Prevalence Of Sleep Disorders Research Articles

Psychosomatic influences on insomnia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder with significant implications for mental and physical health. While traditionally understood through a biomedical lens, increasing evidence highlights the role of psychosomatic factors in its onset and perpetuation. This narrative review explores the relationship between psychological and somatic influences on insomnia, examining the underlying mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and treatment strategies. We discuss neurobiological pathways, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and neurotransmitter imbalances, alongside psychological factors such as anxiety, hyperarousal, and cognitive distortions. Somatic symptoms, particularly chronic pain, and other physical conditions are also regarded as integral contributors to insomnia. Diagnosis of psychosomatic insomnia requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates both psychological and physical assessments, utilizing a combination of clinical interviews, standardized questionnaires, and differential diagnostic techniques. Treatment strategies are discussed in this paper with an emphasis on cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, pharmacological interventions, and integrative approaches that address the multifaceted nature of the disorder. The review also highlights the importance of lifestyle modifications and the potential role of alternative therapies in managing insomnia. A rounded understanding of psychosomatic influences is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Future research should focus on personalized therapeutic approaches and further interpreting the complex interconnections between mind and body in the pathophysiology of insomnia. This perspective has the potential to enhance clinical practice and improve outcomes for individuals suffering from this challenging disorder.

Polysomnographic Phenotype of Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction, leading to disrupted sleep and various health complications. Positional OSA (POSA) refers to patients whose OSA severity is significantly influenced by body position, especially when lying supine. This study aimed to evaluate the polysomnographic characteristics of POSA and non-positional OSA (non-POSA) and to assess their clinical implications.Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with OSA who underwent type 1 polysomnography. Patients were categorized into POSA and non-POSA groups based on whether their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in the supine position was at least twice as high as that in the lateral position. We collected and analyzed clinical and polysomnographic parameters, including AHI, oxygen desaturation index, arousal index, nadir peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), and sleep position proportions. These were compared across different OSA severity levels—mild, moderate, and severe—to assess differences between the POSA and non-POSA groups.Results: In total, 500 patients with OSA were analyzed, of whom 63.4% were classified as having POSA. Patients with POSA exhibited milder disease severity than those without, with an average AHI of 23.3±15.3/h versus 43.9±27.9/h, respectively, and a higher nadir SpO<sub>2</sub> of 82.8%±6.6% versus 77.1%±9.8%. POSA was more common in patients with mild OSA (76.5%) and moderate OSA (72.8%), while severe OSA cases were predominantly non-POSA (POSA was 47.4%). Moreover, patients with POSA spent significantly more sleep time in the lateral position (43.8%±22.7%) than non-POSA patients (27.2%±28.2%).Conclusion: Patients with POSA generally exhibited milder disease and more favorable polysomnographic profiles than non-POSA patients. POSA is prevalent in mild-to-moderate OSA, and identifying it via polysomnography may inform tailored treatment strategies.

18. SLEEP QUALITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS AGED 15-17 IN DA NANG, 2024: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objective: (1) To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years; (2) To analyze factors associated with sleep quality in adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Among Adolescents aged 15-17 years old at Hoa Vang High School we collected 737 eligible participants for the study. Main Outcome Measures: Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Associations between Sleep quality were evaluated with multivariable conditional logistic regression controlling for gender, exercise habits, sleep hygiene habits, pressure and expectations about academic performance (parental expectations, pressure for achievement, completing homework, extra classes). Results: The sleep quality of adolescents aged 15-17 at Hòa Vang High School is alarmingly low, with PSQI scores averaging 5.5±3.3 for 10th-grade students (15 years old), 6.1±3.3 for 11th grade (16 years old), and 6.4±3.5 for 12th grade (17 years old). The findings show that 47.5% of students have poor sleep quality, with a trend of worsening sleep quality with age. Additionally, most study participants go to bed relatively late. Factors associated with poor sleep quality include being female, excessive phone use before bed, academic pressure, homework load, and hours spent on daily extra classes. Addressing this issue requires appropriate sleep education and awareness for both students and parents. Conclusion: This study indicates an alarmingly low level of sleep quality among students at Hoa Vang High School, with a significant proportion experiencing poor sleep quality, and highlights several associated factors.

Association between sleep quality and weight gain in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionThere are grounds for the hypothesis that poor sleep quality, regardless of the pre-gestational nutritional status, is a risk factor for inadequate gestational weight gain.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between sleep quality and insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain in Brazilian pregnant women without gestational complications and monitored in public prenatal care units.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort study that reviewed pregnant women’s mental health, sleep, and nutritional outcome. Data collection was carried out from May 2018 to June 2019 through face-to-face and telephone interviews and consultation of pregnant women’s medical records. Sleep quality was assessed using the Mini-sleep Questionnaire. The pregnancy weight gain was measured based on the Institute of Medicine’s recommendations. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used for the two outcomes: insufficient or excessive weight gain, using pregnant women with adequate weight gain as the reference category. Associations were considered significant when p < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of severe sleep disorders was high: 63.4% of pregnant women experienced this condition. Severe sleep disorders enhanced independently the risk of insufficient gestational weight gain (PR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.06–5.42, p = 0.035). There was no association between sleep disorders and excessive gestational weight gain.ConclusionThe hypothesis that poor sleep quality influences gestational weight gain was confirmed. Severe sleep disorders, a highly prevalent condition, significantly increased the prevalence of insufficient gestational weight gain, yet it was not associated with excessive weight gain. Thus, educational actions should be included in the preconception and prenatal periods, in order to encourage the adoption of habits that favor sleep quality, an intervention that may have positive effects in reducing insufficient gestational weight gain.

Prevalence of insomnia among university students in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta‑analysis

Abstract Background Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder affecting cognitive functions critical to academic performance. University students, particularly in high-stress academic settings, are highly vulnerable. Despite its significant impact on students' health and education, there is limited research on the prevalence of insomnia among university students in Saudi Arabia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the prevalence of insomnia among university students in Saudi Arabia, focusing on demographic variations and academic settings, to provide evidence for targeted interventions. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with additional manual searches. Inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies addressing insomnia prevalence among Saudi university students, using standard diagnostic criteria. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising data from diverse faculties, including medical and non-medical disciplines. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity. Results Eleven studies, involving a total of 8297 university students, were included in the analysis. Insomnia prevalence varied widely, ranging from 19.3% to 98.7%, with a pooled prevalence of 43.3% (95% CI 28.9–58.2%). Subgroup analyses showed a prevalence of 38.6% among medical students and 38.7% among female students. The analysis revealed high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.17%), indicating significant variability in study designs, populations, and diagnostic methods. Conclusions Insomnia is highly prevalent among university students in Saudi Arabia, with significant variations across demographics and academic contexts. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including stress management, improved sleep hygiene education, and support systems to mitigate the impact of insomnia on academic performance and overall health. Future research should explore the longitudinal impacts of insomnia and the efficacy of tailored interventions in this population.

Management of Sleep Disorders in the Elderly

Healthy elderly can adapt to physiological changes in their sleep. The prevalence of sleep disorders and insomnia in particular is high in the elderly. They are often associated with one or more somatic and/or psychiatric conditions that they aggravate. In clinical practice, it is important to assess whether the sleep complaint fits into the framework of: 1) Physiological changes in the sleep-wake cycle during the day or circadian rhythms related to aging. 2) Defective lifestyle habits. 3) A specific sleep disorder, 4) A somatic or psychiatric condition that requires specific treatment; The management of sleep disorders in elderly should not be minimized and requires rigorous and multidisciplinary management. Psychotherapies are preferred as first-line treatment. In the case where therapeutic prescription is necessary, low doses must be given, and adjusted according to the terrain and the evolution. Through this article, we will try, through the latest recommendations, to make an update on the management of these disorders in the elderly, who are a weakened terrain associating psychiatric and somatic comorbidities.

The prevalence of sleep disorders in Iranian adults - an epidemiological study

BackgroundSleep disorders can be harmful to our health and treating them can also be expensive. Due to the widespread occurrence and impact of sleep disorders, it is valuable to investigate and study them from an epidemiological perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among Iranian adults in 2022.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study that examines the prevalence of sleep disorders and problems in Iranian society. The participants were selected using a mixed sampling approach (utilizing virtual space and cluster sampling). A two-part package was used for evaluating participants sleep problems, which included a demographic profile form and the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. After collecting the data, appropriate statistical tests in SPSS version 25 were utilized for analysis.ResultsA total of 6013 questionnaires were fully filled out for this research, with participants answering the specific questions. The participants’ score on sleep disorders was 1.94, which means 44.1% of them suffer from sleep disorders. The results indicated that the prevalence of sleep disorders in this study was as follows: insomnia (35%), parasomnia (35.3%), circadian rhythm sleep disorder (38.4%), hypersomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (39%), restless leg syndrome and leg movements during sleep (43%), and breathing disorders related to sleep (38.4%). The prevalence of sleep disorders among the study participants demonstrated a significant relationship with most of their demographic variables (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient also revealed an inverse and significant relationship between the prevalence of sleep disorders in the study participants and their age, monthly household income, and BMI (P < 0.001).ConclusionOverall, the results depicted a relatively high prevalence of sleep disorders in the studied community. These findings emphasize the need for interventions to prevent and treat sleep disorders in society.

Stress mindset and nurses' sleep quality: mediating effects of stress overload and anxiety.

Previous studies have shown that overall sleep quality among Chinese nurses is relatively low, with a sleep disorder prevalence rate of approximately 66.4%. Against the backdrop of healthcare reforms, China has been striving to improve the mental health and sleep quality of nurses. Stress mindset can influence how individuals respond to stress, but there is limited research on how stress mindset affects nurses' sleep quality. This study aims to explore the impact of stress mindset on sleep quality among nurses, as well as the mediating roles of stress overload and anxiety in this relationship. The study was conducted online using a questionnaire from February 18 to February 22, 2024. It utilized the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM), the Stress Overload Scale-Short (SOS-S), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to survey 441 nurses in three regions of China: Chongqing, Hunan, and Shandong (M = 34.39, SD = 7.82, 95.7% female). A chain mediation model was employed to examine the mediating roles of stress overload and anxiety in the relationship between stress mindset and sleep quality. The participants' average sleep quality score was 7.18 ± 3.47. Nurses' stress mindset was significantly negatively correlated with both stress overload and anxiety, and significantly positively correlated with sleep quality. Stress overload was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality. Anxiety was also significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality. The direct effect of nurses' stress mindset on sleep quality was significant (effect size = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.01), as were the indirect effects through stress overload (effect size = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.01) and anxiety (effect size = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.05), along with their chain mediation effect (effect size = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.06). Our study demonstrates that a higher level of nurses' stress mindset is associated with better sleep quality, with stress overload and anxiety mediating this relationship. A positive stress mindset helps nurses cope more effectively with professional challenges and reduces anxiety, leading to improved sleep quality. Healthcare institutions should therefore prioritize fostering positive stress mindsets in nurses, encouraging regular psychological training and workshops to support the development of effective coping strategies.

Quality measure for screening for adult obstructive sleep apnea by primary care providers: 2024 update after measure maintenance.

Lloyd RM, Crawford T, Donald R, etal. Quality measure for screening for adult obstructive sleep apnea by primary care providers: 2024 update after measure maintenance. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(11):1819-1822.

Unravelling the sleep crisis: insomnia among medical students in government and private medical college students in Mysuru district

Background: Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, significantly impacts medical students due to the high levels of stress and demanding academic schedules. The educational environment of medical students, marked by intense competition and high expectations, often contributes to chronic stress, a known precursor to sleep disturbances. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of insomnia among medical students in government and private medical colleges and assess the factors contributing to insomnia in these groups. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 490 medical students from government and private medical colleges over three months (April to June 2024). Systematic sampling was used to select participants, and data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic information and the Athens insomnia scale. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 26.0, with chi-square tests for qualitative data and Mann-Whitney U tests for insomnia comparisons. Results: The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia in private medical college students (40.8%) compared to government college students (11.8%). Significant associations were found between insomnia and insufficient sleep, stress, and depression in both groups. Additionally, the use of mobile devices at night and irregular sleep patterns during exams were linked to higher insomnia rates. The median insomnia score was higher in private medical college students compared to government college students, indicating a statistically significant difference (p value &lt;0.05). Conclusions: Targeted interventions to improve sleep quality and mental health support are crucial for this population. Regular assessments and feedback mechanisms should be implemented to enhance the effectiveness of these interventions.

The Icehearts Europe Implementation Guide to promote a mentoring programme for youth mental health

Abstract Issue/problem In Europe, 9 million young people (10-19) suffer from mental disorders and 70% of children and adolescents with mental health problems do not receive appropriate interventions at a sufficiently early age. Moreover, during the Covid-19 pandemic a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorders was observed in the population aged 4-19 years. The Icehearts Europe project (funding: EU4Health 2022 Programme) aims to disseminate at EU level a long-term programme for supporting health and wellbeing of disadvantaged children and adolescents. It is inspired by the Finnish best practice Icehearts, a 12-year long mentoring programme. Five pilot countries (Italy, Denmark, Spain, Slovenia, Estonia) will test the model to raise European awareness of how it works and to get more countries and organisations involved. Description of the problem Icehearts Europe is a preventive mentoring programme based on team sports, recreation and school support activities, with a child-centred community approach. To facilitate its implementation, a practical guide has been developed for grassroots sport and social promotion organisations to help them implement the model in their own contexts. The guide is the result of both a multisectoral cooperation between grassroots sport, health, universities, NGOs, and qualitative study activities (bibliographic research, study visit, group work, analysis of the situation and needs of local contexts). Results From February 2024 the Icehearts Europe Implementation Guide is available in six languages at https://www.icehearts.eu/resources. It is now being adapted by the Icehearts Europe partners into an online training programme for managers. Lessons The guide has incorporated lessons learnt from the Finnish model, considered as an evidence-based approach. It contains several operational tools to implement Icehearts Europe and can be adopted using different approaches: there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Key messages • Developed as a support to the Icehearts Europe piloting partners and as a basis for a fully-fledged online training programme for future Icehearts Europe managers. • To facilitate the implementation of early interventions to promote health and wellbeing of children and adolescents and enable them to cope with disadvantaged conditions.

Brainstem changes causing reversible RBD in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a longitudinal neuroimaging study.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and longitudinally assess the effects of epidural blood patch (EBP) treatment on brainstem structures using a neuroimaging approach. Twenty-two participants (10 SIH patients and 12 controls) underwent 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. Midbrain and pons areas were measured on T1-weighted scans at baseline in both groups and three months after the first EBP in SIH patients to determine any MRI structural changes. The RBD Single-Questionnaire was used to screen SIH patients with symptoms suggestive of RBD for polysomnographic (PSG) recording. Half of the SIH patients (5/10) exhibited PSG-confirmed RBD. Baseline evaluation revealed deep brain swelling (DBS) on MRI scans in SIH-RBD patients. Following EBP treatment, significant changes in midbrain and pons morphometry were associated with complete clinical remission of RBD. Cross-sectional analysis showed larger midbrain and pons areas in SIH patients (with and without RBD) compared to controls. A midbrain area of 200 mm2 was identified as a cut-off value distinguishing SIH patients (with and without RBD) from controls individually. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated lower midbrain areas at follow-up compared to baseline in SIH patients. The study suggests that brainstem morphometric changes may underlie reversible RBD in SIH patients. Midbrain area measurement could serve as a dynamic biomarker for SIH, particularly in the presence of RBD, offering insights for clinical practice.

Social and environmental determinants of sleep health disparities

Abstract Sleep is not equitable. Historically minoritized individuals have a high prevalence of sleep disorders and adverse sleep health. Research supports that social determinants of health are contributing to sleep health inequities. Further, sleep is socially patterned. Neighborhoods with high rates of crime, violence, disadvantage, pollution, inopportune light exposure, and noise, where historically minoritized individuals are most likely to live are associated with adverse sleep health and sleep disorders. Social determinants including discrimination, racism, socioeconomic status, lack of access to care are associated with adverse sleep health, particularly among minoritized individuals. While there is an abundance of evidence identifying risk factors for adverse sleep health, evidence also supports factors that promote healthy sleep. A small but growing literature supports that neighborhood social environment is associated with healthy sleep and may be avenue for addressing sleep disparities. Dr. Johnson will present epidemiologic data on the social and environmental determinants of adverse sleep health using a socioecological framework and discuss the mechanisms by which these factors are contributing to sleep disparities. The goal is to identify these factors, and how they can be utilized to address sleep health disparities.

Frequency of Sleep Disorders in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

The quality of life of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory illness, is greatly impacted by sleep disturbances that are often experienced in conjunction with the condition. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the prevalence of sleep problems in RA patients as well as their relationship to patient demographics and disease severity. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to evaluate sleep disturbances and structured questionnaires were used to gather data. Demographic characteristics and the severity of the RA condition were also assessed. using a significance threshold set at p<0.05, Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the relationship between sleep problems and the severity of RA illness in the statistical studies carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26 (IBM Corp.,Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 385 RA patients were included in the study. Among them, 38.96% (n=150) reported insomnia, 18.18% (n=70) suffered from sleep apnea, and 15.58% (n=60) experienced restless legs syndrome. Poor sleep quality was prevalent in 75.32% (n=290) of participants, as assessed by the PSQI. Notably, a significant association was found between insomnia and moderate disease activity (n=55; p<0.001), while sleep apnea was most frequently observed in patients with low disease activity (n=27; p=0.003). Additionally, restless legs syndrome was predominantly seen in those with moderate disease activity (n=26; p=0.002), highlighting the complex relationship between RA severity and sleep disturbances. The high prevalence of sleep disorders in RA patients, particularly insomnia and sleep apnea, is significantly associated with disease severity, highlighting the need for targeted management strategies.

Risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the developmental age

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent respiratory sleep disorder in children, associated with severe health consequences, including hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, and neurocognitive impairment. Despite extensive research on OSAS in adults, the risk factors for pediatric OSAS remain underexplored. Objective: This literature review aims to identify and present the key risk factors associated with pediatric OSAS based on contemporary studies. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted for literature published between 2016 and 2024. Search terms included “obstructive sleep apnea,” “children,” and “risk factors.” A total of 93 relevant studies were reviewed after excluding non-pediatric and irrelevant papers from an initial pool of 283. Results: The most commonly identified risk factors for pediatric OSAS include adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, craniofacial abnormalities, and asthma. Additional risk factors such as allergic rhinitis, recurrent upper respiratory infections, nasal stenosis, congenital diseases, low vitamin D levels, and preterm birth were also noted. Conclusion: Pediatric OSAS is influenced by multiple factors, including anatomical, physiological, and genetic components. Further research is required to explore emerging risk factors, such as role of vitamin D deficiency and microbiota, and to clarify the impact of variables like ethnicity and breastfeeding.

Sleep quality and sex-related differences in an older adult population: a web-based cross-sectional study

Introduction: Aging has significant economic and social implications leading to an increase in chronic diseases and reduced autonomy of the elderly. Sleep disorders are common in the elderly, manifesting reduced sleep quality. Objective/Purpose: The study aimed to measure the prevalence of sleep disorders in older adults and assess sex differences in sleep quality and sleep problems. Method: A cross-sectional study based on an online survey was performed according to the STROBE checklist, using pre-validated questionnaires (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) distributed to a sample of older adults. This is the first study evaluating sex differences in sleep quality and problems in the Italian population context using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index assessment tool. The study was conducted in a university hospital in Rome from October 2020 to November 2020, on patients aged &gt;65 years, independent in activities of daily living, with comorbidities and on treatment with up to 2 medications. Results: 59 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 71.12 years. The results show that among males, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 51.9%, while among females, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 62.5%. According to Shapiro-Wilk, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was not normally distributed. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total scores in males did not differ significantly from females. Conclusions: Considering scientific literature, recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of sleep disorders in the elderly population and their underreporting. Providing early intervention not only improves the sleep quality of these people but may also reduce the risk of experiencing adverse health outcomes and susceptibility to frailty.

Does the volume of physical exercise influence sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia?

To investigate the association between the volume of exercise and the quality of sleep in patients with fibromyalgia. This is a cross-sectional study carried out from 2010 to 2019 in patients over 18 years old from the research project at a university in Brazil. Instruments related to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, physical exercise, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied. Participants were classified as inactive, insufficiently active, or active. In the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. Binary logistic and multinomial regression were also performed. The majority of participants were physically inactive and had poor sleep quality; 68.3% with poor sleep quality were inactive. In the analysis of the difference between the three groups, sleep latency (time it takes to fall asleep) (p=0.00) and total PSQI (p=0.04) were significantly different. When the analysis was performed between active and inactive individuals, significant differences were found in sleep latency (p=0.02), daytime dysfunction (difficulties in performing daytime tasks due to poor sleep quality) (p=0.02), and the total PSQI (p=0.02). Binary logistic regression with crude analysis showed that inactive participants are 4.3 times more likely to have poor sleep quality when compared to active participants (odds ratio = 4.311; 95% confidence interval 1.338-13.888; p=0.014). Multinomial regression analysis showed that being physically active can be a protective factor. There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders and insufficient practice of physical exercise among patients with fibromyalgia. It is suggested that regular physical exercise may be related to sleep quality, and more active participants have fewer sleep disorders, with exercise being a protective factor.

Sleep quality in secure psychiatric healthcare: Inpatient & staff perspectives

The lived experiences of psychiatric inpatients are not well represented in the literature, especially when these experiences pertain to health. Reports regarding sleep health are particularly sparse, despite the increasing prevalence of sleep disorders in this population. The current study aimed to explore inpatient and staff perspectives of inpatient sleep quality to aid the future development of a sleep quality intervention. Fourteen inpatients (average age 43 years, 36 % female) were recruited for individual interviews and eleven staff members were recruited for three focus groups, from a secure psychiatric hospital (England). A semi-structured interview guide facilitated discussions regarding the prevalence and type of inpatient sleep problems, existing support for inpatient sleep problems including medication, and the bidirectional relationships between nighttime sleep and daytime behaviours, such as napping and physical activity. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were developed: Irregular Sleep Schedules, Nighttime Disruptions, The Patient's Bedroom, and Keeping a Routine & Staying Physically Active. Study results can be utilised when developing inpatient sleep interventions, which were identified within the study as being sorely needed. Such interventions could focus on managing daytime sleeping, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity, in order to support good sleep hygiene, foster regular sleep/wake cycles, and improve overall health.

Prevalence of sleep disturbances in endometriosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study systematically analyzes the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with endometriosis. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Internet Database (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched from their establishment to January 2024, using the search terms endometriosis and sleep disturbance to collect relevant literature on the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with endometriosis. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. The prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with endometriosis was systematically analyzed using Stata17.0 software. Sixteen studies with 2573 participants were included. The prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with endometriosis was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 60.7%~80.9%). The said prevalence was higher in China than in Iran and the European countries (78.2 vs. 57.6 vs. 64.4, Q=9.27, P=0.010) and increased significantly since 2018 (79.0 vs. 61.3, Q=3.97, P=0.046). This prevalence was significantly higher in the cohort study than that in cross-sectional and case-control studies (84.0 vs. 74.0 vs. 59.5, Q=7.16, P=0.028). The prevalence of sleep disturbance is high in patients with endometriosis, particularly in China and its prevalence has increased significantly in recent years. Appropriate interventions are recommended to effectively prevent or minimize sleep disturbances in patients with endometriosis.

Antioxidants and the risk of sleep disorders: results from NHANES and two-sample Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundSleep disorders have emerged as a major public health concern. Observational research indicates that antioxidants might mitigate the risk of sleep disturbances, yet the causal relationship remains uncertain.Materials and methodsThis study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011 to 2018, focusing on adults who reported sleep disorders. The analysis included 25,178 American adults. We examined the association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and the prevalence of sleep disorders. Additionally, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the potential causal link between CDAI and the risk of sleep disorders.ResultsAnalysis of data from the 2011–2018 NHANES survey revealed a significant negative association between CDAI and sleep disorders (OR = 0.854, 95% CI 0.821–0.888, P &amp;lt; 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model showed that each unit increase in CDAI corresponded to a 14.6% reduction in sleep disorder risk, exhibiting a nonlinear trend where the risk decreased until reaching the inflection point of −0.134. Additionally, MR analysis demonstrated that genetically determined selenium reduces the risk of OSA (OR = 0.992, 95% CI 0.860–0.989, P = 0.023). Furthermore, vitamin E (γ-tocopherol) and vitamin C were protective against sleep-wake disorders (OR = 0.016, 95% CI 0.001–0.674, P = 0.03) and (OR = 0.049, 95% CI 0.007–0.346, P = 0.002), respectively.ConclusionDietary antioxidants may help prevent sleep disorders. However, further studies are required to clarify the pathways through which antioxidants exert this protective effect.