevalence notably declined. Location-based data exhibited clustering in patient distribution. KD maps showed similar patient distributions over the years, with more applications from areas closer to the Faculty of Dentistry. The spatial distribution of the patients applying has remained consistent over the last 5 years. Through GIS, KD maps reveal the spatial-temporal distribution of periodontitis patients. This aids in identifying high-prevalence regions and guiding strategic healthcare facility placement. Implementing preventive programs in high-demand areas, particularly in family health centers (local health facilities), can reduce community-wide periodontal disease prevalence.

Impact of Smoking on Adolescents Development

This research investigates how smoking affects cognitive development in adolescents, emphasizing both the short-term and long-term consequences of nicotine on the brain. The research highlights the significant disruption caused by nicotine to critical brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which are essential for decision-making, impulse control, and memory retention. The incidence of smoking among adolescents, particularly the rise in e-cigarette use, is attributed to targeted marketing, affordability, and accessibility. These factors exacerbate the psychological and academic challenges faced by adolescents, linking smoking to issues such as depression, anxiety, and poor academic performance. The paper emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive educational programs, parental and community involvement, and stricter regulations to curb the use of tobacco products among young people. Future research directions include establishing a causal relationship between smoking and cognitive development, conducting longitudinal studies, and integrating mental health support with smoking prevention programs. By addressing these areas, the study aims to inform public health policies and promote healthier lifestyles among adolescents.

Diabetes knowledge and behaviour: a cross-sectional study of Jordanian adults.

Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern that is projected to affect 7.7% of the global population by 2030. Understanding factors that influence diabetes knowledge and management adherence is crucial for effective diabetes mellitus management and prevention. This study investigates the relationships between demographic and clinical factors and their impact on diabetes knowledge and behaviour, as well as the potential influence of diabetes knowledge on management behaviours. The study comprised a cross-sectional survey of 1050 adults, collecting data on age, sex, marital status, education, employment, hypertension, dyslipidaemia (any lipid imbalance, such as high cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol or low HDL-cholesterol), smoking and diabetes status. Two multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with diabetes knowledge and behaviour, and a simple linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between knowledge and behaviour. Significant associations were found between diabetes knowledge and the following factors: age (44.32 ± 9.53 for ≥50 years vs 39.73 ± 9.95 for 18 to <25 years; p<0.0001), sex (49.00 ± 12.35 for women vs 45.09 ± 13.27 for men; p<0.0001), marital status (50.92 ± 11.69 for married vs 45.39 ± 13.10 for single; p<0.0001), smoking status (45.78 ± 13.22 for smokers vs 48.22 ± 12.15 for non-smokers; p=0.003), hypertension (46.46 ± 13.11 for present vs 47.31 ± 12.87 for absent; p=0.007) and diabetes status (69.49 ± 17.35 for present vs 62.76 ± 16.88 for absent; p<0.001). Behaviour scores correlated similarly with these factors except for diabetes and smoking status. The adjusted simple linear regression model revealed that diabetes knowledge was significantly associated with better management behaviours (coefficient=0.0794, p<0.001) after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. This study highlights the importance of demographic and clinical factors in the context of diabetes knowledge and behaviours, underscoring the need for targeted educational and preventive programmes to improve diabetes management, especially in vulnerable populations. Additionally, the strong association between diabetes knowledge and management behaviours supports a knowledge-attitude-behaviour (KAB) model of diabetes management.

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, treatment outcomes and associated factors among adult patients treated at public hospitals in the Harari Region of Ethiopia: retrospective cross-sectional study.

Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that pose a significant burden in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine clinical patterns, outcomes and factors associated with HSS in the Harari Region of Ethiopia. An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 93 adult patients diagnosed with HSS at public hospitals in the Harari Region from December 2018 to November 2022. Data were extracted from medical records using a standardized data extraction tool. EpiData version 4.2 and SPSS version 26.0 were used for data entry and analysis. Fisher's exact test was used to identify the association between dependent and independent variables, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. In the current study, HSS-related mortality was recorded in 7.5% of patients. Recurrent episodes of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (p=0.04), hypotension (p=0.02), altered mental status at admission (p=0.009) and antibiotic use for the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (p=0.04) were significant factors associated with HSS-related mortality. The study found that treatment outcomes of HSS patients were strongly associated with recurrent upper GI bleeding, hypotension, altered mental status and antibiotic use for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis treatment. The use of antibiotics for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis treatment was strongly associated with the treatment outcome of patients with HSS and was unique to our study. Adequate recording of patient data, improving chart keeping, integration of preventive and curative programs, improvement of the diagnostic tools, comprehensive treatment guidelines, early diagnosis and treatment are strongly recommended. Rigorous prospective studies that can fully reflect cause-and-effect relationships are crucial to fill fundamental evidence gaps.

Racial Disparities in a Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program: Abstinence-Only Versus a Comprehensive Sexuality Education Program.

Despite overall declines in risky teen sexual activity, racial and ethnic disparities persist. This study compared abstinence-only and comprehensive teen pregnancy prevention (TPP) programs to explore the effects of the programs on teen sexual activity-related outcomes that may differ by race/ethnicity. Program evaluation data were collected from 7th-grade students in comprehensive (N = 3244) and abstinence-only (N = 3172) TPP programs. Differences between outcomes by TPP program were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression for each racial/ethnic group. Black and Hispanic students were significantly less likely to indicate positive attitudes, intentions, and behaviors at baseline. Only white students significantly improved in both programs from pre- to post-assessment. Native American students in the abstinence-only program were significantly less likely than Native American students in the comprehensive sexuality programming to improve from pre- to post-assessment regarding male sexuality, refusal skills, sex and teen norms, and sexual abstinence. The findings suggest that youth of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds do not enter TPP programs with similar attitudes, intentions, or behavior regarding appropriate sexual behavior and that the impact of such programs also may vary by race and ethnicity.

Impulsivity Moderates the Association Between Hazardous Alcohol Use and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Cisgender Bisexual Women

Bisexual women report higher rates of alcohol use and risky sexual behavior than lesbian and heterosexual women. Impulsivity (i.e., action without considering negative consequences) is a risk factor for greater alcohol use and sexual behavior, but few studies have examined the impact of impulsivity on alcohol use and sexual behavior among cisgender bisexual women. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of impulsivity on the association between hazardous alcohol use and sexual risk-taking among cisgender bisexual emerging adults. Participants were 225 self-identified cisgender bisexual women (Ma ge = 22.77, SD = 3.45) who completed an online survey about their hazardous alcohol use using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), impulsivity, and sexual behaviors over the past 30 days. A moderated regression model examined main effects of impulsivity and alcohol use severity, and their interaction, on sexual risk-taking. The association between alcohol use severity and sexual risk-taking was moderated by impulsivity. Simple slopes analyses revealed that greater alcohol use severity was associated with greater sexual risk-taking, but this only occurred for participants with average or high scores of impulsivity. These results suggest prevention programs that target alcohol use should address the role that impulsivity may have on risky sexual behaviors among young bisexual women. Future research would benefit from looking at various outcomes related to sexual risk to determine which are most predominantly associated with alcohol use severity and impulsivity.

Lifestyle Coach Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Participation and Lifestyle Change Among Black and Latinx National Diabetes Prevention Program Participants

ABSTRACT Background Despite the disproportionate impact of type 2 diabetes on racial/ethnic marginalized groups, interventions have not effectively engaged and retained these populations. To effectively meet the needs of these groups, a better understanding of barriers and facilitators to lifestyle change and participation in interventions is needed. Purpose The social determinants of health (SDOH) framework was utilized to examine barriers and facilitators in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) from the perspective of Lifestyle Coaches delivering the intervention to Black or Latinx participants. Method Using an online survey, coaches reported on barriers observed among participants and strategies to facilitate engagement and retention in the National DPP. We qualitatively coded and summarized responses. Results Black and Latinx participant-serving coaches shared five of the seven most endorsed barriers. Both groups of coaches shared the same four most endorsed facilitators. Discussion Results illustrate the impact SDOH have on one’s ability to participate in diabetes prevention and enact lifestyle change, suggesting that an adapted approach may help to reach Black and Latinx participants. Translation to Health Education Practice This project informs future National DPP implementation. Competencies in the following areas are addressed: Assessment of Needs and Capacity (I), Evaluation and Research (IV), and Advocacy (V).