Prevalence Of Sleep Disorders Research Articles

Sleep Disturbances and Co-sleeping in Italian Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The current study aimed (1) to provide an analysis of the frequency and prevalence of sleep disturbances in a large Italian sample of children and adolescents with ASD, detecting specific predictors of the presence/absence of sleep disorders, (2) to examine the phenomenon of co-sleeping within a subgroup of participants with ASD. A total of 242 children and adolescents with ASD (194 males, mean age 5.03 ± 3.15years) were included. After the diagnostic procedure, caregivers were requested to complete the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) to assess sleep disorders among participants. The presence of co-sleeping was investigated in a subgroup of 146 children and adolescents with ASD. An elevated or clinically relevant global score for sleep disorders (≥ 60) was found in 33% of participants. The most prevalent sleep disorder in our group was related to difficulties with sleep onset and sleep maintenance (~ 41% of cases). Sleep disturbances were predicted by higher intelligence quotient (IQ)/developmental quotient (DQ), increased internalizing problems, and elevated parental stress. The subgroup of participants engaged in co-sleeping (N = 87) were younger and had lower IQ/DQ scores, reduced adaptive functioning, and diminished psychological wellbeing than the non-co-sleeping group. Our findings are consistent with the current literature highlighting that insomnia is the most widespread sleep problem associated with ASD. The relationship between IQ/DQ and sleep alterations is a crucial topic that deserves additional research. Future studies should assess sleep by objective measures such as EEG topography to better understand the mechanisms underlying sleep alterations in this neurodevelopmental disorder.

The Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI): Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version.

Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder. It is the most frequent sleep complaint among Higher Education students. The Sleep Condition Indicator is a self-report tool aimed at assessing insomnia based on the DSM-5 criteria. The principal goal of this study was to establish preliminary psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Sleep Condition Indicator in a sample of Higher Education students. Data from a diverse pool of Higher Education students (N = 537) were collected online over a month. Most participants were women (75%) and aged approximately 27 years. The Sleep Condition Indicator demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.85), with all the items accounting significantly for the scale reliability. The most appropriate factor structure considering the ordinal nature of the items was unidimensional, with all items explaining 64% of the total variance. However, a two-factor structure (sleep pattern and sleep-related impact) was also plausible when other statistical estimators were used. The Sleep Condition Indicator correlated significantly with insomnia severity, vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance, and self-reported daytime sleepiness. The optimal cut-off point established based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was ≤ 16. A short version comprising only two items was also viable as suggested by the literature. The Sleep Condition Indicator is a reliable and valid tool for screening for insomnia. More studies with other groups are now required, specifically with clinical samples.

Association between yogurt and dietary supplements containing probiotic consumption with sleep disturbance in US adults: Results from NHANES, 2009–2018

PurposeSleep disorders are common globally. Probiotics may improve human microbial diversity, offering potential benefits for sleep disturbances by enhancing sleep quality and reducing disorders. We aimed to use a population-based study to investigate the association between yogurt (a probiotic food) and probiotic consumption with sleep disturbances in US adults. MethodsA total of 49,693 adults from the 2009–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in the analyses. Sleep disorders and sleep duration were assessed according to the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. The Dietary Questionnaire evaluated yogurt and dietary supplements containing probiotic consumption. After adjusting for confounding factors, weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used to assess the association between yogurt and probiotic consumption and sleep status. ResultsOf the study cohort, 3535 (14.24 %) participants consumed yogurt and/or dietary supplements containing probiotics. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 16.22 %. Only 53.51 % of the participants achieved the recommended amount of sleep (7–9 h), with 6.10 % and 33.48 % having excessive and insufficient sleep duration, respectively. Weighted Logistic regression models indicated a significant association of probiotic intake with a decreased risk of sleep disturbances compared with those without yogurt or probiotic consumption after adjustments. (For sleep disorders: OR: 0.96, 95 % CI 0.94–0.98, P < 0.001; for sleep duration: OR: 0.98, 95 % CI 0.96–1.00, P = 0.081) Moreover, the effect size of the probiotic intake on sleep was especially significant in sex, race, and BMI subgroups. ConclusionThe present study first indicated that yogurt and probiotic consumption were associated with a reduced risk of sleep disturbances in US adults, particularly among males, whites, and those with a normal BMI. Incorporating yogurt or probiotics into the diet could serve as a public health strategy for improving sleep disturbances, though further investigation into the underlying mechanisms is needed.

Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Updated Review

Abstract Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to disrupted breathing patterns and intermittent hypoxemia. This review synthesizes current literature on pediatric OSA, covering epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. OSA affects 1%–5% of children, with adenotonsillar hypertrophy as a primary cause. The interplay of anatomical and neuromuscular factors contributes to OSA pathophysiology. Clinical manifestations include snoring, witnessed apneas, and daytime sleepiness, although diagnosis can be challenging due to varied symptoms. Diagnostic methods encompass clinical assessment and polysomnography, while management strategies range from adenotonsillectomy to continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Early recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent complications and optimize outcomes in pediatric OSA. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic approaches and enhance treatment efficacy for this significant pediatric health concern.

Prevalence and influencing factors of sleep disorders in medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, fewer studies have been conducted on sleep disorders among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the prevalence and factors influencing sleep disorders among Chinese medical students after COVID-19.MethodsA total of 1,194 Chinese medical students were included in this study from 9th to 12th July 2023. We used the Self-administered Chinese scale to collect the demographic characteristics. In addition, we used the Chinese versions of the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess subjects’ depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, respectively. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to identify factors influencing sleep disorders. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the predictive value of relevant variables for sleep disorders.ResultsWe found the prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students after COVID-19 was 82.3%. According to logistic regression results, medical students with depression were 1.151 times more likely to have sleep disorders than those without depression (OR = 1.151, 95% CI 1.114 to 1.188). Doctoral students were 1.908 times more likely to have sleep disorders than graduate and undergraduate students (OR = 1.908, 95% CI 1.264 to 2.880).ConclusionThe prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students is high after COVID-19. In addition, high academic levels and depression are risk factors for sleep disorders. Therefore, medical colleges and administrators should pay more attention to sleep disorders in medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Regular assessment of sleep disorders and depression is essential.

Peripheral macrophages contribute to nociceptor priming in mice with chronic intermittent hypoxia.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that is associated with increased incidence of chronic musculoskeletal pain. We investigated the mechanism of this association in a mouse model of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) that mimics the repetitive hypoxemias of OSA. After 14 days of CIH, both male and female mice exhibited behaviors indicative of persistent pain, with biochemical markers in the spinal cord dorsal horn and sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia consistent with hyperalgesic priming. CIH, but not sleep fragmentation alone, induced an increase in macrophage recruitment to peripheral sensory tissues (sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia), an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the circulation, and nociceptor sensitization. Peripheral macrophage ablation blocked CIH-induced hyperalgesic priming. The findings suggest that correcting the hypoxia or targeting macrophage signaling might suppress persistent pain in patients with OSA.

Mirtazapine in Primary Insomnia: Case report and Literature review

Introduction: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or achieving restorative sleep, despite adequate opportunities. This condition often results in significant daytime impairments, including fatigue, concentration difficulties, and irritability. Insomnia can be primary or comorbid with other disorders such as anxiety or depression. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old woman presented with severe and chronic insomnia, persisting for 14 years with recent exacerbation. Her symptoms included significant difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep, resulting in an average of only 3-4 hours of sleep per night and complete sleep deprivation for periods exceeding half an hour over the past 5 days. This sleep deficit led to pronounced emotional instability, physical discomfort, and reduced appetite, although suicidal ideation was absent. She had a past history of drug use for different psychiatric illnesses. She was started on mirtazipine 30mg and showed abrupt improvement in her symptoms. She was discharged afterwards. Discussion: The patient's chronic insomnia and its secondary effects necessitate a comprehensive treatment approach. Mirtazapine, an antidepressant with potent histamine receptor antagonism, has shown efficacy in improving sleep quality across diverse patient profiles. However, side effects like weight gain and sedation require careful monitoring. Combining mirtazapine with prolonged-release melatonin has demonstrated enhanced outcomes, particularly in perimenopausal women. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) remains the first-line treatment due to its efficacy and long-term benefits. Conclusion: Mirtazapine can be a valuable option in the therapeutic arsenal for primary insomnia, but ongoing research is needed to refine treatment strategies. Personalized treatment plans considering patient history and response are crucial for effectively managing primary insomnia and improving patient outcomes.

Quality measure for screening for adult obstructive sleep apnea by primary care providers: 2024 update after measure maintenance.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent respiratory sleep disorder that, when left undiagnosed or untreated, can lead to adverse outcomes. There continue to be gaps and variations in screening adults who are high risk for OSA in the primary care setting, leading to many adults in the United States going undiagnosed. As a part of the ongoing AASM quality measure maintenance initiative, the AASM Quality Measures Task Force reviewed the original screening for adult obstructive sleep apnea by primary care physicians quality measure. The measure was updated to further address the adult populations who are at high risk for OSA to ensure that the measure is consistent with the most current medical literature, increasing the likelihood that patients at high risk for OSA are properly screened for the sleep disorder.

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia and mindfulness-based stress reduction in nurses with insomnia: a non-inferiority internet delivered randomized controlled trial.

Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder frequently comorbid with mental health conditions in nurses. Despite the effectiveness of evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), there is a critical need for alternative approaches. This study investigated whether internet-delivered mindfulness-based stress reduction (IMBSR) for insomnia could be an alternative to internet-delivered CBT-I (ICBT-I). The hypothesis was that the IMBSR would be noninferior to the ICBT-I in reducing the severity of insomnia among nurses with insomnia. Additionally, it was expected that ICBT-I would produce a greater reduction in the severity of insomnia and depression than IMBSR. Among 240 screened nurses, 134 with insomnia were randomly allocated (IMBSR, n =67; ICBT-I, n = 67). The assessment protocol comprised clinical interviews and self-reported outcome measures, including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the 15-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-I). The retention rate was 55% with 77.6% (n=104) of participants completing the study. At post-intervention, the noninferiority analysis of the ISI score showed that the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval was 4.88 (P=0.46), surpassing the pre-specified noninferiority margin of 4 points. Analysis of covariance revealed that the ICBT-I group had significantly lower ISI (Cohen's d = 1.37) and PHQ-9 (Cohen's d = 0.71) scores than did the IMBSR group. In contrast, the IMBSR group showed a statistically significant increase in the FFMQ-15 score (Cohen's d = 0.67). Within-group differences showed that both the IMBSR and ICBT-I were effective at reducing insomnia severity and depression severity and improving mindfulness. Overall, nurses demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and adherence to both interventions. The IMBSR significantly reduced insomnia severity and depression, but the findings of this study do not provide strong evidence that the IMBSR is at least as effective as the ICBT-I in reducing insomnia symptoms among nurses with insomnia. The ICBT-I was found to be significantly superior to the IMBSR in reducing insomnia severity, making it a recommended treatment option for nurses with insomnia.

Acetylome Analyses Provide New Insights into the Effect of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Hypothalamus-Dependent Endocrine Metabolism Impairment

Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder resulting in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) that has been linked to metabolism and endocrine impairment. Protein acetylation, which is a frequently occurring posttranslational modification, plays pivotal roles in the regulation of hypothalamic processes. However, the effects of CIH-induced global protein acetylation on hypothalamic function and endocrine metabolism remain poorly understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a study utilizing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to analyse the lysine acetylome and proteome of the hypothalamus in healthy infantile mice exposed to 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia (as a CIH model) compared to normoxic mice (as controls). Our analysis identified and quantified 2699 Kac sites in 2453 proteins. These acetylated proteins exhibited disruptions primarily in endocrine metabolism, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), synapse function, and circadian entrainment. Additionally, we observed significant down-regulation of proteins that are known to be involved in endocrine hormone secretion. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying CIH-induced alterations in protein acetylation within the hypothalamus. By providing valuable insights into the pathophysiological processes associated with CIH and their impacts on hypothalamic function, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the consequences stemming from CIH-induced changes in protein acetylation within the hypothalamus as well as its potential role in endocrine impairment.

Bedtime music therapy for college students with insomnia: A randomized assessor-blinded controlled trial

BackgroundInsomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder in contemporary society, frequently coexists with other mental health conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sleep disorders can compromise daytime functioning and overall quality of life. While music has been explored as an adjunct therapy for insomnia, its efficacy in improving insomnia among students remains unclear. MethodsSeventy-five students, aged between 18 and 30 years with an average age of 20.97 years (SD: 1.92), presenting sleep issues were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the classical music group, the jazz music group, and the control group, each with 25 participants. Participants in the classical and jazz music group were instructed to listen to classical or jazz music for a minimum of 30 min preceding bedtime. This was paired with deep breathing and relaxation techniques, practiced two consecutive nights per week from 23:00 to 01:00 over a five-week intervention period. Conversely, participants in the control group were only directed to follow the deep breathing and relaxation techniques before sleep on two consecutive nights weekly.Insomnia severity with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI- II), and anxiety symptoms with the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Measurements were taken at baseline, after the second week of intervention, at the intervention's conclusion (five weeks), and two months post-intervention (follow-up). Results1. The music groups showed a significant difference in insomnia severity compared with the control group after five weeks of intervention(p < .05). 2. music groups exhibited significant enhancements in sleep quality relative to the control group after a five-week intervention (p < .05). 3. Regarding mood enhancement, music groups showed significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms compared to the baseline after the five-week intervention. Notably, the control group also displayed improvements in these symptoms post-intervention. Conclusion1. Integrating music into a consistent bedtime routine ameliorates sleep quality and insomnia severity. However, no specific genre of music emerged as the superior choice for pre-sleep listening. 2. While music can considerably enhance mood indicators like depression and anxiety, techniques such as deep breathing and mindfulness also contribute positively. 3. Incorporating music before sleep tangibly elevates overall quality of life and daytime functioning. Trial registrationChiCTR2300073953.

Prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional study.

Patients with advanced cancer are more susceptible to develop sleep disorders like insomnia, restlessness, hypersomnolence, and sleep apnea due to a series of stressful events and side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Poor sleep quality is associated with bad cancer outcomes and substandard quality of life. The authors assessed the prevalence of sleep disorders among advanced cancer patients in a tertiary center in Nepal. Patients with stage three and four solid malignancies were enrolled from February 2023 to July 2023 to assess their sleep status. The data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27, and subgroup exploration was done to assess the relationship of poor sleep quality with gender, marital status, malignancy type, and treatment received. An ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC). The authors evaluated data from 357 patients in the study. Of them, 58.3% were female and 41.7% were male. The mean age of the patients was 51.1 years. Among total cancer patients, 56% had significant sleep disorders. A significant association was observed between the quality of sleep and gender, type of malignancy, and treatment methods (p value <0.05). A majority of the patients demonstrated increased sleep latency, struggling to fall asleep swiftly. More than half of the patients had poor sleep, which has an adverse impact on the prognosis of the disease and quality of life of cancer patients. Therefore, this aspect of cancer management requires special consideration for better quality of life and appropriate end-of-life care.

Perceived Stress, but Not Rumination, Mediates the Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Sleep Quality in Young Adults.

Poor sleep among young adults is prevalent, yet the mediating variables are largely understudied, and there is limited relevant work utilizing objective sleep measures. The present study investigated the mediating effects of perceived stress and rumination in the relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective and objective sleep quality in young adults. A total of 170 healthy adults (aged 18-37, M = 20.8, SD = 2.9) self-reported on trait mindfulness, perceived stress, and rumination. The primary (N = 140) and secondary (N = 30) samples both completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess subjective sleep quality. The secondary sample (N = 30) additionally provided sleep diaries, as well as wrist-worn actigraphy data for assessing objective sleep quality. A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the effect of trait mindfulness on sleep quality with perceived stress and rumination as mediators. Trait mindfulness was positively associated with better subjective sleep quality; this was fully mediated by perceived stress, b = -0.08, 95% CI [-.12, -0.06]. Rumination was negatively associated with subjective sleep quality but did not mediate the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep quality, b = -0.01, 95% CI [-.03, 0.02]. Only trait mindfulness was correlated with diary-based sleep ratings, and none of the measures were associated with actigraphy-based sleep quality. This study indicates that perceived stress is an important mediator in the relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective sleep quality among young adults, rather than rumination. These findings have implications for mindfulness-based therapeutic approaches to address the high prevalence of sleep disorders among young adults, adding mechanistic detail to the literature.

Sleep disorders and diabetes mellitus. Literature review and own data

The article presents analysis of current research on sleep disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms underlying the relationship between insomnia and glycemic control are complex, as both DM can cause sleep disorders and insomnia can worsen the course of diabetes. It is well known that both short (&lt; 6 hours) and long (&gt; 8 hours) sleep durations are associated with an elevated risk of diabetes development. The reported prevalence of sleep disorders in diabetes patients ranges between 28.0% and 59.1%. Our investigation performed in Lviv with the use of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, identified that 46.2% of T2DM patients experienced sleep disorders. A comprehensive literature review also unveils association between DM and diverse sleep disorders such as insomnia, circadian rhythm disturbances, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The article furnishes insights into the classification, diagnostic principles, and treatment modalities for these disorders. Referral of patients to sleep specialists for the management of sleep disorders and the integration of sleep hygiene into diabetes care can effectively mitigate symptoms, forestall DM complications, and enhance patients’ quality of life. Circadian molecules like nobiletin, REV‑ERB agonists, and CRY stabilizers have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical studies and hold potential for the development of novel treatments for conditions associated with circadian dysregulation. Considering the frequency of detection of sleep disorders in T2DM patients according to the modern literary sources and own research, the study of this problem is important for the development of an algorithm for the examination of such patients, namely the need for endocrinologists to pay attention to the sleep status of patients and, if necessary, to refer them to somnologists. Further investigation into the etiology of sleep disorders in T2DM patients and their correlation with carbohydrate metabolism indicators exhibits promise. It is imperative to explore avenues to address these causes by complementing the primary therapy for T2DM.

Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and sleep disorders in US adults: NHANES 2005 to 2016

NHHR (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) is a novel lipid parameter. However, the association between NHHR and sleep disorders remains unknown.; A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2016. The association between NHHR and sleep disorders was explored using weighted multivariate logistic regression and generalized summation models. Subgroup analyses were employed to verify the robustness of this association. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 25.83% in a total of 22,221 participants. Compared to the lowest quartile of NHHR, participants in the top quartile had a 14% higher odds of sleep disorders prevalence in fully adjusted model (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06–1.23). After subgroup analyses and interaction tests, sex, race, marital status, education level, body mass index (BMI), person income ratio (PIR), alcohol consumption, smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were not significantly associated with this positive association (P for interaction &gt; 0.05). The NHHR is positively associated with sleep disorders in US adults. The management and monitoring of NHHR may have a potential role in improving sleep disorders.

Psychometric and structural properties of the traditional Chinese version of the sleep condition indicator for patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder among patients undergoing hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to translate the sleep condition indicator (SCI), an insomnia screening tool based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), into a traditional Chinese version (SCI-TC) and evaluate the reliability and validity of this version for patients undergoing hemodialysis. This cross-sectional study conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 involved 200 patients on hemodialysis (mean age, 65.56years; 61.5% men). Participants completed a series of questionnaires, with insomnia diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria as the gold standard. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to examine the sensitivity and specificity of the SCI-TC. According to the DSM-5 criteria, 38% of the participants had insomnia. Cronbach's alpha for the SCI-TC was 0.92. The SCI-TC exhibited a good fit as a two-factor model, and its scores were significantly associated with those of the traditional Chinese versions of the Insomnia Severity Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, EuroQol 5-Dimensions scale, and EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (r = - 0.94, - 0.53, - 0.38, 0.27, and 0.30, respectively; all p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed an optimal cutoff of 16 points, with the sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve of 88.2%, 84.7%, and 0.91(95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.95), respectively. The SCI-TC demonstrates robust reliability and validity in detecting insomnia among patients undergoing hemodialysis. These findings suggest that health-care providers should considering using the SCI as an easy-to-use tool for the timely detection of insomnia in this population.

Oral Health Implications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Literature Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. While the systemic implications of OSA are well documented, the dental consequences are less frequently discussed yet equally significant. This review aims to elucidate the oral health impacts of OSA, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary care. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases to identify studies examining the relationship between OSA and various oral health parameters. The review included observational studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published in English up to January 2024. OSA was significantly associated with heightened risks of bruxism, dry mouth, periodontal disease, temporomandibular joint disorders, palatal and dental changes, and alterations in taste sensation. Mouth breathing associated with OSA was a critical factor in exacerbating xerostomia and dental caries. Furthermore, the systemic inflammation induced by OSA appeared to correlate with the severity of periodontal disease. Patients using oral appliance therapy for OSA also showed notable changes in dental occlusion and required ongoing dental monitoring. The findings underscore the bidirectional relationship between OSA and oral health, highlighting the need for dental professionals to be integral participants in the management of OSA. Early dental evaluation and intervention can contribute to the overall health and quality of life of individuals with OSA. The review advocates for the development of clinical guidelines to facilitate the early identification and management of OSA-related oral health issues within dental practice and encourages a collaborative approach to patient care.

Association between sarcopenia and sleep disorders: a cross-sectional population based study.

Sleep disorders is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the association between sarcopenia, a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, and sleep disorders within the adult demographic of the United States during the period spanning 2011 to 2018. Diagnosis of sarcopenia and sleep disorders was ascertained through appropriate calculations and a structured questionnaire. The primary correlation analysis was conducted using a weighted multivariate logistic regression model. Furthermore, to confirm the presence of a potential non-linear association between sarcopenia and sleep disorders, additional analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression with dose-response curve analysis. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore the influence of relevant socio-demographic factors and other covariates. The final analysis encompassed 5,616 participants. Model 4, inclusive of all pertinent covariates, revealed a positive correlation between sarcopenia and sleep disorders, yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 1.732 (95% CI: 1.182-2.547; P = 0.002). Further analysis, utilizing the restricted cubic spline model, indicated a decreasing trend in sleep disorders as sarcopenia indices rose. Stratified analyses across diverse variables underscored the significant impact of sarcopenia on sleep disorders prevalence in several subgroups. Specifically, males, individuals aged 40 and above, non-Hispanic whites, those with high school education or equivalent, unmarried individuals, obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30), alcohol drinkers, former smokers, diabetics, and those engaging in less rigorous recreational activities exhibited a more pronounced association between sarcopenia and sleep disorders. The incidence of sleep disorders exhibited an upward trend as the incidence of sarcopenia declined among study participants. In summary, our study provides evidence of an association between sarcopenia and the prevalence of sleep disorders, with a negative correlation observed between the sarcopenia index and the odds ratio of sleep disorders. These findings suggest that maintaining optimal muscle mass may have a beneficial impact on sleep-related issues. In terms of exploring the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep disorders, more in-depth research is warranted to ascertain the definitive causal relationship.

112 What’s your emergency? Overview of mental health and sleep disorders among emergency medical dispatchers in a French 112 call center

BackgroundEmergency medical dispatchers (EMD) experience significant occupational stress. Medical dispatching includes call-taking, triage, dispatch, and providing callers gesture guidance to the victims. Every decision has a major impact on the patient’s outcome. Chronic exposure to stress and potentially traumatic situations, combined with night shifts can impact the stress response and physical health of staff.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of mental health and sleep disorders among EMD personnel working in a 112-call center, prior to an evidence-based prevention intervention (primary outcome); and to assess the relationship between health outcomes and DM (secondary outcome).MethodsWe conducted a descriptive, monocentric study with 109 EMD. HAD Anxiety (HAD-A) and Depression (HAD-D) scores, and the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were used to explore mental health disorders. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and other analog scales were used to explore sleep disorders. DM resources were assessed using the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), and its Presence and Acceptance subscales.ResultsA total of 72% of the EMD working in the call center were included. Of these, 16.6% had moderate anxiety disorder, and 6.4% had an anxiety disorder (Mean HAD-A: 6.05 ± 2.88). Furthermore, 16.6% had a moderate depression disorder, and 6.4% had a depression disorder (Mean HAD-D: 4.28 ± 3.28), and 16% had symptoms of PTSD (Mean PCL-5: 17.57 ± 13.67). Turning to sleep, 39% may suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and 10% had confirmed EDS (Mean Epworth score 10.47 ± 4.41). Finally, 39% had moderate insomnia, and 59% had severe insomnia (Mean insomnia: 13.84 ± 5.77.). Medium-strength negative correlations were found between mental health and DM (FMI scores and sub-scores: −0.48 < r < − 0.29; 0.001 < p < 0.004); and a positive correlation was found between DM and daytime awareness (0.22 < r < 0.26; 0.01 < p < 0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of depression, symptoms of PTSD, and sleep disorders in our sample of EMD is significant, and confirms findings reported in the literature. The EMD population may benefit from specific, multi-level interventions that target mindfulness, sleep, and ergonomics to improve their mental and physical health.

Identification of key genes and immune infiltration modulated in insomnia by integrated bioinformatics analysis and mendelian randomization study

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder in modern times, often linked to various factors. Its occurrence, in turn, can lead to the development of several diseases, such as common cardiovascular conditions like coronary heart disease and hypertension. Moreover, insomnia can significantly impact the strength of the immune system. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classifies sleep deprivation as a form of sleepiness, attributing prolonged sleepiness to Yin-Yang imbalance, resulting in Qi consumption and impairment of the five Zang-organs. Both Qi consumption and damage to the five Zang-organs mentioned in TCM research are correlated with the immune system in medical studies. Consequently, current research indicates that sleep deprivation escalates the risk of immune-related diseases. However, more research and analysis concerning immune infiltration related explicitly to insomnia are needed. Through gene differential analysis of sample files obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE208668 , we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the Insomnia and control groups. After screening these DEGs, we conducted GO and KEGG pathway analyses to identify insomnia-related gene pathways. Subsequently, I identified ten hub genes (IL2, CALML3, GATA3, EOMES, PTGS2, ESCO2, CXCL2, GPT, CRT, PRF1), and using a logistic regression model, I predicted insomnia based on the expression patterns of these ten genes. The analysis revealed that CALML3 and IL2, which showed the best performance in ROC curve analysis and had the highest degree, respectively, were selected for further investigation. Continuing the research, we further employed CIBERSORT to study immune infiltration in patients with insomnia, discovering an association between mast cells and insomnia partially correlated with the identified hub genes. In conclusion, these essential genes and immune infiltrations are relevant for treating and alleviating insomnia. Understanding these genes and immune cells could offer crucial insights for future therapeutic approaches to insomnia.