Prevalence Rate Of Insomnia Research Articles

Correlation of insomnia with perceived stress in college students

To investigate the prevalence of insomnia in college students and analyze the correlation between insomnia and perceived stress. A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and stress levels in 3702 college students using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Insomnia was detected in 31.4% of the college students, and the symptoms were more severe in male students (t=2.047, P=0.041) and in those with poorer family economic conditions (F=20.423, P<0.001). Insomnia was positively correlated with perceived stress, perceived distress, and perceived coping ability, with correlation coefficients of 0.42, 0.38, and 0.31, respectively (P<0.001). The students with higher levels of perceived stress had higher insomnia scores (F=203.03, P<0.001) and higher detection rate of insomnia (χ2=359.784, P<0.001), and those with moderate or severe insomnia also had higher levels of perceived stress (F=293.569, P<0.001). The types of perceived stress among college students included incontrollable (15.3%), nervous (8.3%), vulnerable (23.0%) and the relaxed types (53.5%). The incontrollable type was associated with the highest insomnia scores, followed by the nervous type and susceptible type, and the relaxed type had the lowest insomnia scores (F= 185.969, P<0.001). The prevalence rates of insomnia in students with the 4 types of perceived stress were 57.3%, 43.3%, 39.3%, and 18.7%, respectively (χ2=368.876, P<0.001). There is a close correlation between perceived stress and insomnia, and identification of the high-risk population for insomnia from the perspectives of perceived stress level and perceived stress type can facilitate the management and prevention of insomnia.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance among adolescents with substance use: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeSleep disturbance has become a major challenge among adolescents worldwide. Substance use is among the most common factors contributing to sleep disturbance. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence and categories of sleep disturbance among adolescents with substance use.MethodsWe comprehensively searched for relevant studies published in the following databases from inception to August 2022: CINHAL (via EBSCOhost), PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Embase, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 software. We used a random-effects model to pool prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Forest plots and p values for the Cochran Q statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to compare the groups and identify the sources of heterogeneity.ResultsWe examined 18 studies that reported insomnia, hypersomnolence, sleep-related breathing disorders as sleep disturbances among adolescents with the use of alcohol, smoking, marijuana, and coffee. The total sample was 124,554. The overall prevalence rate of sleep disturbance was 29% (95% CI: 0.201–0.403). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence rates of insomnia and hypersomnolence were higher among alcohol users (31%; 95% CI: 0.100–0.654) and smokers (46%; 95% CI: 0.232–0.700). The study design and method of assessment groups were the significant moderators that showed the source of variation in the included studies.ConclusionSleep disturbance is highly prevalent among adolescents with substance use. Insomnia and hypersomnolence are more prevalent among alcohol users and smokers, respectively. On the basis of our findings, health-care providers can develop effective targeted interventions to reduce substance use, prevent sleep disturbance, and promote healthy sleep habits among adolescents.

Effectiveness of Wudhu Therapy and Music Therapy Before Sleep on Insomnia in Adolescents

Background: Insomnia is a sleep disorder in the form of recurring difficulties falling asleep or maintaining sleep, which can reduce brain function, growth, and development, disrupt body metabolism, concentration, and productivity, and result in many, accidents in adolescents. The prevalence rate of insomnia in Indonesia is 10% of the total population and the total population of around 28 million people who experience insomnia. The high incidence rate requires attention related to appropriate interventions for insomnia in adolescents.&#x0D; Objectives: The purpose of this study was to see how effective ablution or wudhu therapy and music therapy are for adolescents with insomnia.&#x0D; Methods: This research approach is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design, namely analyzing the effect of an intervention on the sample. A sample of 38 adolescents was divided into 2 (two) groups, namely the ablution therapy group and the music therapy group. The music used as therapy is classical music.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that ablution therapy and music therapy before going to bed were effective against insomnia in adolescents, but music therapy was more effective with p=0.001, while ablution therapy had p=0.007.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results showed that ablution therapy and music therapy before going to bed were equally effective against insomnia in adolescents, but music therapy was more effective than ablution therapy. It is recommended that teenagers with insomnia do ablution therapy or music therapy to overcome their insomnia.

The Correlation of Insomnia and Anxiety in Students of The Faculty of Medicine, University of Pelita Harapan

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Insomnia and anxiety are common disorders with high prevalence rate especially in medical students. Moreover, many confounding factors playing a role in influencing anxiety. Most studies does not include or measure other confounding factors of anxiety into the analysis. This requires research which examines insomnia and anxiety assessing the contribution of the factors influencing anxiety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional study methodology with linear regression analysis on a sample of students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pelita Harapan using the DASS-21 questionnaire to assess anxiety and ISI to assess insomnia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Prevalence rates of insomnia was 34.29% and anxiety 32.38% in Pelita Harapan University medical student. From the results of the bivariate linear regression, a weak relationship between insomnia and anxiety (r = 0.322; p = 0.000) is seen. In multivariate results, there were confounding stress variables (r = 0.565; p= 0.000) and trauma (r = 0.250; p = 0.005) which contributed greatly to anxiety (In order of largest).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;There is a weak correlation and anxiety. Moreover, high prevalence rate of anxiety in medical students may be contributed heavily not only by insomnia but also stress and childhood trauma.&lt;/p&gt;

Assessment of the prevalence, risk factors of insomnia, and its effect on quality of life among young population of North region

Background: Insomnia is characterized as a complaint of inadequate sleep. Insomnia becomes a major public concern day by day which influences the quality of life of numerous individuals around the planet. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of insomnia in the general population and to determine the quality of life.Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study. Data were obtained from the general population by using a standard questionnaire, the ISI scale, and quality of life satisfaction scales were used.Results: The prevalence rate of insomnia was 33%. A total of 88 subjects had insomnia. There was an association between insomnia and life style factors at significance p value ≤ 0.05.The associated factors were profession, education, marital status, lifestyle factors such as watching TV or phone before sleep, smoking, drinking alcohol, do not walk daily, family history of psychiatric disease, medical history, and psychiatric history. The average scoring for quality of life was about 50.34 in those who did not have insomnia as compared to 38.49 in those who had insomnia.Conclusions: A one-third of the young population had insomnia. Quality of life is impaired due to insomnia. There must be education programs for young individuals to provide the information on promoting sleep.

Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.

It is generally recognized that there are sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic schizophrenia. A total of 957 patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were recruited in this cross-sectional study (male/female = 630/327). Demographic, clinical, and insomnia data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate the status of blood lipids. Psychopathological symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The prevalence rate of insomnia in female patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than that in male patients (17.3% for males and 26.3% for females; χ2 = 10.74, p = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that in male patients, insomnia was independently associated with severe PANSS positive symptoms, severe PANSS depressive factor, and high levels of low-density lipoprotein levels, while in female patients, insomnia was associated with low education level, high PANSS depressive factor, and high levels of apolipoprotein B levels. This study illustrates that insomnia is more frequent in female than male schizophrenia patients, and that there are differences in the clinical correlates of insomnia by sex, suggesting that sex differences should be considered in prevention and treatment strategies for coexisting insomnia in schizophrenia patients.

Insomnia Symptoms and Daytime Fatigue Co-Occurrence in Adolescent and Young Adult Childhood Cancer Patients in Follow-Up after Treatment: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors.

Simple SummaryInsomnia symptoms and daytime fatigue significantly impact physical and psychosocial health. While these are common symptoms in pediatric oncology, relationships between these symptoms remain unclear. This study evaluated the prevalence of insomnia only, daytime fatigue only, the co-occurrence of insomnia and daytime fatigue symptoms, and associated risk factors in adolescent/young adult childhood cancer patients in follow-up after treatment. Results showed that around forty percent had insomnia and daytime fatigue symptoms, which often co-occurred. Risk factors that emerged were: female sex and co-morbidities (all), shorter time after treatment and bedtime gaming (insomnia only), young adulthood (insomnia–fatigue and fatigue only), needing someone else to fall asleep and inconsistent wake times (both insomnia groups), and lower educational level and consistent bedtimes (insomnia–fatigue). Overall, insomnia symptoms and daytime fatigue were common and often co-occurred in this patient population. While current fatigue guidelines do not include insomnia symptoms, healthcare providers should inquire about insomnia as this potentially provides additional options for treatment and prevention.Insomnia symptoms and daytime fatigue commonly occur in pediatric oncology, which significantly impact physical and psychosocial health. This study evaluated the prevalence of insomnia only, daytime fatigue only, the co-occurrence of insomnia–daytime fatigue symptoms, and associated risk factors. Childhood cancer patients (n = 565, 12–26 years old, ≥6 months after treatment) participated in a national, cross-sectional questionnaire study, measuring insomnia symptoms (ISI; Insomnia Severity Index) and daytime fatigue (single item). Prevalence rates of insomnia and/or daytime fatigue subgroups and ISI severity ranges were calculated. Multinomial regression models were applied to assess risk factors. Most patients reported no insomnia symptoms or daytime fatigue (61.8%). In the 38.2% of patients who had symptoms, 48.1% reported insomnia and daytime fatigue, 34.7% insomnia only, and 17.1% daytime fatigue only. Insomnia scores were higher in patients with insomnia–daytime fatigue compared to insomnia only (p < 0.001). Risk factors that emerged were: female sex and co-morbidities (all), shorter time after treatment and bedtime gaming (insomnia only), young adulthood (insomnia–fatigue/fatigue only), needing someone else to fall asleep and inconsistent wake times (both insomnia groups), lower educational level and consistent bedtimes (insomnia–fatigue). Insomnia symptoms and daytime fatigue are common and often co-occur. While current fatigue guidelines do not include insomnia symptoms, healthcare providers should inquire about insomnia as this potentially provides additional options for treatment and prevention.

The Association Between Morningness-Eveningness Preference, Depression, Anxiety and Insomnia Among Chinese Textile Workers With or Without Shift Work.

ObjectiveCircadian preference and mental health disorders are closely related to insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate insomnia symptoms in textile factory workers with different work schedules, and to investigate the association between insomnia, morningness–eveningness preference, anxiety, and depression.MethodsA total of 3,883 textile workers were assessed using the 3-items of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Composite Scale of Morningness, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and socio-demographic questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence rate of insomnia in textile workers was 16.7% (N = 646), with 49.8% (N = 322) were shift workers. Among shift workers (N = 1,833), 9.5% had difficulty initiating sleep, and almost 9.0% suffered from early morning awakening, a rate significantly higher than among daytime workers. Logistics regressions revealed that work schedule was insignificantly associated with insomnia. Depression (OR = 1.034, 95% CI = 1.022–1.046) and anxiety (OR = 1.031, 95% CI = 1.018–1.043) positively predicted insomnia, whereas morningness preference (OR = 0.977, 95% CI = 0.960–0.995) decreased the likelihood of insomnia. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that both anxiety and depression independently mediated the association between circadian preferences and insomnia in textile workers with or without shift work.ConclusionThis study highlighted the insomnia, depression, and anxiety of textile factory workers in a Chinese textile factory. To improve insomnia symptoms, interventions to promote morningness circadian preference and reduce depressive and anxious symptoms among workers are encouraged.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Psychological Problems of Healthcare Workforce in Vietnam: Findings from COVID-19 Hotspots in the National Second Wave.

Adopting a cross-sectional study design, we aimed to examine the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the hospitals in these COVID-19 hotspots (Da Nang city and Quang Nam province) and to explore the socioeconomic and COVID-19 control-related factors that are associated with various psychological problems. A total of 611 healthcare workers were included in the final analysis from 1 August 2020 to 31 August 2020. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and overall psychological problems was 26.84%, 34.70%, 34.53%, and 46.48%, respectively. The prevalence rates of anxiety were approximately equal amongst the groups of healthcare workers, and moderate-to-severe anxiety was the most common in physicians (11.11%). The prevalence of depression was the highest in nurses (38.65%) and moderate-to-severe depression was mainly found in physicians (11.81%). The prevalence rates of insomnia were 34.03% in physicians, 36.20% in nurses, and 31.21% in technicians; in particular, the rate of moderate-to-severe insomnia was higher in physicians and nurses compared to technicians. The prevalence of overall moderate-to-severe psychological problems was the highest among physicians (14.58%), followed by nurses (12.58%) and technicians (9.22%). Statistically significant associated factors of current psychological problems were the occupations of physicians or nurses, less than 1 year of experience, university education, living with 4–5 people, reporting 1000–5000 m distance between home and workplace, participating in the COVID-19 control for less than 1 week, being under social isolation at home, being affected a lot by the community, reporting inadequate equipment in current workplace conditions, frequently working in the department directly in contact with the COVID-19 patients, and feeling anxious, stressed, or sad about current works. Present findings can provide valuable evidence for the policymakers and managers to adopt supportive, encouraging, motivational, protective, training, and educational interventions into healthcare workforce in other parts of Vietnam.

A Follow-Up Investigation of Mental Health Among Discharged COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan, China.

Objective: To understand the mental health status and its risk factors among discharged COVID-19 patients during the first month of centralized quarantine and the subsequent home isolation.Methods: The scales of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure the symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, and depression in 782 COVID-19 patients during the first month of centralized quarantine (March 16 to 26, 2020) and then during home isolation (April 3 to 10, 2020).Results: During the centralized quarantine, the prevalence rates of insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were 44.37, 31.59, and 27.62%, respectively, and those during the home isolation decreased significantly at 27.11, 17.26, and 16.11%, respectively. In both waves, women showed a higher prevalence of symptoms of poor mental health compared to men, and middle-aged (40–59 years old) and elderly (≥60 years old) showed a higher risk of symptoms of poor mental health compared to the younger. In addition, the severity of COVID-19 revealed no significant relationship to symptoms of poor mental health, whereas, the interaction analysis revealed that those with other underlying diseases showed more symptoms of poor mental health during the centralized quarantine and a greater decrease during the follow-up home isolation.Conclusion: The discharged COVID-19 patients suffered from mental health problems such as, insomnia, depression, and anxiety, and this was especially so for women, the middle-aged and elderly, and those with underlying diseases, but along with the rehabilitation and the environmental change from centralized quarantine to home isolation, all the mental symptoms were significantly alleviated. Based on a follow-up investigation, the current results provide critical evidence for mental health and early rehabilitation upon the discharged COVID-19 patients.

Dynamic Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Following Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The exact prevalence of sleep disorders following stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, periodic leg movement during sleep, and restless leg syndrome following stroke or TIA in acute, subacute, and chronic phases and examine the moderating effects of patient characteristics (eg, age) and methodological features (eg, study quality) on the prevalence. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Embase and PubMed were searched from inception to December 18, 2019. We included 64 047 adults in 169 studies (prospective, retrospective, case-control, and cross-sectional study designs) reporting the prevalence of sleep disorders following stroke or TIA. In the acute phase, the overall prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe sleep-disordered breathing was 66.8%, 50.3%, and 31.6% (95% CIs, 63.8-69.7, 41.9-58.7, and 24.9-39.1). In the subacute phase, the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe sleep-disordered breathing was 65.5%, 44.3%, and 36.1% (95% CIs, 58.9-71.5, 36.1-52.8, and 22.2-52.8). In the chronic phase, the summary prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe sleep-disordered breathing was 66.2%, 33.1%, and 25.1% (95% CIs, 58.6-73.1, 24.8-42.6, and 10.9-47.6). The prevalence rates of insomnia in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases were 40.7%, 42.6%, and 35.9% (95% CIs, 31.8-50.3, 31.7-54.1, and 28.6-44.0). The pooled prevalence of periodic leg movement during sleep in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases was 32.0%, 27.3%, and 48.2% (95% CIs, 7.4-73.5, 11.6-51.7, and 33.1-63.5). The summary prevalence of restless leg syndrome in the acute and chronic phases was 10.4% and 13.7% (95 CIs, 6.4-16.4 and 2.3-51.8). Age, sex, comorbidities, smoking history, and study region had significant moderating effects on the prevalence of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders following stroke or TIA are highly prevalent over time. Our findings indicate the importance of early screening and treating sleep disorders following stroke or TIA.

Menopausal symptoms and quality of life of hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients at different endocrine therapy time

Objective: To explore the menopausal symptoms and quality of life of hormone receptor positive (HR+ ) breast cancer patients at different endocrine therapy time. Methods: The HR+ breast cancer patients who were pathologically confirmed from 2011 to 2017 in the Sichuan Cancer Hospital were divided into three groups according to endocrine therapy time (<12 months, 12~36 months, >36 months) and analyzed by a cross-sectional study. The Menopausal symptoms and quality of life of these patients were measured using the modified Kupperman scale and the functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast cancer (FACT-B) scale. The differences of menopausal symptoms among different time groups and drug groups were analyzed by Chi-square test. The differences of quality of life and the effects of menopausal symptoms on quality of life were tested by covariance and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: The average score of menopausal symptom of 167 patients was 14.5±7.6 and the prevalence rate was 87.4% (146/167). Among all of the menopausal symptoms, the prevalence rate of insomnia was the highest (73.7%, 123/167). Besides insomnia and excitement, hot flashes was more prevalent in selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) users (64.8%, 79/122) , while osteoarthritis was more prevalent in aromatase inhibitor (AI) users (62.2%, 28/45). The total score of FACT-B of Patients was 104.5±15.5, and the compliance rate was up to 89.8% (150/167). However, the condition of each dimension was different, the compliance rates of social/ family and functional dimension were lowest, which were 73.0% (122/167) and 50.9% (85/167), respectively. The menopausal symptoms of patients at different time groups were 15.0±1.3, 14.0±6.9, 14.5±7.4, respectively, and the total score of FACT-B of patients at different time groups were 102.7±17.8, 105.0±12.9, 105.6±16.7, respectively, without significant differences (both P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that menopausal symptoms impaired the quality of life of SERM users during the endocrine therapeutic period. The standardized regression coefficients of three time groups were -0.67, -0.30, -0.50, respectively, with the lowest effect on 12~36 months group. Conclusion: HR+ breast cancer patients will have a poor function recovery and social/ family return, who need more attention. Menopausal symptoms are common problems during endocrine therapy, and active measures should be taken to improve patients' quality of life.

Psychosocial Determinants of Insomnia in Adolescents: Roles of Mental Health, Behavioral Health, and Social Environment.

The theoretical explanation of human problems is derived from the complex interplay of psychological, social, economic, political, and physical factors.AimsThis study examined the roles of behavioral health (i.e., alcohol abuse and suicidality) and social environment (i.e., family support, school connectedness, and favorable neighborhood) and mental health [i.e., depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] in predicting insomnia in adolescents in an ecological perspective.MethodsApproximately 6445 high school students in Taiwan were administered an anonymous self-report survey. Hierarchical multiple regression was performed to examine how multidimensional social environment, behavioral health, and mental health factors were associated with insomnia in adolescents.ResultsThe prevalence rate of insomnia in the sample was 30%. The results indicated that alcohol abuse (β = 0.04), suicidality (β = 0.06), depression (β = 0.29), anxiety (β = 0.14), and ADHD (β = 0.11) were positively associated with insomnia (p < 0.001), whereas family support (β = −0.06), school connectedness (β = −0.05), and favorable neighborhood (β = −0.10) were negatively associated with insomnia (p < 0.001). Sex did not predict insomnia, but age was positively associated with insomnia (β = 0.09, p < 0.001). Among all predictors of insomnia in the study, mental health factors, especially depression, play a major role on insomnia among adolescents, and is as much important as social environment factors.ConclusionThis study demonstrated how both psychosocial variables (social environment and behavioral health) and psychological symptoms were associated with insomnia in adolescents when the demographic variables (sex and age) were controlled and provided valuable information and evidence for clinicians, social workers, and health professionals who provide support to adolescents with insomnia. Applying an ecological approach in practice can aid in understanding at individual, family, school, and community levels and in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of their interactions with each other.ImplicationsThis perspective enables practitioners in effectively treating problems and addressing the needs of the various levels, including the individual, family, school, and the broader community. Thus, prevention and intervention of insomnia in adolescents should focus on multidimensional risk and protective factors, including mental health, behavioral health, and social environment, in the context of an ecological system.

&lt;p&gt;Frequency of sleep disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/p&gt;

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of common sleep problems among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their relationship with the disease activity and quality of life.Patients and methods: The study sample consisted of 101 patients who attended a rheumatology clinic at a university hospital between October 2015 and May 2016. All subjects were clinically examined and interviewed by physicians using a questionnaire. The collected information included sociodemographic characteristics, the patients’ medical histories, the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), the Berlin questionnaire to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), the Athens Insomnia Scale to assess insomnia, the International RLS Study Group score to diagnose restless legs syndrome (RLS), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to assess the quality of life.Results: The mean age of the participants was 48.7±14.6 years, and 95% of the participants were females. Approximately 60% of the participants were in the remission/low category of disease activity, and the average DAS28 score was 3.3±0.8 years. The prevalence rates of insomnia, EDS, sleep disturbance, risk of OSA, and RLS were 63%, 20%, 20%, 37%, and 63%, respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of sleep disorders was not affected by the disease activity. The association between the HAQ and sleep disorders among the RA patients was not significant.Conclusion: Sleep disorders are common among RA patients and may require further attention by treating clinicians; nevertheless, these disorders are not associated with disease activity and do not affect the quality of life.

Insomnia in patients on hemodialysis for a short versus long duration.

BackgroundMany studies have investigated insomnia and the factors associated with this condition in hemodialysis (HD) patients, although the influence of HD duration has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we investigated the factors, especially the duration of HD, associated with insomnia in HD patients.Patients and methodsA total of 138 patients undergoing HD were recruited, and the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality of sleep. Subjects with a total PSQI score up to 4 and those with a score of at least 5 were identified as normal subjects and subjects with insomnia, respectively. Additionally, we assessed restless legs syndrome, depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and health-related quality of life (QOL) using the Short Form 8 Health Survey. We divided the subjects into two groups according to the median HD duration.ResultsThe prevalence rate of insomnia was 54.3% among all the subjects. Twenty-one subjects (15.2%) had depression, 26 (18.8%) had restless legs syndrome, and 75 (54.3%) had insomnia. The median HD duration was 4 years. The scores of components 1 and 4 of the PSQI, subjective sleep quality and habitual sleep efficiency, did not show a significant difference between the normal and insomnia groups. The score of component 7, daytime dysfunction, showed a significant difference between the short and long HD duration groups. In multiple regression analysis, the score of the Short Form 8 Health Survey showed a significant association with the PSQI score in the long HD duration group, but no variable showed a significant association in the short HD duration group.ConclusionPatients with a longer duration of HD indicated that insomnia has an influence on their daily activities, with a significant association between insomnia and QOL. Greater attention should be paid to poor QOL and troubles in daily activities caused by insomnia in patients with a longer HD duration.

Insomnia among Egyptian Samples of University Students and Employees

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia, differences between males and females, and between two age groups, and to explore the factorial structure of the Arabic Scale of Insomnia (ASI). Samples of university students (n=500) and employees (n=457) of both sexes were recruited. Female university students obtained the highest mean total score on the ASI, followed by female employees, male university students, and finally male employees. The salient significant differences were between female students and male employees and between male and female employees. Despite the differences in the prevalence rate of insomnia between the four groups, they all agreed on that the least prevalence rate was for the item: “I feel depressed when it is time for me to go to bed, whereas the highest prevalence rate was for the item: “My interrupted sleep annoys me.” Principle components analysis yielded three factors for each group. Most of their names were not identical. The most salient finding of this study was the statistically significant sex differences in insomnia in favor of women. It was concluded that is it important to introduce counseling for those who obtained high scores on the ASI.

Insomnia among Egyptian Samples of University Students and Employees

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia, differences between males and females, and between two age groups, and to explore the factorial structure of the Arabic Scale of Insomnia (ASI). Samples of university students (n=500) and employees (n=457) of both sexes were recruited. Female university students obtained the highest mean total score on the ASI, followed by female employees, male university students, and finally male employees. The salient significant differences were between female students and male employees and between male and female employees. Despite the differences in the prevalence rate of insomnia between the four groups, they all agreed on that the least prevalence rate was for the item: “I feel depressed when it is time for me to go to bed, whereas the highest prevalence rate was for the item: “My interrupted sleep annoys me.” Principle components analysis yielded three factors for each group. Most of their names were not identical. The most salient finding of this study was the statistically significant sex differences in insomnia in favor of women. It was concluded that is it important to introduce counseling for those who obtained high scores on the ASI.

Insomnia complaints and associated factors in Georgian population

Insomnia is one of the most common of all sleep disorders. The prevalence rate of insomnia is not well described in Georgian population. The present study was aimed to examine the prevalence of insomnia and associated factors in the population of two largest cities of Georgia – Tbilisi and Kutaisi. 304 subjects from Tbilisi (mean age 37.07 ± 10.73, 67.4% female) and 91 subjects from Kutaisi (39.4 ± 10.8, 67.1% female) were surveyed. Participants completed Insomnia Severity index (ISI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck depression inventory, short form (BDI SF), and STOP BANG questionnaire. Socio-demographic data and self evaluation of the overall health status were also obtained. Pearson chi-square tests were used to examine associations between ISI and sleep, health and socio-demographic variables. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationship between insomnia status and potential predictors. 33.2% of Tbilisi population had sub threshold insomnia, 9.5% moderate insomnia, and 1.3% severe insomnia. Mean ISI score was 7.42 ± 5.3. ISI score was significantly correlated with PSQI global score, BDI, health, education level, economic status, ESS and OSA severity. In Kutaisi population, 34.1% had sub threshold insomnia, 8.8% moderate insomnia, and 1.1% severe insomnia. Mean ISI score in Kutaisi sample was 7.13 ± 5.3 and was significantly correlated with PSQI global score, BDI, ESS and health. Multiple regression analyses shows that moderate to severe insomnia is predicted by depression symptoms ( β = 0.309, p = .000) and overall health status ( β = −.229 p = 0.000) in Tbilisi population. For Kutaisi sample only BDI score was the significant predictor ( β = −.220 p = 0.048). This study provides evidence that insomnia complaints are high in Georgian population. Further analyses with more subjects involved are needed to evaluate insomnia severity and its relation with health-related variables in Georgian population. Study supported by Swiss National Science Foundation, SCOPES, grant IZ74Z0_137415.

The Course of Insomnia over One Year: a Longitudinal Study in the General Population in Sweden

The purpose of this study was to examine the course of insomnia in the general population over one year with an emphasis on prevalence, consequences, persistence, remission, and incidence of insomnia. This study employed a longitudinal design with a 1-year followup. Insomnia was defined as reporting problems sleeping for 3 nights or more per week during the past 3 months, problems with daytime symptoms or daytime functioning, and difficulties with sleep onset, sleep maintenance, or early morning awakening. From a randomly selected sample of the adult general population (N = 3,000; 20 to 60 years), 1,746 individuals filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up survey. The prevalence rates of insomnia were 6.8% to 9.7% at the 2 assessment points. The longitudinal analyses suggested that for 44.4% of the individuals with insomnia at baseline, insomnia was characterized by persistence (4.3% of the general population). For 56.6% of the individuals with insomnia at baseline, the condition remitted over one year (5.4% of the general population). The cumulative incidence of insomnia was 2.8% over the course of a year. In summary, the results showed that insomnia is a prevalent condition in the general population associated with negative consequences and is characterized not only by persistence but also by relatively high remission and incidence.

A Population Study on Risk Factors for Insomnia Among Adult Japanese Women: A Possible Effect of Road Traffic Volume

In an effort to identify risk factors for insomnia and determine the contribution of nightime road traffic volume to insomnia in the general population, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 3,600 adult Japanese women living in eight urban residential areas. The crude prevalence rate of insomnia was 11.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that aging, living with a child/children aged six or younger, undergoing medical treatment, experiencing major life events, having an irregular bedtime, having a sleep apnealike symptom, and living near a road with a heavy volume of traffic are risk factors for insomnia. Taking into account other risk factors, there was a level-response relationship between the nighttime traffic volume of main roads and the risk of insomnia in the subjects living in the zones 0-20 m from these roads. These results suggest that road traffic noise raises the sound level in bedrooms in such zones, and consequently the prevalence rate of insomnia among the residents, and that noise-induced insomnia is an important public health problem, at least in highly urbanized areas. To confirm this, a further study on noise exposure is needed.