Caries Prevalence Rate Research Articles

Health status of children's first permanent molars in Henan province from 2015 to 2020.

To investigate the eruption, caries, and pit and fissure sealing of the first permanent molars in children aged 6-9 years in Henan province. The data of oral health examination in Henan province from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed in the information management system of China Children Oral Disease Comprehensive Intervention Project. Among 486 865 children in Henan province, the total eruption rate of the four first permanent molars was 73.44%, The prevalence rate of dental caries was 30.35%, DMFT was 0.67±1.18, the ratio of caries fil-ling was 4.45%, and the rate of pit and fissure sealing was 2.36%. From 2015 to 2020, the total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in children aged 6, 7, and 8 showed a decreasing trend (χ2trend was 385.793, 964.142, and 71.964, respectively, all P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT caries filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in children aged 6-9 increased (χ2trend/Ftrend was 1 115.87, 1 270.53, 1 215.02, 763.48, respectively, all P<0.05). The total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in suburban counties (75.41%) were higher than those in urban areas (71.90%) (χ2=756.44, P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT, filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in urban areas (34.23%, 0.76±1.24, 4.99%, and 3.75%, respectively) were higher than those in suburban areas (25.39%, 0.55±1.09, 3.50%, and 0.58%, respectively) (χ2 was 4 435.30, 3 922.56, 390.89, and 5 262.76, respectively, P<0.05). The first permanent molar eruption completely rate maxillary (84.96%) was higher than mandible (82.88%) (χ2=1 565.70, P<0.05), and the dental caries risk of the mandible (26.07%) was higher than that of the upper (13.88%) (χ2=38 112.53, P<0.05). The health status of the first permanent molars of children aged 6-9 years in Henan province is not optimistic. The eruption rate decreased, the incidence of caries increased, and the rates of caries filling and pit and fissure sealing were low. We should pay attention to children's eating habits and oral health, strengthen oral health education, and improve oral health awareness.

Association between dental caries and molar-incisor hypomineralisation in first permanent molars: A hierarchical model.

To assess whether the prevalence of dental caries is associated with the presence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in first permanent molars (FPMs). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 5368 FPMs from 1342 children aged 8-10 years from Florianopolis, Brazil. Dental caries was evaluated with the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and MIH was assessed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The sociodemographic data were obtained with a questionnaire sent to caregivers. A hierarchical repeated measures Poisson regression, considering dependency among observations, was performed, since the unit of analysis was the tooth. The presence of MIH was associated with a 6.15 times higher prevalence of dental caries in FPMs (PR: 6.15; 95%CI: 4.18-9.04). A monthly family income ≤2 minimum wages and the caries experience in the primary teeth were also significantly associated with greater prevalence rates of dental caries in FPMs. The presence of MIH showed a significant association with the prevalence of dental caries in FPMs. Thus, dentists should be alert to cases of MIH. Once the condition is detected, preventive measures should be taken to prevent enamel breakdown and the development of dental caries lesions.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENTAL CARIES AND FEATURES OF DENTAL CARE AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN OF THE ADJARA REGION

557 children were examined. 308 pupils of schools of the municipalities of mountainous Adjara (Khulo, Shuakhevi, and Keda) and 249 pupils of schools of Kobuleti and Khelvachauri municipalities. Age of pupils was the following: 6-7, 12, 15 years old. The selection was made according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). The spread and intensity of caries were determined, also was calculated the volume of the dental care by municipalities. The research has revealed: The caries prevalence rate in all age groups is high, the rate of caries intensity is also high compared to the data set for Georgia. The amount of dental care in the surveyed municipalities is very insufficient and filling out dental offices with appropriate specialists is needed.

Assessment of caries diagnostic thresholds of DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars in early permanent dentition\u2014a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe actual burden of dental caries prevalence varies with the caries assessment tool used. Therefore, the present study evaluated the caries diagnostic potentials of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT); International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) indices in estimating the caries prevalence rate of first permanent molar (FPM) in Saudi male children aged 7–9 years.MethodsThis descriptive, cross-sectional study included 390 children by multistage stratified cluster sampling method in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rates of FPM caries were determined by DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST indices at various diagnostic cut-off points. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was determined.ResultsThe prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by DMFT (decayed), ICDAS II (codes 1–6) and CAST (codes 3–7) were 64.4% (61.6–67.2), 71.5% (69.2–73.2) and 71.0% (68.7–73.3), respectively. The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by ICDAS II at various diagnostic cut-offs were as follows: ‘sound’ (code ‘0’), 28.5% (26.3–30.8); ‘enamel caries’ (codes 1–3), 57.2% (54.7–59.7) and ‘dentinal caries’ (codes 4–6), 14.3% (12.6–16.1). Similarly, the prevalence rates estimated by CAST at different diagnostic cut-off points were: ‘healthy’ (scores 0–2), 28.1% (25.9–30.4); ‘premorbid’ (score 3, enamel carious), 56.5% (54.0–59.0); ‘morbid’ (scores 4–5, cavitated carious dentin), 7.9% (6.6–9.3); ‘severe morbidity’ (scores 6–7, pulp exposure/fistula/abscess), 6.6% (5.4–8.1) and ‘mortality’ (score 8, lost), 0.8% (0.4–1.4).ConclusionEnamel caries lesions were found in more than half of the FPMs investigated in the current study. CAST index is preferable because it detects the complete spectrum of caries. ICDAS II at codes 1–6 and CAST at codes 3–7 projected similar caries prevalence rates in FPMs.

ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HEALTH CONDITION IN CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT SOCIAL STATUS IN GEORGIA

Task: Oral diseases are prevalent worldwide. Children from the families with low economic capacity are particularly vulnerable to this group of diseases. Planning dental care is impossible without studying the intensity and prevalence of dental diseases. The aim of the research is to study the oral health condition in a contingent of children with different social status in Georgia. Methods: During the study was selected a prospectus, cross-sectional study through the direct consultation. Children and adolescents deprived of care included within the leaving prevention and deinstitutionalization process are the subjects of study. Target population was studied in 10 facilities located in Tbilisi, Rustavi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Martkopi, Norio (276 beneciaries). And control population was studied in secondary education institutions of Tbilisi, Rustavi, Chiatura, Kutaisi and Poti (276 students). The contingent studied was divided into two age groups - the study and control group: children and adolescents aged 6-13 and 13-18. Age and gender distribution were similar to the group of target children. The results obtained were recorded in the medical and dental cards, where information on the following variables was lled: name of the institution; social status of the object; age; sex; oral hygiene index; caries intensity (DMFT index); prevalence of caries; BoP index; determination of the teeth with extraction indication; prematurely extracted teeth. The standard software was used for the statistical analysis (SPSS 24). Results: The prevalence rate of caries among the children and adolescents of the target group is 98.9% and in the control group the same rate is 64.8%. The prevalence rate of caries among the female individuals of the target group is 93.4%, and in the female population of the control group is 56.8%. The prevalence rate of caries in the male population of the target group is 97.8%, and in male individuals of the control group it is 69.5%. The prevalence rate of caries among the children of the target group aged 6-13 is 94.2%, and among the children of the control group is 64.6%. The prevalence rate of caries among the adolescents of the target group aged 13-18 is 97.1%, and among the adolescents of the control group is 61.9%. Statistical analysis showed that the DMFT index is signicantly higher by age, gender and region among the children and adolescents of the target group (p&lt;0.001). 40.6% of the study group has very high levels of caries intensity and 13% the has higher level. A different data is among the children and adults of the control group, only 4% has very high level of caries intensity and 2.9% has a high level. Comparing the sex, age and region of the control and target groups showed that the difference between these two groups is statistically signicant, the individuals of the target group have a higher caries intensity than those of the control group (P&lt;0.001). The hygiene index rate of a third of the beneciaries studied is very poor (31.2%), and if poor in 15.2%. Only a fth (19.2%) had a good condition. Comparison of the sex, age and region of the control and target groups showed that the difference between these two groups is statistically signicant, and the individuals from the target group had a poorer oral hygiene index rates than those of the control group (P&lt;0.001). 62% of the target group had no signs of bleeding (0 %), 11.6% in total had a high bleeding rate (25-75% and 75-100%). 96.7% of the control group had no signs of bleeding.15.1% of the study population had a prematurely extradited permanent dentitions and 2% of the control group. 15.7% of the control population had a caries complication of the permanent dentitions and 38.1% of the study population.

A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of the Effectiveness of the CRT® Bacteria Test in Evaluating Caries Risk in Three-Year-Old Children.

Objective To study the correlation between the level of infection with Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LB) in saliva with existing status and the development of primary dental caries in 3-year-old children and to evaluate the results of CRT® bacteria as a Caries Risk Test. Methods A total of 140 3-year-old children were selected for the study. Oral examination was conducted and the levels of infection with SM and LB in saliva were measured using a CRT® bacteria test. Oral reexamination was conducted after two years. The prevalence rate of caries, the decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft) and decayed-missing-filled surface (dmfs) indices, and Caries Severity Index (CSI) were calculated at the start and end of the two years. The indices were statistically analyzed. Results The caries prevalence rate, dmft, dmfs, and CSI increased with increasing levels of CRT-SM and CRT-LB at the start and end of the two years; the increases in dmft, dmfs, and CSI over the period were consistent with the increases in CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels, with all differences being highly statistically significant. The increase in caries prevalence rate over the two years was not statistically different for different CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels. CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels were highly positively correlated with dmft, dmfs, CSI and their increases over the two years. Levels of infection with oral SM and LB were found to be independent risk factors for primary dental caries, respectively. For an SM concentration in saliva of ≥104 CFU/mL and an LB concentration of <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 2.8-fold. When the concentration of LB in saliva was ≥104 CFU/mL and that of SM <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 3.9-fold. When the concentration of both SM and LB was ≥104 CFU/mL, the risk increased by approximately 10.9-fold. Conclusions Significant positive correlations were found between the level of infection with oral SM and LB and existing oral decay status and the trend in the development of primary dental caries. Infection with SM and LB significantly increased the risk of caries in primary teeth. The CRT® bacteria is a simple, convenient, reliable, and effective Caries Risk Test.

Fatores associados ao edentulismo em indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise: um estudo transversal

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney. CKD may be associated with several oral alterations, such as higher prevalence rate of dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, candidiasis and burning mouth. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with edentulism in adults with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 650 individuals aged 18 to 90 years undergoing hemodialysis in southeastern Brazil. Oral clinical examination and administration of a questionnaire addressing demographic characteristics and dental history were performed. The study received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of UFMG. Findings: A total of 183 participants were edentulous (28.2%). Individuals with less schooling (OR= 3.99; 95% CI: 2.34-6.79), those who had not been to a dentist in the previous six months (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.52-4.08), those who rated their own smile as excellent or good (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.35-2.97) and those with some mucosal alteration (OR= 4.17; 95% CI: 2.83-6.13) had a greater chance of belonging to the edentulous group. Discussion: The present findings can contribute to the establishment of public health policies aimed at guiding dental care programs for individuals with chronic kidney disease that take into account the specific needs of this population. Conclusion: Edentulism was associated with low schooling, a lack of dental care in the previous six months, a positive self-perception of one’s smile and alterations in the oral mucosa.

Dental Caries Status among Yi Preschool Children in Yunnan Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The Yi ethnic group is the sixth largest minority in China. The aim of this study was to investigate dental caries status among Yi preschool children in the Yunnan province, China. Method: This cross-sectional study invited 5-year-old Yi children using multistage cluster sampling. Two trained and calibrated dentists examined the children in kindergartens. The children’s dental caries experience was assessed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index. Visual plaque on an indexed tooth of each six sextants was recorded and the oral hygiene status was assessed using the Visible Plaque Index. Parents completed questionnaires that surveyed their educational attainment. The questionnaires also collected information about the children’s demographics, snacking habits, oral-health-related behaviors and dental visit experiences. The associations between caries experiences and potential factors were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. Results: All 452 invited children (249 boys, 55%) participated in this study with a response rate of 100%. Dental caries prevalence rate was 83%. The mean dmft score and decayed teeth score were 5.2 ± 4.4 and 5.1 ± 4.4, respectively. Almost half of the children (n = 211, 47%) had visible plaque on four or more of the six sextants. Most (n = 366, 81%) of the children had not visited a dentist in the prior 12 months. Regression analysis found the children’s caries experience was associated with their dental visit experience. Conclusion: The great majority of the Yi preschool children experienced dental caries and almost all of the cavities were not restored. Their oral hygiene was poor and visible plaque was commonly found on their teeth.

A Sampling Survey of the Oral Health Status and Awareness among Primary School Students in Lhasa

Objective To investigate the oral health status and awareness of urban children in Lhasa,aiming to provide a data basis for the prevention and treatment of children's caries and the promotion of oral health education. Methods A total of 504 Tibetan students were selected by cluster sampling from 2 primary schools in Chengguan District of Lhasa.All the participants were required to take oral health examination and complete a questionnaire about oral health awareness and behavior. Results The caries prevalence rate and mean decayed-missing-filled tooth(DMFT)of permanent teeth were 75.00% and 2.18±1.91,respectively.The rates of pit and fissure sealant and filling of permanent teeth were 3.77% and 6.81%,respectively.The caries prevalence rate of first permanent molars was 47.62%.The mean DMFT of permanent teeth and caries prevalence rate of first permanent molar were significantly higher in female group(P=0.001 and P=0.007,respectively).The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 61.51%,and the detection rate of dental calculus was 71.83%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prevalence of caries was influenced by many independent factors including gender,oral health awareness,intention of dental intervention,and dental experience. Conclusion High caries prevalence rate,low filling rate,and poor oral hygiene and health awareness were found among the primary school students in Lhasa,which require continuous dentistry investment and oral health education for the local students and their parents.

Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Indian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate the pooled prevalence of dental caries among Indian population through systematic review and meta-analysis.Materials and Methods:A keyword search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus databases using relevant key words to extract the data pertaining to dental caries in Indian population. The search criteria included manuscripts published in English language from March 2009 to March 2019 and employed standard Boolean operators. The studies which met the inclusion criteria were independently reviewed by two researchers and their quality was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The overall prevalence was deduced using the random effects model with prime focus given to the site of anatomical origin. R software version 3.5.2. was used for statistical analysis.Results:Post screening, out of the 253 articles identified, 70 met the inclusion criteria and were used to generate the meta-analysis. Among them, only few studies investigated the prevalence of root caries (n = 1). Overall prevalence of dental caries was 54.16% (CI: 0.4966–0.5866), whereas age-specific prevalence was 62% in patients above 18 years and 52% among 3–18 years of age (P < 0.0001). Maximum overall prevalence was noted in mixed dentition (58%). Region wise prevalence was more in western India (72%). Use of decayed, missed, and filled teeth as diagnostic criteria for early childhood caries was only 29%.Conclusions:Besides an overall prevalence of 54.16%, there exists a remarkable variation in dental caries prevalence rates as per age, diagnostic criteria, dentition, and geographical region. Furthermore, research should be focused on the prevalence of anatomical site specific caries as well.

Anishnabeg children and youth's experiences and understandings of oral health in rural Quebec.

Children's oral health is a prevalent health concern in Indigenous communities in Canada and globally. Compared to an early childhood caries prevalence rate of 57% in non-Indigenous Canadian school-age children, some Indigenous communities face rates exceeding 90%. Despite the high prevalence rates of caries and other oral health concerns in Indigenous children, qualitative research on oral health has focused on Indigenous adults. This study sought to uncover children and youths' oral health experiences and understandings in two Anishnabeg communities in Quebec. A focused ethnography was conducted using participatory research principles, and included interviews with key informants, children, and youth, as well as participant observation of oral health activities. Analysis was iterative and concurrent with data collection. Themes include (1) children and youth primarily described oral health in relation to their teeth only; (2) children and youth have motivators for maintaining oral health, including consequences of poor oral health and its influence on self-presentation; (3) oral health is 'put on the side table', and not highly prioritized by children or adults; (4) children and youth recognize the people in their lives that influence their oral health; and (5) children and youth demonstrate agency in oral health matters. These results demonstrate the valuable perspectives that Anishnabeg children and youth have regarding their oral health, and are of value to other Indigenous communities that strive to address similar oral health concerns.

Oral Health System in Myanmar: A Review.

ABSTRACTObjectives:The study aims at reviewing Myanmar’s current situation to consider an improved oral health system and at promoting the oral health status of the Myanmar population.Materials and Methods:This review was conducted using the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) six building blocks of the health system: oral health-care service delivery, dental workforce, oral health information system, essential medicine, health financing, and leadership and governance. The review was established on scientific articles and documents and information from reliable government and nongovernment organizations’ websites.Results:According to the National Oral Health Survey (2016–2017), the prevalence rate of untreated caries in six-year-old Myanmar children (84.1%), and in the 35–44 and 65–74 age group (above 40%) is high, which reflects a low utilization of oral health-care services. The dentist to population ratio is approximately 1:16,000: There are around 5,000 dentists and 400 trained dental nurses in Myanmar, and only about 1,000 dentists serve in government sectors. The inequalities in dental health care are compounded by a limited dental workforce and inequality of dentists between the public and private sectors in Myanmar. In the last National Health Plan (NHP, 2006–2011), the Myanmar government’s funding for required dental equipment and materials in each dental unit (around 5726 USD) has been considered inadequate. The current expenditure is not transparent. The other challenges are an insufficient supply of dental materials and instruments to all public dental sectors and a lack of oral health-care infrastructure.Conclusions:Such findings suggest a pressing need to address the effective oral health-care system and decree the specific goals for the Myanmar population’s oral health.

Dental caries prevalence, prospects, and challenges for Latin America and Caribbean countries: a summary and final recommendations from a Regional Consensus.

Dental caries can be effectively managed and prevented from developing into cavitated lesions while preserving tooth structure at all levels. However, the strong correlation between caries and socioeconomic factors may compromise the efficacy of preventive strategies. The high prevalence of persistent inequalities in dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC) is a matter of concern. The estimates of the burden of disease in some countries in this region are outdated or absent. This paper aims to summarize and present the final recommendations of a regional Consensus for Dental Caries Prevalence, Prospects, and Challenges for LACC. This consensus is based on four articles that were written by a team of Latin American experts, reviewed by dental associations, and presented and discussed in two consensus events. The following domains were explored: epidemiology, risk factors, prevention strategies, and management of dental caries with a focus on restorative procedures. Dental caries can manifest throughout the lifespan of an individual, making it a matter of concern for infants, children, adults, and older people alike. The prevalence rates of untreated caries in deciduous and permanent teeth are high in many parts of the world, including LACCs. Previous evidence suggests that the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-olds is moderate to high in most Latin American countries. Moreover, the prevalence of treatment needs and dental caries in the adult and elderly population can also be regarded as high in this region. The risk/protective factors (e.g., sugar consumption, exposure to fluoride, and oral hygiene) probably operate similarly in all LACCs, although variations in the interplay of these factors in some countries and within the same country cannot be ruled out. Although salt and water fluoridation programs are implemented in many countries, there is a need for implementation of a surveillance policy. There is also room for improvement with regard to the introduction of minimal intervention techniques in practice and public health programs. Dental caries is a marker of social disadvantage, and oral health promotion programs and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of dental caries in LACCs must consider the complexity of the socioeconomic dynamics in this region. There is an urgent need to promote engagement of stakeholders, policymakers, medical personnel, universities, dental associations, community members, and industries to develop regional plans that enhance the oral health agenda for LACCs. A list of recommendations has been presented to underpin strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of dental caries and improving the quality of life of the impacted LACC population in the near future.

Trends in the Burden of Untreated Caries of Permanent Teeth in China, 1993–2017: An Age–Period–Cohort Modeling Study

This study aims to identify the trends in incidence and prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth in China during 1993-2017. Data representing >31 billion person-years of observation from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017 were analyzed. Age-period-cohort modeling was performed to investigate the trends in untreated caries that may be of value to policymakers. Analyses were conducted in 2019-2020. Prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth decreased steadily before 2010; after which, an increasing trend was noted without the signs of plateauing (age-adjusted annual percentage change, 1993-2017: -0.54%, 95% CI= -0.75%, -0.33%; declining period RR, 1993-2017: p=6.33 × 10-9; declining cohort RR, 1993-2017: p=3.46 × 10-6). Although untreated caries prevalence declined overall among multiple age groups (p<0.05), an increase in prevalence after 2010 was noted. This was driven by the deteriorating oral health condition in recent birth cohorts aged <25 years. Estimates of the longitudinal age trend (incidence: -0.013, 95% CI= -0.015, -0.011; prevalence: -0.0038, 95% CI= -0.0060, -0.0015) suggested that the highest untreated caries incidence and prevalence rate were both observed among young adults aged 20-24 years. No differences between incidence and prevalence of untreated caries were observed among adults aged >55 years (p>0.05). The increased burden of untreated caries in China after 2010 is driven by those aged <25 years. Untreated caries data from the Global Burden of Disease study are a valid complement to the data from the Chinese National Oral Health Epidemiology Surveys.

Evaluation of effect of oral health intervention on children in Shaoshan area of Hunan province

To understand the oral health status of children aged 3-12 in Shaoshan area of Hunan province and to evaluate the role of oral health educations based on community such as fluoride varnish, oral hygiene introduction in improving the oral health of children in the area so as to gain expe-rience. The study used cluster sampling to select 3 kindergartens and 2 primary schools in different economic development areas of Shaoshan. Oral health status survey and interventions were conducted in December 2014 and September 2016, respectively. The average debris index, decayed missing filled teeth (deciduous teeth: dmft; permanent teeth: DMFT), and caries prevalence rate of children aged 3-6 years and 6-12 years were compared. At the same time, children aged 5 and 12 were used as representative populations to compare the indices as listed before and the caries prevalence rate of the first permanent molar in 12-year-old children was compared as well. Finally, health economic analysis was carried out based on the 2 years' result. In this study, 992 children and 896 children in 2014 and 2016 were included respectively. As for children aged 3-6 years, the average debris index and dmft in 2016 were significantly less than that in 2014 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and the difference of DMFT was not significant (P=0.419). Children aged 6-12 years showed the same result, the average debris index and dmft in 2016 were significantly less than those in 2014 (P < 0.001, P=0.013), and the difference in DMFT was not significant (P=0.674). 173 and 179 5-year-old children were included in 2014 and 2016 respectively, and the dmft showed significant difference (P=0.038); the caries prevalence rate was 75.7% and 71.5%, respectively, which was also not significant (P=0.370). With respect to the 12-year-old children, 65 and 104 children were included and the differences in dmft and DMFT were not significant (P=0.133, P=0.171). The caries prevalence of the first permanent molar in the 12-year-old children was 36.9% and 26.9%, whose difference was not significant (P=0.171). The application of fluoride varnish and oral health education can significantly reduce the dmft of children aged 3-12 years in Shaoshan area and significantly improve the oral hygiene status. DMFT, the caries prevalence rate of 5-year-old children's deciduous teeth and 12-year-old children's first permanent molar showed a decline.

Oral Health Status and Risk Factors for Caries in Permanent Teeth among 12-year-old Students in Guangdong, Southern China: A Population-based Epidemiological Survey.

To assess the current prevalence of caries, gingival bleeding, calculus, and fluorosis and to determine the risk factors for caries in permanent teeth of 12-year-old students in Guangdong Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1920 12-year-old students in Guangdong Province. All participants were required to undergo an oral health examination. Information concerning the subjects' family background, dietary habits, and relevant oral health behaviour were collected in a structured questionnaire. Chi-squared tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and the logistic regression model were used in the statistical analysis. The prevalence rates of caries in permanent teeth, gingival bleeding, calculus, and fluorosis were 43.07%, 40.57%, 43.75%, and 5.05%, respectively; the average decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was 1.06±1.721. Residence (odds ratios [OR] rural=1.798, 95% CI: 1.485-2.177), sex (OR female=1.352, 95% CI: 1.121-1.631), paternal education level (OR >9 years=0.755, 95% CI: 0.608-0.936), presence of calculus (OR yes=1.279, 95% CI: 1.057-1.548), and frequency of consumption of sugary snacks (OR frequently=1.418, 95% CI: 1.064-1.890) were statistically significantly associated with the risk of permanent teeth caries. Oral health in 12-year-olds in Guangdong Province remains to be improved. Rural residence, female sex, the presence of calculus, and frequent consumption of sugary snacks could increase the risk of caries. The paternal educational level was negatively associated with the risk of caries, whereas we found no association between the maternal educational level and the risk of caries in this population.

АНАЛИЗ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ И ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ КАРИЕСА ЗУБОВ У ДЕТЕЙ 5-18 ЛЕТ С СЕНСОРНОЙ ДЕПРИВАЦИЕЙ ЗРЕНИЯ, ПОСЕЩАЮЩИХ КОРРЕКЦИОННЫЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ III–IV ВИДА

Subject. The dental health of children with disabilities is the subject of close scrutiny by dentists. Data on the prevalence and intensity of dental pathology make it possible to develop effective personalized programs for the prevention of dental diseases taking into account somatic pathology. The introduction of personalized prevention programs contributes to the reduction of dental morbidity and the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities.&#x0D; The goal is to determine the hallmarks of the state of hard tissues of teeth in children with sensory deprivation of vision and conditionally healthy children.&#x0D; Methodology. A clinical dental examination of 365 children aged 5―18 years living in the city of Krasnoyarsk was conducted. The main (study group) was 185 children with sensory deprivation of vision, the comparison group ― 180 conditionally healthy children. We studied the prevalence of dental caries, including taking into account the degree of activity of its course, and its intensity (CP, CP + CPU, CPU).&#x0D; Results. The prevalence rate of dental caries was at a fairly high level: in the comparison group ― 75.55 %, in the study group ― 82.70. In children with sensory deprivation of vision (in the study group), subcompensated and decompensated forms of the degree of activity of dental caries were observed. In the comparison group (in conditionally healthy children), the course of the carious process was evaluated as compensated. The most unfavorable situation regarding the degree of activity of dental caries in children with sensory deprivation of vision was observed at the age of 12 to 18 years.&#x0D; Findings. In children 5―18 years old with sensory deprivation of vision, the high prevalence and intensity of dental caries are combined with an insufficient level of dental care compared with a group of conditionally healthy children of this age period.

Prevalence and intensity study of dental caries in children with bronchial asthma

Aim. To study the prevalence and intensity rates of dental caries in children with bronchial asthma.Materials and methods. The examination of patients was carried out in the Allergological Department of the Communal Non-Profit Enterprise “City Children Hospital No. 5” in Zaporizhzhia. The study of the carious process prevalence included 158 children with bronchial asthma (50 girls, 108 boys), aged between 3 and 17 years. The study on the caries intensity included 148 children with bronchial asthma (47 girls, 101 boys), aged between 3 and 17 years, who had more than 1 caries cavity. These children were divided into three groups according to the indices of carious process intensity: DMF (permanent dentition, 79 children (20 girls, 59 boys) aged between 10 and 17 years), DMF + df (mixed dentition, 59 children (21 girls, 38 boys) aged between 5 and 14 years), df (primary dentition, 10 children (6 girls, 4 boys) aged between 3 and 6 years), where D means decayed permanent teeth, M – missing permanent teeth, F – filled permanent teeth; d means decayed primary teeth, f – filled primary teeth. Each group was further divided into subgroups according to sex.The control group included 20 non-asthmatic children (7 girls, 13 boys) aged between 5 and 10 years with carious lesions in teeth. The results were processed using the Statistica® for Windows 13.0 (StatSoft Inc., № JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). The data on the carious process intensity were checked for normal distribution according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. Since the distribution was different from normal (P &lt; 0.05), the data were presented as the median and lower and upper quartiles Me (Q25; Q75), and the differences were considered statistically significant at a P level of &lt; 0.05.Results. The prevalence of caries in children with bronchial asthma was 95.5 % indicating mass disease. In the group of children with a permanent dentition, the carious process of a high intensity was revealed with the DMF index equal to 6 (4; 8) min 1, max 16, while 75 % of the children had a subcompensated and 25 % had a compensated dental caries. In the studied group, the carious process intensity was significantly higher in boys: 6.0 (4.5; 8.0) versus 5 (4; 8), which testified to sex differences in the pathological process of the oral cavity. In the group of children with mixed dentition, the DMF + df index was equal to 7 (4; 10) min 1, max 14, and indicated the carious process of a very high intensity and in this case, 25 % of children had a compensated form of the carious process, 25 % of children – subcompensated and 50 % – decompensated form. When comparing the subgroups of girls and boys, age- and sex-related differences in the DMF + df index were not observed. The df index for the examined patients with a temporary dentition was equal to 4 (2; 4) min 1, max 12. When comparing the intensity of the carious process in the groups according to the Kruskal-Wallis test, a statistically significant difference was observed (H = 9.08, P = 0.0107). In the period of a mixed dentition, the intensity of the carious process was higher in children with bronchial asthma than in somatically healthy children and amounted to 7 (4; 10) min 1, max 14) versus 6.0 (3.5; 8.0) min 1, max 10 (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions. The study conducted for the state of dental hard tissues has proven the high prevalence and intensity of the carious process in children with bronchial asthma. In addition, the data obtained have enabled us to determine the presence of sex-specific characteristics and differences in the reported indicators in adolescents. This motivates us to study the dental health issues in children with bronchial asthma in the anamnesis and to develop specific programs for the prevention of dental caries.

The Prevalence of Dental Caries in Primary Dentition in 3- to 5-Year-Old Preschool Children in Northern China.

Objectives To investigate the prevalence and factors promoting caries in primary dentition of 3-5-year-old children in Northeast China. Materials and Methods Data of 1,229 children aged 3 to 5 years were randomly selected. The caries prevalence and other indicators were assessed, and the results analyzed by SPSS. A questionnaire was also given to the children's guardians to ascertain the potential risk factors associated with caries. Results The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index in children aged 3, 4, and 5 years old was 3.17, 5.13, and 6.07, respectively, while the caries prevalence rate was 62.16%, 75.89%, and 87.28% accordingly. The incidence of caries among rural children was higher than that in urban areas. Regarding oral health awareness, it was found that parents in urban areas had more accurate perceptions of oral health problems. It was also noted that the children's brushing habits were worrying. Family economic and medical resources are not the main causes of serious dental caries in rural areas. Conclusions The oral health status of children aged 3-5 years is not optimistic. Many parents have a low awareness of oral health. Strengthening the promotion of oral health knowledge is an effective way to change the situation.

АНАЛИЗ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ПАТОЛОГИИ ТВЕРДЫХ ТКАНЕЙ ЗУБОВ У РАБОТНИКОВ ЗАКРЫТОГО ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Subject. The analysis of the results of a clinical examination of workers of the special economic zone "Alabuga" of the Republic of Tatarstan on the prevalence and intensity of diseases of hard tissues of the teeth is carried out. The goal is to determine the prevalence and intensity of diseases of hard tissues of teeth among workers in an industrial enterprise. Methodology. The study was conducted using clinical dental examination and statistical analysis of the data. All the subjects were divided into the main group, which included 370 employees of the SEZ "Alabuga" of the Republic of Tatarstan, and a comparison group — 297 people of the same age group working at JSC Chemical Plant named after L.Ya. Karpova "(Mendeleevsk). Dental status of workers was determined by the KPU index and the USP group index (level of dental care). Results. The results of the examination of the state of the oral cavity in the main group and the comparison group of workers in industrial enterprises showed certain differences. A comprehensive dental examination of the studied contingent of the SEZ “Alabuga” revealed a high prevalence of pathology of dental hard tissues. The prevalence rate of dental caries was 100 % at an intensity of 2.1, which corresponds to a high level of intensity according to WHO. Nosological forms of non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth were more common than in the control group: tooth pigmentation and plaque were diagnosed — in 81.4 % of cases, wedge-shaped tooth defects — in 34.8 %, hyperesthesia — in 32.7 %, and pathological tooth abrasion — in 32.4 %. Conclusions. The clinical study allowed us to identify areas for improving the provision of dental care and preventive measures to employees of individual industrial sectors.